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{{Infobox settlement
{{About|the municipality in West Bengal, India}}
| name                    = Bardhaman
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2019}}
| other_name              =  
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
<!-- See [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Indian cities]] for details -->{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = Bardhaman <!-- Please do not add any Indic script in this infobox, per Wikipedia:INDISCRIPT|WP:INDICSCRIPT policy -->
| other_name              = Burdwan
| settlement_type          = City
| settlement_type          = City
| image_skyline            = File:Bijoy Toran.jpeg
| image_skyline            = Burdwan city at night.jpg
| image_size              =
| image_alt                = Bajeprotappur, Burdwan
| image_alt                = Bijoy Toran or Curzon Gate
| image_caption            = Burdwan City at night
| image_caption            =  
| nickname                = Royal Heritage City of West Bengal
| image_map                =  
| map_alt                  =  
| map_alt                  =  
| map_caption              =  
| map_caption              =  
| pushpin_map              = India West Bengal
| pushpin_map              = India West Bengal#India3#Asia
| pushpin_label_position  = right
| pushpin_label_position  =  
| pushpin_map_alt          =  
| pushpin_map_alt          =  
| pushpin_map_caption      = Location in West Bengal, India
| pushpin_map_caption      =  
| coordinates              = {{coord|23.2474|N|87.8916|E|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates              = {{coord|23|14|N|87|52|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type        = Country
| subdivision_type        = Country
| subdivision_name        = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_name        = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1        = State
| subdivision_type1        = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2        = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_type2        = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1        = District
| subdivision_name1        = {{flagicon image|..West Bengal Flag(INDIA).png}} [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_name2        = [[Purba Bardhaman district|Purba Bardhaman]]
| subdivision_name2        = [[Purba Bardhaman district|Purba Bardhaman]]
| established_title        = <!-- Established -->
| established_title        = <!-- Established -->
| established_date        =  
| established_date        = 1865
| founder                  =  
| founder                  =  
| named_for                =
| government_type          = [[Municipal Corporations in India|Municipality]]
| government_type          =  
| governing_body          = {{bulleted list|Bardhaman Municipality|Burdwan Development Authority}}
| governing_body          =  
| leader_title            = Chairman
| leader_title1            = [[Mayor]]
| leader_name              = Paresh Chandra Sarkar<ref>{{cite web |title=Burdwan Municipality |url=http://www.burdwanmunicipality.gov.in/chairman-in-council.php |website=www.burdwanmunicipality.gov.in |access-date=30 December 2020}}</ref>
| leader_name1            =  
| leader_title1            = [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly|Vidhan Sabha]] [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly#Members of Legislative Assembly|MLA]]
| leader_name1            = [[Bardhaman Dakshin (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|No. 260 Bardhaman Dakshin]]: Khokan Das ([[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]])
| leader_title2            = [[Lok Sabha]] [[Member of parliament, Lok Sabha|MP]]
| leader_name2            = [[Bardhaman–Durgapur (Lok Sabha constituency)|No. 39 Bardhaman–Durgapur]]: [[S. S. Ahluwalia]] ([[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]])
| unit_pref                = Metric
| area_footnotes          = <ref>{{cite web|title=Burdwan Municipality - Area of Populations|url=http://burdwanmunicipality.gov.in/about.php?subject=Area%20of%20Populations|website=burdwanmunicipality.gov.in|access-date=24 November 2020}}</ref>
| area_total_km2          = 26.30
| area_total_km2          = 26.30
| area_footnotes          =
| area_metro_km2          = 157.62
| area_metro_km2          =  
| area_metro_footnotes    = <ref name='BDA'>{{cite web |title=Burdwan Development Authority |url=https://www.bdaburdwan.org/bda-glance.html |website=www.bdaburdwan.org |access-date=1 February 2021}}</ref>
| area_metro_footnotes    =  
| area_rank                =  
| elevation_footnotes      =  
| elevation_footnotes      =  
| elevation_m              =  
| elevation_m              = 30
| population_total        = 314265
| population_total        = 347,016
| population_as_of        = 2011
| population_as_of        = 2011
| population_footnotes    =  
| population_footnotes    = <ref name=CensusCities/>
| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_metro        = 407,000
| population_metro_footnotes = <ref name='BDA'/>
| population_rank          =  
| population_rank          =  
| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_demonym      =  
| demographics_type1      = Languages
| demographics1_title1    = Official
| demographics1_info1      = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]<ref>{{cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India |url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=Nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=28 August 2019|page=85|url-status = dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref><ref name="wblangoff">{{cite web|title=Fact and Figures|url=https://wb.gov.in/portal/web/guest/facts-and-figures;jsessionid=JzdD9RHb7aMY5esZPtcsIVLy|website=Wb.gov.in|access-date=28 August 2019}}</ref>
| demographics1_title2    = Additional&nbsp;official
| demographics1_info2      = English<ref name="wblangoff"/>
| timezone1                = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| timezone1                = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1              = +5:30
| utc_offset1              = +5:30
| postal_code_type        = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code_type        = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code              =  
| postal_code              = 713101, 713102, 713103, 713104 713141,713149.
| area_code                =  
| area_code                = +91-342
| area_code_type          = Telephone code
| area_code_type          = Telephone code
| registration_plate      =
| registration_plate      = WB-42
| blank1_name_sec1        = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| website                  = {{URL|burdwanmunicipality.gov.in/}}
| blank1_info_sec1        =
| leader_title2            =
| leader_name2            =
| blank2_name_sec1        = Literacy
| blank2_info_sec1        = 88.31
| blank3_name_sec1        = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank3_info_sec1        = Bardhaman-Durgapur
| blank4_name_sec1        = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituencies
| blank4_info_sec1        = [[Bardhaman Dakshin Assembly constituency|Bardhaman Dakshin]], [[Bardhaman Uttar]]
| website                  = {{URL|purbabardhaman.co.in/}}
| footnotes                =  
| footnotes                =  
|}}
| official_name            =
'''Bardhaman''' is a city in the [[Purba Bardhaman district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]]. It is the headquarters of the Purba Bardhaman district.
}}
 
'''Bardhaman''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|b|ɔr|d|ə|ˌ|m|ɑː|n|}}, {{IPA-bn|ˈbɔrˌd̪ʱo.man|lang|}}), officially '''Bardhaman Sadar''', is a city and  municipality in the state of [[West Bengal]], India. It is the headquarters of [[Purba Bardhaman district]], having become a district capital during the [[British India|period of British rule]]. '''Burdwan''', an alternative name for the city, has remained in use since then.


==Etymology==
==Etymology==
The origin of this name is ascribed to Vardhamāna or Mahāvīra, the 24th Tīrthāṅkara of [[Jainism]], who spent some time in Astikagram, according to the Jain scripture Kalpasutra This place was renamed as Vardhamana in his honour. <ref>{{cite web| url = https://bardhaman.com/history/ | title= History  | work=  |publisher= Bardhaman.com | access-date = 9 July 2023}}</ref><ref name=‘municipality’>{{cite web| url = https://burdwanmunicipality.gov.in/about.php?subject=About%20Burdwan%20Town | title= About Bardhaman Town | work= Name, History  |publisher= Bardhaman Municipality| access-date = 10 July 2023}}</ref>
The history of Burdwan is known from about 5000 BC (the Mesolithic or Late Stone Age).{{citation needed|date=May 2016}} The origin of this name dates back to the sixth century BCE and is ascribed to Vardhamāna or [[Mahavira|Mahāvīra]] (599-527 BCE), the 24th [[Tirthankara|Tīrthāṅkara]] of [[Jainism]], who spent some time in Astikagrama, according to the Jain scripture of [[Kalpa Sūtra]]. This place was renamed as ''Vardhamana'' in his honour.


==History==
==History==
===Early years===
During the period of Jahangir this place was named Badh-e-dewan (district capital). The city owes its historical importance to being the headquarters of the Maharajas of Burdwan, the premier noblemen of lower Bengal, whose rent-roll was upwards of 300,000. [[Bardhaman Raj]] was founded in 1657 by Sangam Rai, of a Hindu Khatri family of Kotli in [[Lahore]], [[Punjab region|Punjab]], whose descendants served in turn the [[Mughal Emperor]]s and the [[British government]]. The [[East Indian Railway]] from [[Howrah]] was opened in 1855. The great prosperity of the raj was due to the excellent management of Maharaja Mahtab Chand (died 1879), whose loyalty to the government especially during the "Hul" ([[Santhal rebellion]]) of 1855-56 and the [[Indian rebellion of 1857]] was rewarded with the grant of a coat of arms in 1868 and the right to a personal salute of 13 guns in 1877. Maharaja [[Bijaychand Mahtab]] (born 1881), who succeeded his adoptive father in 1888, earned great distinction by the courage with which he risked his life to save that of [[Sir Andrew Fraser]], the lieutenant-governor of Bengal, on the occasion of the attempt to assassinate him made by freedom fighters of Bengal on 7 November 1908.<ref name=EB1911>{{EB1911|inline=1|wstitle=Burdwan|volume=4|page=811}}</ref>
During the rule of the [[Gupta Empire]] this area was divided into several smaller divisions such as [[Kankagrambhukti]], [[Bardhamanbhukti]] and [[Dandabhukti]]. The area was bound by three rivers – [[Ajay River|Ajay]], [[Dwarakeswar River|Dwarakeswar]] and [[Hooghly River|Hooghly]]. To the east there were forests.<ref name=Ghosh>Ghosh, Binoy, ''Paschim Banger Sanskriti'', (in Bengali), part I, 1976 edition, pp. 82-86, Prakash Bhaban</ref>


During the reign of the [[Mughal dynasty|Mughal emperor]] [[Jahangir]], this place was called Badh-e-Diwan.<ref name=‘municipality’/>
Mahtab Chand Bahadur and later Bijoy Chand Mahtab struggled their best to make this region culturally, economically and ecologically healthier. The chief educational institution was the Burdwan Raj College, which was entirely supported out of the maharaja's estate. [[Kamalakanta Bhattacharya (West Bengal)|Sadhak Kamalakanta]] as composer of devotional songs and Kashiram Das as a poet and translator of the great [[Mahabharata]] were possibly the best products of such an endeavour. Pratap Chandra Roy was the publisher of the first translation in the world to translate [[Mahabharata]] in English (1883–1896).<ref name=tra>{{cite book |title=The Mahabharata Book 1: Adi Parva |author= Kisari Mohan Ganguli tr.|chapter= Translator's Preface|year=1883|page=xii |chapter-url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m01/m01001.htm}}</ref> The society at large also continued to gain the fruits. We find, among others, the great rebel poet [[Kazi Nazrul Islam]] and Kala-azar-famed U. N. Brahmachari as the relatively recent illustrious sons of this soil. [[Batukeshwar Dutt]] an Indian revolutionary and independence fighter in the early 1900s was born on 18 November 1910 in a village Oari in Burdwan district. He is best known for having exploded a few bombs, along with [[Bhagat Singh]], in the Central Legislative Assembly in New Delhi on 8 April 1929. The city became an important centre of North-[[Indian classical music]] as well.


===Bardhaman Raj===
==Geography==
{{Main|Bardhaman Raj}}
{{OSM Location map
Sangam Rai, a [[Khatri]] Kapoor from Kotli, was the founder of the [[Bardhaman Raj]]. He, on his way back from a pilgrimage to Puri, being much impressed with the advantages of Baikunthapur, a village in present-day Purba Bardhaman district, settled there permanently and devoted himself to commerce and money lending.<ref name="Bengal26">{{cite book| last=Peterson|first=J.C.K.|title=''Bengal District Gazetteers : Burdwan'' |date=1910 |publisher=Bengal Secretariat Book Depot|place=Calcutta|page=26}}</ref><ref name=‘municipality’/>During the battle between ''[[Jagir]]dar'' Sher Afghan of Bardhaman and the Mughals, he helped the Mughals. As a reward, in 1610, the Emperor of Delhi conferred upon him the titles of ''[[Kotwal|Char Hazari Kotwal]]'' and ''Munsifdar''.<ref>{{cite book|last=Sarkar|first=Nirad Baran |title=''Bardhaman Raj Itibritto''|language=bn|date=1999|publisher=Sujata Sarkar |place=Bardhaman |page=1}}</ref>
| width=525| height=350| zoom=13
| coord={{coord|23|14|50|N|87|51|15|E}}| float=left|caption='''Bardhaman'''<br />R: temple, mosque, P: park, F: facility, C: university, college, museum, H: historical site <br />Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1={{coord|23|14|25|N|87|52|3|E}} | label-pos1=right|label1= Curzon Gate| numbered1=H | mark-title1=[[Curzon Gate, Bardhaman]] (H)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=12| mark-size1=13|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1=#AA6666|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|23|14|22|N|87|51|12|E}} | label-pos2=right|label2=Rajbati | mark-title2= Rajbati (H)| numbered2=H| shape-color2=#AA6666|label-offset-y2=-2
|mark-coord3={{coord|23|14|4|N|87|51|9|E}} | label-pos3=right|label3= Tombs of Sher Afgan| labela3=and Qutbuddin Koka| numbered3=H| mark-title3= Tombs of Sher Afgan and Qutbuddin Khan Koka (H)|shape-color3=#AA6666
|mark-coord4={{coord|23|15|10|N|87|50|51|E}} | label-pos4=left|label4= University of Burdwan| labela4=(Golapbag campus)| numbered4=C| mark-title4= [[University of Burdwan]] (C)|shape-color4=#C42222
|mark-coord5={{coord|23|15|1|N|87|50|57|E}} | label-pos5=right|label5= Burdwan Science Centre| numbered5=C| mark-title5= Burdwan Science Centre (C)|shape-color5=#C42222
|mark-coord6={{coord|23|15|19|N|87|51|1|E}} | label-pos6=right|label6= Meghnad Saha Planetarium| numbered6=C| mark-title6= Meghnad Saha Planetarium (C)|shape-color6=#C42222
|mark-coord7={{coord|23|15|8|N|87|51|1|E}} | label-pos7=right|label7= Ramnabagan| numbered7=P| mark-title7= Ramnabagan (P)|shape-color7=green
|mark-coord8={{coord|23|16|13|N|87|49|58|E}} | label-pos8=right|label8= 108 Shiva Temple complex| numbered8=R| mark-title8= 108 Shiva Temple complex (R)|shape-color8=#A40000
|mark-coord9={{coord|23|14|15|N|87|51|25|E}} | label-pos9=right|label9= Sarbamangala Temple| numbered9=R| mark-title9= Sarbamangala Temple (R)|shape-color9=#A40000
|mark-coord10={{coord|23|13|53|N|87|50|40|E}} | label-pos10=left|label10= Bardhamaneswar Shiva Temple| numbered10=R| mark-title10= Bardhamaneswar Shiva Temple (R)|shape-color10=#A40000
|mark-coord11={{coord|23|14|4|N|87|49|18|E}} | label-pos11=right|label11= Kankaleswari Temple| numbered11=R| mark-title11= Kankaleswari Temple (R)|shape-color11=#A40000
|mark-coord12={{coord|23|14|18|N|87|51|4|E}} | label-pos12=left|label12= Shahi Jumma Masjid| numbered12=R| mark-title12= Shahi Jumma Masjid (R)|shape-color12=#A40000
|mark-coord13={{coord|23|14|55|N|87|51|12|E}} | label-pos13=bottom|label13= Burdwan Medical College| numbered13=C| mark-title13= [[Burdwan Medical College]] (C)|shape-color13=#C42222
|mark-coord14={{coord|23|15|30|N|87|50|48|E}} | label-pos14=right|label14= University Institute of Technology| numbered14=C| mark-title14= [[University Institute of Technology, Burdwan University]] (C)|shape-color14=#C42222
|mark-coord15={{coord|23|14|30|N|87|53|40|E}} | label-pos15=left|label15= College of Agriculture| numbered15=C| mark-title15= [[College of Agriculture, Bardhaman]] (C)|shape-color15=#C42222
|mark-coord16={{coord|23|15|7|N|87|52|10|E}} | label-pos16=right|label16= Bardhaman railway station| numbered16=F| mark-title16= [[Barddhaman Junction railway station]] (F)|shape-color16=#C42222
|mark-coord17={{coord|23|14|54|N|87|52|25|E}} | label-pos17=right|label17= Bardhaman court| numbered17=F| mark-title17= Bardhaman court (F)|shape-color17=#C42222
|mark-coord18={{coord|23|14|32|N|87|50|40|E}} | label-pos18=right|label18= Kamalakantar Kalibari| numbered18=R| mark-title18= Kamalakantar Kalibari (R)|shape-color18=#A40000
|mark-coord19={{coord|23|13|30|N|87|48|50|E}}| label19=Damodar River| label-color19 = #77A1CB| label-angle19=15| label-pos19=right| label-size19=10| mark-size19=0| mark-title19=none}}


Banku Behari Rai was also a ''[[kotwal]]''. The title of ''Rai-Raiyan'' was conferred upon him.<ref name="raj2">{{cite book|last=Sarkar|first=Nirad Baran|title=''Bardhaman Raj Itibritto''|language=bn|date=1999|publisher=Sujata Sarkar|place=Bardhaman|page=2}}</ref>
===Location===
The region has an average elevation of 40&nbsp;metres (131&nbsp;ft). The city is situated 1100&nbsp;km from [[New Delhi]] and a little less than 100&nbsp;km north-west of [[Kolkata]] on the [[Grand Trunk Road]] ([[National Highway 19 (India)|National Highway 19]]) and Eastern Railway. The chief rivers are the [[Damodar River|Damodar]] and the Banka.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/28/Barddhaman.html|title=Maps, Weather, and Airports for Barddhaman, India|work=fallingrain.com|access-date=25 July 2016}}</ref>


Abu Rai was appointed ''Choudhuri'' and ''[[kotwal]]'' of Rekhabi Bazar in 1657 under the ''Faujdar'' of ''Chakla Bardhaman''. He is considered to be the patriarch of the Bardhaman Raj family as it was during his time the [[zamindar]]i started flourishing and the zamindari was firmly established.<ref name="raj2"/><ref name="Bengal27">{{cite book |last=Peterson |first=J.C.K.|title=''Bengal District Gazetteers : Burdwan'' |date=1910 |publisher=Bengal Secretariat Book Depot|place=Calcutta|page=27}}</ref>
The first epigraphic reference to the name of this place occurs in a sixth-century AD copper plate found in Mallasarul village under Galsi Police Station. Archeological evidences suggest that this region, forming a major part of [[Rarh region|Radh Bengal]], could be traced even back to 4000 BCE.
[[File:Map of purba bardhaman district.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Map of purba bardhaman district]]


Chitra Sen Rai added the parganas of Mandalghat, Arsha and [[Chandrakona]] to his paternal estate. He was first in the family to be invested with the title of ''[[Raja]]'' by the Delhi Emperor.<ref name="Bengal31">{{cite book|last=Peterson|first=J.C.K.|title=''Bengal District Gazetteers : Burdwan''|date=1910|publisher=Bengal Secretariat Book Depot |place=Calcutta |page=31}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Sarkar|first=Nirad Baran|title=''Bardhaman Raj Itibritto''|language=bn|date=1999|publisher=Sujata Sarkar |place=Bardhaman |page=48}}</ref>
===Police stations===
Burdwan police station has jurisdiction over Bardhaman municipal area and [[Burdwan I]] and [[Burdwan II]] CD Blocks. The area covered is 192.15&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>. There are out posts at Barabazar, Muradpur, Keshabganj, Nutanganj and Birhata.<sup>2</sup><ref name=ps1>{{cite web  | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook  | title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Bardhaman  | work = Tables 2.1, 2.2  | publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 23 September 2018  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook  | archive-date = 21 January 2019  | url-status = dead  }}</ref><ref name=ps2>{{cite web | url = https://purbabardhamanpolice.org/ps | title = Purba Bardhaman District Police | work = Police Station | publisher = West Bengal Police | access-date = 23 September 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180927234333/http://purbabardhamanpolice.org/ps | archive-date = 27 September 2018 | url-status = dead }}</ref>


Tilak Chand Rai was honoured by the emperor [[Ahmad Shah Bahadur|Ahmad Shah]] with a ''farman'' confirming his right to the raj and was after a few years, invested with the title of ''[[Maharaja|Maharaj Adhiraj Bahadur]]'' and ''Panj Hazari'' (commander of five thousand troops) by emperor [[Shah Alam II|Shah Alam]].<ref name="Bengal31"/><ref>{{cite book|last=Sarkar|first=Nirad Baran|title=''Bardhaman Raj Itibritto''| language=bn |date=1999 |publisher=Sujata Sarkar| place=Bardhaman |page=77}}</ref> Three years after the [[battle of Plassey]], on 27 September 1760, the zamindari of Bardhaman, together with the districts of  Midnapore and Chittagong, was ceded to the [[East India Company]] by  [[Mir Qasim |Nawab Mir Muhammad Kashim Khan]], the governor of Bengal. At that time Bardhaman contained an area of 5,174 square miles and was considered the most productive district in ''[[Bengal Subah|Sube Bangla]]''.<ref name="Bengal32">{{cite book |last=Peterson |first=J.C.K. |title=''Bengal District Gazetteers : Burdwan''| date=1910| publisher=Bengal Secretariat Book Depot |place=Calcutta|page=32}}</ref>
Women police station Burdwan has jurisdiction over Bardhaman municipal area and [[Burdwan I]] and [[Burdwan II]] CD Blocks. The area covered is 192.15&nbsp;km.<ref name=ps1/><ref name=ps2/>


Mahtab Chand Rai was appointed an additional member of the Viceregal Legislative Council in 1864, being the first native person of Bengal who was so honoured.<ref name="Bengal39">{{cite book|last=Peterson|first=J.C.K.|title=''Bengal District Gazetteers : Burdwan''|date=1910|publisher=Bengal Secretariat Book Depot |place=Calcutta |page=39}}</ref>
==Demographics==
{{bar box|width = 300px
|barwidth = 250px |cellpadding="0"
|title=Religion in Bardhaman<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW19C-01%20MDDS.XLS|title=C-1 Population By Religious Community - Bardhaman (M)|access-date=17 August 2020}}</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|#FF6600|83.42}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|#009000|14.88}}
{{bar percent|Not stated|Blue|1.19}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity]]|#FFFF00|0.19}}
{{bar percent|Others|Black|0.32}}
}}


Bijay Chand Mahtab was permitted the government in 1897 to maintain an armed force of 600 people and 41 cannons. In 1908, as per a proclamation of Lord Minto, elevated to the title of "Maharajadhiraja", which was bestowed on a hereditary basis.<ref name=i>Imperial Gazetteer of India by Sir William Wilson Hunter, 1908 – Page 101</ref>  
{{Historical population
| source = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.macrotrends.net/cities/21405/Barddhaman/population|title=Barddhaman, India Metro Area Population 1950-2020}}</ref>
| 1951 | 76000
| 1961 | 109000
| 1971 | 144000
| 1981 | 170000
| 1991 | 246000
| 2001 | 287000
| 2011 | 347016
}}


Uday Chand Mahatab  headed and was a member of several committees like, member of the Damodar Canal Enquiry Committee 1938,<ref>The lower Damodar River, India - Page 81 - Google Books</ref>He presided over the West Bengal group of Legislators, in 1946, which voted 58:21 in favor of partition of Bengal.<ref>Bengal Partition Stories: An Unclosed Chapter - Page 25</ref>He served as President of the non-Muslim block of the Bengal Partition meeting in 1947 and was a member of the Legislative Assembly of Bengal from years 1937 to 1952.<ref>Constitutional Schemes and Political Development in India: Towards ... - Page 654</ref>
In the 2011 census, Bardhaman Urban Agglomeration had a population of 347,016, out of which 177,055 were males and 169,961 were females. 25,069 people were between the ages of 0–6 years. Effective literacy rate for the 7+ population was 88.62%.<ref name=CensusCities>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf | title = Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above|work= Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011 |access-date = 21 October 2011 }}</ref>
In the West Bengal Legisllative Assembly election in 1951, the first after independence, Uday Chand Mahatab of [[Indian National Congress]] lost to [[Benoy Choudhury]] of [[Communist Party of India]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_WestBengal.pdf | title = Statistcal Report on General Elections 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work = Detailed Results P 218 | publisher = Election Commission of India | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120114095211/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_WestBengal.pdf |access-date = 10 July 2023| archive-date = 14 January 2012 }}</ref>


The election defeat was followed by legislation for abolition of the zamindari system in West Bengal.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://bareactslive.com/WB/WB013.HTM?AspxAutoDetectCookieSupport=1 | title= West Bengal Estates Acquisition Act 1953 | work= West Bengal Act 1 of 1954  |publisher= Bare Acts Live| access-date = 9 July 2023}}</ref>
{{See also|List of cities in West Bengal }}


==Geography==
==Climate==
Bardhaman Municipality covers an area of 26.30 sq km. It has 35 wards. It was established in 1865.<ref name=‘municipality’/>
The [[Köppen Climate Classification]] sub-type for this climate is "[[Tropical savanna climate|Aw]]" (tropical savanna climate).
{{Weather box
|location = Burdwan, India
|single line = Yes
|metric first = Yes
|Jan high F = 78.8
|Feb high F = 81.5
|Mar high F = 94.1
|Apr high F = 99.4
|May high F = 90.7
|Jun high F = 94.9
|Jul high F = 90
|Aug high F = 90.1
|Sep high F = 90.3
|Oct high F = 89.6
|Nov high F = 82.4
|Dec high F = 78.8
|year high F = 88.38
|Jan low F = 53.6
|Feb low F = 59
|Mar low F = 68
|Apr low F = 76.8
|May low F = 78.6
|Jun low F = 78.8
|Jul low F = 77
|Aug low F = 77
|Sep low F = 77
|Oct low F = 76.5
|Nov low F = 63.5
|Dec low F = 54.5
|year low F = 70
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation inch = 0.7
|Feb precipitation inch = 1.5
|Mar precipitation inch = 1.3
|Apr precipitation inch = 1.9
|May precipitation inch = 5
|Jun precipitation inch = 9.6
|Jul precipitation inch = 13.7
|Aug precipitation inch = 12.3
|Sep precipitation inch = 11.4
|Oct precipitation inch = 6.2
|Nov precipitation inch = 1.1
|Dec precipitation inch = 0.2
|year precipitation inch = 64.9
|Jan rain days= 4
|Feb rain days= 3
|Mar rain days= 4
|Apr rain days= 6
|May rain days= 10
|Jun rain days= 18
|Jul rain days= 23
|Aug rain days= 22
|Sep rain days= 18
|Oct rain days= 11
|Nov rain days= 3
|Dec rain days= 1
|source 1 = Weather2<ref name=myweather2>
{{cite web
|url = http://www.myweather2.com/City-Town/India/Burdwan/climate-profile.aspx
|publisher= Weather2
|title= Weather2
|year=2013
}}
Retrieved on 6 October 2013.
</ref>
|date=October 2013}}


==Demographics==
==Culture==
As per the 2011 census, Bardhaman municipality had a total population of 314,265, of which 159,936 were males and 154,329 were females. The proportion of [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|SC]] was 11.08% and that of [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|ST]] was 1.10%.<ref name=‘admin1’>{{cite web| url = https://www.census2011.co.in/data/town/801678-barddhaman-west-bengal.html  | title= Bardhaman Town Population 2011 | work=  |publisher= Population Census| access-date = 10 July 2023}}</ref>
{{unreferenced section|date=March 2014}}
Burdwan has a multi-cultural heritage. The [[deul]]s (temples of [[rekha]] type) found here are reminiscent of Bengali Hindu architecture. The old temples bear signs of [[Hinduism]], mostly belonging to the [[Shakti|Sakta]] and [[Vaishnava]] followers.


Literacy rate was 88.31%.<ref name=‘admin1’/>
The Kankaleswari [[Kali]] is also located in the city of Burdwan. Burdwan experienced and survived numerous violent conflicts, due to [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]], [[Pashtun people|Pashtun]] and [[Maratha]] invaders. The city of Bardhaman was visited by notables of the [[Delhi Sultanate]] from Raja Todarmal to Daud Karnani, from Sher Afghan and Kutub-ud-din to Ajimuswan to the future Mughal emperor [[Shah Jahan]] while he was still a rebel. Bardhaman also has a number of Bengali Christians, and although they are a minority, there are many churches in the city.


See also – [[List of cities in West Bengal by population]]
==Foods==
* [[Sitabhog]] and [[Mihidana]] are two famous sweets of Burdwan, introduced first in honour of the Raj family.{{citation needed|date=February 2017}}
* [[Shaktigarh]]'s [[langcha]] is another local speciality for Shaktigarh in the eastern part of [[Burdwan City]].{{citation needed|date=November 2019}}


==Transport==
==Transport==
Bardhaman is on [[Grand Trunk Road]] / National Highway 19 (old numbering NH 2).<ref name=‘municipality’/><ref>{{cite web| url = https://paschimbardhaman.gov.in/how-to-reach/ | title= Paschim Bardhaman | work= Tourism/ How to Reach |publisher= Government of West Bengal | access-date = 10 July  2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://dorth.gov.in/writereaddata/sublinkimages/finaldoc6143316640.pdf|title=Rationalisation of Numbering Systems of National Highways|publisher=Department of Road Transport and Highways|access-date= 2 July 2023|location=New Delhi|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201124738/http://dorth.gov.in/writereaddata/sublinkimages/finaldoc6143316640.pdf|archive-date=1 February 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>


[[Barddhaman Junction railway station]], established in 1865, has 8 platforms, 181 trains halt at this station, 18 trains originate/ terminate at this station.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/barddhaman-junction-bwn/2 | title= Bardhaman Junction | work=  |publisher= IndiaRailInfo | access-date = 10 July 2023}}</ref>
===Road===
* The [[Grand Trunk Road]] runs across the city; [[National Highway 19 (India)|NH 19]] (old numbering NH 2) bypasses the city. [[South Bengal State Transport Corporation]] (SBSTC) and private operators operate buses from Arambag, Asansol, Baharampur, Bankura, [[Bolpur]], Esplanade, [[Kirnahar]], Purulia, Saltlake and Tarakeswar. It takes around 2–2.5 hours. Bardhaman is well connected by bus with numerous places all around. Most of the buses arrive and leave from Alisha Bus Stand and Nababhat Bus Stand. Burdwan also has a facility of bus service known as Town Service which connects different areas within the city.
* Sadarghat Road also connects Bardhaman with Bankura (indirectly) and Hooghly (directly) district.


==Tourism==
====Rail====
Some places of tourist interest in and around Bardhaman are; <ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.bardhamanonline.in/city-guide/religious-places-in-bardhaman  | title= Bardhaman Religious Spots  | work= |publisher= BardhamanOnline.com |access-date = 10 July 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url =  https://www.tripadvisor.in/Attractions-g1745275-Activities-Bardhaman_District_West_Bengal.html| title= Places to visit in Bardhaman district | work= |publisher= Tripadvisor | access-date = 10 July 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.holidify.com/places/bardhaman/tomb-of-sher-afghan-sightseeing-4153.html | title= Tomb of Sher Afghan | work= |publisher= holidify | access-date = 10 July 2023}}</ref>
* The main Howrah-Delhi rail track passes through Bardhaman, and the city is served by [[Bardhaman railway station]]. The Howrah Rajdhani Express (via Patna) has a scheduled stop at Bardhaman. One can take a local train from Howrah to reach in two hrs. One can also travel along the Sahibganj Loop, which branches off, one station after Bardhaman. The narrow gauge line to Katwa was upgraded to broad gauge in 2013, up to Balgona, which has been extended to Katwa.
*Kankaleswar Kalibari in Kanchan Nagar.
 
*Bardhamaneswar Shiva Temple.
====Rickshaws====
*108 Shiva Temples, 4km from Bardhaman railway station.
* Cycle rickshaws and E-Rickshaws (Toto) are available for travel within the city.
*Meghnad Saha Planetarium.
* Also available mini bus within city and surrounding. Intracity connector by SBSTC under JNNURM project has been provided.
*Tomb of Sher Afghan
*Ola's bike service is also active in the city.
*Christ Church


==Education==
==Education==
The following institutions are located in Bardhaman:


'''Premier Institutions'''
===University===
*[[University of Burdwan]] was established in 1960. <ref>{{cite web| url = https://collegedunia.com/university/26017-university-of-burdwan-bu-bardhaman/admission | title= Burdwan University | work=  |publisher= College Dunia | access-date = 10 July 2023}}</ref>
The [[University of Burdwan]] was formally inaugurated on 15 June 1960 by [[Sukumar Sen (civil servant)|Sukumar Sen]], its first Vice-chancellor. It was after the abolition of the [[Zamindar]]i system in the fifties that [[Bardhaman Raj#Udaychand Mahtab|Uday Chand Mahtab]], the last representative of the Burdwan Raj, left his entire property in Burdwan to the state government. This, coupled with the initiative of the then [[Chief Minister of West Bengal]], [[Bidhan Chandra Roy]], facilitated the establishment of this university. Presently, the administrative works are mostly done at the Rajbati (the palace of Barddhamana Maharaja) campus; on the other hand, academic activities centre on the Golapbag campus. With social responsibilities in mind, the university actively patronised the construction of a science centre and the Meghnad Saha Planetarium.
*[[Burdwan Medical College and Hospital]] was established in 1969. <ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.burmed.org/ | title= Burdwan Medical College and Hospital | work=  |publisher= Burdwan Medical College | access-date = 10 July 2023}}</ref>
*[[University Institute of Technology, Burdwan University]] was established in 2000. <ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.shiksha.com/college/university-institute-of-technology-the-university-of-burdwan-bardhaman-24544 | title= University Institute of Technology, The University of Bardhaman | work=  |publisher= Shisha| access-date = 10 July 2023}}</ref>
*College of Agriculture, an extension of the [[Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya]], was established in 2014. <ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.bckv.edu.in/index.php/en/academics-en/campuses-en/extended-campus-burdwan-en | title=  College of Agriculture (Extended campus of BCKV), Burdwan | work=  |publisher= Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya | access-date = 10 July 2023}}</ref>


'''General Degree Colleges'''
===Colleges===
*[[ Burdwan Raj College]] was established in 1881. <ref>{{cite web| url =https://www.shiksha.com/college/burdwan-raj-college-bardhaman-11562  | title= Burdwan Raj College | publisher= Shiksha | access-date = 21 July 2023}}</ref>
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a college to this list if it already has its own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦--->
* Maharajadhiraj Uday Chand Women's College was established in 1955.<ref>{{cite web| url =https://mucwcburdwan.org/ | title= Maharajadhiraj Uday Chand Women's College | publisher= Maharajadhiraj Uday Chand Women's College | access-date = 21 July 2023}}</ref>
<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order ♦♦♦--->
*[[ Vivekananda Mahavidyalaya]] was established in 1963. <ref>{{cite web| url =https://www.vmbdn.in/index.php | title= Vivekananda Mahavidyalaya | publisher= Vivekananda Mahavidyalaya | access-date = 21 July 2023}}</ref>
* [[Burdwan Dental College and Hospital]]
*Dr.Bhupedra Nath Dutta Smriti Mahvidyalaya  was established in 1996. <ref>{{cite web| url = https://dbndsm.edu.in/| title= Dr.Bhupedra Nath Dutta Smriti Mahvidyalaya  | publisher= Dr.Bhupedra Nath Dutta Smriti Mahvidyalaya  | access-date = 21 July 2023}}</ref>
* [[Burdwan Homoeopathic Medical College & Hospital]]
* [[St. Xavier's College, Burdwan]] was established in 2014. <ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.shiksha.com/colleges/bardhaman| title=  Colleges in Bardhaman| work= St. Xavier’s College |publisher= | access-date = 21 July 2023}}</ref>
* [[Burdwan Medical College]]
* [[Burdwan Raj College]]
* [[Maharajadhiraj Uday Chand Women's College]]
* [[M.B.C. Institute of Engineering and Technology]]
* [[University Institute of Technology, Burdwan University]]
* [[Vivekananda Mahavidyalaya]]
* [[St. Xavier's College, Burdwan]]


'''Specialised Colleges'''
===Schools===
*Burdwan Dental College and Hospital was established in 2009. <ref>{{cite web| url =https://collegedunia.com/college/57941-burdwan-dental-college-and-hospital-bardhaman/cutoff | title= Bardhaman Dental College and Hospital | publisher= College Duniya| access-date = 21 July 2023}}</ref>
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a school to this list if it already has its own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦--->
*Burdwan Homeopathic College and Hospital was established in 1978. <ref>{{cite web| url = https://collegedunia.com/college/6157-burdwan-homoeopathic-medical-college-and-hospital-nutanganj-bardhama| title= Burdwan Homeopathic College and Hospital | publisher= Burdwan Homeopathic College and Hospital | access-date = 21 July 2023}}</ref>
<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order ♦♦♦--->
* [[Burdwan C.M.S High School|Burdwan CMS High School (Main), B. C. Road - West Bengal Board]]
* [[Burdwan Municipal Girls' High School]] - West Bengal Board
* [[Burdwan Municipal High School]] - established in 1883 by [[Debendranath Tagore]]
* [[St. Xavier's School, Burdwan|St. Xaviers School]] - CISCE


'''Higher Secondary Schools'''
==Places of interest==
*Bardhaman C.M.S. High School, established in 1834, is a Bengali medium, boys only institution having facilities for teaching from class V to class XII. It has a playground, a library with 500 books and 15 computers for teaching and learning purposes. <ref>{{cite web| url = https://schools.org.in/barddhaman/19093303605/burdwan-c-m-s-high-school.html | title= Bardhaman C.M.S. High School | publisher= Schools.org| access-date = 21 July 2023}}</ref>
<gallery mode="packed" style="font-size:88%; line-height:130%; border-bottom:1px #aaa solid;" heights="150">
*Maharani Adhirani Balika Vidyalaya, established in 1853, is a Bengali medium, girls only institution having facilities for teaching from class V to class XII. It has a playground and a library with 2,014 books. <ref>{{cite web| url = https://schools.org.in/barddhaman/19093302005/maharani-adhirani-girls-high.html | title= Maharani Adhirani Balika Vidyalaya | publisher= Schools.org| access-date = 21 July 2023}}</ref>
*Burdwan Raj Collegiate School, established in 1881, is a Bengali medium, boys only institution having facilities for teaching from class V to class XII. It has a library with 4,122 books. <ref>{{cite web| url = https://schools.org.in/barddhaman/19093301906/burdwan-rajcollegiate-school-high.html | title= Burdwan Raj Collegiate School  | publisher= Schools.org | access-date = 21 July 2023}}</ref>
*Kanchannagar D.N.Das High School, established in 1887, is a Bengali medium, coeducational institution having facilities for teaching from class V to class XII. It has a library with 6,000 books and 5 computers. <ref>{{cite web| url =  https://schools.org.in/barddhaman/19093302406/kanchannagar-d-n-das-high-scho.html| title= Kanchannagar D.N.Das High School | publisher= Schools.org| access-date = 21 July 2023}}</ref>
*Bardhaman Town School, established in 1925, is a Bengali medium, boys only institution having facilities for teaching from class V to class XII. It has a playground, a library with 4721 books and 18 computers for teaching and learning purposes. <ref>{{cite web| url = https://schools.org.in/barddhaman/19093300907/burdwan-town-school.html | title= Bardhaman Town School | publisher= Schools.org | access-date = 21 July 2023}}</ref>
*Municipal Girls’ High School, established in 1936, is a Bengali medium, girls only institution having facilities for teaching from class V to class XII. It has a playground, a library with 4,394 books and 19 computers for teaching and learning purposes. <ref>{{cite web| url = https://schools.org.in/barddhaman/19093300909/municipal-girls-high-school.html | title= Municipal Girls’ High School | publisher= Schools.org | access-date = 21 July 2023}}</ref>
*Burdwan Shib Kumar Harijan Vidyalaya, established in 1942, is a Bengali medium, coeducational institution having facilities for teaching from class V to class XII. It has a library and 12 computers for teaching and learning. <ref>{{cite web| url =  https://schools.org.in/barddhaman/19093300905/burdwan-shib-kumar-harijan-vidyalaya-hs.html| title= Burdwan Shib Kumar Harijan Vidyalaya | publisher= Schools.org | access-date = 21 July 2023}}</ref>
*Bardhaman Banipith, established in 1948, is a Bengali medium, boys only institution having facilities for teaching from class V to class XII. It has a playground and a library with 2,000 books. <ref>{{cite web| url = https://schools.org.in/barddhaman/19093303407/bardhaman-banipith-high-school-hs.html | title= Bardhaman Banipith High School | publisher= Schools.org| access-date = 21 July 2023}}</ref>
*Bharati Balika Vidyalaya, established in 1952, is a Bengali medium, girls only institution having facilities for teaching from class V to class XII. It has a library with 500 books and has 2 computers. <ref>{{cite web| url =https://schools.org.in/barddhaman/19093302507/bharati-balika-vidyalaya.html  | title= Bharati Balika Vidyalaya  | publisher= Schools.org| access-date = 21 July 2023}}</ref>
*Burdwan Sri R.K.S.P. High School, established in 1957, is a Bengali medium, boys only institution having facilities for teaching from class V to class XII. <ref>{{cite web| url = https://schools.org.in/barddhaman/19093303004/burdwan-sri-r-k-s-p-high-shy.html | title= Burdwan Sri R.K.S.P. High School | publisher= Schools.org| access-date = 21 July 2023}}</ref>
*Ichlabad High School, established in 1957, is a Bengali medium, coeducational institution having facilities for teaching from class V to class XII. It has a library with 1,500 books and 11computers for teaching and learning purposes. <ref>{{cite web| url = https://schools.org.in/barddhaman/19093301007/ichlabad-high-school.html | title= Ichlabad High School | publisher= Schools.org| access-date = 21 July 2023}}</ref>
*Vidyarthi Bhavan, established in 1958, is a Bengali medium, girls only institution having facilities for teaching from class V to class XII. It has a playground, a library with 7,000 books and 1 computer. <ref>{{cite web| url =  https://schools.org.in/barddhaman/19093303504/bidyarthi-bhavan-girls-high-school.html| title= Vidyarthi Bhavan Girls’ High School | publisher= Schools.org | access-date = 21 July 2023}}</ref>
*Khaja Anowar Shahid Berh High School, established in 1961, is a Bengali medium, coeducational institution, having facilities for teaching from class V to class XII. It has a playground, a library and 11 computers. <ref>{{cite web| url = https://schools.org.in/barddhaman/19093301706/khaja-anowar-sahid-berh-high-s.html | title= Khaja Anowar Shahid Berh High School | publisher= Schools.org| access-date = 21 July 2023}}</ref>
*Burdwan Sri Ramashis Hindi High School, established in 1962, is a Hindi medium, coeducational institution having facilities for teaching from class V to class XII. It has a library with 800 books and 1 computer. <ref>{{cite web| url = https://schools.org.in/barddhaman/19093300307/burdwan-sri-ramashis-hindi-high-school.html | title= Burdwan Sri Ramashis Hindi High School | publisher= Schools.org | access-date = 21 July 2023}}</ref>
*[[St. Xavier's School, Burdwan]], established in 1964, is an English medium, coeducational institution having facilities for teaching from class I to class XII. It has a playground, a library and 70 computers for teaching and learning purposes. <ref>{{cite web| url = https://schools.org.in/barddhaman/19093301305/st-xavier-s-school-burdwan.html | title= St. Xavier’s School, Burdwan | publisher= Schools.org| access-date = 21 July 2023}}</ref>
*Burdwan N.V.M. High School, established in 1964, is a Bengali medium, coeducational institution having facilities for teaching from class V to class XII. It has a library with 700 books and 1 computer. <ref>{{cite web| url =https://schools.org.in/barddhaman/19093302705/burdwan-n-v-m-high-school-hs.html  | title=  Burdwan N.V.M. High School |publisher= Schools.org| access-date = 21 July 2023}}</ref>
*Burdwan Sadhumati Balika Shiksha Sadan, established in 1967, is a Bengali medium, girls only institution having facilities for teaching from class V to class XII. It has a playground, a library and 10 computers for teaching and learning purposes. <ref>{{cite web| url = https://schools.org.in/barddhaman/19093300707/burdwan-sadhumoti-balika-siksha-sadan-high.html | title= Burdwan Sadhumati Balika Shiksha Sadan | publisher= Schools.org| access-date = 21 July 2023}}</ref>
*Rathtala M.D. Vidyaniketan, established in 1968, is a Bengali medium boys only institution, having facilities for teaching from class V to class XII. It has a library and 9 computers. <ref>{{cite web| url =https://schools.org.in/barddhaman/19093302303/rathtala-m-d-vidyaniketan.html  | title= Rathtala M.D. Vidyaniketan  | publisher= Schools.org | access-date = 21 July 2023}}</ref>
*Harisava Hindu Girls’ High School, established in 1969, is a Bengali medium, girls only institution having facilities for teaching from class V to class XII. It has a playground, a library with 3,000 books and 10 computers for teaching and learning purposes. <ref>{{cite web| url = https://schools.org.in/barddhaman/19093300203/harisava-hindu-girls-high-m.html | title= Harisava Hindu Girls’ High School | publisher= Schools.org | access-date = 21 July 2023}}</ref>
*Burdwan Railway Vidyapith, established in 1969, is a Bengali medium, coeducational institution having facilities for teaching from class V to class XII. It has a playground, a library with 2,300 books and 1 computer.<ref>{{cite web| url =  https://schools.org.in/barddhaman/19093300605/burdwan-railway-vidyapith.html| title= Burdwan Railway Vidyapith | publisher= Schools.org | access-date = 21 July 2023}}</ref>
*Rathtala M.D. Balika Vidyalaya, established in 1974, is a Bengali medium, girls only institution having facilities for teaching from class V to class XII. It has a library with 500 books and 2 computers. <ref>{{cite web| url = https://schools.org.in/barddhaman/19093302304/rathtala-m-d-bilika-vidyalaya.html | title= Rathtala M.D. Balika Vidyalaya | publisher= Schools.org | access-date = 21 July 2023}}</ref>
*Burdwan Dubrajdighi High School, established in 1975, is a Bengali medium, coeducational institution having facilities for teaching from class V to class XII. <ref>{{cite web| url =https://schools.org.in/barddhaman/19093300503/burdwan-dubrajdighi-high-school.html  | title= Burdwan Dubrajdighi High School | publisher= Schools.org| access-date = 21 July 2023}}</ref>
*Ichlabad Vivekanada Balika Vidayalay, established in 1978, is a Bengali medium, girls only institution having facilities for teaching for teaching from class V to class XII. <ref>{{cite web| url = https://schools.org.in/barddhaman/19093301006/ichlabad-vivekananda-balika-vidyalay.html | title= Ichlabad Vivekanada Balika Vidayalay | publisher= Schools.org| access-date = 21 July 2023}}</ref>
*Burdwan Municipal High School, established in 1983, is a Bengali medium, boys only institution having facilities for teaching from class V to class XII. It has a playground, a library with 3,500 books and 45 computers for teaching and learning purposes. <ref>{{cite web| url = https://schools.org.in/barddhaman/19093303403/burdwan-municipal-high-school.html | title= Burdwan Municipal High School | publisher= Schools.org | access-date = 21 July 2023}}</ref>
*Bardhaman Nivedita Kanya Vidyalaya, established in 1984, is a Bengali medium, girls only institution having facilities for teaching from class V to class XII. It has a playground, a library and 1 computer. <ref>{{cite web| url = https://schools.org.in/barddhaman/19093302704/bardhaman-nivedita-kanya-vidya.html | title= Bardhaman Nivedita Kanya Vidyalaya |publisher= Schools.org| access-date = 21 July 2023}}</ref>
*Kendriya Vidyalaya, Burdwan, established in 1994, is an English medium, coeducational institution having facilities for teaching from class I to class XII. It has a playground, a library with 3,300 books and 24 computers for teaching and learning purposes. <ref>{{cite web| url = https://schools.org.in/barddhaman/19093302603/kendriya-vidyalaya-burdwan.html | title= Kendriya Vidyalaya, Burdwan | publisher= Schools.org| access-date = 21 July 2023}}</ref>


==Healthcare==
Image:Sarbamangala temple.jpg|Sarbamangala Temple
The major government medical facilities in the city are:<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/Directory_Medical_Inst.pdf | title= Directory of Medical Institutions: West Bengal (as on 31 March 2018| work= Purba Bardhaman, page 185 |publisher= Directorate of Health Services, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 2 July  2023}}</ref>
Image:108 shiv temple.jpg|108 Shiva Temple
*[[Burdwan Medical College and Hospital]] has 1181 beds.
Image:Golapbag.jpg|Hawa Mahal (Golapbag)
*Bardhaman Jail Hospital has 35 beds.
File:Meghnad Saha Planetarium.jpg|Meghnad Saha Planetarium, Golapbag, Bardhaman
*Bardhaman Police Hospital has 44 beds.
File:Burdwan Church 14 06 2012.jpg|Christ Church
*Bardhaman Railway Hospital has 5 beds.
Image:Damodar River.jpg|Damodar River
Image:Curzon Gate.jpg|[[Curzon Gate, Bardhaman|Curzon Gate]]
Image:Burdwan Palace.jpg|Inside view of the palace of Burdwan Maharaja
Image:Science centre bardhaman.jpg|Science Centre
File:Maa Kankaleshwari at her temple.jpg|Maa Kankaleshwari at her temple
Image:Pir baharam.jpg|Mazar of Sufi Pir Baharam Sakka
File:Damodareshwar Shiva Temple, Burdwan.jpg|Damodareshwar Shiva Temple, Damodarpally, Burdwan
File:Burdwan Arcade.jpg|Burdwan Arcade
File:Krishok Setu, Damodar River.jpg|Damodar River
</gallery>


==Bardhaman picture gallery==
* '''Curzon Gate''' – the [[Curzon Gate, Bardhaman|Curzon Gate]] was built in 1902–1903, for the coronation of [[Bijay Chand Mahtab|Maharaja Bijay Chand Mahatab]]. The former royal palace is located a kilometer from the gate.<ref name=census2011>{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/1909_PART_B_DCHB_BARDDHAMAN.pdf  | title = Census of India 2011: District Census Handbook, Barddhaman, Series-20, Part-XIIB | work= Motif  | publisher = Diretorate of Census Operations, West Bengal  |access-date =  10 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.holidify.com/places/bardhaman/curzon-gate-sightseeing-4142.html | title = Curzon Gate, Bardhaman | work= Weekend Destinations  | publisher = Holidify  |access-date =  10 March 2017}}</ref> The pomp and grandeur of [[George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston|Lord Curzon's]] visit to Bardhaman in 1904 established the name of the gate as Curzon Gate. It is also known as Bijay Toran.<ref name=census2011/><ref name="chattopadhyay">Chattopadhyay, Akkori, ''Bardhaman Jelar Itihas O Lok Sanskriti'' (History and Folk lore of Bardhaman District.), {{in lang|bn}}, Vol II, pages 565-576, Radical Impression. {{ISBN|81-85459-36-3}}</ref>
<gallery widths="190px" heights="140px">
* '''Tombs of Sher Afgan and Qutbuddin Khan Koka''' - [[Nur Jahan|Mehr-un-Nissa]], then wife of [[Sher Afgan Khan|Sher Afgan]], [[jagir]]dar of Bardhaman, was once a resident of Bardhaman. It is said that the [[Mughal emperors|Mughal emperor]] [[Jahangir]] had fallen in love with her and was determined to marry her. He tried to get her with the help of his foster-brother and [[subahdar]] of Bengal, Qutbuddin Khan Koka. Sher Afgan died during a fight with Qutbuddin Khan Koka, who also was killed. Both were buried side by side at Bardhaman in 1607 (or 1610 according to some sources), in the same place as Pir Baharam Sikka, a Persian Sufi saint. Mehr-un-Nissa ultimately emerged as the Empress Nur Jahan.<ref>Ghosh, Binoy, ''Paschim Banger Sanskriti'', {{in lang|bn}}, part I, 1976 edition, pages 103-104, Prakash Bhaban</ref><ref name="tourism">{{cite web| url = http://purbabardhaman.gov.in/general_info/tourism.php |title =  Purba Bardhaman district| work= Tourism|publisher= District Administration  | access-date = 12 February 2019}}</ref>
File:108 Shiva Temple at Nababhat area of Bardhaman Town at Purba Bardhaman district in West Bengal 08.jpg|108 Shiva Temple at Nababhat
* '''Rajbari''' – the palace of the Bardhaman Raj family, was built by Mahatabchand in the 19th century, at a site that is earlier believed to have a [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] fort. The Rajbari was built by the Kolkata-based [[Martin Burn|Burn and Company]]. The main hall has many valuable paintings.<ref name="chattopadhyay"/> [[Uday Chand Mahtab]] handed over the Rajbati to the state government. It now houses the administrative offices of the [[University of Burdwan]].<ref>{{cite web | url =  http://www.buruniv.ac.in/bunew/Template.php?page=AboutUs&subpage=History | title = The University of Burdwan | work=History of Burdwan University| publisher = BU |access-date =  3 March 2019}}</ref>
* '''Golapbag, Ramna Bagan and Deer Park''' – Golapbag was developed as a botanical and zoological garden in the 19th century. It contained lakes for boating and Hawa Mahal. Several academic sections of the University of Burdwan are located there. Ramna Bagan once had a Brahmo Samaj. It now has a deer park.<ref name="chattopadhyay"/>
* '''Sarbamangala temple''' - the temple of Sarbamangala, the presiding deity of the Bardhaman Raj and believed to have been found on the sand-bed of the [[Damodar River]].<ref name="tourism"/> It is a [[Navaratna (architecture)|navaratna]] temple with a [[nata mandir]] that has a [[terracotta]] [[Durga]] panel.<ref name="chattopadhyay"/>
* '''Bardhamaneswar Shiva temple''' - the [[Shiva]] temple has a huge idol.<ref name=tourism/> Many believe that the Shiva lingam in the temple was established by [[Chand Sadagar]] of [[Manasamangal]] fame.<ref name="chattopadhyay"/>
* '''Kamalakanta Kalibari''' - it is a [[Kali]] temple associated with the poet-devotee [[Kamalakanta Bhattacharya (West Bengal)|Sadhak Kamalakanta]].<ref name="tourism"/>
* '''108 Shiva temple complex''' - the [[Shiva]] temple complex, constructed by Maharani Bishnu Kumari, at Nawabhat, near Bardhaman, has a picturesque setting.<ref name="tourism"/> The temple complex, built in 1788, fell into disrepairs and was thoroughly renovated by the Birla Public Welfare Trust.<ref name="chattopadhyay"/>
* '''Kankaleshwari Mandir''' – the temple at Kanchanagar, has a deity resembling a human skeleton.<ref name="tourism"/> It is a navaratna temple with terracotta carvings. The idol is that of a six feet tall eight armed goddess [[Chamunda]].<ref name="chattopadhyay"/>
* '''Tomb of Khwaja Anwar Berh''' -  the tomb of the Mughal warrior, buried at Poddarhat in 1315 Hijri, is a fine example of Mughal architecture.<ref name="chattopadhyay"/><ref name="tourism"/>
* '''Shershahi Kalo Masjid'''- the mosque in the Puratan Chak (Payrakhana Road) area was built during the reign of [[Sher Shah Suri]].<ref name="chattopadhyay"/>
* '''Shahi Jumma Masjid'''- the mosque with three minarets is a historical structure erected behind the Rajbati by [[Azim-ush-Shan]], grandson of [[Aurangzeb]] and then [[subahdar]] of Bengal, Bihar and Odisha.<ref name="chattopadhyay"/><ref name="tourism"/>
* '''Burdwan Science Centre'''- a high standard science museum near the university campus.<ref name="tourism"/>
* '''Meghnad Saha Planetarium'''- inaugurated in 1994, the main instrument was a gift from the Government of Japan to the University of Burdwan. The second planetarium in the state, built to international standards, it is named after the Indian scientist [[Meghnad Saha]]. Located near Golapbag, it has arrangement for six shows daily with 90 seats in each show. It is closed on Mondays.<ref name="chattopadhyay"/><ref name="tourism"/>
* '''Birhata Kalibari (Boro Maa)''': The temple of 10 feet sculpture of goddess Kali made up of touchstone. The goddess is known locally as Boro Maa. The locality had been named after this temple as Kali Bazar. The temple has two parts bisected by a lane. One part contains Kali Mandir and the other, Durga Mandir.
* '''Christ Church''': [[Christ Church Bardhaman]] is a very church in Bardhaman near "Curzon Gate".
* '''Town Hall''' : The Town Hall was built sometime between 1890 and 1894 and was handed to the Municipality of Bardhaman to help them preserve the remnants of Lala Bansogopal Nandey.<ref>{{cite web |title=Burdwan Municipality |url=http://burdwanmunicipality.gov.in/ |access-date=11 April 2021}}</ref> The municipality board restored the hall in 1990 to its present form of 2400 square feet from its earlier form of 704 square feet with a seating capacity of 485 seats.<ref>{{cite web |title=Town Hall, Bardhaman |url=https://www.trawel.co.in/city/Bardhaman/town-hall-bardhaman |website=Trawel |access-date=11 April 2021}}</ref>


File:Nabaratna Kankaleshwari Temple at Kanchannagar in Purba Bardhaman District In West Bengal 09.jpg|Kankaleswari Temple at Kanchannagar
==References==
{{Reflist}}


File:Bardhamaneswar Temple, s Shiva temple in Bardhaman 08.jpg|Bardhamaneswar Shiva Temple
==External links==


File:Nabaratna Sarbamangala temple at Bardhaman Town in Purba Bardhaman district of West Bengal 04.jpg|Sarbamangala Temple


File:Tomb of Sher Afgan Khan 14.jpg|Tombs of Sher Afghan and Qutubuddin Koka
* [https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V09_108.gif ''Burdwan Town'', The Imperial Gazetteer of India, 1909, v. 9, p. 102.]
* [http://bardhaman.gov.in/ Official website of Bardhaman District]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20190506174040/http://nregsburdwan.com/ Official website of MGNREGS Cell, Bardhaman District]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090415041615/http://bardhamanutsav.net/ Bardhaman Utsav (Annual cultural programme of Bardhaman)]
* [http://www.burdwanmunicipality.gov.in/ Bardhaman Municipality]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090120171314/http://bardhamandarshan.org/ Bardhaman darshan (Official tourism website)]


File:Burdwan Church 14 06 2012.jpg|Christ Church
{{Bardhaman District}}
 
{{Temple towns in West Bengal}}
File:Nawab Bari 6.jpg|Nawab Bari in Ward No. 17
{{Municipalities of West Bengal}}
 
{{Bardhaman topics}}
File:Meghnad Saha Planetorium.jpg|Meghnad Saha Planetorium
{{Authority control}}
 
File:Bardhaman (Burdwan) University campus 16.jpg|Golap Bagh Rajbati, now Burdwan University campus
 
File:Bardhaman Science Centre - Bardhaman 1994-01-09 23.png|Bardhaman Science Centra
 
File:Bardhaman Arcade.jpg| Shopping Mall: Bardhaman Arcade
 
File:Bardhaman junction station 04.jpg|Bardhaman Junction station
</gallery>
 
== References ==
{{Reflist}}


{{Purba Bardhaman District}}
{{West Bengal}}
{{Purba Bardhaman topics}}


[[Category:Bardhaman| ]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Purba Bardhaman district]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Purba Bardhaman district]]
[[Category:Purba Bardhaman district]]
[[Category:History of Bengal]]

Revision as of 05:38, 22 July 2023

This article is about the municipality in West Bengal, India. For other uses, see Bardhaman (disambiguation).
Bardhaman
Burdwan
City
Bajeprotappur, Burdwan
Burdwan City at night
Nickname: 
Royal Heritage City of West Bengal
Bardhaman is located in India
Bardhaman
Bardhaman
Bardhaman is located in Asia
Bardhaman
Bardhaman
Coordinates: 23°14′N 87°52′E / 23.233°N 87.867°E / 23.233; 87.867
Country India
StateFile:..West Bengal Flag(INDIA).png West Bengal
DistrictPurba Bardhaman
Government
 • TypeMunicipality
 • Body
  • Bardhaman Municipality
  • Burdwan Development Authority
 • ChairmanParesh Chandra Sarkar[1]
 • Vidhan Sabha MLANo. 260 Bardhaman Dakshin: Khokan Das (AITC)
 • Lok Sabha MPNo. 39 Bardhaman–Durgapur: S. S. Ahluwalia (BJP)
Area
[2]
 • City26.30 km2 (10.15 sq mi)
 • Metro
[3]
157.62 km2 (60.86 sq mi)
Elevation
30 m (100 ft)
Population
 (2011)[4]
 • City347,016
 • Density13,000/km2 (34,000/sq mi)
 • Metro
[3]
407,000
Languages
 • OfficialBengali[5][6]
 • Additional officialEnglish[6]
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
713101, 713102, 713103, 713104 713141,713149.
Telephone code+91-342
Vehicle registrationWB-42
Websiteburdwanmunicipality.gov.in

Bardhaman (/ˈbɔːrdəˌmɑːn/, Bengali: [ˈbɔrˌd̪ʱo.man]), officially Bardhaman Sadar, is a city and municipality in the state of West Bengal, India. It is the headquarters of Purba Bardhaman district, having become a district capital during the period of British rule. Burdwan, an alternative name for the city, has remained in use since then.

Etymology

The history of Burdwan is known from about 5000 BC (the Mesolithic or Late Stone Age).[citation needed] The origin of this name dates back to the sixth century BCE and is ascribed to Vardhamāna or Mahāvīra (599-527 BCE), the 24th Tīrthāṅkara of Jainism, who spent some time in Astikagrama, according to the Jain scripture of Kalpa Sūtra. This place was renamed as Vardhamana in his honour.

History

During the period of Jahangir this place was named Badh-e-dewan (district capital). The city owes its historical importance to being the headquarters of the Maharajas of Burdwan, the premier noblemen of lower Bengal, whose rent-roll was upwards of 300,000. Bardhaman Raj was founded in 1657 by Sangam Rai, of a Hindu Khatri family of Kotli in Lahore, Punjab, whose descendants served in turn the Mughal Emperors and the British government. The East Indian Railway from Howrah was opened in 1855. The great prosperity of the raj was due to the excellent management of Maharaja Mahtab Chand (died 1879), whose loyalty to the government especially during the "Hul" (Santhal rebellion) of 1855-56 and the Indian rebellion of 1857 was rewarded with the grant of a coat of arms in 1868 and the right to a personal salute of 13 guns in 1877. Maharaja Bijaychand Mahtab (born 1881), who succeeded his adoptive father in 1888, earned great distinction by the courage with which he risked his life to save that of Sir Andrew Fraser, the lieutenant-governor of Bengal, on the occasion of the attempt to assassinate him made by freedom fighters of Bengal on 7 November 1908.[7]

Mahtab Chand Bahadur and later Bijoy Chand Mahtab struggled their best to make this region culturally, economically and ecologically healthier. The chief educational institution was the Burdwan Raj College, which was entirely supported out of the maharaja's estate. Sadhak Kamalakanta as composer of devotional songs and Kashiram Das as a poet and translator of the great Mahabharata were possibly the best products of such an endeavour. Pratap Chandra Roy was the publisher of the first translation in the world to translate Mahabharata in English (1883–1896).[8] The society at large also continued to gain the fruits. We find, among others, the great rebel poet Kazi Nazrul Islam and Kala-azar-famed U. N. Brahmachari as the relatively recent illustrious sons of this soil. Batukeshwar Dutt an Indian revolutionary and independence fighter in the early 1900s was born on 18 November 1910 in a village Oari in Burdwan district. He is best known for having exploded a few bombs, along with Bhagat Singh, in the Central Legislative Assembly in New Delhi on 8 April 1929. The city became an important centre of North-Indian classical music as well.

Geography

Lua error in Module:OSM_Location_map at line 1984: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).

Location

The region has an average elevation of 40 metres (131 ft). The city is situated 1100 km from New Delhi and a little less than 100 km north-west of Kolkata on the Grand Trunk Road (National Highway 19) and Eastern Railway. The chief rivers are the Damodar and the Banka.[9]

The first epigraphic reference to the name of this place occurs in a sixth-century AD copper plate found in Mallasarul village under Galsi Police Station. Archeological evidences suggest that this region, forming a major part of Radh Bengal, could be traced even back to 4000 BCE.

Map of purba bardhaman district

Police stations

Burdwan police station has jurisdiction over Bardhaman municipal area and Burdwan I and Burdwan II CD Blocks. The area covered is 192.15 km2. There are out posts at Barabazar, Muradpur, Keshabganj, Nutanganj and Birhata.2[10][11]

Women police station Burdwan has jurisdiction over Bardhaman municipal area and Burdwan I and Burdwan II CD Blocks. The area covered is 192.15 km.[10][11]

Demographics

Religion in Bardhaman[12]
Religion Percent
Hinduism
 
 83.42%
Islam
 
 14.88%
Not stated
 
 1.19%
Christianity
 
 0.19%
Others
 
 0.32%
Historical population
YearPop.±%
1951 76,000—    
1961 109,000+43.4%
1971 144,000+32.1%
1981 170,000+18.1%
1991 246,000+44.7%
2001 287,000+16.7%
2011 347,016+20.9%
Source: [13]

In the 2011 census, Bardhaman Urban Agglomeration had a population of 347,016, out of which 177,055 were males and 169,961 were females. 25,069 people were between the ages of 0–6 years. Effective literacy rate for the 7+ population was 88.62%.[4]

See also: List of cities in West Bengal

Climate

The Köppen Climate Classification sub-type for this climate is "Aw" (tropical savanna climate).

Climate data for Burdwan, India
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 26.0
(78.8) 		27.5
(81.5) 		34.5
(94.1) 		37.4
(99.4) 		32.6
(90.7) 		34.9
(94.9) 		32
(90) 		32.3
(90.1) 		32.4
(90.3) 		32.0
(89.6) 		28.0
(82.4) 		26.0
(78.8) 		31.32
(88.38)
Average low °C (°F) 12.0
(53.6) 		15
(59) 		20
(68) 		24.9
(76.8) 		25.9
(78.6) 		26.0
(78.8) 		25
(77) 		25
(77) 		25
(77) 		24.7
(76.5) 		17.5
(63.5) 		12.5
(54.5) 		21
(70)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 18
(0.7) 		38
(1.5) 		33
(1.3) 		48
(1.9) 		130
(5) 		240
(9.6) 		350
(13.7) 		310
(12.3) 		290
(11.4) 		160
(6.2) 		28
(1.1) 		5.1
(0.2) 		1,650
(64.9)
Average rainy days 4 3 4 6 10 18 23 22 18 11 3 1 123
Source: Weather2[14]

Culture

Burdwan has a multi-cultural heritage. The deuls (temples of rekha type) found here are reminiscent of Bengali Hindu architecture. The old temples bear signs of Hinduism, mostly belonging to the Sakta and Vaishnava followers.

The Kankaleswari Kali is also located in the city of Burdwan. Burdwan experienced and survived numerous violent conflicts, due to Mughal, Pashtun and Maratha invaders. The city of Bardhaman was visited by notables of the Delhi Sultanate from Raja Todarmal to Daud Karnani, from Sher Afghan and Kutub-ud-din to Ajimuswan to the future Mughal emperor Shah Jahan while he was still a rebel. Bardhaman also has a number of Bengali Christians, and although they are a minority, there are many churches in the city.

Foods

Transport

Road

  • The Grand Trunk Road runs across the city; NH 19 (old numbering NH 2) bypasses the city. South Bengal State Transport Corporation (SBSTC) and private operators operate buses from Arambag, Asansol, Baharampur, Bankura, Bolpur, Esplanade, Kirnahar, Purulia, Saltlake and Tarakeswar. It takes around 2–2.5 hours. Bardhaman is well connected by bus with numerous places all around. Most of the buses arrive and leave from Alisha Bus Stand and Nababhat Bus Stand. Burdwan also has a facility of bus service known as Town Service which connects different areas within the city.
  • Sadarghat Road also connects Bardhaman with Bankura (indirectly) and Hooghly (directly) district.

Rail

  • The main Howrah-Delhi rail track passes through Bardhaman, and the city is served by Bardhaman railway station. The Howrah Rajdhani Express (via Patna) has a scheduled stop at Bardhaman. One can take a local train from Howrah to reach in two hrs. One can also travel along the Sahibganj Loop, which branches off, one station after Bardhaman. The narrow gauge line to Katwa was upgraded to broad gauge in 2013, up to Balgona, which has been extended to Katwa.

Rickshaws

  • Cycle rickshaws and E-Rickshaws (Toto) are available for travel within the city.
  • Also available mini bus within city and surrounding. Intracity connector by SBSTC under JNNURM project has been provided.
  • Ola's bike service is also active in the city.

Education

University

The University of Burdwan was formally inaugurated on 15 June 1960 by Sukumar Sen, its first Vice-chancellor. It was after the abolition of the Zamindari system in the fifties that Uday Chand Mahtab, the last representative of the Burdwan Raj, left his entire property in Burdwan to the state government. This, coupled with the initiative of the then Chief Minister of West Bengal, Bidhan Chandra Roy, facilitated the establishment of this university. Presently, the administrative works are mostly done at the Rajbati (the palace of Barddhamana Maharaja) campus; on the other hand, academic activities centre on the Golapbag campus. With social responsibilities in mind, the university actively patronised the construction of a science centre and the Meghnad Saha Planetarium.

Colleges

Schools

Places of interest

  • Sarbamangala Temple
    Sarbamangala Temple
  • 108 Shiva Temple
    108 Shiva Temple
  • Hawa Mahal (Golapbag)
    Hawa Mahal (Golapbag)
  • Meghnad Saha Planetarium, Golapbag, Bardhaman
    Meghnad Saha Planetarium, Golapbag, Bardhaman
  • Christ Church
    Christ Church
  • Damodar River
    Damodar River
  • Curzon Gate
    Curzon Gate
  • Inside view of the palace of Burdwan Maharaja
    Inside view of the palace of Burdwan Maharaja
  • Science Centre
    Science Centre
  • Maa Kankaleshwari at her temple
    Maa Kankaleshwari at her temple
  • Mazar of Sufi Pir Baharam Sakka
    Mazar of Sufi Pir Baharam Sakka
  • Damodareshwar Shiva Temple, Damodarpally, Burdwan
    Damodareshwar Shiva Temple, Damodarpally, Burdwan
  • Burdwan Arcade
    Burdwan Arcade
  • Damodar River
    Damodar River
  • Curzon Gate – the Curzon Gate was built in 1902–1903, for the coronation of Maharaja Bijay Chand Mahatab. The former royal palace is located a kilometer from the gate.[15][16] The pomp and grandeur of Lord Curzon's visit to Bardhaman in 1904 established the name of the gate as Curzon Gate. It is also known as Bijay Toran.[15][17]
  • Tombs of Sher Afgan and Qutbuddin Khan Koka - Mehr-un-Nissa, then wife of Sher Afgan, jagirdar of Bardhaman, was once a resident of Bardhaman. It is said that the Mughal emperor Jahangir had fallen in love with her and was determined to marry her. He tried to get her with the help of his foster-brother and subahdar of Bengal, Qutbuddin Khan Koka. Sher Afgan died during a fight with Qutbuddin Khan Koka, who also was killed. Both were buried side by side at Bardhaman in 1607 (or 1610 according to some sources), in the same place as Pir Baharam Sikka, a Persian Sufi saint. Mehr-un-Nissa ultimately emerged as the Empress Nur Jahan.[18][19]
  • Rajbari – the palace of the Bardhaman Raj family, was built by Mahatabchand in the 19th century, at a site that is earlier believed to have a Mughal fort. The Rajbari was built by the Kolkata-based Burn and Company. The main hall has many valuable paintings.[17] Uday Chand Mahtab handed over the Rajbati to the state government. It now houses the administrative offices of the University of Burdwan.[20]
  • Golapbag, Ramna Bagan and Deer Park – Golapbag was developed as a botanical and zoological garden in the 19th century. It contained lakes for boating and Hawa Mahal. Several academic sections of the University of Burdwan are located there. Ramna Bagan once had a Brahmo Samaj. It now has a deer park.[17]
  • Sarbamangala temple - the temple of Sarbamangala, the presiding deity of the Bardhaman Raj and believed to have been found on the sand-bed of the Damodar River.[19] It is a navaratna temple with a nata mandir that has a terracotta Durga panel.[17]
  • Bardhamaneswar Shiva temple - the Shiva temple has a huge idol.[19] Many believe that the Shiva lingam in the temple was established by Chand Sadagar of Manasamangal fame.[17]
  • Kamalakanta Kalibari - it is a Kali temple associated with the poet-devotee Sadhak Kamalakanta.[19]
  • 108 Shiva temple complex - the Shiva temple complex, constructed by Maharani Bishnu Kumari, at Nawabhat, near Bardhaman, has a picturesque setting.[19] The temple complex, built in 1788, fell into disrepairs and was thoroughly renovated by the Birla Public Welfare Trust.[17]
  • Kankaleshwari Mandir – the temple at Kanchanagar, has a deity resembling a human skeleton.[19] It is a navaratna temple with terracotta carvings. The idol is that of a six feet tall eight armed goddess Chamunda.[17]
  • Tomb of Khwaja Anwar Berh - the tomb of the Mughal warrior, buried at Poddarhat in 1315 Hijri, is a fine example of Mughal architecture.[17][19]
  • Shershahi Kalo Masjid- the mosque in the Puratan Chak (Payrakhana Road) area was built during the reign of Sher Shah Suri.[17]
  • Shahi Jumma Masjid- the mosque with three minarets is a historical structure erected behind the Rajbati by Azim-ush-Shan, grandson of Aurangzeb and then subahdar of Bengal, Bihar and Odisha.[17][19]
  • Burdwan Science Centre- a high standard science museum near the university campus.[19]
  • Meghnad Saha Planetarium- inaugurated in 1994, the main instrument was a gift from the Government of Japan to the University of Burdwan. The second planetarium in the state, built to international standards, it is named after the Indian scientist Meghnad Saha. Located near Golapbag, it has arrangement for six shows daily with 90 seats in each show. It is closed on Mondays.[17][19]
  • Birhata Kalibari (Boro Maa): The temple of 10 feet sculpture of goddess Kali made up of touchstone. The goddess is known locally as Boro Maa. The locality had been named after this temple as Kali Bazar. The temple has two parts bisected by a lane. One part contains Kali Mandir and the other, Durga Mandir.
  • Christ Church: Christ Church Bardhaman is a very church in Bardhaman near "Curzon Gate".
  • Town Hall : The Town Hall was built sometime between 1890 and 1894 and was handed to the Municipality of Bardhaman to help them preserve the remnants of Lala Bansogopal Nandey.[21] The municipality board restored the hall in 1990 to its present form of 2400 square feet from its earlier form of 704 square feet with a seating capacity of 485 seats.[22]

References

  1. ↑ "Burdwan Municipality". www.burdwanmunicipality.gov.in. Retrieved 30 December 2020.
  2. ↑ "Burdwan Municipality - Area of Populations". burdwanmunicipality.gov.in. Retrieved 24 November 2020.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Burdwan Development Authority". www.bdaburdwan.org. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above" (PDF). Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011. Retrieved 21 October 2011.
  5. ↑ "52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India" (PDF). Nclm.nic.in. Ministry of Minority Affairs. p. 85. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 28 August 2019.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Fact and Figures". Wb.gov.in. Retrieved 28 August 2019.
  7. ↑  One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Burdwan". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 811.
  8. ↑ Kisari Mohan Ganguli tr. (1883). "Translator's Preface". The Mahabharata Book 1: Adi Parva. p. xii.
  9. ↑ "Maps, Weather, and Airports for Barddhaman, India". fallingrain.com. Retrieved 25 July 2016.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 "District Statistical Handbook 2014 Bardhaman". Tables 2.1, 2.2. Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal. Archived from the original on 21 January 2019. Retrieved 23 September 2018.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 "Purba Bardhaman District Police". Police Station. West Bengal Police. Archived from the original on 27 September 2018. Retrieved 23 September 2018.
  12. ↑ "C-1 Population By Religious Community - Bardhaman (M)". Retrieved 17 August 2020.
  13. ↑ "Barddhaman, India Metro Area Population 1950-2020".
  14. ↑ "Weather2". Weather2. 2013. Retrieved on 6 October 2013.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 "Census of India 2011: District Census Handbook, Barddhaman, Series-20, Part-XIIB" (PDF). Motif. Diretorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. Retrieved 10 March 2017.
  16. ↑ "Curzon Gate, Bardhaman". Weekend Destinations. Holidify. Retrieved 10 March 2017.
  17. ↑ 17.00 17.01 17.02 17.03 17.04 17.05 17.06 17.07 17.08 17.09 17.10 Chattopadhyay, Akkori, Bardhaman Jelar Itihas O Lok Sanskriti (History and Folk lore of Bardhaman District.), (in Bengali), Vol II, pages 565-576, Radical Impression. ISBN 81-85459-36-3
  18. ↑ Ghosh, Binoy, Paschim Banger Sanskriti, (in Bengali), part I, 1976 edition, pages 103-104, Prakash Bhaban
  19. ↑ 19.00 19.01 19.02 19.03 19.04 19.05 19.06 19.07 19.08 19.09 "Purba Bardhaman district". Tourism. District Administration. Retrieved 12 February 2019.
  20. ↑ "The University of Burdwan". History of Burdwan University. BU. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
  21. ↑ "Burdwan Municipality". Retrieved 11 April 2021.
  22. ↑ "Town Hall, Bardhaman". Trawel. Retrieved 11 April 2021.

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