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Last edited February 6, 2026


Second Modi ministry

25th Ministry of the Republic of India
Date formed30 May 2019
Date dissolved9 June 2024
People and organisations
PresidentRam Nath Kovind (until 25 July 2022)
Droupadi Murmu (from 25 July 2022)
Prime MinisterNarendra Modi
No. of ministers27 cabinet ministers
3 ministers of state (Independent Charge)
42 ministers of state
Total no. of members94
Member parties  National Democratic Alliance
Former
Status in legislatureMajority
Opposition partyNone[lower-alpha 1]
Opposition leaderNone[lower-alpha 2]
(Lok Sabha)
History
Election(s)2019
Outgoing election2024
Legislature term(s)5 years, 10 days
Budget(s)2019 Budget
2020 Budget
2021 Budget
2022 Budget
2023 Budget
2024 Budget (Interim)
Incoming formation17th Lok Sabha
Outgoing formation18th Lok Sabha
PredecessorFirst Modi ministry
SuccessorThird Modi ministry

The Second Modi ministry was the Council of Ministers headed by Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi that was formed after the 2019 general election which was held in seven phases from 11 April to 19 May 2019. The results of the election were announced on 23 May 2019 and this led to the formation of the 17th Lok Sabha. The oath ceremony was arranged in the forecourt of Rashtrapati Bhavan at Raisina Hill. The heads of the states of BIMSTEC countries were invited as guests of honor for this ceremony.

On 7 July 2021, the government went through a ministry expansion with several big names dropped and new faces sworn in. Many current ministers were also given promotion for their good work.[1]

Following the victory of the National Democratic Alliance in the 2024 general election, Prime Minister Modi and the council of ministers tendered their resignation to the President of India on 5 June 2024. However, they remained in office on caretaker basis until a new cabinet assumed office. On 9 June 2024, the new Cabinet of Third Modi ministry was sworn in with Modi again as Prime Minister.

History[edit | edit source]

The Second Modi ministry came into existence following the 2019 general election to the 17th Lok Sabha in which the Bharatiya Janata Party-led National Democratic Alliance emerged victorious winning 353 of the 543 seats of the Lok Sabha. On 31 May 2019, Narendra Modi was sworn-in as the Prime Minister for the second time by President Ram Nath Kovind along with his council of ministers. The council of ministers which was sworn-in into office on 31 May 2019 consisted of 24 ministers with cabinet rank, 9 ministers of state with independent charge, and 24 ministers of state.

On August 8, 2023, Gaurav Gogoi moved a no-confidence motion against the second Modi ministry in the Lok Sabha.[2][3] The government defeated the motion.[4]

Reshuffle and changes[edit | edit source]

Since the formation of the ministry in May 2019, the council of ministers had undergone several major and minor changes under various circumstances.

  • 12 November 2019: Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises Minister Arvind Sawant of Shiv Sena resigned from the cabinet after Shiv Sena's withdrawal from NDA. Prakash Javadekar was assigned the additional charge of his ministry.
  • 18 September 2020: Food Processing Industries Minister Harsimrat Kaur Badal of Shiromani Akali Dal resigned from the cabinet after Akali Dal's withdrawal from NDA in protest against three controversial farm laws. Narendra Singh Tomar was assigned the additional charge of the ministry.
  • 23 September 2020: Minister of State for Railways Suresh Angadi died due to COVID-19 complications.
  • 8 October 2020: Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution Minister Ram Vilas Paswan of Lok Janshakti Party died after short illness. Piyush Goyal was assigned the additional charge of his ministry.
  • 7 July 2021: A major cabinet reshuffle took place prior to which 12 ministers submitted their resignation. 15 ministers with cabinet rank and 27 ministers of state were inducted. Of the 15 cabinet ministers inducted, 7 ministers of state were promoted to cabinet rank.
  • 6 July 2022: Minority Affairs Minister Mukhtar Abbas Naqvi and Steel Minister Ramchandra Prasad Singh submitted their resignations prior to expiration of tenure as Rajya Sabha MPs. Smriti Irani was assigned the additional charge of Minority Affairs ministry while Jyotiraditya Scindia was assigned the charge of Steel ministry.
  • 18 May 2023: Law and Justice Minister Kiren Rijiju was appointed as Minister of Earth Sciences. Arjun Ram Meghwal was appointed as the Minister of State (Independent Charge) for Law and Justice, while S. P. Singh Baghel was appointed as the Minister of State for Health and Family Welfare.
  • 7 December 2023: Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare Minister Narendra Singh Tomar, Jal Shakti and Food Processing Industries Minister of State Prahlad Singh Patel, and Tribal Affairs Minister of State Renuka Singh Saruta resigned from the cabinet following their election to the state legislative assemblies; Tribal Affairs Minister Arjun Munda assigned additional charge of Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare ministry. Rajeev Chandrasekhar assigned additional charge as minister of state for Jal Shakti, Shobha Karandlaje as minister of state for Food Processing Industries, and Bharati Pawar as minister of state for Tribal Affairs.
  • 19 March 2024: Food Processing Industries Minister Pashupati Kumar Paras of Rashtriya Lok Janshakti Party resigned from the cabinet following seat-sharing disagreement; Earth Sciences Minister Kiren Rijiju assigned additional charge of the ministry.

List of ministers[edit | edit source]

Cabinet Ministers[edit | edit source]

Portfolio Minister Took office Left office Party Remarks
Prime Minister
Minister of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
Department of Atomic Energy
Department of Space
All important policy issues; and
All other portfolios not allocated to any Minister.
 Narendra Modi30 May 20199 June 2024BJP 
Minister of Defence Rajnath Singh31 May 20199 June 2024BJP 
Minister of Home Affairs Amit Shah31 May 20199 June 2024BJP 
Minister of Road Transport and Highways Nitin Gadkari31 May 20199 June 2024BJP 
Minister of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Nitin Gadkari31 May 20197 July 2021BJP 
 Narayan Rane7 July 20219 June 2024BJP 
Minister of Chemicals and Fertilizers D. V. Sadananda Gowda31 May 20197 July 2021BJP 
 Mansukh Mandaviya7 July 20219 June 2024BJP 
Minister of Finance
Minister of Corporate Affairs
 Nirmala Sitharaman31 May 20199 June 2024BJP 
Minister of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution Ram Vilas Paswan31 May 20198 October 2020LJPDied on 8 October 2020.
 Piyush Goyal9 October 20209 June 2024BJPAdditional charge following demise of Ram Vilas Paswan.
Minister of Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare Narendra Singh Tomar31 May 20197 December 2023BJPResigned.
 Arjun Munda7 December 20239 June 2024BJPAdditional charge following resignation of Narendra Singh Tomar.
Minister of Rural Development
Minister of Panchayati Raj
 Narendra Singh Tomar31 May 20197 July 2021BJP 
 Giriraj Singh7 July 20219 June 2024BJP 
Minister of Law and Justice Ravi Shankar Prasad31 May 20197 July 2021BJP 
 Kiren Rijiju7 July 202118 May 2023BJP 
 Arjun Ram Meghwal18 May 20239 June 2024BJPMinister of State (I/C) is responsible.
Minister of Communications
Minister of Electronics and Information Technology
 Ravi Shankar Prasad31 May 20197 July 2021BJP 
 Ashwini Vaishnaw7 July 20219 June 2024BJP 
Minister of Food Processing Industries Harsimrat Kaur Badal31 May 201918 September 2020SADResigned.
 Narendra Singh Tomar18 September 20207 July 2021BJPAdditional charge following resignation of Harsimrat Kaur Badal.
 Pashupati Kumar Paras7 July 202119 March 2024Rashtriya Lok Janshakti PartyResigned.
 Kiren Rijiju20 March 20249 June 2024BJPAdditional charge following resignation of Pashupati Kumar Paras.
Minister of Social Justice and Empowerment Thawar Chand Gehlot31 May 20197 July 2021BJP 
 Virendra Kumar Khatik7 July 20219 June 2024BJP 
Minister of External Affairs S. Jaishankar31 May 20199 June 2024BJP 
Minister of Human Resource Development Ramesh Pokhriyal31 May 201929 July 2020BJPRenamed as Ministry of Education.
Minister of Education Ramesh Pokhriyal29 July 20207 July 2021BJP 
 Dharmendra Pradhan7 July 20219 June 2024BJP 
Minister of Tribal Affairs Arjun Munda31 May 20199 June 2024BJP 
Minister of Women and Child Development Smriti Irani31 May 20199 June 2024BJP 
Minister of Textiles Smriti Irani31 May 20197 July 2021BJP 
 Piyush Goyal7 July 20219 June 2024BJP 
Minister of Health and Family Welfare Harsh Vardhan31 May 20197 July 2021BJP 
 Mansukh Mandaviya7 July 20219 June 2024BJP 
Minister of Science and Technology Harsh Vardhan31 May 20197 July 2021BJP 
 Jitendra Singh7 July 20219 June 2024BJPMinister of State (I/C) is responsible.
Minister of Earth Sciences Harsh Vardhan31 May 20197 July 2021BJP 
 Jitendra Singh7 July 202118 May 2023BJPMinister of State (I/C) was responsible.
 Kiren Rijiju18 May 20239 June 2024BJP 
Minister of Environment, Forest and Climate Change Prakash Javadekar31 May 20197 July 2021BJP 
 Bhupender Yadav7 July 20219 June 2024BJP 
Minister of Information and Broadcasting Prakash Javadekar31 May 20197 July 2021BJP 
 Anurag Singh Thakur7 July 20219 June 2024BJP 
Minister of Railways Piyush Goyal31 May 20197 July 2021BJP 
 Ashwini Vaishnaw7 July 20219 June 2024BJP 
Minister of Commerce and Industry Piyush Goyal31 May 20199 June 2024BJP 
Minister of Petroleum and Natural Gas Dharmendra Pradhan31 May 20197 July 2021BJP 
 Hardeep Singh Puri7 July 20219 June 2024BJP 
Minister of Steel Dharmendra Pradhan31 May 20197 July 2021BJP 
 Ramchandra Prasad Singh7 July 20216 July 2022JD(U)Resigned.
 Jyotiraditya Scindia6 July 20229 June 2024BJPAdditional charge following resignation of Ramchandra Prasad Singh.
Minister of Minority Affairs Mukhtar Abbas Naqvi31 May 20196 July 2022BJPResigned.
 Smriti Irani6 July 20229 June 2024BJPAdditional charge following resignation of Mukhtar Abbas Naqvi.
Minister of Parliamentary Affairs
Minister of Coal
Minister of Mines
 Prahlad Joshi31 May 20199 June 2024BJP 
Minister of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship Mahendra Nath Pandey31 May 20197 July 2021BJP 
 Dharmendra Pradhan7 July 20219 June 2024BJP 
Minister of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises Arvind Sawant31 May 201912 November 2019SHSResigned.
 Prakash Javadekar12 November 20197 July 2021BJPAdditional charge following resignation of Arvind Sawant. The ministry was bifurcated into Ministry of Heavy Industries and Department of Public Enterprises.
Minister of Heavy Industries Mahendra Nath Pandey7 July 20219 June 2024BJP 
Minister of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying Giriraj Singh31 May 20197 July 2021BJP 
 Parshottam Rupala7 July 20219 June 2024BJP 
Minister of Jal Shakti Gajendra Singh Shekhawat31 May 20199 June 2024BJP 
Minister of Labour and Employment Santosh Kumar Gangwar31 May 20197 July 2021BJPMinister of State (I/C) was responsible.
 Bhupender Yadav7 July 20219 June 2024BJP 
Minister of AYUSH Shripad Yesso Naik31 May 20197 July 2021BJPMinister of State (I/C) was responsible.
 Kiren Rijiju (Acting)19 January 20217 July 2021BJPMinister of State (I/C) was responsible. Additional charge during period of indisposition of Shripad Yesso Naik.
 Sarbananda Sonowal7 July 20219 June 2024BJP 
Minister of Development of North Eastern Region Jitendra Singh31 May 20197 July 2021BJPMinister of State (I/C) was responsible.
 G. Kishan Reddy7 July 20219 June 2024BJP 
Minister of Youth Affairs and Sports Kiren Rijiju31 May 20197 July 2021BJPMinister of State (I/C) was responsible.
 Anurag Singh Thakur7 July 20219 June 2024BJP 
Minister of Culture
Minister of Tourism
 Prahlad Singh Patel31 May 20197 July 2021BJPMinister of State (I/C) was responsible.
 G. Kishan Reddy7 July 20219 June 2024BJP 
Minister of Power
Minister of New and Renewable Energy
 Raj Kumar Singh31 May 20197 July 2021BJPMinister of State (I/C) was responsible.
 Raj Kumar Singh7 July 20219 June 2024BJP 
Minister of Housing and Urban Affairs Hardeep Singh Puri31 May 20197 July 2021BJPMinister of State (I/C) was responsible.
 Hardeep Singh Puri7 July 20219 June 2024BJP 
Minister of Civil Aviation Hardeep Singh Puri31 May 20197 July 2021BJPMinister of State (I/C) was responsible.
 Jyotiraditya Scindia7 July 20219 June 2024BJP 
Minister of Shipping Mansukh Mandaviya31 May 201910 November 2020BJPMinister of State (I/C) was responsible. Ministry renamed as Ports, Shipping and Waterways.
Minister of Ports, Shipping and Waterways Mansukh Mandaviya10 November 20207 July 2021BJPMinister of State (I/C) was responsible.
 Sarbananda Sonowal7 July 20219 June 2024BJP 
Minister of Co-operation Amit Shah7 July 20219 June 2024BJP 

Ministers of State (Independent Charge)[edit | edit source]

Portfolio Minister Took office Left office Party Remarks
Minister of State (Independent Charge) of Statistics and Programme Implementation
Minister of State (Independent Charge) of Planning
 Rao Inderjit Singh31 May 20199 June 2024BJP 

Ministers of State[edit | edit source]

Portfolio Minister Took office Left office Party Remarks
Minister of State in the Ministry of Defence Shripad Yesso Naik31 May 20197 July 2021BJP 
 Ajay Bhatt7 July 20219 June 2024BJP 
Minister of State in the Prime Minister's Office
Minister of State in the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
Minister of State in the Department of Atomic Energy
Minister of State in the Department of Space
 Jitendra Singh31 May 20199 June 2024BJP 
Minister of State in the Ministry of Minority Affairs Kiren Rijiju31 May 20197 July 2021BJP 
 John Barla7 July 20219 June 2024BJP 
Minister of State in the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship Raj Kumar Singh31 May 20197 July 2021BJP 
 Rajeev Chandrasekhar7 July 20219 June 2024BJP 
Minister of State in the Ministry of Commerce and Industry Hardeep Singh Puri31 May 20197 July 2021BJP 
 Som Prakash31 May 20199 June 2024BJP 
 Anupriya Singh Patel7 July 20219 June 2024Apna Dal (Sonelal) 
Minister of State in the Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers Mansukh Mandaviya31 May 20197 July 2021BJP 
 Bhagwanth Khuba7 July 20219 June 2024BJP 
Minister of State in the Ministry of Steel Faggan Singh Kulaste31 May 20199 June 2024BJP 
Minister of State in the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Ashwini Kumar Choubey31 May 20197 July 2021BJP 
 Bharati Pawar7 July 20219 June 2024BJP 
 S. P. Singh Baghel18 May 20239 June 2024BJP 
Minister of State in the Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs Arjun Ram Meghwal31 May 20199 June 2024BJP 
 V. Muraleedharan31 May 20199 June 2024BJP 
Minister of State in the Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises Arjun Ram Meghwal31 May 20197 July 2021BJPThe ministry was bifurcated into the Ministry of Heavy Industries and the Department of Public Enterprises.
Minister of State in the Ministry of Heavy Industries Krishan Pal Gurjar7 July 20219 June 2024BJP 
Minister of State in the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways V. K. Singh31 May 20199 June 2024BJP 
Minister of State in the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment Krishan Pal Gurjar31 May 20197 July 2021BJP 
 Ramdas Athawale31 May 20199 June 2024RPI(A) 
 Rattan Lal Kataria31 May 20197 July 2021BJP 
 A. Narayanaswamy7 July 20219 June 2024BJP 
 Pratima Bhoumik7 July 20219 June 2024BJP 
Minister of State in the Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution Raosaheb Danve31 May 20197 July 2021BJP 
 Ashwini Kumar Choubey7 July 20219 June 2024BJP 
 Niranjan Jyoti7 July 20219 June 2024BJP 
Minister of State in the Ministry of Home Affairs G. Kishan Reddy31 May 20197 July 2021BJP 
 Nityanand Rai31 May 20199 June 2024BJP 
 Ajay Mishra Teni7 July 20219 June 2024BJP 
 Nisith Pramanik7 July 20219 June 2024BJP 
Minister of State in the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare Parshottam Rupala31 May 20197 July 2021BJP 
 Kailash Choudhary31 May 20199 June 2024BJP 
 Shobha Karandlaje7 July 20219 June 2024BJP 
Minister of State in the Ministry of Rural Development Niranjan Jyoti31 May 20199 June 2024BJP 
 Faggan Singh Kulaste7 July 20219 June 2024BJP 
Minister of State in the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change Babul Supriyo31 May 20197 July 2021BJP 
 Ashwini Kumar Choubey7 July 20219 June 2024BJP 
Minister of State in the Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying Sanjeev Balyan31 May 20199 June 2024BJP 
 Pratap Chandra Sarangi31 May 20197 July 2021BJP 
 L. Murugan7 July 20219 June 2024BJP 
Minister of State in the Ministry of Human Resource Development Sanjay Shamrao Dhotre31 May 201929 July 2020BJPRenamed as Ministry of Education.
Minister of State in the Ministry of Education Sanjay Shamrao Dhotre29 July 20207 July 2021BJP 
 Annpurna Devi7 July 20219 June 2024BJP 
 Subhas Sarkar7 July 20219 June 2024BJP 
 Rajkumar Ranjan Singh7 July 20219 June 2024BJP 
Minister of State in the Ministry of Communications Sanjay Shamrao Dhotre31 May 2019July 2021BJP 
 Devusinh Chauhan7 July 20219 June 2024BJP 
Minister of State in the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology Sanjay Shamrao Dhotre31 May 20197 July 2021BJP 
 Rajeev Chandrasekhar7 July 20219 June 2024BJP 
Minister of State in the Ministry of Finance Anurag Singh Thakur31 May 20197 July 2021BJP 
 Pankaj Chaudhary7 July 20219 June 2024BJP 
 Bhagwat Karad7 July 20219 June 2024BJP 
Minister of State in the Ministry of Corporate Affairs Anurag Singh Thakur31 May 20197 July 2021BJP 
 Rao Inderjit Singh7 July 20219 June 2024BJP 
Minister of State in the Ministry of Railways Suresh Angadi31 May 201923 September 2020BJPDied on 23 September 2020.
 Raosaheb Danve7 July 20219 June 2024BJP 
 Darshana Jardosh7 July 20219 June 2024BJP 
Minister of State in the Ministry of Jal Shakti Rattan Lal Kataria31 May 20197 July 2021BJP 
 Prahlad Singh Patel7 July 20217 December 2023BJPResigned.
 Bishweswar Tudu7 July 20219 June 2024BJP 
 Rajeev Chandrasekhar7 December 20239 June 2024BJP
Minister of State in the Ministry of External Affairs V. Muraleedharan31 May 20199 June 2024BJP 
 Meenakshi Lekhi7 July 20219 June 2024BJP 
 Rajkumar Ranjan Singh7 July 20219 June 2024BJP 
Minister of State in the Ministry of Tribal Affairs Renuka Singh Saruta31 May 20197 December 2023BJPResigned.
 Bishweswar Tudu7 July 20219 June 2024BJP 
 Bharati Pawar7 December 20239 June 2024BJP
Minister of State in the Ministry of Food Processing Industries Rameswar Teli31 May 20197 July 2021BJP 
 Prahlad Singh Patel7 July 20217 December 2023BJPResigned.
 Shobha Karandlaje7 December 20239 June 2024BJP
Minister of State in the Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Pratap Chandra Sarangi31 May 20197 July 2021BJP 
 Bhanu Pratap Singh Verma7 July 20219 June 2024BJP 
Minister of State in the Ministry of Women and Child Development Debasree Chaudhuri31 May 20197 July 2021BJP 
 Mahendra Munjapara7 July 20219 June 2024BJP 
Minister of State in the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways Shripad Yesso Naik7 July 20219 June 2024BJP 
 Shantanu Thakur7 July 20219 June 2024BJP 
Minister of State in the Ministry of Tourism Shripad Yesso Naik7 July 20219 June 2024BJP 
 Ajay Bhatt7 July 20219 June 2024BJP 
Minister of State in the Ministry of Culture Arjun Ram Meghwal7 July 20219 June 2024BJP 
 Meenakshi Lekhi7 July 20219 June 2024BJP 
Minister of State in the Ministry of Civil Aviation V. K. Singh7 July 20219 June 2024BJP 
Minister of State in the Ministry of Power Krishan Pal Gurjar7 July 20219 June 2024BJP 
Minister of State in the Ministry of Coal
Minister of State in the Ministry of Mines
 Raosaheb Danve7 July 20219 June 2024BJP 
Minister of State in the Ministry of Law and Justice S. P. Singh Baghel7 July 202118 May 2023BJP 
Minister of State in the Ministry of Textiles Darshana Jardosh7 July 20219 June 2024BJP 
Minister of State in the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas
Minister of State in the Ministry of Labour and Employment
 Rameswar Teli7 July 20219 June 2024BJP 
Minister of State in the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs Kaushal Kishore7 July 20219 June 2024BJP 
Minister of State in the Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region
Minister of State in the Ministry of Co-operation
 B. L. Verma7 July 20219 June 2024BJP 
Minister of State in the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy Bhagwanth Khuba7 July 20219 June 2024BJP 
Minister of State in the Ministry of Panchayati Raj Kapil Patil7 July 20219 June 2024BJP 
Minister of State in the Ministry of AYUSH Mahendra Munjapara7 July 20219 June 2024BJP 
Minister of State in the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting L. Murugan7 July 20219 June 2024BJP 
Minister of State in the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports Nisith Pramanik7 July 20219 June 2024BJP 

Demographics[edit | edit source]

Representation of cabinet ministers by party

Parties[edit | edit source]

Party Cabinet Ministers Ministers of State (I/C) Ministers of State Total number of ministers
BJP 27 [lower-alpha 3] 3 40 70
RPI (A) 0 0 1 1
AD (S) 0 0 1 1
Total 27 3 42 72

States[edit | edit source]

State Cabinet Ministers Ministers of State (I/C) Ministers of State Total number of ministers Name of ministers
Arunachal Pradesh 1 1
Assam 1 1 1
Bihar 2 2 4
Goa 1 1
Gujarat 4 3 7
Haryana 1 1 2
Himachal Pradesh 1 1
Jharkhand 1 1 2
Karnataka 2 4 6
Madhya Pradesh 3 2 5
Maharashtra 3 6 9
Manipur 1 1
Odisha 1 1 2
Punjab 1 1
Rajasthan 2 1 1 4
Telangana 1 1
Tripura 1 1
Uttar Pradesh 5 10 15
Uttarakhand 1 1
West Bengal 4 4
Delhi 1 1
Jammu and Kashmir 1 1
Total 27 3 42 72

Demographics of former minister[edit | edit source]

Parties[edit | edit source]

Party Cabinet Ministers Ministers of State (I/C) Ministers of State Total number of ministers
BJP 8 1 8 17
SS 1 0 0 1
SAD 1 0 0 1
LJP 1 0 0 1
JD (U) 1 0 0 1
RLJP 1 0 0 1
Total 13 1 8 22

States[edit | edit source]

State Cabinet Ministers Ministers of State (I/C) Ministers of State Total number of ministers Name of ministers
Bihar 4 4
Chhattisgarh 1 1
Haryana 1 1
Jharkhand 1 1
Karnataka 1 1 2
Madhya Pradesh 2 1 3
Maharashtra 2 1 3
Odisha 1 1
Punjab 1 1
Uttar Pradesh 1 1
Uttarakhand 1 1
West Bengal 2 2
Delhi 1 1
Total 13 1 8 22

Initiatives[edit | edit source]

According to Shashi Tharoor, some noteworthy achievements are the rapid construction of infrastructure, including new ports, airports and highways, relying on private contractors; modernisation of the rail network of India; strengthening the social safety net for millions of poor Indians; providing toilets, cooking gas cylinders; cash transfers to farmers and access to electricity and drinking water in rural India; progress in technology diffusion; cheap data plans for android phones, connecting nearly a billion Indians to the Internet; enabling private companies to create commons online; stimulating growth in the startup culture, mainly in the tech domain, and several unicorns; digital money transfer via Unified Payments Interface (direct money transfers between bank accounts); reducing middlemen by paying social benefits directly to the accounts of beneficiaries and effective Indian diplomacy, all with high approval ratings.[5]

Notes[edit | edit source]

  1. In the 2019 general election, no opposition party obtained the minimum (54) amount of seats to become the official opposition, and thus there was no opposition leader. Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury is the leader of the Indian National Congress party in the Parliament, which has the largest number (50) of seats in the opposition.
  2. In the 2019 Indian general election, no opposition party secured at least 10% of the total seats (55 out of 545) in the Lok Sabha to be eligible for the post of official Leader of the Opposition. As a result, the position has remained vacant. Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury served as the leader of the Indian National Congress in the Lok Sabha, which was the largest opposition party with 52 seats.
  3. Including Prime Minister

See also[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. "LIVE: Union ministers Gangwar, Pokhriyal resign ahead of Cabinet reshuffle". Business Standard. 7 July 2021. Archived from the original on 7 July 2021. Retrieved 7 July 2021.
  2. "'Compelled to move no-confidence motion to end PM Modi's vow of silence': Congress' Gaurav Gogoi". 8 August 2023.
  3. "No-Confidence Motion Highlights: Supreme Court order ratified INDIA bloc's no-confidence motion: RSP MP". India Today. 8 August 2023.
  4. "Modi wins no-trust vote over India ethnic violence". BBC News. 11 August 2023. Retrieved 12 August 2023.
  5. Tharoor, Shashi (7 June 2023). "The ups and downs of the Modi decade". The Japan Times. Retrieved 29 March 2024.

External links[edit | edit source]