Created by Anupamdutta73
Last edited March 27, 2026


This artilce is about the first election held in Independent India in 1951-52.

Presidential election

The Election Commission of India held the first presidential elections of India on May 2, 1952. Dr. Rajendra Prasad won his first election with 507,400 votes over his nearest rival K.T. Shah who got 92,827 votes.

General election

General elections to the first Lok Sabha since independence were held in India between 25 October 1951 and 21 February 1952. The Indian National Congress (INC) stormed into power, winning 364 of the 489 seats. Jawaharlal Nehru became the first democratically elected Prime Minister of the country.[1]

Legislative Assembly elections

Ajmer*

style="width:4px; background-color:#DDDDDD;" data-sort-value="Independent politician" |
e • d Summary of results of the 1952 Ajmer Legislative Assembly election [2]
Political Party Flag Seats
Contested
Won % of
Seats
Votes Vote %
Indian National Congress 30 20 66.67 1,04,411 44.47
style="background-color:Template:Bharatiya Jana Sangh/meta/color;" width=0.3em | Bharatiya Jana Sangh 15 3 10.00 28,057 11.95
style="background-color:Template:Pursharathi Panchayat/meta/color;" width=0.3em | Pursharathi Panchayat 6 3 10.00 15,781 7.72
Communist Party of India Error creating thumbnail: File missing 2 0 3,494 1.49
style="background-color:Template:Socialist Party (India)/meta/color;" width=0.3em | Socialist Party (India) 2 0 1,055 0.45
Independent 79 4 13.33 81,990 34.92
Total Seats 30 Voters 4,62,810 Turnout 2,34,788 (50.73 %)

* : On 1 November 1956, Ajmer State was merged into Rajasthan under States Reorganisation Act, 1956.[3]

Assam

style="width:4px; background-color:#DDDDDD;" data-sort-value="Independent politician" |
e • d Summary of results of the 1952 Assam Legislative Assembly election [4]
Political Party Flag Seats
Contested
Won % of
Seats
Votes Vote %
Indian National Congress 92 76 72.38 10,64,850 43.48
style="background-color:Template:Socialist Party/meta/color;" width=0.3em | Socialist Party 61 4 3.81 3,25,690 13.30
style="background-color:Template:Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party/meta/color;" width=0.3em | Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party 40 1 0.95 1,46,792 5.99
Communist Party of India Error creating thumbnail: File missing 18 1 0.95 69,431 2.84
Garo National Council 4 3 2.86 14,577 0.60
Khasi-Jaintia Durbar 4 1 0.95 24,248 0.99
All People's Party (Assam) 3 1 0.95 14,930 0.61
Mizo Union 3 3 2.86 29,104 1.19
Khasi Jaintia Federated State National Conference 1 1 0.95 9,441 0.39
Independent 213 14 13.33 6,93,908 28.34
Total Seats 105 Voters 49,55,390 Turnout 24,48,890 (49.42 %)

Bhopal*

style="width:4px; background-color:#DDDDDD;" data-sort-value="Independent politician" |
e • d Summary of results of the 1952 Bhopal Legislative Assembly election [5]
Political Party Flag Seats
Contested
Won % of
Seats
Votes Vote %
Indian National Congress 28 25 83.33 1,17,656 52.01
Akhil Bharatiya Hindu Mahasabha 9 1 3.33 31,684 14.01
Independent 32 4 13.33 51,736 22.87
Total Seats 30 Voters 6,10,182 Turnout 2,26,210 (37.07 %)

* : On 1 November 1956, Bhopal State was merged into Madhya Pradesh under States Reorganisation Act, 1956.[3] Bhopal states 1955

Bihar*

style="width:4px; background-color:#DDDDDD;" data-sort-value="Independent politician" |
e • d Summary of results of the 1952 Bihar Legislative Assembly election [6]
Political party Flag Seats
Contested
Won % of
Seats
Votes Vote %
Indian National Congress 322 239 72.42 39,51,145 41.38
style="background-color:Template:Socialist Party/meta/color;" width=0.3em | Socialist Party 266 23 6.97 17,29,750 18.11
style="background-color:Template:Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party/meta/color;" width=0.3em | Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party 98 1 0.30 2,68,416 2.81
Jharkhand Party 53 32 9.70 7,65,272 8.01
Chota Nagpur & Santhal Parganas Janta Party 38 11 3.33 3,01,691 3.16
Forward Bloc (Marxist Group) 34 1 0.30 1,07,386 1.12
Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad 29 1 0.30 60,360 0.63
Lok Sewak Sangh 12 7 2.12 1,48,921 1.56
All India Ganatantra Parishad 1 1 0.30 14,237 0.15
Independent 638 14 4.24 18,77,236 19.66
Total seats 330 Voters 2,41,65,389 Turnout 95,48,835 (39.51 %)

* : Bihar was reduced slightly by the transfer of minor territories to West Bengal in 1956 under States Reorganisation Act, 1956.[3]

Bombay*

style="width:4px; background-color:#DDDDDD;" data-sort-value="Independent politician" |
e • d Summary of results of the 1952 Bombay Legislative Assembly election [7]
Political party Flag Seats
Contested
Won % of
Seats
Votes Vote %
Indian National Congress 313 269 85.40 55,56,334 49.95
style="background-color:Template:Socialist Party/meta/color;" width=0.3em | Socialist Party 182 9 2.86 13,30,246 11.96
Peasants and Workers Party of India 87 14 4.44 7,17,963 6.45
Scheduled Caste Federation 37 1 0.32 3,44,718 3.10
style="background-color:Template:Kamgar Kisan Paksha/meta/color;" width=0.3em | Kamgar Kisan Paksha 33 2 0.63 2,48,130 2.23
Communist Party of India Error creating thumbnail: File missing 25 1 0.32 1,59,994 1.44
Krishikar Lok Party 16 1 0.32 1,07,408 0.97
Independent 427 18 5.71 19,17,574 17.24
Total seats 315 Voters 2,19,04,595 Turnout 1,11,23,242 (50.78 %)

*: On 1 November 1956, under States Reorganisation Act, 1956, Bombay state was re-organized by the addition of Saurashtra State and Kutch State, Nagpur Division of Madhya Pradesh, and Marathwada region of Hyderabad. The state's southernmost districts of Bombay were transferred to Mysore State while Abu Road taluka of the Banaskantha district was transferred to Rajasthan.[3]

Coorg*

Template:Coorg Legislative Assembly election, 1952

* : On 1 November 1956, Coorg State was merged into Mysore State as per the States Reorganisation Act, 1956.[3]

Delhi*

style="width:4px; background-color:#DDDDDD;" data-sort-value="Independent politician" |
e • d Summary of results of the 1952 Delhi Legislative Assembly election [8]
Political Party Flag Seats
Contested
Won % of
Seats
Votes Vote %
Indian National Congress 47 39 81.25 2,71,812 52.09
style="background-color:Template:Bharatiya Jana Sangh/meta/color;" width=0.3em | Bharatiya Jana Sangh 31 5 10.42 1,14,207 21.89
style="background-color:Template:Socialist Party (India)/meta/color;" width=0.3em | Socialist Party 6 2 4.17 12,396 2.38
Akhil Bharatiya Hindu Mahasabha 5 1 2.08 6,891 1.32
Independent 78 1 2.08 82,972 15.90
Total Seats 48 Voters 7,44,668 Turnout 5,21,766 (58.52 %)

* : On 1 November 1956, under States Reorganisation Act, 1956, Delhi was made a Union Territory under the direct administration of the President of India and the Delhi Legislative Assembly was abolished simultaneously.[3] Next legislative assembly elections in Delhi were held in 1993, when Union Territory of Delhi was formally declared as National Capital Territory of Delhi by the Sixty-ninth Amendment to the Indian constitution.[9]

Himachal Pradesh*

style="width:4px; background-color:#DDDDDD;" data-sort-value="Independent politician" |
e • d Summary of results of the 1952 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election [10]
Political party Flag Seats
Contested
Won % of
Seats
Votes Vote %
Indian National Congress 35 24 66.67 84,819 47.25
style="background-color:Template:Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party/meta/color;" width=0.3em | Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party 22 3 8.33 26,371 14.69
Scheduled Caste Federation 9 1 2.78 10,352 5.77
Independent 36 8 22.22 47,746 26.6
Total seats 36 Voters 7,13,554 Turnout 1,79,515 (25.16 %)

* : Under States Reorganisation Act, 1956, Himachal Pradesh became a Union Territory on 1 November 1956, under the direct administration of the President of India and the Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly was abolished simultaneously.[3] Under Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966, it became a state and the next legislative elections were held in 1967.

Hyderabad*

style="width:4px; background-color:#DDDDDD;" data-sort-value="Independent politician" |
e • d Summary of results of the 1952 Hyderabad Legislative Assembly election [11]
Political party Flag Seats
Contested
Won % of
Seats
Votes Vote %
Indian National Congress 173 93 53.14 21,77,716 41.86
style="background-color:Template:Socialist Party/meta/color;" width=0.3em | Socialist Party 97 11 6.29 5,90,209 11.35
People's Democratic Front 77 42 24.00 10,80,092 20.76
Scheduled Castes Federation 24 5 2.86 2,66,482 5.12
Peasants and Workers Party of India 21 10 5.71 2,15,992 4.15
Independent 136 14 8.00 7,58,318 14.58
Total seats 175 Voters 1,21,14,635 Turnout 52,02,214 (42.94 %)

* : On 1 November 1956, Hyderabad State, except the districts of Raichur, Gulbarga, Bidar and Marathwada, was merged into Andhra State to form a single state, Andhra Pradesh, under States Reorganisation Act, 1956. The districts of Raichur, Bidar and Gulbarga were transferred to the Mysore State, while the Marathwada districts was merged with the Bombay State.[3]

Madhya Bharat*

Template:Madhya Bharat Legislative Assembly election, 1952

* : On 1 November 1956, under States Reorganisation Act, 1956, Madhya Bharat (except the Sunel enclave of the Mandsaur district) was merged into Madhya Pradesh and the Sunel enclave of the Mandsaur district of Madhya Bharat was merged in Rajasthan.[3]

Madhya Pradesh*

style="width:4px; background-color:#DDDDDD;" data-sort-value="Independent politician" |
e • d Summary of results of the 1952 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election [12]
Political party Flag Seats
Contested
Won % of
Seats
Votes Vote %
Indian National Congress 225 194 83.62 34,34,058 49.07
style="background-color:Template:Socialist Party/meta/color;" width=0.3em | Socialist Party 143 2 0.86 6,61,874 9.46
style="background-color:Template:Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party/meta/color;" width=0.3em | Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party 71 8 3.45 3,65,371 5.22
Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad 35 3 1.29 1,75,324 2.51
S. K. Paksha 19 2 0.86 1,01,670 1.45
Independent 469 23 9.91 16,01,565 22.89
Total seats 232 Voters 1,55,13,592 Turnout 69,97,588 (45.11 %)

* : On 1 November 1956, under States Reorganisation Act, 1956, Madhya Bharat (except the Sunel enclave of the Mandsaur district), Vindhya Pradesh, Bhopal state and the Sironj sub-division of the Kota district of Rajasthan were merged into Madhya Pradesh while the Nagpur Division was transferred to Bombay State.[3]

Madras*

Template:Madras Legislative Assembly election, 1952

* : On 1 November 1956, the southern part of Travancore-Cochin (Kanyakumari district) was added to the Madras State while the Malabar district of the state was transferred to the new state of Kerala, and a new union territory, Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Islands, was created.[3]

Mysore*

style="width:4px; background-color:#DDDDDD;" data-sort-value="Independent politician" |
e • d Summary of results of the 1952 Mysore Legislative Assembly election [13]
Political party Flag Seats
Contested
Won % of
Seats
Votes Vote %
Indian National Congress 99 74 74.75 12,76,318 46.35
style="background-color:Template:Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party/meta/color;" width=0.3em | Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party 59 8 8.08 3,91,653 14.22
style="background-color:Template:Socialist Party/meta/color;" width=0.3em | Socialist Party 47 3 3.03 240390 8.73
Scheduled Caste Federation 7 2 2.02 47,916 1.74
Communist Party of India Error creating thumbnail: File missing 5 1 1.01 25,116 0.91
Independent 154 11 11.11 7,10,359 25.79
Total seats 99 Voters 54,66,487 Turnout 27,53,870 (50.38 %)

* : On 1 November 1956, Mysore state was enlarged by the addition of Coorg State, the Kollegal taluk of the Coimbatore district and the South Kanara district (except the Kasaragod taluk) of Madras State, and the Kannada speaking districts from southern Bombay state and western Hyderabad State under States Reorganisation Act, 1956. The Siruguppa taluk, the Bellary taluk, the Hospet taluk and a small area of the Mallapuram sub-taluk were detached from the Mysore State.[3]

Orissa

Template:Orissa Legislative Assembly election, 1952

Patiala & East Punjab States Union

Template:Patiala & East Punjab States Union Legislative Assembly election, 1952

Punjab*

style="width:4px; background-color:#DDDDDD;" data-sort-value="Independent politician" |
e • d Summary of results of the 1952 Punjab Legislative Assembly election [14]
Political party Flag Seats
Contested
Won % of
Seats
Votes Vote %
Indian National Congress 121 96 76.19 18,30,601 36.69
Shiromani Akali Dal 48 13 10.32 6,20,455 12.44
Zamindar Party 31 2 1.59 3,72,126 7.46
Communist Party of India Error creating thumbnail: File missing 26 4 3.17 1,93,974 3.89
Forward Bloc (Marxist Group) 19 1 0.79 69,694 1.40
Lal Communist Party Hind Union 9 1 0.79 57,739 1.16
Independent 446 9 7.14 11,92,896 23.91
Total seats 126 Voters 86,23,498 Turnout 49,89,077 (57.85 %)

* : Punjab was enlarged by the addition of Patiala & East Punjab States Union in 1956 under States Reorganisation Act of 1956.[3]

Rajasthan*

Template:Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election, 1952

* : On 1 November 1956, under States Reorganisation Act, 1956, the Ajmer State, the Abu Road taluk of the Banaskantha district of Bombay State, the Sunel enclave of the Mandsaur district and the Lohara sub-tehsil of the Hissar district of the Punjab was merged with Rajasthan while the Sironj sub-division of the Kota district of Rajasthan was transferred to Madhya Pradesh.[3]

Saurashtra*

Template:Saurashtra Legislative Assembly election, 1952

* : On 1 November 1956, Saurashtra State was merged into Bombay State as per the States Reorganisation Act, 1956.[3]

Travancore-Cochin$

Template:Travancore-Cochin Legislative Assembly election, 1952

$ : In 1952 elections of legislative assembly, no party found the majority. Indian National Congress formed a coalition government with the help of Travancore Tamil Nadu Congress, Kerala Socialist Party and a nominated member.[15]

Uttar Pradesh

Template:Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election, 1952

Vindhya Pradesh*

Template:Vindhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election, 1952

* : On 1 November 1956, Vindhya Pradesh was merged into Madhya Pradesh under States Reorganisation Act, 1956.[3]

West Bengal*

style="width:4px; background-color:#DDDDDD;" data-sort-value="Independent politician" |
e • d Summary of results of the 1952 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election [16]
Political party Flag Seats
Contested
Won % of
Seats
Votes Vote %
Indian National Congress 236 150 63.56 2,889,994 38.82
style="background-color:Template:Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party/meta/color;" width=0.3em | Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party 129 15 6.36 667,446 8.97
Communist Party of India Error creating thumbnail: File missing 86 28 11.86 800,951 10.76
style="background-color:Template:Bharatiya Jana Sangh/meta/color;" width=0.3em | Bharatiya Jana Sangh 85 9 3.81 415,458 5.58
Forward Bloc (Marxist Group) 48 11 4.66 393,591 5.29
Socialist Party 63 0 215,382 2.89
Akhil Bharatiya Hindu Mahasabha 33 4 1.69 1,76,762 2.37
Forward Bloc (Ruikar) 32 2 0.85 1,07,905 1.45
Revolutionary Socialist Party 16 0 63,173 0.85
Revolutionary Communist Party of India (Tagore) 10 0 32,859 0.44
Bolshevik Party of India 8 0 20117 0.27
Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad 14 0 7,100 0.10
Independent 614 19 8.05 1,653,165 22.21
Total seats 238 Voters 17,628,239 Turnout 7,443,903 (42.23 %)

* : West Bengal was enlarged slightly by the transfer of minor territories from Bihar in 1956 under States Reorganisation Act, 1956.[3]

See also

References

  1. Dieter Nohlen, Florian Grotz & Christof Hartmann (2001) Elections in Asia: A data handbook, Volume I, p572 ISBN 0-19-924958-X
  2. "Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 : To the Legislative Assembly of Ajmer" (PDF). Election Commission of India. Retrieved 2014-10-13.
  3. 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 "Reorganisation of States, 1955" (PDF). The Economic Weekly. October 15, 1955. Retrieved July 25, 2015.
  4. "Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 : To the Legislative Assembly of Assam" (PDF). Election Commission of India. Retrieved 2014-10-13.
  5. "Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 : To the Legislative Assembly of Bhopal" (PDF). Election Commission of India. Retrieved 2014-10-13.
  6. "Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 : To the Legislative Assembly of Bihar" (PDF). Election Commission of India. Retrieved 2014-10-14.
  7. "Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 : To the Legislative Assembly of Bombay" (PDF). Election Commission of India. Retrieved 2014-10-14.
  8. "Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 : To the Legislative Assembly of Delhi" (PDF). Election Commission of India. Retrieved 2014-03-11.
  9. "Sixty-ninth amendment". Delhi Assembly official website. Retrieved 25 August 2016.
  10. "Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 : To the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh" (PDF). Election Commission of India. Retrieved 2014-10-14.
  11. "Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 : To the Legislative Assembly of Hyderabad" (PDF). Election Commission of India. Retrieved 2014-10-14.
  12. "Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 : To the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh" (PDF). Election Commission of India. Retrieved 2014-10-14.
  13. "Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 : To the Legislative Assembly of Mysore" (PDF). Election Commission of India. Retrieved 2014-10-14.
  14. "Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 : To the Legislative Assembly of Punjab" (PDF). Election Commission of India. Retrieved 2014-10-14.
  15. Chander, N. Jose (2004). Coalition Politics: The Indian Experience. Concept Publishing Company. p. 74. ISBN 9788180690921.
  16. "Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 : To the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal" (PDF). Election Commission of India. Retrieved 2014-10-14.

External links