National Democratic Alliance | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Abbreviation | NDA |
| Lok Sabha leader | Narendra Modi (Prime Minister) |
| Rajya Sabha leader | J. P. Nadda |
| Founder | |
| Founded | 15 May 1998 |
| Ideology |
|
| Political position |
|
| Alliance | 39 parties |
| Seats in Lok Sabha | 292 / 543 |
| Seats in Rajya Sabha | 138 / 245 |
| Seats in State Legislative Councils | 224 / 423 |
| Seats in State Legislative Assemblies | 2,315 / 4,126 |
| Number of states and union territories in government | 21 / 31 |
| Part of a series on |
| Bharatiya Janata Party |
|---|
| File:BJP flag.svg |
| About |
| Committees |
| Frontals |
The National Democratic Alliance (NDA; ISO: Rāṣṭrīya Lokatāntrik Gaṭhabandhan) is an Indian multi-party political alliance, led by the country's biggest political party, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).[9] It was founded on 15 May 1998.[10] It currently has a majority in both the Rajya Sabha and the Lok Sabha, and controls the Government of India as well as the governments of 19 out of 28 Indian states and 2 out of 3 Union territories with legislative assemblies.
Its first chairman was then Prime Minister of India, Atal Bihari Vajpayee, who served from 1998 until 2004. L. K. Advani, the former Deputy Prime Minister, took over as chairman in 2004 and served until 2014. Amit Shah has been the chairman since 2014.
The NDA controlled a majority in the Indian Parliament from 1998 to 2004. The alliance returned to power in the 2014 general elections with a combined vote share of 38.5%.[11] BJP leader, Narendra Modi, was sworn in as Prime Minister of India on 26 May 2014, his party having won 282 of the 520 seats in the lower house. In the 2019 general election, the alliance further increased its tally to 353 seats with a combined vote share of 45.43%.[12] The alliance lost 60 seats in the 2024 general election, but retained sufficient seats to form a coalition government. On 7 June 2024, Modi confirmed the support of 293 MPs to President Droupadi Murmu; he was then asked by her to form a government.[13] This marked Modi's third term as Prime Minister and his first time heading a coalition government,[14] with the Telugu Desam Party of Andhra Pradesh and Janata Dal (United) of Bihar emerging as two main allies.[15][16][17]
History[edit | edit source]
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The NDA was formed in May 1998 as a coalition to contest the general elections. The main aim of the NDA was to form an anti-Indian National Congress coalition. It was led by the BJP, and included several regional parties, including the Samata Party and the AIADMK, as well as Shiv Sena, but Shiv Sena broke away from the alliance in 2019 to join the Maha Vikas Aghadi with Congress and the NCP. Samata Party also broke away from the alliance in 2003 after formation of Janta Dal (United). The Shiv Sena was the only member which shared the Hindutva ideology of the BJP.[18][19]
After the election, it was able to muster a slim majority with outside support from the Telugu Desam Party, allowing Atal Bihari Vajpayee to return as prime minister.[20]
The government collapsed within a year because J. Jayalalithaa's AIADMK withdrew its support. After the entry of a few more regional parties, the NDA proceeded to win the 1999 elections with a larger majority. Vajpayee became Prime Minister for a third time, and this time served a full five-year term.[21]
The NDA then called elections in early 2004, six months ahead of schedule. Its campaign was based around the slogan of "India Shining" which attempted to depict the NDA government as responsible for a rapid economic transformation of the country. However, the NDA suffered a defeat, winning only a 186 seats in the lower house, the Lok Sabha, compared to 222 of the United Progressive Alliance led by the Congress. Manmohan Singh thus succeeded Vajpayee as prime minister, serving for ten years 2004-14. Commentators have argued that the NDA's defeat was due to a failure to reach out to the rural masses.[22][23] The political situation, however, changed again with the rise of NDA-aligned Gujarati Chief Minister, Narendra Modi, who went on to become India's Prime Minister following the NDA's success in the election of 2014.
Structure[edit | edit source]
The National Democratic Alliance does not have a formal governing structure such as an executive board or politburo. It has been up to the leaders of the individual parties to make decisions on issues such as sharing of seats in elections, allocation of ministries and other issues that arise in parliament or more broadly. Given the varied ideologies among the parties, there have been many cases of disagreement and split voting amongst the allies making up the Alliance.
Owing to ill health, George Fernandes, who was the NDA convener until 2008, was discharged of his responsibility and replaced by Sharad Yadav, the then national president of the JD(U) political party. On 16 June 2013, the JD(U) left the coalition and Sharad Yadav resigned from the role of the NDA convener. Then the Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh N. Chandrababu Naidu was made the NDA convener.[24] Later in 2018, after the withdrawal of TDP from NDA the post of convenor was vacant. However NDA allies like LJP demanded the appointment of a convenor in 2019 for better coordination of the allies.[25]
On 27 July 2017, JD(U) with the help of BJP formed the government in Bihar. Later, on 19 August 2017, JD(U) formally rejoined the NDA after 4 years.[26]
List of Chairmen
- Atal Bihari Vajpayee - 1998 to 2004.
- L. K. Advani - 2004 to 2014.
- Amit Shah - 2014 to date.
List of convenors
- George Fernandes - 1998 to 2008.
- Sharad Yadav - 2008 to 2013.
- N. Chandrababu Naidu - 2013 to 2018.
Strength in parliament[edit | edit source]
State/UT wise MPS[edit | edit source]
| State/UT | Seats | BJP | NDA Allies | Overall Tally | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LS | RS | LS | RS | Party | LS | RS | |||
| States | |||||||||
| Andhra Pradesh | 25 | 11 | 3 | 1 | TDP | 16 | 2 | 21 / 25 3 / 11
| |
| Janasena Party | 2 | 0 | |||||||
| Arunachal Pradesh | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | None | 2 / 2 1 / 1
| |||
| Assam | 14 | 7 | 9 | 4 | Asom Gana Parishad | 1 | 1 | 11 / 14 6 / 7
| |
| United People's Party Liberal | 1 | 1 | |||||||
| Bihar | 40 | 16 | 12 | 5 | JD(U) | 12 | 4 | 30 / 40 10 / 16
| |
| Lok Janshakti Party | 5 | 0 | |||||||
| Hindustani Awam Morcha | 1 | 0 | |||||||
| Rashtriya Lok Morcha | 0 | 1 | |||||||
| Chhattisgarh | 11 | 5 | 10 | 1 | None |
1 / 5 10 / 11
| |||
| Goa | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | None | 1 / 2 1 / 1
| |||
| Gujarat | 26 | 11 | 25 | 10 | None | 10 / 11 25 / 26 | |||
| Haryana | 10 | 5 | 5 | 4 | Independent | 0 | 1 | 5 / 5 5 / 10 | |
| Himachal Pradesh | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 | None | 4 / 4 3 / 3
| |||
| Jharkhand | 14 | 6 | 8 | 3 | All Jharkhand Students Union | 1 | 0 | 3 / 6 9 / 14 | |
| Karnataka | 28 | 12 | 17 | 6 | Janata Dal | 2 | 1 | 7 / 12 19 / 28 | |
| Kerala | 20 | 9 | 1 | 0 | None | 0 / 9 1 / 20 | |||
| Madhya Pradesh | 29 | 11 | 29 | 8 | None | 8 / 11 29 / 29 | |||
| Maharashtra | 48 | 19 | 9 | 7 | Shiv Sena | 7 | 1 | 12 / 19 17 / 48 | |
| Nationalist Congress Party | 1 | 3 | |||||||
| RPI(A) | 0 | 1 | |||||||
| Manipur | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | None | 1 / 1 0 / 2
| |||
| Meghalaya | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | NPP | 1 | 0 | 1 / 1 0 / 2
| |
| Mizoram | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | None | 0 / 1 0 / 1
| |||
| Nagaland | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | None | 1 / 1 0 / 1
| |||
| Odisha | 21 | 10 | 20 | 3 | None | 3 / 10 20 / 21
| |||
| Punjab | 13 | 7 | 0 | 0 | None | 0 / 7 0 / 13
| |||
| Rajasthan | 25 | 10 | 14 | 5 | None | 5 / 10 14 / 25
| |||
| Sikkim | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | Sikkim Krantikari Morcha | 1 | 0 | 1 / 1 1 / 1
| |
| Tamil Nadu | 39 | 18 | 0 | 0 | AIADMK | 0 | 5 | 5 / 18 0 / 39
| |
| Tamil Maanila Congress | 0 | 1 | |||||||
| Telengana | 17 | 7 | 8 | 0 | None | 0 / 7 8 / 17
| |||
| Tripura | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | None | 1 / 1 2 / 2
| |||
| Uttar Pradesh | 80 | 31 | 33 | 24 | RLD | 2 | 1 | 25 / 31 36 / 80 | |
| Apna Dal | 1 | 0 | |||||||
| Uttarakhand | 5 | 3 | 5 | 3 | None | 3 / 3 5 / 5 | |||
| West Bengal | 42 | 16 | 12 | 2 | None | 2 / 16 12 / 42
| |||
| Union Territories | |||||||||
| Andaman and Nicobar Islands | 1 | 1 | None | 1 / 1
| |||||
| Chandigarh | 1 | 0 | None | 0 / 1
| |||||
| Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu | 2 | 1 | None | 1 / 2
| |||||
| Delhi | 7 | 3 | 7 | 0 | None | 7 / 7 0 / 3
| |||
| Jammu and Kashmir | 5 | 4 | 2 | 1 | None | 2 / 5 1 / 4
| |||
| Ladakh | 1 | 0 | None | 0 / 1
| |||||
| Lakshadweep | 1 | 0 | None | 0 / 1
| |||||
| Puducherry | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | None | 0 / 1 1 / 1
| |||
| Nominated | 12 | 5 | Nom | 7 | 12 / 12
| ||||
| Total | 543 | 245 | 240 | 103 | Allies | 53 | 30 | 293 / 543 133 / 245
| |
Governments[edit | edit source]
The BJP has previously been the sole party in power in Jharkhand. It has also ruled Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab as part of coalition and alliance governments.
The NDA has never been in power in 3 states – Kerala, Telangana (between 1999 and 2004 BJP in alliance with TDP ruled a United Andhra Pradesh), and West Bengal. But BJP led NDA has ruled many local governing institutions including corporations, municipalities, panchayats and has also been elected to many Lok Sabha constituencies, state assembly constituencies and local body divisions and wards in these 3 states.
List of current NDA governments[edit | edit source]
| S.No | State/UT | NDA Govt since | Chief Minister | Alliance Partners | Seats | Last election | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Party | Seats | Since | ||||||||
| 1 | Andhra Pradesh (list) |
12 June 2024 | N. Chandrababu Naidu | TDP | 135 | 12 June 2024 | Janasena Party (21) | 164/175 | 4 June 2024 | ||
| BJP (8) | |||||||||||
| 3 | Assam (list) |
19 May 2016 | Himanta Biswa Sarma | BJP | 64 | 10 May 2021 | Asom Gana Parishad (9) | 86/126 | 2 May 2021 | ||
| United People's Party Liberal (7) | |||||||||||