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{{Use Indian English|date=October 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2016}}
{{More citations needed|date=April 2018}}<!-- See [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Indian cities]] for details -->{{Infobox settlement
{{More citations needed|date=April 2018}}<!-- See [[Bharatpedia:WikiProject Indian cities]] for details -->{{Infobox settlement
| name              = Krishnanagar
| name              = Krishnanagar
| native_name        =  
| native_name        =  
| native_name_lang  =  
| native_name_lang  =  
| other_name        = Krishnagar / Reui
| other_name        = Krishnagar <br/> Reui
| settlement_type    = City
| settlement_type    = [[City]]
| image_skyline      = {{Photomontage
| image_skyline      = {{multiple image
| photo1a = Krishnanagar Palace.jpg
| border      = infobox
| photo2a = Krishnanagar Collegiate School at Krishnanagar in Nadia district 18.jpg
| total_width = 300
| photo2b = Krishnanagar christo mandir.jpg
| image_style =
| photo3a = Krishnanagar rajbari.jpg
| perrow      = 2/2/2
| photo3b = Krishnanagar Government College at Krishnanagar town in Nadia district 13.jpg
| caption_align = center
| photo4a = Hotel Haveli in Krishnanagar, Nadia 01.jpg
| image1      = Krishnanagar Palace.jpg
| photo4b = KngPO.jpg
| caption1    = Krishnanagar Palace
| photo5a = Krishnanagar Rajbari Interiors at Krishnanagar in Nadia District 05.jpg
| image2 = Krishnanagar Collegiate School at Krishnanagar in Nadia district 18.jpg
| spacing                = 2
| caption2    = [[Krishnagar Collegiate School]]
| align                  = center
| image3 =
| color_border            = black
| caption3    = Christo Mandir
| color                  = black
| image4 = Krishnanagar rajbari.jpg
| size                    = 275 
| caption4    = Old Gate of the Krishnanagar Rajbari
| foot_montage = '''Clockwise from top:'''<br>Krishnanagar Rajbari Front; Christo Mandir; [[Krishnagar Government College|Krishnanagar Government College]]; [[India Post|Krishnanagar Head Post Office]]; Krishnanagar Rajbari Interiors; Hotel Haveli; Ruins of Krishnanagar Rajbari; [[Krishnagar Collegiate School|Krishnangar Collegiate School]]
| image5 = Krishnanagar Government College at Krishnanagar town in Nadia district 13.jpg
| caption5    = [[Krishnagar Government College]]
| image6 = Krishnanagar Rajbari Interiors at Krishnanagar in Nadia District 05.jpg
| caption6    = Krishnanagar Rajbari Thakur Dalan
}}
}}
| nickname          =  
| nickname          =  
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| subdivision_type1  = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type1  = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2  = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_type2  = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1  = {{flagicon image|..West Bengal Flag(INDIA).png}} [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_name1  = {{flagicon image|Emblem of West Bengal (Banglarmukh) before 2018.png}} [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_name2  = [[Nadia district|Nadia]]
| subdivision_name2  = [[Nadia district|Nadia]]
| established_title  = <!-- Established -->
| established_title  = <!-- Established -->
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| blank1_name_sec1  = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_name_sec1  = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1  = [[Krishnanagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Krishnanagar]]
| blank1_info_sec1  = [[Krishnanagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Krishnanagar]]
| blank_name_sec2    = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Member of Parliament]]
| blank_info_sec2    = [[Mahua Moitra]]
| blank1_name_sec2  = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec2  = [[Krishnanagar Uttar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Krishnanagar North]]<br>[[Krishnanagar Dakshin (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Krishnanagar South]]
| website            = {{URL|nadia.nic.in/}}
| website            = {{URL|nadia.nic.in/}}
| footnotes          =  
| footnotes          =  
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], English
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], English
| blank2_name_sec1  = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_name_sec1  = [[Member of Legislative Assembly]]
| blank2_info_sec1  = [[Krishnanagar Uttar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Krishnanagar City North]]/[[Krishnanagar Dakshin (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Krishnanagar City South]]
| blank2_name        = [[Mukul Roy]]<br>[[Ujjal Biswas]]
| blank2_info_sec1  =
| blank2_info        =
}}
}}
'''Krishnanagar''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|k|r|ɪ|ʃ|n|ə|ˈ|n|ʌ|g|ər}}) is a city and a municipality<ref name="EB1911">{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Krishnagar |volume=15 |page=927}}.</ref> in the [[Indian state]] of [[West Bengal]]. It is the headquarters of the [[Nadia district]].<ref>https://nadia.gov.in/profile/ Official Website of Nadia District</ref>
'''Krishnanagar''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|k|r|ɪ|ʃ|n|ə|ˈ|n|ʌ|g|ər}}; {{IPA|bn|kriʃnonɔgor}}) is a city and a municipality<ref name="EB1911">{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Krishnagar |volume=15 |page=927}}.</ref> in the [[Indian state]] of [[West Bengal]]. It is the headquarters of the [[Nadia district]].<ref>https://nadia.gov.in/profile/ Official Website of Nadia District</ref>


==History==
==History==
Krishnanagar municipality was established in 1864 and is one of the oldest municipalities in [[Bengal]]. It is claimed to be named after [[Krishnachandra Roy|Krishna Chandra Ray]] (1728–1782).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Tourism-Details|url=http://nadia.gov.in/Tourism-Details/tourism-details.html#7|access-date=2020-06-26|website=nadia.gov.in}}</ref> Previously, the city (village) was called ‘Reui’ (রেউই). The Rajbari built here during the reign of [[Zamindar|Zaminder]] [[Krishnachandra Roy|Krishna Chandra Roy]] is a prominent tourist attraction, though the remnants of the past glory have been eroded and only a dilapidated structure of the exquisite places with carving on its inner walls remain today.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Krishnanagar, the land of mesmerising clay toys and figurines|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/krishnanagar-the-land-of-mesmerising-clay-toys-and-figurines/1739381|access-date=2021-09-17|website=www.outlookindia.com/}}</ref>
Krishnanagar municipality was established in 1864 and is one of the oldest municipalities in [[Bengal]]. It is claimed to be named after [[Krishnachandra Roy|Krishna Chandra Roy]] (1728–1782).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Tourism-Details|url=http://nadia.gov.in/Tourism-Details/tourism-details.html#7|access-date=2020-06-26|website=nadia.gov.in}}</ref> Previously, the city (village) was called 'Reui' (রেউই). The Rajbari built here during Roy's reign is a prominent tourist attraction, though the remnants of past glory have been eroded and only a dilapidated structure of the exquisite places with carvings on inner walls remain today.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Krishnanagar, the land of mesmerising clay toys and figurines|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/krishnanagar-the-land-of-mesmerising-clay-toys-and-figurines/1739381|access-date=2021-09-17|website=www.outlookindia.com/}}</ref>


==Geography==
==Geography==
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{{Weather box
{{Weather box
| location = Krishnanagar (1981–2010, extremes 1885–2010)  
| location = Krishnanagar (1991–2020, extremes 1885–2020)  
| metric first = yes
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| single line = yes
Line 104: Line 113:
| Dec record high C = 36.0
| Dec record high C = 36.0
| year record high C = 46.1
| year record high C = 46.1
| Jan high C = 26.2
| Jan high C = 25.0
| Feb high C = 29.1
| Feb high C = 28.6
| Mar high C = 33.1
| Mar high C = 32.7
| Apr high C = 36.4
| Apr high C = 35.8
| May high C = 37.0
| May high C = 36.5
| Jun high C = 35.7
| Jun high C = 35.4
| Jul high C = 33.0
| Jul high C = 33.1
| Aug high C = 32.9
| Aug high C = 33.2
| Sep high C = 32.9
| Sep high C = 33.2
| Oct high C = 32.7
| Oct high C = 32.4
| Nov high C = 31.0
| Nov high C = 30.1
| Dec high C = 27.6
| Dec high C = 26.8
| year high C = 32.3
| year high C = 31.7
| Jan low C = 11.5
| Jan low C = 11.4
| Feb low C = 14.9
| Feb low C = 15.5
| Mar low C = 19.3
| Mar low C = 19.1
| Apr low C = 22.7
| Apr low C = 23.5
| May low C = 23.6
| May low C = 24.6
| Jun low C = 24.2
| Jun low C = 25.5
| Jul low C = 24.2
| Jul low C = 25.7
| Aug low C = 24.4
| Aug low C = 25.7
| Sep low C = 23.7
| Sep low C = 24.9
| Oct low C = 22.9
| Oct low C = 23.2
| Nov low C = 18.2
| Nov low C = 17.8
| Dec low C = 13.4
| Dec low C = 13.2
| year low C = 20.3
| year low C = 20.6
| Jan record low C = 0.9
| Jan record low C = 0.9
| Feb record low C = 3.9
| Feb record low C = 3.9
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| year record low C = 0.9
| year record low C = 0.9
| rain colour = green
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 6.1
| Jan rain mm = 6.7
| Feb rain mm = 17.7
| Feb rain mm = 20.2
| Mar rain mm = 24.4
| Mar rain mm = 20.2
| Apr rain mm = 37.0
| Apr rain mm = 31.5
| May rain mm = 99.3
| May rain mm = 96.3
| Jun rain mm = 157.2
| Jun rain mm = 170.5
| Jul rain mm = 253.0
| Jul rain mm = 261.6
| Aug rain mm = 145.9
| Aug rain mm = 175.2
| Sep rain mm = 174.1
| Sep rain mm = 218.5
| Oct rain mm = 102.5
| Oct rain mm = 112.5
| Nov rain mm = 8.1
| Nov rain mm = 10.2
| Dec rain mm = 4.3
| Dec rain mm = 6.8
| year rain mm = 1029.6
| year rain mm = 1130.0
| Jan rain days = 0.9
| Jan rain days = 0.9
| Feb rain days = 1.3
| Feb rain days = 1.0
| Mar rain days = 1.6
| Mar rain days = 1.5
| Apr rain days = 1.9
| Apr rain days = 2.0
| May rain days = 4.6
| May rain days = 4.9
| Jun rain days = 8.0
| Jun rain days = 8.6
| Jul rain days = 10.9
| Jul rain days = 13.2
| Aug rain days = 8.5
| Aug rain days = 9.9
| Sep rain days = 7.1
| Sep rain days = 9.5
| Oct rain days = 3.7
| Oct rain days = 5.1
| Nov rain days = 0.5
| Nov rain days = 0.8
| Dec rain days = 0.4
| Dec rain days = 0.2
| year rain days = 49.2
| year rain days = 57.6
| time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| Jan humidity = 60
| Jan humidity = 65
| Feb humidity = 59
| Feb humidity = 61
| Mar humidity = 59
| Mar humidity = 62
| Apr humidity = 59
| Apr humidity = 64
| May humidity = 62
| May humidity = 66
| Jun humidity = 71
| Jun humidity = 75
| Jul humidity = 73
| Jul humidity = 79
| Aug humidity = 75
| Aug humidity = 80
| Sep humidity = 74
| Sep humidity = 78
| Oct humidity = 72
| Oct humidity = 77
| Nov humidity = 72
| Nov humidity = 73
| Dec humidity = 67
| Dec humidity = 72
| year humidity = 66
| year humidity = 71
|source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref name=IMDnormals>
|source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf
| title = Climatological Tables of Observatories in India 1991-2020
| publisher = [[India Meteorological Department]]
| access-date = April 8, 2024
}}</ref><ref name=IMDnormals>
{{cite web
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
Line 198: Line 212:


==Demographics==
==Demographics==
In the [[2011 Census of India|2011 Indian census]],<ref name="Census Commission of India">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|title=Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|publisher=Census Commission of India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=16 June 2004|access-date=1 November 2008}}</ref> Krishnanagar city had a population of 181,182, with 91,583 males and 89,599 females. It is at the centre of a bigger [[urban agglomeration]] which as of the 2011 census, had a population of 2,03,429.<ref name="2011UA">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf|title=Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011; Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above|publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|page=6|access-date=27 March 2012}}</ref> The urban agglomeration had a [[human sex ratio|sex ratio]] of 978 females per 1,000 males.<ref name="2011UA" /> The child sex ratio is 926 girls per 1,000 boys. 7.5% of the population were under six years old.<ref name="2011UA" /> The effective literacy rate was 88.09%, of which male and female literacy was 90.84% and 85.29%, respectively.<ref name="2011UA" />
In the [[2011 Census of India|2011 Indian census]],<ref name="Census Commission of India">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|title=Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|publisher=Census Commission of India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=16 June 2004|access-date=1 November 2008}}</ref> Krishnanagar city had a population of 181,182, with 91,583 males and 89,599 females. It is at the centre of a bigger [[urban agglomeration]] which as of the 2011 census, had a population of 203,429.<ref name="2011UA">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf|title=Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011; Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above|publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|page=6|access-date=27 March 2012}}</ref> The urban agglomeration had a [[human sex ratio|sex ratio]] of 978 females per 1,000 males.<ref name="2011UA" /> The child sex ratio is 926 girls per 1,000 boys. 7.5% of the population were under six years old.<ref name="2011UA" /> The effective literacy rate was 88.09%, of which male and female literacy was 90.84% and 85.29%, respectively.<ref name="2011UA" />


The following municipality and census towns were part of Krishnanagar Urban Agglomeration in 2011 census: Krishnanagar (M), [[Baruihuda]] (CT), [[Paschimbhatjangla]] (CT) and [[Sonda, Nadia|Sonda]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_4_PR_UAs_1Lakh_and_Above_Appendix.pdf | title= Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011 | work= Constituents of Urban Agglomeration Having Population Above 1 Lakh |publisher=  Census of India 2011  | access-date = 18 October 2020}}</ref>
The following municipality and census towns were part of Krishnanagar Urban Agglomeration in 2011 census: Krishnanagar (M), [[Baruihuda]] (CT), [[Paschimbhatjangla]] (CT) and [[Sonda, Nadia|Sonda]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_4_PR_UAs_1Lakh_and_Above_Appendix.pdf | title= Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011 | work= Constituents of Urban Agglomeration Having Population Above 1 Lakh |publisher=  Census of India 2011  | access-date = 18 October 2020}}</ref>
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{{bar percent|Others†|black|0.15}}
{{bar percent|Others†|black|0.15}}
|caption=Distribution of religions<br />
|caption=Distribution of religions<br />
†<small>Includes [[Sikh]]s (0.04%), [[Buddhism|Buddhists]] (0.02%) and [[Jainism]] (0.01).</small>
†<small>Includes [[Sikh]]s (0.04%), [[Buddhism|Buddhists]] (0.02%) and [[Jainism|Jains]] (0.01%).</small>
}}{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Languages spoken in Krishnanagar City (2011)<ref>[https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16T/DDW-C16-TOWN-STMT-MDDS-2000.XLSX 2011 census data] censusindia.gov.in</ref>
|label1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
|value1= 97.46
|color1 =red
|label2= [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
|value2= 2.02
|color2=orange
|label3 = [[Santali language|Santali]]
|value3 = 0.15
|color3 = green
|label4 = [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]]
|value4 = 0.11
|color4 =pink
|label5 = [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]]
|value5= 0.054
|color5 = black
|label6 = Others
|value6= 0.18
|color6 = white
}}
}}


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==Transport==
==Transport==
Krishnanagar<ref name="nadia.nic.in" /> is {{Convert|100|km|mi|abbr=}} north of [[Kolkata]]. Being the district headquarters, residents of Krishnanagar enjoy some unique facilities as far as transport is concerned: wide roads, intracity connectivity by [[auto rickshaw]]s, [[cycle rickshaw]]s, [[E-rickshaw]]s, service buses, and magic taxis (aka Toto). Express buses are available for places like [[Kolkata]], [[English Bazar|Malda]], [[Siliguri]], [[Baharampur|Berhampore]], [[Howrah]], [[Purulia]], [[Asansol]], [[Durgapur]], [[Bolpur]], [[Kirnahar]], [[Suri, Birbhum|Suri]], [[Tarakeswar]] etc. from the city's Bus Stand or PWD stand very close to NH 34. The nearest airports are [[Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport|Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Airport]], which is {{Convert|98|km|mi|abbr=}} by road, and [[Kazi Nazrul Islam Airport|Kazi Nazrul Airport]], which is {{Convert|176|km|miles|abbr=}} by road.
Krishnanagar<ref name="nadia.nic.in" /> is {{Convert|100|km|mi|abbr=}} north of [[Kolkata]]. Being the district headquarters, residents of Krishnanagar enjoy some unique facilities as far as transport is concerned: wide roads, intracity connectivity by [[auto rickshaw]]s, [[cycle rickshaw]]s, [[E-rickshaw]]s, service buses, and magic taxis (aka Toto). Express buses are available for places like [[Kolkata]], [[English Bazar|Malda]], [[Siliguri]], [[Baharampur|Berhampore]], [[Howrah]], [[Purulia]], [[Asansol]], [[Durgapur]], [[Bolpur]], [[Kirnahar]], [[Suri, Birbhum|Suri]], [[Tarakeswar]] etc. from the city's Bus Stand or PWD stand very close to NH 12. The nearest airports are [[Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport|Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Airport]], which is {{Convert|98|km|mi|abbr=}} by road, and [[Kazi Nazrul Islam Airport|Kazi Nazrul Airport]], which is {{Convert|176|km|miles|abbr=}} by road.
[[File:KNJ Busstant.jpg|thumb|Bus Stand]]
[[File:KNJ Busstant.jpg|thumb|Bus Stand]]


=== Road ===
=== Road ===
[[National Highway 34 (India)|NH 34]] passes through Krishnanagar. As Krishnanagar is the administrative headquarters of the Nadia district, it acts as the link between North Bengal and South Bengal. There are bus services on regular basis from South Bengal to North Bengal and vice versa. All buses that start from [[Kolkata]] to North Bengal halt at Krishnanagar (Pantha Tirtha/Church Gate/Palpara). Krishnanagar has a main bus stand at the centre of the city, which is a destination of various long, mid-and short-distance places. It is connected directly to Kolkata, Siliguri [[Bardhaman]], [[Durgapur]], [[Tarakeswar]], Siuri, and [[Asansol]] by road. Locally, it is connected to [[Ranaghat subdivision|Ranaghat]], Kolkata, [[Shantipur|Santipur]], [[Mayapur]], and [[Nabadwip]]. Krishnanagar is connected with Shikarpur (Route no 1), Patrikabari Ghat (Route no 2A) (via state highway 11), [[Hridaypur]] (Route no 4), Ranabandh Ghat (Route no 5), Nabadwip (Route no 8), Ranaghat (Route no 9, 17, 17B), Kalna Ghat (Route no 18), Patuli Ghat (Route no 25), Matiari (Route no 29), Bablari (Route no 30A), Tehatta Ghat (Route no 37), Palashi Monument (Route no 39) and Nonaganj (Route no 41). Krishnanagar is also connected with other places such as [[Karimpur]], Khalboalia, Majdia, Birpur Ghat, Hular Ghat, Katwa Ghat, Hatisala Ghat, Ichapur Ghat, Sibpur Ghat, and Shimulia.
[[National Highway 12 (India)|NH 12]] passes through Krishnanagar. As Krishnanagar is the administrative headquarters of the Nadia district, it acts as the link between North Bengal and South Bengal. There are bus services on a regular basis from South Bengal to North Bengal and vice versa. All buses that start from [[Kolkata]] to North Bengal halt at Krishnanagar (Pantha Tirtha/Church Gate/Palpara). Krishnanagar has a main bus stand at the centre of the city, which is a destination of various long, mid-and short-distance places. It is connected directly to Kolkata, Siliguri [[Bardhaman]], [[Durgapur]], [[Tarakeswar]], Siuri, and [[Asansol]] by road. Locally, it is connected to [[Ranaghat subdivision|Ranaghat]], Kolkata, [[Shantipur|Santipur]], [[Mayapur]], and [[Nabadwip]]. Krishnanagar is connected with Shikarpur (Route no 1), Patrikabari Ghat (Route no 2A) (via state highway 11), [[Hridaypur]] (Route no 4), Ranabandh Ghat (Route no 5), Nabadwip (Route no 8), Ranaghat (Route no 9, 17, 17B), Kalna Ghat (Route no 18), Patuli Ghat (Route no 25), Matiari (Route no 29), Bablari (Route no 30A), Tehatta Ghat (Route no 37), Palashi Monument (Route no 39) and Nonaganj (Route no 41). Krishnanagar is also connected with other places such as [[Karimpur]], Khalboalia, Majdia, Birpur Ghat, Hular Ghat, Katwa Ghat, Hatisala Ghat, Ichapur Ghat, Sibpur Ghat, and Shimulia.


=== Rail ===
=== Rail ===
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==Culture==
==Culture==
Krishnanagar is an important centre for culture and literature. It counts literary figures such as [[Bharatchandra Ray|Ray Gunakor Bharatchandra]], [[Ramprasad Sen]], [[Dwijendralal Ray]] and [[Narayan Sanyal]] among many others. There is also a strong tradition of stage acting and Indian revolutionary movements. Several elegant pieces of [[handicraft]] arts can also be found in this region, namely the handicraft in making of carpet, bamboo and jute crafts, miniature paintings. a horticultural research station and jute nursery, and an agricultural training centre.
Krishnanagar is an important centre for culture and literature. It counts literary figures such as [[Bharatchandra Ray|Ray Gunakor Bharatchandra]], [[Ramprasad Sen]], [[Dwijendralal Ray]] and [[Narayan Sanyal]] among many others. There is also a strong tradition of stage acting and Indian revolutionary movements. Several elegant pieces of [[handicraft]] arts can also be found in this region, namely the handicraft in making of carpet, bamboo and jute crafts, miniature paintings. a horticultural research station and jute nursery, and an agricultural training centre.


[[Jagaddhatri]] [[Puja (Hinduism)|Puja]] is celebrated with grandeur in Krishnanagar, when lighting from the town of [[Chandannagar]] are brought. The origins of [[Jagaddhatri]] [[Puja (Hinduism)|Puja]] in Krishnanagar can be traced back to the 18th century, when it was first celebrated by Maharaja [[Krishnachandra Roy|Krishna Chandra]], the king of Krishnanagar. Initiated by [[Krishnachandra Roy|Krishna Chandra]] in 1762, is the crowning glory of the annual festival. The Maharaja's absence from the [[Durga]] [[Puja (Hinduism)|Puja]] that year left him heartbroken as he could not offer his prayers to Maa [[Durga]]. Returning by boat on Dasami, the day of idol immersion, the Maharaja saw the idols being immersed in the river and was overcome with grief. However, in a dream that night, he saw a teenage Goddess seated on a lion, resembling a white horse, assuring him that she would come to him on the Sukla Nabami tithi in the Bengali month of Kartick (October-November). Following her divine instructions, an idol of Goddess [[Jagaddhatri]] was sculpted and the puja was performed with great pomp and splendor. [[Jagaddhatri]] [[Puja (Hinduism)|Puja]] is celebrated across the Paras of Krishnanagar , with each Paras having its own unique customs and traditions. The Paras are essentially different neighborhoods or communities within the town, each with its own distinct identity and character. The most prominent of them all is Chasapara Barowari [[Puja (Hinduism)|Puja]] where the deity is called Burima. This festival that has been celebrated for over 100 years, is known for its grandeur and splendor. The festival is organized by the Chasapara Barowari Committee, and it is celebrated with great enthusiasm and devotion by the locals. The festival is known for its magnificent pandal decorations, which are designed based on various themes and concepts. The pandals are adorned with colorful lights, flowers, and other decorative items, making them a visual treat for the visitors. During the [[Puja (Hinduism)|Puja]], the locals also perform a unique ritual called "chokkhudaan" where they offer their eyes to the Goddess in the form of a symbolic gesture. This ritual is believed to signify the devotee's willingness to see the truth and the divine light. The festival is also known for its colorful processions, which are accompanied by the beats of the dhak, a traditional Indian [[Percussion instrument|percussion]] instrument. One of the notable features of this Chasapara Barowari is the heavily adornment of Burima with gold jewellery. It is believed that Burima fulfills her true devotees wishes.  
[[Jagaddhatri]] [[Puja (Hinduism)|Puja]] is celebrated with grandeur in Krishnanagar, the illumination for Jagaddhatri Puja is mostly crafted by local artisans, with only occasional use of [[Chandannagar]] lights. The origins of [[Jagaddhatri]] [[Puja (Hinduism)|Puja]] in Krishnanagar can be traced back to the 18th century, when it was first celebrated by Maharaja [[Krishnachandra Roy|Krishna Chandra]], the king of Krishnanagar. Initiated by [[Krishnachandra Roy|Krishna Chandra]] in 1762, is the crowning glory of the annual festival. The Maharaja's absence from the [[Durga]] [[Puja (Hinduism)|Puja]] that year left him heartbroken as he could not offer his prayers to Maa [[Durga]]. Returning by boat on Dasami, the day of idol immersion, the Maharaja saw the idols being immersed in the river and was overcome with grief. However, in a dream that night, he saw a teenage Goddess seated on a lion, resembling a white horse, assuring him that she would come to him on the Sukla Nabami tithi in the Bengali month of Kartick (October–November). Following her divine instructions, an idol of Goddess [[Jagaddhatri]] was sculpted and the puja was performed with great pomp and splendor. [[Jagaddhatri]] [[Puja (Hinduism)|Puja]] is celebrated across the local clubs & Barowari's of Krishnanagar, with each of them have its own unique customs and traditions. They are essentially different neighborhoods or communities within the town, each with its own distinct identity and character. The most prominent of them all is Chasapara Barowari [[Puja (Hinduism)|Puja]] where the deity is called Burima. This festival that has been celebrated for over 100 years, is known for its grandeur and splendor. The festival is organized by the Chasapara Barowari Committee, and it is celebrated with great enthusiasm and devotion by the locals. The festival is known for its magnificent pandal decorations, which are designed based on various themes and concepts. The pandals are adorned with colorful lights, flowers, and other decorative items, making them a visual treat for the visitors. During the [[Puja (Hinduism)|Puja]], the locals also perform a unique ritual called "chokkhudaan" where they offer their eyes to the Goddess in the form of a symbolic gesture. This ritual is believed to signify the devotee's willingness to see the truth and the divine light. The festival is also known for its colorful processions, which are accompanied by the beats of the dhak, a traditional Indian [[Percussion instrument|percussion]] instrument. One of the notable features of this Chasapara Barowari is the heavily adornment of Burima with gold jewellery. It is believed that Burima fulfills her true devotees wishes.  
<ref>{{cite web| url = https://manaspratimbiswas.com/journals#jagaddhatri  | title= ENCHANTING GRANDEUR OF JAGADDHATRI PUJA IN KRISHNANAGAR: A CELEBRATION OF CULTURE AND TRADITION|work= Celebration of Jagaddhatri Puja in Krishnanagar|publisher=  Manas Pratim Biswas |  access-date = 26 February 2023}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web| url = https://manaspratimbiswas.com/journals#jagaddhatri  | title= ENCHANTING GRANDEUR OF JAGADDHATRI PUJA IN KRISHNANAGAR: A CELEBRATION OF CULTURE AND TRADITION|work= Celebration of Jagaddhatri Puja in Krishnanagar|publisher=  Manas Pratim Biswas |  access-date = 26 February 2023}}</ref>


 
Krishnanagar is also famous for its '''Barodol Mela'''. Maharaja [[Krishnachandra Roy|Krishnachandra]], a devoted husband, once failed to fulfill his promise of taking his beloved queen to the neighboring fair at Ula Birnagar. To make up for it, he organized a grand festival in his own palace where 12 idols of [[Krishna]] were invited for a month-long stay. The tradition continues to this day, with the royal household playing a vital role in the festival's success, even though its splendor has faded somewhat over time.The festival is normally held after the [[Holi|Dolyatra]] in the Sukla Ekadashi tithi. It begins with the arrival of 12 idols of [[Krishna]], each representing a different form of the deity. The idols are displayed for public viewing for the first three days of the festival, after which they retire to a temple inside the palace as guests of the patron deity Boro [[Narayana|Narayan]]. Meanwhile, the month-long fair takes place in the vast field next to the old fort's gate, open to all who wish to participate. The fairgrounds are alive with the sounds of vendors hawking their wares, performers entertaining the crowds, and children laughing and screaming in delight as they ride the rides. The fair also provides a platform for local artisans to showcase their skills and sell their wares. From the clay toy makers to the [[Loom|handloom]] weavers, the fair is an opportunity for these artisans to display their products to a wider audience and earn a living.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://manaspratimbiswas.com/journals#barodol  | title= BARODOL MELA: A CULTURAL EXTRAVAGANZA OF KRISHNANAGAR|work= Celebration of Barodol Mela in Krishnanagar|publisher=  Manas Pratim Biswas |  access-date = 26 February 2023}}</ref>
 
Krishnanagar is also famous for its '''Barodol Mela'''. Maharaja [[Krishnachandra Roy|Krishnachandra]], a devoted husband, once failed to fulfill his promise of taking his beloved queen to the neighboring fair at Ula Birnagar. To make up for it, he organized a grand festival in his own palace where 12 idols of [[Krishna]] were invited for a month-long stay. The tradition continues to this day, with the royal household playing a vital role in the festival's success, even though its splendor has faded somewhat over time.The festival is normally held after the [[Holi|Dolyatra]] in the Sukla Ekadashi tithi. It begins with the arrival of 12 idols of [[Krishna]] , each representing a different form of the deity. The idols are displayed for public viewing for the first three days of the festival, after which they retire to a temple inside the palace as guests of the patron deity Boro [[Narayana|Narayan]]. Meanwhile, the month-long fair takes place in the vast field next to the old fort's gate, open to all who wish to participate. The fairgrounds are alive with the sounds of vendors hawking their wares, performers entertaining the crowds, and children laughing and screaming in delight as they ride the rides. The fair also provides a platform for local artisans to showcase their skills and sell their wares. From the clay toy makers to the [[Loom|handloom]] weavers, the fair is an opportunity for these artisans to display their products to a wider audience and earn a living.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://manaspratimbiswas.com/journals#barodol  | title= BARODOL MELA: A CULTURAL EXTRAVAGANZA OF KRISHNANAGAR|work= Celebration of Barodol Mela in Krishnanagar|publisher=  Manas Pratim Biswas |  access-date = 26 February 2023}}</ref>


==Places of interest==
==Places of interest==
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=== Ghurni ===
=== Ghurni ===
The famous area called [[Ghurni]] is the birthplace of [[Lahiri Mahasaya|Yogiraj Sri Shyama Charan Lahiri Mahasaya]], fountain-head of [[Kriya Yoga school|Kriya Yoga]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kriyayogashyamacharan.org/lahiri-mahasaya.php|title=Yogiraj Shyamacharan Sanatan Mission|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510025727/http://kriyayogashyamacharan.org/lahiri-mahasaya.php|archive-date=10 May 2012|access-date=2012-04-02|df=dmy-all}}</ref> [[Ghurni]] is the neighbourhood of the clay artists. Open studios and shops of the artists comprise an important attraction for tourists. It is said{{By whom|date=June 2020}} that initially it was [[Raja Krishnachandra]] who had settled a few families of talented clay artists in the area.
The famous area called [[Ghurni]] is the birthplace of [[Lahiri Mahasaya|Yogiraj Sri Shyama Charan Lahiri Mahasaya]], fountain-head of [[Kriya Yoga school|Kriya Yoga]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kriyayogashyamacharan.org/lahiri-mahasaya.php|title=Yogiraj Shyamacharan Sanatan Mission|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510025727/http://kriyayogashyamacharan.org/lahiri-mahasaya.php|archive-date=10 May 2012|access-date=2012-04-02|df=dmy-all}}</ref> [[Ghurni]] is the neighbourhood of the clay artists. Open studios and shops of the artists comprise an important attraction for tourists.  


=== Rajbari ===
=== Rajbari ===
[[File:Krishnanagar Palace Gate.jpg|thumb|Entrance of Royal Palace]]
[[File:Krishnanagar Palace Gate.jpg|thumb|Entrance of Royal Palace]]
Rajbari, also known as the Krishnanagar Palace, is a royal palace with a [[Durga]] temple in the courtyard. The Durga puja was started by Raja Rudra Roy, the great-grandfather of Raja [[Krishnachandra Roy]].<ref>{{cite news |last=CHAUDHURI |first=SUBHASISH |date=9 October 2016 |title=A royal Puja for people of Nadia |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/a-royal-puja-for-people-of-nadia/cid/1320089 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)]] |location=[[Krishnagar]] |access-date=20 March 2022}}</ref> Every year, Jhulan Mela is celebrated around the Rajbari in July–August and Baro Dol (as it is held 12 days after [[Dol Purnima]]) in March–April every year. Rajbari is mostly visited for the celebration of different festivals. These include the popular Jhulan Mela and the festival of colours [[Holi]] or Baro Dol. The historical monument surrounded by a water-body known as Dighi has a beautiful Goddess Durga temple erected in its central courtyard.
Rajbari, also known as the Krishnanagar Palace, is a royal palace with a [[Durga]] temple in the courtyard. The Durga puja was started by Raja Rudra Roy, the great-grandfather of Raja [[Krishnachandra Roy]].<ref>{{cite news |last=CHAUDHURI |first=SUBHASISH |date=9 October 2016 |title=A royal Puja for people of Nadia |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/a-royal-puja-for-people-of-nadia/cid/1320089 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)]] |location=[[Krishnagar]] |access-date=20 March 2022}}</ref> Every year, Jhulan Mela is celebrated around the Rajbari in July–August and Baro Dol (as it is held 12 days after [[Dol Purnima]]) in March–April every year. Rajbari is mostly visited for the celebration of different festivals. These include the popular Jhulan Mela and the festival of colours [[Holi]] or Baro Dol. The historical monument surrounded by a water-body known as Dighi has a beautiful Goddess Durga temple erected in its central courtyard.
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Bahadurpur Forest<ref name="nadia.nic.in" /> situated by the side of [[National Highway 34 (India)|NH 34]] in [[Krishnanagar II|Krishnanagar II Block]] has been chosen as a prospective spot for jungle safari. Hasadanga Beel,<ref name="nadia.nic.in" /> adjacent to Bahadurpur Forest, is a vast waterbody which can be transformed into a water sports complex. This [[beel]] has the potential to be developed as a safe haven for seasonal migratory birds.
Bahadurpur Forest<ref name="nadia.nic.in" /> situated by the side of [[National Highway 34 (India)|NH 34]] in [[Krishnanagar II|Krishnanagar II Block]] has been chosen as a prospective spot for jungle safari. Hasadanga Beel,<ref name="nadia.nic.in" /> adjacent to Bahadurpur Forest, is a vast waterbody which can be transformed into a water sports complex. This [[beel]] has the potential to be developed as a safe haven for seasonal migratory birds.
===Other places of interest===
* Adhar Sweets - Adhar Chandra Das & Sons, an authentic and eminent Sweet shop in the heart of the city Krishnanagar offers distinctive, traditional and quality sweets of its own kind. They are the inventor of two famed Bengali sweets Sarpuria and Sarvaja which is famous all over Krishnanagar.
* Sangeeta Cinema Hall.<ref name="nadia.nic.in" />
* Rabindra bhawan<ref name="nadia.nic.in" />
* Krishnagar Hut (demolished)
* Krishnagar Zilla Parishad Conference Hall (demolished)
* College Bhavan (1846)
* Public Library (1856)
* Bagan is a horticultural garden run by the state government.
* Anandamoyi Tola Kali Bari (আনন্দময়ীতলা কালীবাড়ি),
* Siddheshwari Kalibari Mandir (সিদ্ধেশ্বরী কালীবাড়ি মন্দির),
*Protestant Church (1840s)<ref name=":0" />
*[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Krishnagar]],<ref name="nadia.nic.in" /> a Catholic church, is famous for its architectural and sculptural splendour. There are 27 oil paintings describing the life of Lord Jesus Christ. Of special mentions are the wooden sculptures by Italian artists. The Church portrays the awesome architecture and wooden sculpture of that era. There are twenty seven oil paintings depicting the entire life of Jesus Christ.
[[File:Krishnanagar christo mandir.jpg|thumb|Krishnanagar Christo Mandir]]


==Notable people==
==Notable people==
[[File:Dwijendralal Roy.jpg|thumb|Dwijendralal Roy]]
[[File:Dwijendralal Roy.jpg|thumb|Dwijendralal Roy]]
*[[Dwijendralal Ray]]<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Historical Perspective|url=http://nadia.gov.in/Historical_Perspective/historical_perspective.html|access-date=2020-06-26|website=nadia.gov.in}}</ref> (1863–1913), Indian poet, playwright, and lyricist, was born in Krishnanagar. Dwijendralal had a literary bent of mind and started writing poems while still in his teens. While still a student, he wrote ''Aryagatha'' (Part 1, 1882). During his stay in England, he wrote ''The Lyrics of Ind'' in 1886. Among his other books are collections of poems and songs: ''Aryagatha'' (Part 2, 1894), ''Hasir Gan'' (1900), ''Mandra'' (1902), ''Alekhya'' (1907), and ''Triveni'' (1912). His sketches and satires include ''Ekghare'' (1889), ''Samaj Bibhrat O Kalki Avatar'' (1895), ''Tryahasparsha'' (1900), ''Prayashchitta'' (1902), and ''Punarjanma'' (1911). He also wrote plays, many of which are included in university syllabi. Among his mythical plays are ''Pasani'' (1900), ''Sita'' (1908), and ''Visma'' (1914). His social plays include ''Parapare'' (1912) and ''Banganari'' (1916). He also wrote a number of historical plays: ''Tarabai'' (1903), ''Rana Pratapsingh'' (1905), ''Mebar Patan'' (1908), ''Nurjahan'' (1908), ''Sajahan'' (1909), and ''Chandragupta'' (1911). He is specially remembered for his historical plays. He was also a well-known composer of modern songs.
*[[Dwijendralal Ray]]<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Historical Perspective|url=http://nadia.gov.in/Historical_Perspective/historical_perspective.html|access-date=2020-06-26|website=nadia.gov.in}}</ref> (1863–1913), Indian poet, playwright, and lyricist, was born in Krishnanagar.
*[[Ramtanu Lahiri]] (1813–1898)<ref name=":1" /> was a young Bengal leader, a renowned teacher, and a social reformer. [[Peary Chand Mitra]] wrote about him, “There are few persons in whom the milk of kindness flows so abundantly. He was never wanting in appreciation of what was right, and in his sympathy with the advanced principles.” Sivanath Sastri's Ramtanu Lahiri Tatkalin Bangasamj, published in 1903, was not only his biography but also an overview of Bengali society of the era, “a remarkable social document on the period of the Bengal Renaissance.” It is still widely read and used as reference material for the period.
*[[Ramtanu Lahiri]] (1813–1898),<ref name=":1" /> Bengal leader, teacher, and social reformer.
*[[Jagadananda Roy]]<ref name="nadia.nic.in"/> (1869–1933), a scientific article writer, was born in a landed aristocratic family in Krishnanagar. He taught in a local missionary school for some time. His flair for writing on scientific matters in a simple and lucid style brought him into contact with [[Rabindranath Tagore|Rabindranath]] who was then the editor of Sadhana. Rabindranath found these writings very attractive and when he found that Jagadananda was in dire straits, he offered him a job on his estate. Knowing that this work was not appropriate for someone like Jagadananda, he also asked him to teach his children. When the Brahmacharyasrama was founded, he brought Jagadananda over to Santiniketan as a teacher. He was the first Sarvadhyaksha of the school. A dedicated teacher, he taught continuously until his retirement in 1932, after which he continued to take Mathematics classes voluntarily. He wrote a number of books on popular science, his mission being to propagate scientific truth in simple Bengali in the manner of [[Ramendra Sundar Tribedi|Ramendrasundar Trivedi]]. ''Graha-Nakshatra'', ''Prakritiki'', ''Vaijnaniki'', ''Jagadishchandrer Avishkar'', and ''Banglar Pakhi'' were some of his books.
*[[Jagadananda Roy]]<ref name="nadia.nic.in"/> (1869–1933), a scientific article writer
[[File:Bagha.jpg|thumb|Bagha Jatin]]
[[File:Bagha.jpg|thumb|Bagha Jatin]]
*[[Jatindranath Mukhopadhyay|Bagha Jatin]] (born Jatindranath Mukherjee) (7 December 1879 – 10 September 1915) was an Indian Bengali revolutionary philosopher against British rule. He was the principal leader of the [[Jugantar party|Yugantar party]] that was the central association of revolutionaries in Bengal. Having personally met the German Crown-Prince in Calcutta shortly before [[World War I]], he obtained the promise of arms and ammunition from Germany; as such, he was responsible for the planned German Plot during World War I.
*[[Jatindranath Mukhopadhyay|Bagha Jatin]] (born Jatindranath Mukherjee) (7 December 1879 – 10 September 1915) was an Indian Bengali revolutionary philosopher against British rule.
*[[Sudhir Chakravarti]] (1934 – 2020) was a Bengali educationist and essayist. He made a vast contribution in Bengal's folk culture development and research. Chakravarti had completely changed the style of colonial prose with his new narrative style. He,successfully had replaced the prevailing idea of essay based writing being something of heavy scholarly matter, with his graceful and humorous prose language.
*[[Sudhir Chakravarti]] (1934–2020) was a Bengali educationist and essayist.  
*[[Soumitra chattopadhyay|Soumitra Chattopadhyay]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Notable Personalities|url=http://nadia.gov.in/DICO/NOTABLEPERSONALITIES.html|access-date=2020-06-26|website=nadia.gov.in}}</ref> (1935 – 2020)is an Indian film and stage actor and poet. He is best known for his collaborations with film director Satyajit Ray, with whom he worked in fourteen films, and his constant comparison with the Bengali cinema screen idol [[Uttam Kumar]], his contemporary leading man of the 1960s and 1970s.
*[[Soumitra chattopadhyay|Soumitra Chattopadhyay]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Notable Personalities|url=http://nadia.gov.in/DICO/NOTABLEPERSONALITIES.html|access-date=2020-06-26|website=nadia.gov.in}}</ref> (1935–2020)is an Indian film and stage actor and poet.  
*[[Kazi Nazrul Islam]], the poet stayed at [[Grace Cottage, Krishnanagar]] between 1926 and 1928. Nazrul wrote number of his famous poems, including Daridro, Phani Manasa, Samyabadi, Puber Hawa and the novel Mrityu Khudha while staying in Krishnanagar.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Plan for Nazrul archive at home|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/plan-for-nazrul-archive-at-home/cid/457429|access-date=2020-09-24|website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref>
*[[Kazi Nazrul Islam]], the poet stayed at [[Grace Cottage, Krishnanagar]] between 1926 and 1928.
 
*Bijoy Lal Chattopadhyay, nationalist poet
* [[Narayan Sanyal]]
* [[Narayan Sanyal]]
* [[Hemanta Kumar Sarkar]]
* [[Hemanta Kumar Sarkar]]
* [[Haripada Chattopadhyay]]
* [[Haripada Chattopadhyay]]
* [[Dilip Kumar Roy]]
* [[Dilip Kumar Roy]]
* [[Lahiri Mahasaya]]
* [[Lahiri Mahasaya]]
* [[Subhash Mukhopadhyay (poet)|Subhash Mukhopadhyay]]
* [[Subhash Mukhopadhyay (poet)|Subhash Mukhopadhyay]]
* [[Charles Gmelin]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/24522180|title=Prejudice & patriotism: When is a Briton not a Briton?|last=Tom Fordyce|date=October 17, 2013|website=bbc.com|access-date=May 24, 2017}}</ref> (First British [[Olympic Games]] award-winning athlete) were born in this city.  
* [[Charles Gmelin]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/24522180|title=Prejudice & patriotism: When is a Briton not a Briton?|last=Tom Fordyce|date=October 17, 2013|website=bbc.com|access-date=May 24, 2017}}</ref> (First British [[Olympic Games]] award-winning athlete) were born in this city.  
* [[Pramod Ranjan Sengupta]], Socialist revolutionary and member of the [[Indian National Army]]
* [[Pramod Ranjan Sengupta]], Socialist revolutionary and member of the [[Indian National Army]]
 
* [[Khudiram Das|Dr. Khudiram Das]], Ram Tanu Lahiri Professor, [[University of Calcutta|Calcutta University]]
* [[Khudiram Das|Dr. Khudiram Das]] , Ram Tanu Lahiri Professor, [[University of Calcutta|Calcutta University]]
 
* [[Monomohun Ghose]]
* [[Monomohun Ghose]]
* [[Lalmohan Ghosh]]
* [[Lalmohan Ghosh]]
 
* [[Jagannath Majumdar]]
* [[Bina Das]]
* [[Bina Das]]
* [[Anantahari Mitra]]
* [[Bipradas Pal Chowdhury]]
* [[Dilip Bagchi]]
* [[Abhijit Banerjee]], Nobel Memorial Prize winner.
* [[Sudhir Chakraborty]]


==Educational Institutes==
==Educational Institutes==
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*[[C.M.S St. John's High School]] (Oldest school in Nadia, established 1834)
*[[C.M.S St. John's High School]] (Oldest school in Nadia, established 1834)
[[File:C.M.S St. John&#039;s High School 03.jpg|thumb|C.M.S St. John's High School]]
[[File:C.M.S St. John&#039;s High School 03.jpg|thumb|C.M.S St. John's High School]]
*[[Krishnanagar Debnath High School]]
*[[Krishnanagar Debnath High School]] (Has a rich history dating back to 1873)
*Kendriya Vidyalaya B.S.F., Krishnagar
*Kendriya Vidyalaya B.S.F., Krishnagar
*Krishnanagar High School
*Krishnanagar High School
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*[[Don Bosco Higher Secondary School, Dimapur|Don Bosco Higher Secondary School]]
*[[Don Bosco Higher Secondary School, Dimapur|Don Bosco Higher Secondary School]]
*Jagabandhu Sishu Niketan
*Jagabandhu Sishu Niketan
[[File:Krishnanagar Govt college.jpg|thumb|Krishnanagar Government College]]
[[File:Krishnanagar Govt college.jpg|thumb|Krishnanagar Government College]]


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==== Government–Operated colleges ====
==== Government–Operated colleges ====
 
* [[Krishnagar Government College]]:<ref name="nadia.nic.in" /> The college building is under the Maintenance of ASI, It was established in the year 1846.<ref>{{Cite web|title=:: Krishnagar Government College ::|url=https://www.krishnagargovtcollege.org/|access-date=2020-09-24|website=www.krishnagargovtcollege.org}}</ref>
* [[Krishnagar Government College]]:<ref name="nadia.nic.in" /> The college building is under the Maintenance of ASI, It was established in the year 1846. Various popular dignitaries studied here in past.<ref>{{Cite web|title=:: Krishnagar Government College ::|url=https://www.krishnagargovtcollege.org/|access-date=2020-09-24|website=www.krishnagargovtcollege.org}}</ref>
* [[Dwijendralal College]]
* [[Dwijendralal College]]
* [http://www.krishnagarwomenscollege.org.in/ Krishnanagar Women's College]
* Krishnanagar Women's College
* [[Bipradas Pal Chowdhury Institute of Technology]] (Polytechnic college)
* [[Bipradas Pal Chowdhury Institute of Technology]]


====Private colleges====
====Private colleges====
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* Global Institute Of Education (GIE)
* Global Institute Of Education (GIE)
* Global Private Industrial Technical Institute (GPITI)
* Global Private Industrial Technical Institute (GPITI)
* Krishnanagar B.Ed. College.
* Krishnanagar B.Ed. College.
* Pragati ITI
 
 
 
'''University:'''
 
Kanyashree University<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home {{!}} Kanyashree University |url=https://www.kanyashreeuniversity.ac.in/ |access-date=2024-12-14 |website=www.kanyashreeuniversity.ac.in}}</ref> (established in 2020): women-only university in Krishnanagar, Nadia. 
==See also==
*[[Nadia District]]
*[[Ranaghat]]
*[[Chakdaha]]
*[[Kalyani subdivision|Kalyani]]
*[[Chandannagar]]
*[[Basirhat]]
*[[Barasat]]


== References ==
== References ==
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== External links ==
== External links ==
*  
* {{Commons category-inline|Krishnanagar}}
*  
* {{Wikivoyage inline|Krishnanagar}}
* [https://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9046253/Krishnanagar Krishnanagar at Encyclopædia Britannica]
* [https://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9046253/Krishnanagar Krishnanagar at Encyclopædia Britannica]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090410053047/http://www.wb.nic.in/dist/nadia.html#krishna Krishnanagar at Nadia district gov't website]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090410053047/http://www.wb.nic.in/dist/nadia.html#krishna Krishnanagar at Nadia district gov't website]

Revision as of 11:33, 11 February 2026

Krishnanagar
Krishnagar
Reui
Krishnanagar Palace
Old Gate of the Krishnanagar Rajbari
Krishnanagar Rajbari Thakur Dalan
Location in West Bengal, India
Krishnanagar is located in India
Krishnanagar
Krishnanagar
Krishnanagar (India)
Coordinates: 23°24′N 88°30′E / 23.4°N 88.5°E / 23.4; 88.5
Country India
State West Bengal
DistrictNadia
Government
 • TypeMunicipality
 • BodyKrishnanagar Municipality
Area
 • City15.96 km2 (6.16 sq mi)
Elevation
14 m (46 ft)
Population
 (2011)[2]
 • City181,182
 • Density11,000/km2 (29,000/sq mi)
 • Metro203,429
Languages
 • OfficialBengali, English
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
ZIP code(s)
741101 to 741103
Area code03472
Vehicle registrationWB-51, WB-52
Lok Sabha constituencyKrishnanagar
Member of ParliamentMahua Moitra
Vidhan Sabha constituencyKrishnanagar North
Krishnanagar South
Websitenadia.nic.in

Krishnanagar (/ˌkrɪʃnəˈnʌɡər/; bn) is a city and a municipality[4] in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is the headquarters of the Nadia district.[5]

History

Krishnanagar municipality was established in 1864 and is one of the oldest municipalities in Bengal. It is claimed to be named after Krishna Chandra Roy (1728–1782).[6] Previously, the city (village) was called 'Reui' (রেউই). The Rajbari built here during Roy's reign is a prominent tourist attraction, though the remnants of past glory have been eroded and only a dilapidated structure of the exquisite places with carvings on inner walls remain today.[7]

Geography

Krishnanagar is located at 23°24′N 88°30′E / 23.4°N 88.5°E / 23.4; 88.5.[8] The area of the municipality is around 16 km2. It is situated on the southern banks of the Jalangi River.[4] It has an average elevation of 14 metres (46 ft). The Tropic of Cancer passes through the outskirts of Krishnanagar. The latitude of the Tropic of Cancer is 23° 26′ 5″ N.

Climate

In summer, from April to June, the weather remains hot and temperatures range from a minimum of 26 °C (79 °F) to a maximum of 35 °C (95 °F).

Monsoon season prevails, beginning from June to mid-September. Also, retrieving monsoon from mid-October until mid-November[8]

The weather is quite pleasant in winter, with a scorching summer. The level of moisture increases during summers.

Climate data for Krishnanagar (1991–2020, extremes 1885–2020)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 36.8
(98.2)
38.8
(101.8)
42.2
(108.0)
45.0
(113.0)
46.1
(115.0)
45.5
(113.9)
43.0
(109.4)
43.0
(109.4)
38.5
(101.3)
38.2
(100.8)
38.0
(100.4)
36.0
(96.8)
46.1
(115.0)
Average high °C (°F) 25.0
(77.0)
28.6
(83.5)
32.7
(90.9)
35.8
(96.4)
36.5
(97.7)
35.4
(95.7)
33.1
(91.6)
33.2
(91.8)
33.2
(91.8)
32.4
(90.3)
30.1
(86.2)
26.8
(80.2)
31.7
(89.1)
Average low °C (°F) 11.4
(52.5)
15.5
(59.9)
19.1
(66.4)
23.5
(74.3)
24.6
(76.3)
25.5
(77.9)
25.7
(78.3)
25.7
(78.3)
24.9
(76.8)
23.2
(73.8)
17.8
(64.0)
13.2
(55.8)
20.6
(69.1)
Record low °C (°F) 0.9
(33.6)
3.9
(39.0)
7.5
(45.5)
13.5
(56.3)
15.5
(59.9)
16.0
(60.8)
12.0
(53.6)
14.0
(57.2)
16.0
(60.8)
12.0
(53.6)
7.0
(44.6)
4.4
(39.9)
0.9
(33.6)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 6.7
(0.26)
20.2
(0.80)
20.2
(0.80)
31.5
(1.24)
96.3
(3.79)
170.5
(6.71)
261.6
(10.30)
175.2
(6.90)
218.5
(8.60)
112.5
(4.43)
10.2
(0.40)
6.8
(0.27)
1,130
(44.49)
Average rainy days 0.9 1.0 1.5 2.0 4.9 8.6 13.2 9.9 9.5 5.1 0.8 0.2 57.6
Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST) 65 61 62 64 66 75 79 80 78 77 73 72 71
Source: India Meteorological Department[9][10]

Demographics

In the 2011 Indian census,[11] Krishnanagar city had a population of 181,182, with 91,583 males and 89,599 females. It is at the centre of a bigger urban agglomeration which as of the 2011 census, had a population of 203,429.[3] The urban agglomeration had a sex ratio of 978 females per 1,000 males.[3] The child sex ratio is 926 girls per 1,000 boys. 7.5% of the population were under six years old.[3] The effective literacy rate was 88.09%, of which male and female literacy was 90.84% and 85.29%, respectively.[3]

The following municipality and census towns were part of Krishnanagar Urban Agglomeration in 2011 census: Krishnanagar (M), Baruihuda (CT), Paschimbhatjangla (CT) and Sonda.[12]

Religions in Krishnanagar
Religion Percent
Hinduism
90.82%
Christianity
6.07%
Islam
2.98%
Others†
0.15%
Distribution of religions
Includes Sikhs (0.04%), Buddhists (0.02%) and Jains (0.01%).

Languages spoken in Krishnanagar City (2011)[13]

  Bengali (97.46%)
  Hindi (2.02%)
  Santali (0.15%)
  Bhojpuri (0.11%)
  Malayalam (0.054%)
  Others (0.18%)

Administration

Krishnanagar Municipality front entrance

Krishnanagar city is governed by Krishnanagar Municipality,[14] which comes under Krishnanagar Municipal Region. The area of the municipality is divided into 25 wards with 25 councillors. Krishnanagar is the administrative headquarters of Nadia district. Krishnanagar is the centre for all administration purposes.[14] The parties which contest for the elections are Trinomool Congress, Indian National Congress, BJP, and CPIM. The board of councillors elect a chairman from among its elected members; the chairman is the executive head of the municipality. The elected members of this body are authorised to manage education, health, tourism, and the overall development of the area.

Medical Facilities

As Krishnanagar is the headquarter of Nadia District,[4] it gets some of the added facilities. Apart from Government Hospitals, there are private-run nursing home as well.

Water

As Krishnanagar[14] is city just beside the Jalangi River (Tributary of River Ganges), one can also avail water transport. Regular boat transport is also available from Krishnanagar to other parts.

Police stations

Kotwali Police Station (also known as Krishnanagar PS) has jurisdiction over Krishnanagar municipality and Krishnanagar I CD Block.[15][16] The total area covered by the police station is 289.15 km2 and the population covered is 456,969 (2001 census).[17]

Women Police Station was established in 2012.[18]

Transport

Krishnanagar[14] is 100 kilometres (62 mi) north of Kolkata. Being the district headquarters, residents of Krishnanagar enjoy some unique facilities as far as transport is concerned: wide roads, intracity connectivity by auto rickshaws, cycle rickshaws, E-rickshaws, service buses, and magic taxis (aka Toto). Express buses are available for places like Kolkata, Malda, Siliguri, Berhampore, Howrah, Purulia, Asansol, Durgapur, Bolpur, Kirnahar, Suri, Tarakeswar etc. from the city's Bus Stand or PWD stand very close to NH 12. The nearest airports are Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Airport, which is 98 kilometres (61 mi) by road, and Kazi Nazrul Airport, which is 176 kilometres (109 mi) by road.

Bus Stand

Road

NH 12 passes through Krishnanagar. As Krishnanagar is the administrative headquarters of the Nadia district, it acts as the link between North Bengal and South Bengal. There are bus services on a regular basis from South Bengal to North Bengal and vice versa. All buses that start from Kolkata to North Bengal halt at Krishnanagar (Pantha Tirtha/Church Gate/Palpara). Krishnanagar has a main bus stand at the centre of the city, which is a destination of various long, mid-and short-distance places. It is connected directly to Kolkata, Siliguri Bardhaman, Durgapur, Tarakeswar, Siuri, and Asansol by road. Locally, it is connected to Ranaghat, Kolkata, Santipur, Mayapur, and Nabadwip. Krishnanagar is connected with Shikarpur (Route no 1), Patrikabari Ghat (Route no 2A) (via state highway 11), Hridaypur (Route no 4), Ranabandh Ghat (Route no 5), Nabadwip (Route no 8), Ranaghat (Route no 9, 17, 17B), Kalna Ghat (Route no 18), Patuli Ghat (Route no 25), Matiari (Route no 29), Bablari (Route no 30A), Tehatta Ghat (Route no 37), Palashi Monument (Route no 39) and Nonaganj (Route no 41). Krishnanagar is also connected with other places such as Karimpur, Khalboalia, Majdia, Birpur Ghat, Hular Ghat, Katwa Ghat, Hatisala Ghat, Ichapur Ghat, Sibpur Ghat, and Shimulia.

Rail

Krishnanagar City Junction railway station

Krishnanagar City Junction railway station[14] is a junction on the Lalgola branch line of the Eastern Railway. Local EMU trains are the most convenient option to reach Kolkata.

All trains going to or coming from Lalgola stop at Krishnanagar. MEMU trains depart from Ranaghat heading for Bahrampur and vice versa stops at Krishnanagar.

EMU (Broad gauge local) train service between these two cities Santipur and Krishnanagar have started, and will be extended to Nabadwip and will be open for passengers shortly. 13103/13104 Sealdah-Lalgola Bhagirathi Express, 13113/13114 Hazarduari Express, Lalgola Fast Passenger and a few Lalgola Passenger are the trains that run daily. Kolkata-Lalgola triweekly Express (Dhanadhanye Express) is also an express train that takes the Sealdah-Lalgola route. Ladies special (Matribhumi local) from Krishnanagar to Sealdah runs every day. The line extends to north Bengal via Ajimganj / Nasipur Bridge and will be used by Darjeeling Mail (sdah-njp) from the December at the end of year.[which?]

Culture

Krishnanagar is an important centre for culture and literature. It counts literary figures such as Ray Gunakor Bharatchandra, Ramprasad Sen, Dwijendralal Ray and Narayan Sanyal among many others. There is also a strong tradition of stage acting and Indian revolutionary movements. Several elegant pieces of handicraft arts can also be found in this region, namely the handicraft in making of carpet, bamboo and jute crafts, miniature paintings. a horticultural research station and jute nursery, and an agricultural training centre.

Jagaddhatri Puja is celebrated with grandeur in Krishnanagar, the illumination for Jagaddhatri Puja is mostly crafted by local artisans, with only occasional use of Chandannagar lights. The origins of Jagaddhatri Puja in Krishnanagar can be traced back to the 18th century, when it was first celebrated by Maharaja Krishna Chandra, the king of Krishnanagar. Initiated by Krishna Chandra in 1762, is the crowning glory of the annual festival. The Maharaja's absence from the Durga Puja that year left him heartbroken as he could not offer his prayers to Maa Durga. Returning by boat on Dasami, the day of idol immersion, the Maharaja saw the idols being immersed in the river and was overcome with grief. However, in a dream that night, he saw a teenage Goddess seated on a lion, resembling a white horse, assuring him that she would come to him on the Sukla Nabami tithi in the Bengali month of Kartick (October–November). Following her divine instructions, an idol of Goddess Jagaddhatri was sculpted and the puja was performed with great pomp and splendor. Jagaddhatri Puja is celebrated across the local clubs & Barowari's of Krishnanagar, with each of them have its own unique customs and traditions. They are essentially different neighborhoods or communities within the town, each with its own distinct identity and character. The most prominent of them all is Chasapara Barowari Puja where the deity is called Burima. This festival that has been celebrated for over 100 years, is known for its grandeur and splendor. The festival is organized by the Chasapara Barowari Committee, and it is celebrated with great enthusiasm and devotion by the locals. The festival is known for its magnificent pandal decorations, which are designed based on various themes and concepts. The pandals are adorned with colorful lights, flowers, and other decorative items, making them a visual treat for the visitors. During the Puja, the locals also perform a unique ritual called "chokkhudaan" where they offer their eyes to the Goddess in the form of a symbolic gesture. This ritual is believed to signify the devotee's willingness to see the truth and the divine light. The festival is also known for its colorful processions, which are accompanied by the beats of the dhak, a traditional Indian percussion instrument. One of the notable features of this Chasapara Barowari is the heavily adornment of Burima with gold jewellery. It is believed that Burima fulfills her true devotees wishes. [19]

Krishnanagar is also famous for its Barodol Mela. Maharaja Krishnachandra, a devoted husband, once failed to fulfill his promise of taking his beloved queen to the neighboring fair at Ula Birnagar. To make up for it, he organized a grand festival in his own palace where 12 idols of Krishna were invited for a month-long stay. The tradition continues to this day, with the royal household playing a vital role in the festival's success, even though its splendor has faded somewhat over time.The festival is normally held after the Dolyatra in the Sukla Ekadashi tithi. It begins with the arrival of 12 idols of Krishna, each representing a different form of the deity. The idols are displayed for public viewing for the first three days of the festival, after which they retire to a temple inside the palace as guests of the patron deity Boro Narayan. Meanwhile, the month-long fair takes place in the vast field next to the old fort's gate, open to all who wish to participate. The fairgrounds are alive with the sounds of vendors hawking their wares, performers entertaining the crowds, and children laughing and screaming in delight as they ride the rides. The fair also provides a platform for local artisans to showcase their skills and sell their wares. From the clay toy makers to the handloom weavers, the fair is an opportunity for these artisans to display their products to a wider audience and earn a living.[20]

Places of interest

A piece of work at ghurni

Ghurni

The famous area called Ghurni is the birthplace of Yogiraj Sri Shyama Charan Lahiri Mahasaya, fountain-head of Kriya Yoga.[21] Ghurni is the neighbourhood of the clay artists. Open studios and shops of the artists comprise an important attraction for tourists.

Rajbari

Entrance of Royal Palace

Rajbari, also known as the Krishnanagar Palace, is a royal palace with a Durga temple in the courtyard. The Durga puja was started by Raja Rudra Roy, the great-grandfather of Raja Krishnachandra Roy.[22] Every year, Jhulan Mela is celebrated around the Rajbari in July–August and Baro Dol (as it is held 12 days after Dol Purnima) in March–April every year. Rajbari is mostly visited for the celebration of different festivals. These include the popular Jhulan Mela and the festival of colours Holi or Baro Dol. The historical monument surrounded by a water-body known as Dighi has a beautiful Goddess Durga temple erected in its central courtyard.

Anandamoyee Kali Temple at Krishnnagar

Bethuadahari Forest

Bethuadahari Forest, a forest covering about 67 hectares, is located at Bethuadahari which is situated about 22 km from Krishnanagar.[14] This forest is an extended deer park. The forest was established in 1980 to preserve the biodiversity of the central Gangetic alluvial zone. A census of 1998 reveals a population of 295 deer in this forest and other wildlife includes python, jungle cat, porcupine, monitor lizard, snake, and a variety of birds (around 50 species).

Bahadurpur Forest[14] situated by the side of NH 34 in Krishnanagar II Block has been chosen as a prospective spot for jungle safari. Hasadanga Beel,[14] adjacent to Bahadurpur Forest, is a vast waterbody which can be transformed into a water sports complex. This beel has the potential to be developed as a safe haven for seasonal migratory birds.

Notable people

Dwijendralal Roy
Bagha Jatin

Educational Institutes

There are various Government and private run schools affiliated with the West Bengal Board of Secondary Education, The Indian Council for Secondary Examination (ICSE), Delhi board and Kendriya Vidyalaya, and the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE).

Krishnagar Collegiate School
C.M.S St. John's High School
  • Krishnanagar Debnath High School (Has a rich history dating back to 1873)
  • Kendriya Vidyalaya B.S.F., Krishnagar
  • Krishnanagar High School
  • Krishnanagar Government Girls' High School
  • Krishnanagar Lady Carmichael Girls' Higher Secondary School
  • Krishnanagar A.V. High School (established 1849)
  • Shaktinagar High School
  • Holy Family Girls School
  • Kabi Vijoylal H.S. Institute
  • Ram Baux Chetlangia High School
  • Mrinalini Girls High School
  • Swarnamayee Girls High School
  • Ghurni High School
  • Helen Keller Smriti Vidya Mandir
  • Krishnagar Akshay Vidyapith Girls High School
  • Kalinagar High School (H.S.)
  • Krishnagar Anatheswar adarswa Vidya Pith (A.A.V.P.)
  • Bishop Morrow School (formerly known as Mary Immaculate School)
  • Krishnanagar Academy (from class 3 to class 12) also known as Ramtanu Lahiri Academy (from lower nursery to class 2)
  • Krishnagar Public School (KPS)
  • Don Bosco Higher Secondary School
  • Jagabandhu Sishu Niketan
Krishnanagar Government College

Colleges

Government–Operated colleges

Private colleges

  • Global Institute of Management & Technology (GIMT)
  • Global College Of Science And Technology (GCST)
  • Global Institute Of Education (GIE)
  • Global Private Industrial Technical Institute (GPITI)
  • Krishnanagar B.Ed. College.


University:

Kanyashree University[28] (established in 2020): women-only university in Krishnanagar, Nadia.

See also

References

  1. "Krishnanagar City".
  2. "View Population". Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 27 March 2012.
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 "Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011; Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above" (PDF). Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. p. 6. Retrieved 27 March 2012.
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Krishnagar" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 927..
  5. https://nadia.gov.in/profile/ Official Website of Nadia District
  6. "Tourism-Details". nadia.gov.in. Retrieved 26 June 2020.
  7. "Krishnanagar, the land of mesmerising clay toys and figurines". www.outlookindia.com/. Retrieved 17 September 2021.
  8. 8.0 8.1 Falling Rain Genomics, Inc – Krishnanagar
  9. "Climatological Tables of Observatories in India 1991-2020" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. Retrieved 8 April 2024.
  10. "Station: Krishnanagar Climatological Table 1981–2010" (PDF). Climatological Normals 1981–2010. India Meteorological Department. January 2015. pp. 435–436. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 10 January 2021.
  11. "Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)". Census Commission of India. Archived from the original on 16 June 2004. Retrieved 1 November 2008.
  12. "Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011" (PDF). Constituents of Urban Agglomeration Having Population Above 1 Lakh. Census of India 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2020.
  13. 2011 census data censusindia.gov.in
  14. 14.00 14.01 14.02 14.03 14.04 14.05 14.06 14.07 14.08 14.09 Krishnanagar,_Nadia,_India Krishnanagar, Nadia, India.
  15. "District Statistical Handbook 2014 Nadia". Table 2.1. Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal. Retrieved 7 October 2020.
  16. "Nadia District Police". Police Unit. West Bengal Police. Archived from the original on 28 May 2017. Retrieved 17 May 2017.
  17. "Krishnaganj Police Station Details". Nadia Police. Archived from the original on 29 March 2016. Retrieved 17 May 2017.
  18. "Women Police Station Details". Nadia Police. Archived from the original on 29 March 2016. Retrieved 17 May 2017.
  19. "ENCHANTING GRANDEUR OF JAGADDHATRI PUJA IN KRISHNANAGAR: A CELEBRATION OF CULTURE AND TRADITION". Celebration of Jagaddhatri Puja in Krishnanagar. Manas Pratim Biswas. Retrieved 26 February 2023.
  20. "BARODOL MELA: A CULTURAL EXTRAVAGANZA OF KRISHNANAGAR". Celebration of Barodol Mela in Krishnanagar. Manas Pratim Biswas. Retrieved 26 February 2023.
  21. "Yogiraj Shyamacharan Sanatan Mission". Archived from the original on 10 May 2012. Retrieved 2 April 2012.
  22. CHAUDHURI, SUBHASISH (9 October 2016). "A royal Puja for people of Nadia". The Telegraph (India). Krishnagar. Retrieved 20 March 2022.
  23. 23.0 23.1 "Historical Perspective". nadia.gov.in. Retrieved 26 June 2020.
  24. "Notable Personalities". nadia.gov.in. Retrieved 26 June 2020.
  25. Tom Fordyce (17 October 2013). "Prejudice & patriotism: When is a Briton not a Briton?". bbc.com. Retrieved 24 May 2017.
  26. "Education First". school.banglarshiksha.gov.in. Retrieved 24 September 2020.
  27. ":: Krishnagar Government College ::". www.krishnagargovtcollege.org. Retrieved 24 September 2020.
  28. "Home | Kanyashree University". www.kanyashreeuniversity.ac.in. Retrieved 14 December 2024.

Sources

External links