List of ports in India: Difference between revisions

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{{short description|Wikipedia list article}}
{{short description|none}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2011}}
[[Image:airports and seaports map.png|thumb|Map showing the location of airports and seaports in India|319x319px]]
[[Image:airports and seaports map.png|thumb|Map showing the location of airports and seaports in India]]


India has a coastline spanning 7516.6 kilometres, forming one of the biggest [[peninsula]]s in the world. According to the [[Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways (India)|Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways]], around 95 per cent of India's trading by volume and 70 per cent by value is done through maritime transport. It is serviced by 13 major ports (12 Government-owned and one private) and 187 notified minor and intermediate ports. Port Blair which was notified as major port in 2010 was removed of its status recently. The total 200 major and non-major ports are present in the following States: Maharashtra (53); Gujarat (40); Tamil Nadu (15); Karnataka (10) and others (82).<ref name="ffgasjk">{{cite web|url=http://shipmin.gov.in/index1.php?lang=1&level=0&linkid=16&lid=64|title=MoS, GoI|archive-url=http://shipmin.gov.in/writereaddata/l892s/37906741-NonMajorp.pdf|archive-date=26 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
In India, ports are categorised into major ports and non-major ports (minor ports). As of 2024, the country has 14 major ports<ref name="GalatheaBay"/> and 217 non-major ports. Major ports are administered by the [[Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways (India)|Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways]] under the [[Government of India]], whereas non-major ports fall under the jurisdiction of State Maritime Boards of respective [[State governments of India|state governments]], including private ports operating under the [[public–private partnership]] (PPP) model. Among the 217 non-major ports, cargo is handled only at 68 ports, others are used by [[fishing vessel]]s and [[ferries]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Financial Assistance of approx of about Rs. 1891 crore released under Sagarmala schemes, 151 projects sanctioned till date |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetailm.aspx?PRID=1885078 |publisher=Pib.gov.in |access-date=10 May 2024 |date=20 December 2022}}</ref>


[[Government of India]] plans to modernise these ports and has approved a project called [[Sagarmala]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Cabinet gives 'in principle' nod to concept of Sagarmala project|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-03-27/news/60475179_1_waterways-varanasi-haldia-port-led-development|access-date=4 July 2015|publisher=Economic Times, Times of India|date=27 March 2015}}</ref>
India has a coastline of 11,098 kilometres,<ref>{{Cite web | title=MHA: India's recalculated coastline up 48% in 53 years {{!}} India News - Times of India | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/mha-indias-recalculated-coastline-up-48-in-53-years/articleshow/116927468.cms | access-date=2025-09-21 | website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref> forming one of the largest [[peninsula]]s in the world. According to the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways, around 95 percent of India's trading by volume and 70 percent by value is done through maritime transport. India's major ports handled highest ever cargo of 795 million tonne in FY23.<ref>|url=https://shipmin.gov.in/sites/default/files/Cargo%20handled%20at%20Major%20Ports%20January%202025%20%281%29.pdf</ref> [[Paradip Port]] is the largest container port in India.
The ports and shipping industry in India play a vital role in sustaining growth in the country's trade and commerce. The Indian Government has allowed Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) of up to 100 per cent under the automatic route for port and harbour construction and maintenance projects. The government has also initiated National Maritime Development Programme
, an initiative to develop the maritime sector with a planned outlay of US$11.8 billion.
Present by souvenir


==Classification of ports==
Due to the shallow depth of its east coast ports (8-12 meters),<ref name=transhp1/> India is unable to accommodate large ships,<ref name=transhp2/> causing 25% of its cargo to be diverted to deeper foreign ports<ref name=transhp3/> and resulting in an annual economic loss of Rs 1,500-4,500 crore.<ref name=transhp4/> In 2024, the upcoming [[International Container Transshipment Port, Galathea Bay]] was notified as India's 13th major port. Its first phase of development is expected to be commissioned in 2028.<ref name="GalatheaBay">{{cite news |last1=Simhan |first1=T. E. Raja |title=Galathea Bay: New major port can be game changer |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/logistics/galathea-bay-new-major-port-can-be-game-changer/article68776059.ece |access-date=10 December 2024 |work=[[Business Line]] |date=20 October 2024}}</ref> [[Port Blair]], which was notified as a major port in 2010, was later removed. The ports are spread across [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Goa]], [[Gujarat]], [[Karnataka]], [[Kerala]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Odisha]], [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]], [[Tamil Nadu]], and [[West Bengal]].<ref name="ffgasjk">{{cite web|url=http://shipmin.gov.in/index1.php?lang=1&level=0&linkid=16&lid=64|title=MoS, GoI|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205104458/http://shipmin.gov.in/index1.php?lang=1&level=0&linkid=16&lid=64|archive-date=5 February 2016|url-status=bot: unknown|access-date=26 March 2019}}</ref> Government of India plans to build new greenfield ports and also built associated infrastructure such as railway lines through the 2015 established [[Sagar Mala project]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Cabinet gives 'in principle' nod to concept of Sagarmala project|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-03-27/news/60475179_1_waterways-varanasi-haldia-port-led-development|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402015754/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-03-27/news/60475179_1_waterways-varanasi-haldia-port-led-development|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 April 2015|access-date=4 July 2015|publisher=Economic Times, Times of India|date=27 March 2015}}</ref> and National Maritime Development Program.<ref>{{Cite web|date=17 December 2015|title=National Maritime Development Programme|url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=133484|access-date=2022-02-03|website=|publisher=Press Information Bureau, Government of India}}</ref>
Indian government has a [[federal government|federal structure]], and according to its [[Constitution of India|constitution]], [[maritime transport]] is to be administered by both the Central and the State governments. While the central government's [[Ministry of Shipping, Road Transport and Highways (India)|shipping ministry]] administers the major ports, the minor and intermediate ports are administered by the relevant departments or ministries in the nine coastal states [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Goa]], [[Gujarat]], [[Karnataka]], [[Kerala]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Odisha]], [[Tamil Nadu]] and [[West Bengal]]. Several of these 187 minor and intermediate ports have been identified by the respective governments to be developed, in a phased manner, a good proportion of them involving [[public–private partnership]].


Major ports handled over 74% of all cargo traffic in 2007. All except [[Kamarajar Port Limited]] are government administered, but private sector participation in ports has increased. There are also 7 [[shipyards]] under the control of the [[central government of India]], 2 shipyards controlled by state governments, and 19 privately owned shipyards.
==Shipping in India==


As of 2000, there were 102 shipping companies operating in [[India]], of which five were privately owned and based in India and one was owned by [[Shipping Corporation of India]]. There were 639 government-owned ships, including 91 oil tankers, 79 dry cargo bulk carriers, and 10 cellular container vessels. Indian-flagged vessels carried about 15 percent of overseas cargo at Indian ports for financial year 2003.
According to [[Constitution of India]], [[maritime transport]] is to be administered by both the Central and the State governments. While the central government's [[Ministry of Shipping, Road Transport and Highways (India)|shipping ministry]] administers the major ports, the minor and intermediate ports are administered by the relevant departments or ministries in the nine coastal states of [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Goa]], [[Gujarat]], [[Karnataka]], [[Kerala]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Odisha]], [[Tamil Nadu]] and [[West Bengal]]. Several of these 187 minor and intermediate ports have been identified by the respective governments to be developed, in a phased manner, a good proportion of them involving [[public–private partnership]].
 
The maritime boards of state governments administer control of minor ports owned by state governments. In 2018–19, minor ports of Gujarat alone handled total 542 MMT of cargo.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Media|first=Gateway|date=2019-04-05|title=GMB ports handle 400 mmt of cargo in 2018-19|url=http://www.maritimegateway.com/gmb-ports-handle-400-mmt-cargo-2018-19/|access-date=2020-08-15|website=Maritime Gateway}}</ref> Maharashtra Maritime Board sets record of handling 71 mn tons of cargo in 2022–23.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://infra.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/ports-shipping/maharashtra-maritime-board-sets-record-of-handling-71-mn-tons-of-cargo-in-2022-23/99192607 | title=Maharashtra Maritime Board sets record of handling 71 mn tons of cargo in 2022-23 - ET Infra }}</ref>
 
===Capacity===
 
The capacity of Indian ports currently stands at 2,604.99 mtpa.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/shipping-/-transport/cargo-handling-capacity-of-ports-to-rise-in-2024/articleshow/102203883.cms?from=mdr | title=Cargo handling capacity of ports to rise in 2024 | newspaper=The Economic Times | date=28 July 2023 | last1=Rajan | first1=Jessica }}</ref> The container throughput of Indian ports stood at 17 million TEUs for the period 2020.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1896934 | title=Maritime India Vision (MIV) 2030 estimates investments of Rs. 1,00,000–1,25,000 crore for capacity augmentation and development of world-class infrastructure at Indian Ports }}</ref> [[Mundra Port]] is the largest port as well as the highest capacity port in India, and it is also the largest container port by volume. It has a capacity to handle 338 MMT (Million Metric Tons) of cargo annually. [[Paradip Port]] has the 2nd highest cargo capacity of 150 MMT. [[Kandla Port]] has 3rd highest capacity.
 
===Ship building===
{{See also|List of Indian shipbuilders and shipyards}}
[[File:Eilat_20-05-2012_MV_Goa.JPG|thumb|MV Goa built by [[Hindustan Shipyard]] in 1997 for [[Shipping Corporation of India|SCI]]]]
India has been building large ships after the independence using companies like [[Hindustan Shipyard]], [[Pipavav Shipyard]] and [[Cochin Shipyard]]. ''SS Jala Usha'', a steamship built by [[Hindustan Shipyard]] in 1948 and the first of its kind to be built within the Indian subcontinent after WW-II.The first oil tanker built by Cochin Shipyard Limited (CSL) was the ''MV Rani Padmini'', which was delivered in July 1981.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2013-08-13 |title=Sailing successfully through a sea of change |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/sailing-successfully-through-a-sea-of-change/article5019891.ece |access-date=2024-11-08 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> India launched 93,000 DWT oil tanker in 2002 under [[Third Vajpayee ministry]], The ship named ''Maharshi Parashuram'' built by [[Cochin Shipyard]] was 237 meter long double vessel was fitted with 14,300 HP engine.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2002-01-22 |title=India's biggest oil tanker to be launched today |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/indias-biggest-oil-tanker-to-be-launched-today/articleshow/431598387.cms |access-date=2024-11-08 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> ''Abul Kalam Azad'' is another similar-size oil tanker ship built by [[Cochin Shipyard]] in 1999 which has been scrapped.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rowles |first=Grant |date=2018-01-01 |title=Shipping Corporation of India sends ageing tanker for scrap |url=https://splash247.com/shipping-corporation-of-india-sends-ageing-tanker-for-scrap/ |access-date=2024-11-08 |website=Splash247 |language=en-GB}}</ref>


===Ship breaking===
===Ship breaking===
{{anchor | Breaking | Ship breaking }}
{{anchor | Breaking | Ship breaking }}


As of January 2020, India has 30% share of [[Ship_breaking#India|ship breaking]] with annual US$1.1 billion revenue, which is lower than its potential business since India is not a signatory to [[Hong Kong International Convention for the safe and environmentally sound recycling of ships]]. Due to which treaty signatory nations, such as USA, Europe and Japan are not sending ships to India for breaking. India plans to pass the "Recycling of Ships Act, 2019" to ratify the Hong Kong treaty. This will allow India to capture its targeted 60% in the global ship breaking business while doubling the annual to US$2.3 billion target.<ref name=breakkro1>[https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/shipping-/-transport/india-eyes-60-per-cent-share-of-global-ship-recycling-business-higher-gdp-contribution-mandaviya/articleshow/72964082.cms India eyes 60 per cent share of global ship recycling business; higher GDP contribution], Economic Times, 30 December 2019.</ref> India's [[Alang|Alang-Sosiya Ship Breaking Yard]] is world's largest [[Ship graveyard|ships' graveyard]].<ref name=breakkro1/> Other ships' graveyard in India is the "Steel Industrials Kerala Limited".
{{As of|January 2020}}, India has 30% share of [[Ship breaking#India|ship breaking]] with annual US$1.1 billion revenue. India is a signatory to [[Hong Kong International Convention for the safe and environmentally sound recycling of ships]]. India plans to pass the "Recycling of Ships Act, 2019" to ratify the Hong Kong treaty. This will allow India to capture its targeted 60% in the global ship breaking business while doubling the annual to US$2.3 billion target.<ref name=breakkro1>[https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/shipping-/-transport/india-eyes-60-per-cent-share-of-global-ship-recycling-business-higher-gdp-contribution-mandaviya/articleshow/72964082.cms India eyes 60 per cent share of global ship recycling business; higher GDP contribution], Economic Times, 30 December 2019.</ref> India's [[Alang|Alang-Sosiya Ship Breaking Yard]] is world's largest [[Ship graveyard|ships' graveyard]].<ref name=breakkro1/> Other ship graveyards in India is the [[Steel Industries Kerala Limited|Steel Industrials Kerala Limited]] breaking unit.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sucheth|first=P R|date=26 May 2014|title=Locals up in Arms against SILK Ship-breaking Unit|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2014/may/26/locals-up-in-arms-against-silk-ship-breaking-unit-617533.html|access-date=2022-02-03|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>
 
==Ports in India==
 
===Sagar Mala: port-led development===
 
See [[Sagar Mala project]].


Largest Port in [[Arabian Sea]] - [[Mundra Port]] ([[Gujarat]])
===Transshipment ports===


Largest Port in [[Bay of Bengal]]-  [[Paradip Port]] ([[Orissa]])
Most ports on India's east coast have a depth of 8-12 metres, which is too shallow for large ships.<ref name=transhp1>[https://ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2106155.pdf A STUDY ON BERTH AND DEPTH OF MAJOR PORTS IN INDIA], ijcrt.org, accessed 9 Sept 2025.</ref> The world's major ports are 12-20 metres deep, which can handle ships weighing more than 1.65 lakh tonnes.<ref name=transhp2>[https://www.shipfinex.com/blog/top-10-biggest-ports-in-worldTop 10 Biggest Ports in the World: 2025 Ranking & Analysis], shipfinex.com, accessed 9 Sept 2025.</ref> That's why 25% of India's cargo goes through foreign ports like [[Port of Colombo|Colombo Port Sri Lanka]], [[Jurong Port|Jurong Port Singapore]] and [[Port Klang|Klang Port Malaysia]].<ref name=transhp3>[https://www.livemint.com/politics/zuktonwkfy8iczoi0rcbgk/can-indias-container-transhipment-hubs-take-on-colombo.html Can India's container transhipment hubs take on Colombo], livemint.com, accessed 9 Sept 2025.</ref> This leads to a direct loss of Rs 1,500 crore every year and a setback of Rs 3,000-4,500 crore every year to India's GDP.<ref name=transhp4>[https://infra.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/ports-shipping/adani-ports-focussing-on-scaling-up-marine-logistics-agri-logistics-biz/120887991 Adani Ports focussing on scaling up marine, logistics & agri-logistics biz], economictimes, accessed 9 Sept 2025.</ref> To move this 25% transshipment from foreignports back to Indian ports, India is developing following deep sea ports as automated global international container transshipment hubs:


==Cargo handled==
* [[Coastal_India#East|Eastern Coastal India]]:
The following table gives the detailed data about the 28 major & big ports of India.<ref name=operationsIPA>{{cite web |url=http://www.ipa.nic.in//showimg.cshtml?ID=217 |title=Operational Details | access-date=17 December 2014 | publisher=Indian Ports Association}}</ref> ''(Source: [http://www.ipa.nic.in//showimg.cshtml?ID=899 Indian Ports Association] and [http://ippta.org.in/ Indian Private Ports & Terminals Association] )''
 
** [[International Container Transshipment Port, Galathea Bay]] in Andaman and Nicobar Islands, greenfield, under-construction with phase-I completion target date of 2028.<ref>{{cite web |title=Shri Sarbananda Sonowal visits Galathea Bay in Great Nicobar Island and reviews progress of proposed International Container Transhipment Port (ICTP) |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1979157 |publisher=[[Press Information Bureau]] |access-date=10 December 2024}}</ref><ref name=draftp1>{{Cite web |date= 21 Mar 2024 |title= From vision to reality: Great Nicobar Island’s transformation plan |url= https://thehillstimes.in/featured/from-vision-to-reality-great-nicobar-islands-transformation-plan  |access-date=2024-06-20 |website= thehillstimes.in |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-27 |title=Government to build International Container Transhipment Port in Great Nicobar Island |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/infrastructure-government-to-build-international-container-transhipment-port-in-great-nicobar-island-2961754/ |access-date=2023-10-12 |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Simhan |first1=T. E. Raja |title=Galathea Bay: New major port can be game changer |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/logistics/galathea-bay-new-major-port-can-be-game-changer/article68776059.ece |access-date=10 December 2024 |work=[[Business Line]] |date=20 October 2024}}</ref>
 
** [[V. O. Chidambaranar Port]] at [[Thoothukudi]] in Tamil Nadu, existing and operational, with raft depth of 13.2 m which will increased to 16 m by 2027 and 19.6 m by 2029:<ref>[http://www.tuticorinport.gov.in/ Tuticorin Port Webpage] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080731210325/http://www.tuticorinport.gov.in/ |date=31 July 2008 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2008/09/16/stories/2008091650060700.htm Tuticorin Port growth] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100618040634/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2008/09/16/stories/2008091650060700.htm |date=18 June 2010 }}</ref>
 
* [[Coastal_India#West|Western Coastal India]]:
 
** [[Cochin Port]] in Kerala: existing and operational, 14.5m draft depth. India's first international transshipment port.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://cochinport.gov.in/berth-information |title=Berth Information |access-date=18 July 2020 |archive-date=20 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920110050/https://cochinport.gov.in/berth-information |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Statistics-Cargo traffic 12 yr">{{cite web |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/business/2025/Apr/02/cochin-port-authority-records-highest-cargo-traffic-in-fy25 |title=Cochin Port Authority records highest cargo traffic in FY25 |newspaper=[[The New Indian Express]] | access-date=3 April 2025 }}</ref>
 
** [[Vizhinjam International Seaport Thiruvananthapuram]] in Kerala, greenfield, operational, India's deepest international transshipment port, 24 meters deep draft.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=2032811#:~:text=The%20Union%20Minister%20of%20Ports,port%20in%20Vizhinjam%2C%20Kerala%20today| title=Union Minister Shri Sarbananda Sonowal receives First Mother Ship at Vizhinjam- India's first deep water Container Transhipment Port | website=pib.gov.in}}</ref><ref name="ET Now">{{cite video |date=2024-07-12 |title=Adani Group's Trivandrum Port: India Maritime Story Welcomes First Mothership At Vizhinjam Port |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6on9go9MNVM |medium=YouTube |publisher=ET Now |time=N/A |access-date=2025-02-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | title = DPR |url=https://www.adaniports.com/-/media/Project/Ports/PortsAndTerminals/Vizhinjam-Port-Documents/Environment-Compliance-Report/Previous-Environment-Compliance-Report/Compliance-Report_VISL_Oct-2022-Mar-2023.pdf | website = Adani Ports | publisher = Adani Ports and SEZ | date = 31 March 2023 | access-date = 15 August 2024 | page = 45}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.zpmc.com/news/cont.aspx?id=434|title=Shipment of Quay Cranes for the Adani Vizhinjam Port Project in India-Shanghai Zhenhua Heavy Industries Co., Ltd.|website=www.zpmc.com}}</ref> and its only port directly adjacent to an international shipping lane. The port is {{convert|10|nmi|lk=in}}<ref>{{Cite web
| title = Environment compliance Report
|url=https://www.adaniports.com/-/media/Project/Ports/PortsAndTerminals/Vizhinjam-Port-Documents/Environment-Compliance-Report/Previous-Environment-Compliance-Report/Compliance-Report_VISL_Oct-2022-Mar-2023.pdf
| website = Adani Ports
| publisher = VISIL, Government of Kerala
| date = 15 June 2021
| access-date = 15 August 2024
| page = 45
}}</ref> on the heavily-trafficked east-west shipping channel connecting Europe to the Persian Gulf, Southeast Asia, and the Far East (Suez–Far East route and Far East–Middle East route).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://siddhantalive.com/vizhinjam-port-a-game-changer-for-indias-maritime-trade/ | title=Vizhinjam Port: A Game-Changer for India's Maritime Trade | date=2 May 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2 May 2025 |title=PM Modi dedicates Vizhinjam international seaport to the nation |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/pm-modi-dedicates-vizhinjam-international-seaport-to-the-nation/article69529503.ece |access-date=2 May 2025 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
 
** [[Vadhavan Port]] in Maharashtra, greenfield, under-construction with Phase-1 completion by 2029 and phase-2 by 2024, 20 meters drfat, India's first offshore port on artificial island.<ref>{{cite web |title=This memorandum of understanding entered into on 5th day of Jun 2015 at Mumbai. For Development of a satellite port for Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust (JNPA) off Vadhvan point south of Dahanu port on the cost of Maharashtra between Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust (JNPA) and Maharashtra Maritime Board (MMB). |url=https://www.jnport.gov.in/media/2020/Dec/2020_12_04_12_08_13_.pdf |access-date=5 April 2024 |archive-date=24 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230924212328/https://www.jnport.gov.in/media/2020/Dec/2020_12_04_12_08_13_.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gwsi_zh37so | title=The upcoming 13th Major Port of India, the Vadhavan Port at Maharashtra!! | website=[[YouTube]] | date=7 July 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.india-briefing.com/news/sagarmala-developing-india-ports-aid-economic-growth12980-12980.html/ | title=India's Mega Port Development Project 'Sagarmala': An Explainer for Investors | date=31 August 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/india-to-get-six-new-mega-ports-under-ministry-of-shippings-sagarmala-project-3082626.html | title=India to get six new mega ports under Ministry of Shipping's Sagarmala project | date=November 2016 }}</ref><ref name=vadhavan>{{cite report|title="Executive Summary" For Development Of A Greenfield Port At Vadhavan, District –Palghar, Maharashtra|url=https://www.mpcb.gov.in/sites/default/files/public_hearing/exe_summary/2023-11/executiv_summary.pdf|publisher=Environmental Consultant Enkay Enviro Services Private Limited|access-date=5 April 2024|archive-date=5 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240405094635/https://www.mpcb.gov.in/sites/default/files/public_hearing/exe_summary/2023-11/executiv_summary.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
 
===Major seaports===
{{Location map+ |India |AlternativeMap = India location map 3.png|width=450|float=center|caption=14 Major ports (owned by the Government of India) in India|places=
{{Location map~ |India |lat=23.002365|long=70.220898|label= [[Deendayal Port|Kandla]]|position=right|mark=Anchor 2.svg}}
{{Location map~ |India |lat=20.260315|long=86.665944|label= [[Paradip Port|Paradeep]]|position=right|mark=Anchor 2.svg}}
{{Location map~ |India |lat=18.932349|long=72.968923|label= [[Jawaharlal Nehru Port|Navi Mumbai]]|position=right|mark=Anchor 2.svg}}
{{Location map~ |India |lat=17.697076|long=83.298454|label= [[Visakhapatnam Port|Visakhapatanam]]|position=right|mark=Anchor 2.svg}}
{{Location map~ |India |lat=18.947944|long=72.842496|label= [[Mumbai Port|Mumbai]]|position=left|mark=Anchor 2.svg}}
{{Location map~ |India |lat=22.540658|long=88.305507|label= [[Port of Kolkata|Kolkata]]|position=left|mark=Anchor 2.svg}}
{{Location map~ |India |lat=22.0451509|long=88.0889156|label= [[Haldia Dock Complex|Haldia]]|position=right|mark=Anchor 2.svg}}
{{Location map~ |India |lat=13.085346|long=80.291223|label= [[Chennai Port|Chennai]]|position=right|mark=Anchor 2.svg}}
{{Location map~ |India |lat=12.932121|long=74.822239|label= [[New Mangalore Port|Mangaluru]]|position=left|mark=Anchor 2.svg}}
{{Location map~ |India |lat=13.271829|long=80.334420|label= [[Kamarajar Port|Ennore]]|position=left|mark=Anchor 2.svg}}
{{Location map~ |India |lat=9.980688|long=76.252952|label= [[Cochin Port|Kochi]]|position=left|mark=Anchor 2.svg}}
{{Location map~ |India |lat=15.401762|long=73.805472|label= [[Mormugao Port|Marmuagao]]|position=left|mark=Anchor 2.svg}}
{{Location map~ |India |lat=8.7562666|long=78.1765031|label= [[V. O. Chidambaranar Port|Thoothukkudi]]|position=right|mark=Anchor 2.svg}}
}}
The ports under the Central Government of India are known as Major ports, and other ports owned by private operators are classified as Minor ports, irrespective of total cargo handled. The following are the Major ports of India:<ref>{{cite web |title=Cargo handling capacity of Major Ports of the country has gone up to 1617.39 Million Tonnes Per Annum (MTPA) as on March 2023 |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1986644 |publisher=Pib.gov.in |access-date=10 May 2024}}</ref><ref name=operationsIPA>{{cite web |url=http://www.ipa.nic.in//showimg.cshtml?ID=217 |title=Operational Details | access-date=17 December 2014 | publisher=Indian Ports Association}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! No.
! rowspan="2" |No.
! Name
! rowspan="2" |Name
! Estb. Year
! rowspan="2" |Estb. Date/Year
! class=unsortable|Image
! rowspan="2" |Image
! Area<br />(km<sup>2</sup>)
! rowspan="2" |City
! Location
! rowspan="2" |State
! State/UT
! colspan="2" |Cargo Handled <br><small>([[fiscal year|FY]]2017-18)</small>
! Cargo handled<br />in MTPA<br /><small>([[fiscal year|FY]]2022-23)</small>
! colspan="2" |Container Traffic <br><small>([[fiscal year|FY]]2017-18)</small>
! rowspan="2" |Ownership
! rowspan="2" | Coast
|-
|-
! million [[tonne]]s!! % Increase<br><small>(over previous [[fiscal year|FY]])</small>
|1
! '000 [[Twenty-foot equivalent unit|TEUs]]!! % Increase<br><small>(over previous [[fiscal year|FY]])</small>
|[[Chennai Port]]
| 1881
|[[File:Port of Chennai, India - panoramio.jpg|150px]]
|
|[[Chennai]]
| align="left" | [[Tamil Nadu]]|| align="right" | 136
|-
|-
| '''1'''
|2
|[[Mundra Port]]
|[[Cochin Port]]
| 1998
| 1928
|[[File:Adani Mundra Port Kutch Gujarat.jpg|150px]]
|[[File:Vallarpadam_Container_Terminal.JPG|150px]]
|[[Mundra]]|| align="left" | [[Gujarat]]|| align="right" | 150 || align="right" |  || align="right" | || align="right" |  || [[Adani Group]] || Western
|
|[[Kochi]]|| align="left" | [[Kerala]]|| align="right" | 79.9
|-
|-
| '''2'''
|3
|[[Kandla|Deendayal Port Trust]]
|[[Port of Kandla|Deendayal Port]]
| 1965
| 1965
|
|[[File:Port of Kandla.jpg|150px]]
|[[Kandla]]|| align="left" | [[Gujarat]]|| align="right" | 110.10 || align="right" | 4.42% ↑ || align="right" | 117 || align="right" | 95.73% ↑ || Government of India || Western
|   9.83<ref>{{Cite web| title=Master plan for Kandla Port | url=https://sagarmala.gov.in/sites/default/files/5.Final_Master_Plan_Kandla.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201033525/http://sagarmala.gov.in/sites/default/files/5.Final_Master_Plan_Kandla.pdf | archive-date=2021-12-01}}</ref>
|[[Kandla]]|| align="left" | [[Gujarat]]|| align="right" | 269.1
|-
|-
| '''3'''
|4
|[[Paradip Port|Paradip Port Authority]]
|[[Jawaharlal Nehru Port]]
| 18th April 1966
| 1988
|[[File:Paradip_Port.jpg|150px]]
|[[Image:JNPT_Port_container_handling.jpg|150px]]
|[[Paradeep]]|| align="left" | [[Odisha]]|| align="right" | 102.01 || align="right" | 14.68% ↑ || align="right" | 7 || align="right" | 71.43% ↑ || Government of India || Eastern
| 3.37
|[[Navi Mumbai]]|| align="left" | [[Maharashtra]]|| align="right" | 141.37
|-
|-
| '''4'''
|5
|[[Jawaharlal Nehru Port|Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust]]
|[[Kamarajar Port Limited|Kamarajar Port]]
| 1988
|2001
|[[Image:Jawaharlal Nehru Trust Port.jpg|150px]]
|
|[[Navi Mumbai]]|| align="left" | [[Maharashtra]]|| align="right" | 66.00 || align="right" | 6.20% ↑ || align="right" | 4,833 || align="right" | 6.89% ↑ || Government of India || Western
|
|[[Ennore]]
| align="left" |[[Tamil Nadu]]
| align="right" |91
|-
|-
| '''5'''
|6
|[[Visakhapatnam Port|Visakhapatnam Port Trust]]
|[[Mormugao Port]]
| 1933
| 1985
|[[File:VizagPort.jpg|150px]]
|
|[[Visakhapatnam]]|| align="left" | [[Andhra Pradesh]]|| align="right" |63.54|| align="right" | 4.12% ↑ || align="right" | 389 || align="right" | 5.66% ↑ || Government of India || Eastern
[[File:Goa-Vasco 03-2016 07 view to Mormugao Harbour.jpg|150px]]
|
|[[Mormugao]]|| align="left" | [[Goa]]|| align="right" | 63.4  
|-
|-
| '''6'''
|7
|[[Mumbai Port Trust]]
|[[Mumbai Port]]
| 1873
| 1873
|[[File:Mumbai Port Trust.JPG|150px]]
|[[File:Mumbai Port Trust.JPG|150px]]
|[[Mumbai]]|| align="left" | [[Maharashtra]]|| align="right" | 62.83 || align="right" | -0.35% ↓ || align="right" | 42 || align="right" | -2.38% ↓ || Government of India || Western
|
|[[Mumbai]]|| align="left" | [[Maharashtra]]|| align="right" | 84
|-
|8
|[[New Mangalore Port]]
| 1974
|[[Image:New_Mangalore_Port.jpg|150px]]
| 8.22
|[[Mangalore|Mangaluru]]|| align="left" | [[Karnataka]]|| align="right" | 114.96
|-
|9
|[[Paradip Port]]
| 1966
|[[File:Paradip Port-1.jpg|150px]]
| 10
|[[Paradeep]]|| align="left" | [[Odisha]]|| align="right" | 289.75
|-
|10
|[[Haldia Dock Complex]]
| 1977
|[[File:MSC_Ricarda_II_of_MSC_Line_berthed_at_Haldia_Dock_Complex's_container_terminal.jpg|150px]]
| 25.77
|[[Haldia]]|| align="left" | [[West Bengal]] || align="right" | 92.77
|-
|-
| '''7'''
|11
|[[Port of Kolkata|Syama Prasad Mookerjee Port Trust]]
|[[Port of Kolkata|Syama Prasad Mookerjee Port]]
| 1870
| 1870
|[[File:Ships at Kolkata Port 2.jpg|150px]]
|[[File:Netaji_Subhas_Dock_of_Syama_Prasad_Mookerjee_Port_or_Port_of_Kolkata-1.png|150px]]
|[[Kolkata]]
|
| align="left" |[[West Bengal]]|| align="right" | 57.89 || align="right" | 13.61% ↑ || align="right" | 796 || align="right" | 3.02% ↑ || Government of India || Eastern
|[[Kolkata]]|| align="left" | [[West Bengal]] || align="right" | 50.7
|-
|-
| '''8'''
|12
|[[V. O. Chidambaranar Port]]
|1974
|[[File:A_view_of_Tuticorin_Port.jpg|150px]]
| 2.428
|[[Thoothukkudi]]|| align="left" | [[Tamil Nadu]]|| align="right" | 111.46
|-
|13
|[[Visakhapatnam Port]]
| 1933
|[[File:Visakhapatnam_seaport_from_Fishing_harbour.jpg|150px]]
|
|[[Visakhapatnam]]|| align="left" | [[Andhra Pradesh]]|| align="right" | 143.68
|-
|}
 
===Minor seaports===
The ports owned by private operators are classified as Minor ports, irrespective of total cargo handled. The following are the Minor ports of India:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!No.
!Name
!Estb. Year
!class=unsortable|Image
!City
!State
!Ownership
|-
| 1
|[[Mundra Port]]
| 1998
|[[File:Adani Mundra Port Kutch Gujarat.jpg|150px]]
|[[Mundra]]|| align="left" | [[Gujarat]]|| [[Adani Group]]
|-
| 2
|[[Karaikal Port]]
|[[Karaikal Port]]
| 2009
| 2009
|[[File:Karaikal port.jpg|150px]]
|[[File:Karaikal port.jpg|150px]]
|[[Karaikal]]|| align="left" | [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]|| align="right" | 55 || align="right" |  || align="right" | || align="right" |  || [[Adani Group]] || Eastern
|[[Karaikal]]|| align="left" | [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]|| [[Adani Group]]  
|-
| '''9'''
|[[Chennai Port|Chennai Port Trust]]
| 1881
|File:Port of Chennai, India - panoramio.jpg|150px
|[[Chennai]]
| align="left" | [[Tamil Nadu]]|| align="right" | 51.88 || align="right" | 3.32% ↑ || align="right" | 1,549 || align="right" | 3.49% ↑ || Government of India || Eastern
|-
|-
| '''10'''
| 3
|[[Jaigad Port|JSW Jaigad Port]]
|[[Jaigad Port]]
| 2006
| 2006
|
|
|[[Ratnagiri district]]|| align="left" | [[Maharashtra]]|| align="right" | 50 || align="right" |  || align="right" | || align="right" |  || [[JSW Group]] || Western
|[[Jaigad]]|| align="left" | [[Maharashtra]]|| [[JSW Group]]  
|-
| '''11'''
|[[Haldia Port|Haldia Port Trust]]
| 1967
|[[File:Haldia [email protected]|150px]]
|[[Haldia]]|| align="left" | [[West Bengal]]|| align="right" | 48.6 || align="right" | 18.61% ↑ || align="right" | 115 || align="right" | 3.45% ↑ || Government of India || Western
|-
|-
| '''12'''
| 4
|[[Krishnapatnam Port]]
|[[Krishnapatnam Port]]
| 2008
| 2008
|[[File:Krishnapatnam port cranes unloadng a ship.jpg|150px]]
|[[File:Krishnapatnam port cranes unloadng a ship.jpg|150px]]
|[[Krishnapatnam]]|| align="left" | [[Andra Pradesh]]|| align="right" | 45 || align="right" |  || align="right" | || align="right" |  || [[Adani Group]] || Eastern
|[[Krishnapatnam]]|| align="left" | [[Andhra Pradesh]]|| [[Adani Group]]
|-
| '''13'''
|[[New Mangalore Port|New Mangaluru Port Trust]]
| 1974
|[[File:Mangalore_Port_(4531088758).jpg|150px]]
|[[Mangalore|Mangaluru]]|| align="left" | [[Karnataka]]|| align="right" | 42.06 || align="right" | 5.28% ↑ || align="right" | 115 || align="right" | 17.39% ↑ || Government of India || Western
|-
| '''14'''
|[[Kamarajar Port Limited|Kamarajar Port]]
| 2001
|
|[[Ennore]]|| align="left" | [[Tamil Nadu]]|| align="right" | 38 || align="right" |  || align="right" | || align="right" |  || [[Adani Group]] || Eastern
|-
| '''15'''
|[[V.O. Chidambaranar Port Trust]]
| 1974
|[[File:A_view_of_Tuticorin_Port.jpg|150px]]
|[[Thoothukkudi]]|| align="left" | [[Tamil Nadu]]|| align="right" | 36.58 || align="right" | -4.91% ↓ || align="right" | 698 || align="right" | 8.02% ↑ || Government of India || Eastern
|-
|-
| '''16'''
| 5
|[[Dharamtar|JSW Dharamtar Port]]
|[[Dharamtar Port]]
| 2012
| 2012
|
|
|[[Alibag]]|| align="left" | [[Maharastra]]|| align="right" | 34 || align="right" |  || align="right" | || align="right" |  || [[JSW Group]] || Western
|[[Alibag]]|| align="left" | [[Maharashtra]]|| [[JSW Group]]  
|-
| '''17'''
|[[Cochin Port Trust]]
| 24 February 1964
|[[File:Container terminal.JPG|150px]]
|[[Kochi]]|| align="left" | [[Kerala]]|| align="right" | 32.02 || align="right" | 16.52% ↑ || align="right" | 735 || align="right" | 11.69% ↑ || Government of India || Western
|-
|-
| '''18'''
| 6
|[[Hazira Port]]
|[[Hazira Port]]
| 2013
| 2025
|
|  
|[[Hazira]]|| align="left" | [[Gujarat]]|| align="right" | 30 || align="right" |  || align="right" | || align="right" |  || [[Adani Group]] || Western
|[[Hazira]]|| align="left" | [[Gujarat]]|| [[Adani Group]]  
|-
|-
| '''19'''
| 7
|[[Dighi Port]]
|[[Dighi Port]]
| 2000
| 2000
|
|
|[[Raigad district]]|| align="left" | [[Maharashtra]]|| align="right" | 30 || align="right" |  || align="right" | || align="right" |  || [[Adani Group]] || Eastern
|[[Raigad district|Raigad]]|| align="left" | [[Maharashtra]]|| [[Adani Group]]  
|-
|-
| '''20'''
| 8
|[[Mormugao Port Trust]]
| 1985
|
|[[Mormugao]]|| align="left" | [[Goa]]|| align="right" | 26.90 || align="right" | -18.94% ↓ || style="text-align:right;" | 32 || align="right" | 6.25% ↑ || Government of India || Western
|-
| '''21'''
|[[Dhamra Port]]
|[[Dhamra Port]]
| 2011
| 2011
|[[File:Dhamra_Port.jpg|150px]]
|[[File:Dhamra_Port.jpg|150px]]
|[[Bhadrak district]]|| align="left" | [[Odisha]]|| align="right" | 25 || align="right" |  || align="right" | || align="right" |  || [[Adani Group]] || Eastern
|[[Bhadrak district|Bhadrak]]|| align="left" | [[Odisha]]|| [[Adani Group]]  
|-
|-
| '''22'''
| 9
|[[Gopalpur port]]
|[[Gopalpur Port]]
| 2013
| 2013
|[[File:Gopalpur_Port.jpg|150px]]
|[[File:Gopalpur_Port.jpg|150px]]
|[[Chhatrapur]]|| align="left" | [[Odisha]]|| align="right" | 25 || align="right" |  || align="right" | || align="right" |  || [[Shapoorji Pallonji Group]] || Eastern
|[[Gopalpur, Odisha|Gopalpur]]|| align="left" | [[Odisha]]|| [[Adani Group]]
|-
|-
| '''23'''
| 10
|[[Gangavaram Port]]
|[[Gangavaram Port]]
| 2009
| 2009
|[[File:Gangavaram View.jpg|150px]]
|  
|[[Visakhapatnam]]|| align="left" | [[Andhra Pradesh]]|| align="right" | 18.04 || align="right" |  || align="right" | || align="right" |  || [[Adani Group]] || Eastern
|[[Visakhapatnam]]|| align="left" | [[Andhra Pradesh]]|| [[Adani Group]]  
|-
|-
| '''24'''
| 11
|[[Kattupalli Shipyard|Kattupalli Port]]
|[[Kattupalli Shipyard|Kattupalli Port]]
| 2012
| 2012
|
|  
|[[Kattupalli]]|| align="left" | [[Tamil Nadu]]|| align="right" | 18 || align="right" |  || align="right" | || align="right" |  || [[Adani Group]] || Eastern
|[[Kattupalli]]|| align="left" | [[Tamil Nadu]]|| [[Adani Group]]  
|-
|-
| '''25'''
| 12
|[[Dahej Port]]
|[[Dahej Port]]
| 2010
| 2010
|
|  
|[[Bharuch district]]|| align="left" | [[Gujarat]]|| align="right" | 17.5 || align="right" |  || align="right" | || align="right" |  || [[Adani Group]] || Western
|[[Bharuch district|Dahej]]|| align="left" | [[Gujarat]]|| [[Adani Group]]  
|-
|-
| '''26'''
| 13
|[[Kakinada Port]]
|[[Kakinada Port]]
| 1999
| 1999
|[[File:Far view of Kakinada port from Beach.jpg|150px]]
|[[File:Far view of Kakinada port from Beach.jpg|150px]]
|[[East Godavari]]|| align="left" | [[Andra Pradesh]]|| align="right" | 14 || align="right" |  || align="right" | || align="right" |  || [[Aurobindo Group]] || Eastern
|[[Kakinada]]|| align="left" | [[Andhra Pradesh]]|| KSL
|-
|-
| '''27'''
| 14
|[[Tuna Port]]
|[[Tuna Port]]
| 2022<ref>https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/union-cabinet-decision-kutch-to-get-2-new-port-terminals-at-rs-5963-crore-8205351/</ref>
| 2022<ref>{{cite web | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/union-cabinet-decision-kutch-to-get-2-new-port-terminals-at-rs-5963-crore-8205351/ | title=Union Cabinet decision: Kutch to get 2 new port terminals at Rs 5,963 crore | date=13 October 2022 }}</ref>
|
|
|[[Tuna]]|| align="left" | [[Gujarat]]|| align="right" | 14 || align="right" |  || align="right" | || align="right" |  || [[Adani Group]] || Western
|[[Kutch district|Tuna]]|| align="left" | [[Gujarat]]|| [[Adani Group]]  
|-
|-
| '''28'''
| 15
|[[Port Pipavav|APM Terminals Pipavav]]
|[[Machilipatnam Port]]
| 2025
|[[File:Machilipatnam_port_aerial_view.png|150px]]
|[[Machilipatnam]]|| align="left" | [[Andhra Pradesh]]|| MPDCL
|-
| 16
|[[Port Pipavav]]
| 2002
| 2002
|
|[[File:Berth portpipavav.JPG|150px]]
|[[Pipavav]]|| align="left" | [[Gujarat]]|| align="right" | 2 || align="right" | '''-46% ↓''' || align="right" |1.35 || align="right" |  || [[Maersk]] || Western
|[[Pipavav]]|| align="left" | [[Gujarat]]|| [[APM Terminals]]  
|-
|
|'''All Ports'''
| || align="left" | '''India''' ||  || ||align="right" |'''1,234.1'''|| align="right" |'''4.77% ↑'''|| align="right" |'''9,138'''|| align="right" |'''7.62% ↑''' || -
|-
|-
|17
|[[Vizhinjam International Seaport Thiruvananthapuram]]
|2025
|[[File:MSC_Claude_at_Vizhinjam.jpg|150px]]
|[[Thiruvananthapuram]]
| align="left" |[[Kerala]]
|'''[[Government of Kerala]]'''
[[Adani Group]]
|}
|}


==Port Handling Equipment==
===Unranked seaports===
*[[Angré Port]]
*[[Beypore|Beypore Port]]
*[[Beda Port]]
*[[Bedi Port]]
*[[Bedi, Gujarat|New Bedi Port]]
*[[Bhavnagar Port]]
*[[Bhankodar Port]]
*[[Gangolli|Gangolli Port]]
*[[Port of Jakhau|Jakhau Port]]
*[[Karanja, Raigad|Karanja Port]]
*[[Karwar Port]]
*[[Kollam Port]]
*[[Mandvi|Mandvi Port and Shipyard]]
*[[Nagapattinam Port]]
*[[Port of Navlakhi|Navlakhi Port]]
*[[Okha Port]]
*[[Port Blair Port]]
*[[Porbandar Port]]
*[[Rajula|Rajula Port]]
*[[Redi Port]]
*[[Rewas|Rewas Port]]
*[[Rozi Port]]
*[[Vadinar Port]]
*[[Veraval|Veraval Port]]
*[[Salav Port]]
*[[Sikka Port]]
*[[Simar Port]]
 
===River ports===
The following are the River ports of India:
*[[Dhubri Port]]
*[[Haldia Multi-Modal Terminal|Durgachak Port]]
*[[Kottayam Port]]
*[[Farakka Port]]
*[[Port of Magdalla|Magdalla Port]]
*[[Pandu Port]]
*[[Varanasi Multi-Modal Terminal|Varanasi Port]]
*[[Sahebganj Multi-Modal Port|Sahebganj Port]]


India has multiple port machinery companies such as [[Elecon Engineering|Elecon Engg.]], TRF, McNally Bharat Engineering etc.
==Maritime boards==
Maritime boards by state:<ref>{{cite web |title=State Maritime Board |url=https://sagarmala.gov.in/state-maritime-board |website=sagarmala.gov.in |accessdate=27 November 2025 }}</ref>


==Partially opened ports==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
These type of ports are partially constructed or undergoing mass expansion due to which they are operating without full capacity.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! rowspan="2" |Name
! rowspan="2" |Location
! rowspan="2" | Type
! rowspan="2" |Ownership
|-
|-
| [[Angré Port]]
! State Maritime Boards !! Established
| Jaigad, Maharashtra
| Dry/Bulk
| Chowgule Group
|-
|-
| [[Agardana Shipyard & Terminals]]
| [[Gujarat Maritime Board]] || 1982
| [[Agardanda]], Maharashtra
| Container/Bulk
| [[Adani Group]]
|-
|-
| [[Bedi Port]]
| [[Maharashtra Maritime Board]] || 1996
| [[Bedi]], [[Gujarat]]
| Container/Bulk
| [[Gujarat Maritime Board]]
|-
|-
| [[Bhavnagar Port]]
| [[Tamil Nadu Maritime Board]] || 1997
| [[Bhavnagar]], [[Gujarat]]
| CNG/Bulk
| Government of Gujarat
|-
|-
| [[Karanja Port]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Birkett |first1=Holly  |title=India's Karanja port project may be underway again |url=https://splash247.com/indias-karanja-port-project-may-be-underway-again/ |website=splash247.com |date=19 August 2015 |publisher=splash247 |access-date=19 August 2015}}</ref>
| [[Karnataka Maritime Board]] || 2017
| [[Navi Mumbai]], Maharashtra
| Container
| Mercantile Ports and Logistics (MPL)
|-
|-
| [[Salav Port|JSW Salav Port]]
| [[Kerala Maritime Board]] || 2017
| [[Salav]], Maharashtra
| Dry/Bulk
| JSW Infrastructure
|-
|-
| Rohini Yard
| [[Andhra Pradesh Maritime Board]] || 2019
| [[Rohini, Maharashtra|Rohini]], Maharashtra
| Dry/Bulk
| DAS Offshore Ltd.
|-
|-
| Konkan Terminal
| [[West Bengal Maritime Board]] || 2015
| [[Dabhol]], Maharashtra
| LNG
| GAIL
|-
|-
| [[Odisha Maritime Board]] || 2022
|}
|}


==List of terminals==
*No maritime board has been established in the state of [[Goa]] yet, but the Government's Captain of Ports Department (established in 1912) looks after the development of Inland Waterways and Minor Ports of Goa.
These are classified as terminals not ports, these can be easily upgraded to container ports
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! rowspan="2" |Name
! rowspan="2" |Location
! rowspan="2" |Status
! rowspan="2" | Type
! rowspan="2" |Ownership
|-
| [[Bhavnagar Port]]
| [[Bhavnagar]], [[Gujarat]]
| under-construction
| CNG/Bulk
| Government of Gujarat
|-
| Konkan Terminal
| [[Dabhol]], Maharashtra
| {{yes|Completed in 2018}}
| LNG
| GAIL
|-
| [[Chhara LNG Terminal]]
| [[Chhara]], [[Gujarat]]
| under-construction
| LNG
| HPCL
|-
| [[Kochi LNG Terminal]]
| [[Kochi]], Kerala
| {{yes|Completed in 2013}}
| LNG
| Petronet LNG
|-
| [[Kukrahati LNG Terminal]]
| [[Kukrahati]],[[West Bengal]]
| under-construction
| LNG
| H-Energy
|-
| Jaigad Terminal
| [[Jaigad]], Maharashtra
| {{yes|Completed in 2022}}
| LNG
| H-Energy
|-
| Jafrabad Terminal
| [[Jafrabad]],[[Gujarat]]
| under-construction
| LNG
| Swan Energy
|-
| [[Vadinar Port]]
| [[Vadinar]],[[Gujarat]]
| {{yes|Completed in 1978}}
| Oil
| Indian Oil
|}


Apart from this there are also LNG Terminals in ports such as Dahej, GAIL Kakinada FSRU, Hazira LNG Terminal, Krishnapatnam FSRU, Mumbai FSRU, Ennore LNG Terminal, Dhamra LNG Terminal, Chennai LNG Terminal etc.
==See also==


==List of ports under-construction==
* [[Aviation in India]]
 
* [[Indian Railway]]
{| class="wikitable"
* [[Roads in India]]
|-
* [[Transport in India]]
!'''Location'''
!'''State'''
!'''Status'''
|-
|[[Belekeri|Belekeri Port]]
|[[Karnataka]]
| under construction
|-
|[[Sagar Port]]
|West Bengal
| under construction
|-
|[[Astaranga Port]]
|Odisha
|DPR under preparation.
|-
|[[Mahanadi Riverine Port]]
|Odisha
|DPR under preparation.
|-
|[[Nargol Port]]
|Gujarat
|Gujarat Government invited bids.<ref>https://www.financialexpress.com/business/infrastructure-deadline-extended-for-global-bids-to-develop-nargol-port-till-third-week-of-february-2405280/#:~:text=The%20proposed%20Nargol%20port%20is%20located%20nearly,approximately%20120%20km%20from%20South%20of%20Surat.</ref>
|-
|Paradip Outer Harbour
|Odisha
|DPR under preparation.
|-
|Sirkazhi
|Tamil Nadu
|Techno Economic Feasibility Report (TEFR) prepared.
|-
|Bhavnagar CNG Terminal
|Gujarat
|On 28 September 2022 the foundation stone was laid for CNG terminal , the development of CNG Terminal and other terminals occurred at the north-side of existing [[Bhavnagar Port]] in December 2019 by the consortium led by Foresight Group, a consortium of London-based Foresight Group, Mumbai-based Padmanabh Mafatlal Group and Rotterdam-based Boskalis signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Gujarat Maritime Board (GMB) for development of the CNG terminal. Bhavnagar Port Infrastructure Pvt Ltd, a special purpose vehicle formed by the consortium to operate the port.
|-
|Chhara LNG Terminal
|Gujarat
| HPCL Shapoorji Energy Private Limited (HSEPL), the entity which is currently building a 5 MMTPA LNG terminal in Chhara, Gujarat. HSEPL is constructing a 5 MMTPA Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) Terminal at Chhara, Gujarat, at a project cost of about Rs 4,300 crore which is likely to be completed by the end of calendar year 2022.  The terminal will have all facilities for receipt of LNG through ocean going tankers, marine unloading, storage, LNG Road Tanker loading, regasification, and supply of regasified LNG to the gas grid.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2021-03-30 |title=HPCL buys out Shapoorji Pallonji's stake in Chhara LNG Terminal JV for Rs 397 cr |url=https://psuwatch.com/national-news/hpcl-buys-out-shapoorji-pallonji-stake-in-chhara-lng-terminal-jv-for-rs-397-crore |access-date=2023-08-01 |website=PSU Watch |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[Colachel Seaport|Kanniyakumari Port]]
|Tamil Nadu
|Major Transhipment Port at [[Kanyakumari]]. SPV formed for the purpose – March, 2019.
|-
|[[Dugarajapatnam Port]]
|[[Andhra Pradesh]]
| Dugarajapatnam Port is a proposed seaport in Tirupati district of Andhra Pradesh, India. Construction was expected to start in 2020 and finish in 2023.
|-
|[[Galathea Bay Transhipment Port]]
|[[Great Nicobar]]
|DPR has been completed, The proposed port will come at Galathea Bay in Great Nicobar Island of the Union Territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Syama Prasad Mookerjee Port, Kolkata (SMPK) is the nodal agency for undertaking development of proposed port project in landlord mode.<ref>https://www.logisticsinsider.in/center-approves-galathea-bay-transhipment-port-bidding-to-start-soon/</ref><ref>https://indiainfrahub.com/2023/featured/nine-players-show-interest-in-international-container-transshipment-port-on-nicobar-island/</ref>
|-
|[[Machilipatnam Port]]
|[[Andhra Pradesh]]
|Construction work started on 22 May 2023<ref>https://indiainfrahub.com/2023/featured/andhra-to-get-another-all-weather-greenfield-port-work-on-rs-5156-crore-machilipatnam-port-at-manginapudi-begins-today/</ref>
|-
|[[Bhavanapadu|Bhavanapadu Port]]
|[[Andhra Pradesh]]
|DPR under preparation
|-
|[[Pavinakurve port]]
|[[Karnataka]]
|DPR under preparation
|-
|[[JSW Group|JSW]] [[Keni Port]]
|Karnataka
|The port at Keni, near Ankola, would be designed to handle 30 million tonnes of cargo per annum.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/karnataka-budget-2023-24-greenfield-ports-keni-pavinakurve-uttara-kannada-district-under-ppp-marina-at-byndoor-beach/article66520152.ece | title=Karnataka Budget 2023-24: Greenfield ports at Keni and Pavinakurve in Uttara Kannada district under PPP, marina at Byndoor beach | newspaper=The Hindu | date=17 February 2023 }}</ref>
|-
|[[JSW Group|JSW]] [[Nangaon Port]]
|Maharashtra
|Approved in 2016, DPR under preparation
|-
|[[Kalingapatnam|Kalingapatnam Port]]
|[[Andhra Pradesh]]
|DPR completed
|-
|[[Ramayapatnam|Ramayapatnam Port]]
|[[Andhra Pradesh]]
|DPR completed
|-
|[[Meghavaram|Meghavaram Port]]
|[[Andhra Pradesh]]
|DPR completed
|-
|Vadhavan Port
|Maharashtra
|under construction
|-
|[[Simar port]]
|Gujarat
|Completion target 2024
|-
|[[JSW Salav Port]]
| Salav, Maharashtra
| Expansion of existing Salav jetty facility from present 235 m jetty length and 21m mooring dolphin by adding additional jetty length of 500 m to handle cargoes from present 3.0 MPTA to 31.0 MPTA.<ref>https://environmentclearance.nic.in/writereaddata/Online/EDS/01_Apr_2017_1141463105I7UNU3UFormIJSWSalavPort.pdf</ref>
|-
|[[Tajpur Port]]
|West Bengal
|DPR under preparation
|-
|[[Tadadi|Tadadi Port]]
|Karnataka
|DPR under preparation
|-
|[[Kakinada Gateway Port]]<ref>https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vijayawada/new-seaport-proposed-at-kona-village-in-eg-district-of-ap/articleshow/66734018.cms</ref><ref>https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/kakinada-gateway-port-inks-concession-agreement-to-develop-commercial-port/articleshow/66737963.cms</ref>
|Andhra Pradesh
|under construction, Kakinada Gateway Port (KGPL), an arm of Kakinada SEZ, has entered into concession agreement with the Andhra Pradesh government for development of a greenfield commercial port at Kona village in East Godavari district.Kakinada SEZ (KSEZ) is promoted by [[GMR Group|GMR Infrastructure limited]]. 
|-
|[[Vizhinjam International Seaport]]
|Kerala
|DPR under preparation
|}


==References==
==References==
Line 459: Line 380:


==External links==
==External links==
* [http://www.walkthroughindia.com/walkthroughs/the-12-major-sea-ports-of-india Indian Port List - Best Major 12]
* {{URL|https://shipmin.gov.in|Ministry of Ports, Shipping, and Waterways}}
* {{URL|https://www.thetradevision.com/blogs/major-ports-in-india-2025|List of Major Ports in India 2025}}


{{commons category|Ports and harbours in India}}
{{commons category|Ports and harbours in India}}
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{{Transport in India}}
{{Transport in India}}
{{Economy of India}}
{{Economy of India}}
{{Asia topic|List of ports in}}


[[Category:Economy of India lists]]
[[Category:Economy of India lists|Ports]]
[[Category:Ports and harbours of India| ]]
[[Category:Ports and harbours of India| ]]
[[Category:Foreign trade of India]]
[[Category:Foreign trade of India|Ports]]
[[Category:Lists of ports|India]]
[[Category:India transport-related lists|Ports]]

Latest revision as of 10:57, 7 February 2026


Map showing the location of airports and seaports in India

In India, ports are categorised into major ports and non-major ports (minor ports). As of 2024, the country has 14 major ports[1] and 217 non-major ports. Major ports are administered by the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways under the Government of India, whereas non-major ports fall under the jurisdiction of State Maritime Boards of respective state governments, including private ports operating under the public–private partnership (PPP) model. Among the 217 non-major ports, cargo is handled only at 68 ports, others are used by fishing vessels and ferries.[2]

India has a coastline of 11,098 kilometres,[3] forming one of the largest peninsulas in the world. According to the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways, around 95 percent of India's trading by volume and 70 percent by value is done through maritime transport. India's major ports handled highest ever cargo of 795 million tonne in FY23.[4] Paradip Port is the largest container port in India.

Due to the shallow depth of its east coast ports (8-12 meters),[5] India is unable to accommodate large ships,[6] causing 25% of its cargo to be diverted to deeper foreign ports[7] and resulting in an annual economic loss of Rs 1,500-4,500 crore.[8] In 2024, the upcoming International Container Transshipment Port, Galathea Bay was notified as India's 13th major port. Its first phase of development is expected to be commissioned in 2028.[1] Port Blair, which was notified as a major port in 2010, was later removed. The ports are spread across Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Puducherry, Tamil Nadu, and West Bengal.[9] Government of India plans to build new greenfield ports and also built associated infrastructure such as railway lines through the 2015 established Sagar Mala project,[10] and National Maritime Development Program.[11]

Shipping in India[edit | edit source]

According to Constitution of India, maritime transport is to be administered by both the Central and the State governments. While the central government's shipping ministry administers the major ports, the minor and intermediate ports are administered by the relevant departments or ministries in the nine coastal states of Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu and West Bengal. Several of these 187 minor and intermediate ports have been identified by the respective governments to be developed, in a phased manner, a good proportion of them involving public–private partnership.

The maritime boards of state governments administer control of minor ports owned by state governments. In 2018–19, minor ports of Gujarat alone handled total 542 MMT of cargo.[12] Maharashtra Maritime Board sets record of handling 71 mn tons of cargo in 2022–23.[13]

Capacity[edit | edit source]

The capacity of Indian ports currently stands at 2,604.99 mtpa.[14] The container throughput of Indian ports stood at 17 million TEUs for the period 2020.[15] Mundra Port is the largest port as well as the highest capacity port in India, and it is also the largest container port by volume. It has a capacity to handle 338 MMT (Million Metric Tons) of cargo annually. Paradip Port has the 2nd highest cargo capacity of 150 MMT. Kandla Port has 3rd highest capacity.

Ship building[edit | edit source]

See also: List of Indian shipbuilders and shipyards
MV Goa built by Hindustan Shipyard in 1997 for SCI

India has been building large ships after the independence using companies like Hindustan Shipyard, Pipavav Shipyard and Cochin Shipyard. SS Jala Usha, a steamship built by Hindustan Shipyard in 1948 and the first of its kind to be built within the Indian subcontinent after WW-II.The first oil tanker built by Cochin Shipyard Limited (CSL) was the MV Rani Padmini, which was delivered in July 1981.[16] India launched 93,000 DWT oil tanker in 2002 under Third Vajpayee ministry, The ship named Maharshi Parashuram built by Cochin Shipyard was 237 meter long double vessel was fitted with 14,300 HP engine.[17] Abul Kalam Azad is another similar-size oil tanker ship built by Cochin Shipyard in 1999 which has been scrapped.[18]

Ship breaking[edit | edit source]

As of January 2020, India has 30% share of ship breaking with annual US$1.1 billion revenue. India is a signatory to Hong Kong International Convention for the safe and environmentally sound recycling of ships. India plans to pass the "Recycling of Ships Act, 2019" to ratify the Hong Kong treaty. This will allow India to capture its targeted 60% in the global ship breaking business while doubling the annual to US$2.3 billion target.[19] India's Alang-Sosiya Ship Breaking Yard is world's largest ships' graveyard.[19] Other ship graveyards in India is the Steel Industrials Kerala Limited breaking unit.[20]

Ports in India[edit | edit source]

Sagar Mala: port-led development[edit | edit source]

See Sagar Mala project.

Transshipment ports[edit | edit source]

Most ports on India's east coast have a depth of 8-12 metres, which is too shallow for large ships.[5] The world's major ports are 12-20 metres deep, which can handle ships weighing more than 1.65 lakh tonnes.[6] That's why 25% of India's cargo goes through foreign ports like Colombo Port Sri Lanka, Jurong Port Singapore and Klang Port Malaysia.[7] This leads to a direct loss of Rs 1,500 crore every year and a setback of Rs 3,000-4,500 crore every year to India's GDP.[8] To move this 25% transshipment from foreignports back to Indian ports, India is developing following deep sea ports as automated global international container transshipment hubs:

    • Cochin Port in Kerala: existing and operational, 14.5m draft depth. India's first international transshipment port.[27][28]
    • Vizhinjam International Seaport Thiruvananthapuram in Kerala, greenfield, operational, India's deepest international transshipment port, 24 meters deep draft.[29][30][31][32] and its only port directly adjacent to an international shipping lane. The port is 10 nautical miles (19 km; 12 mi)[33] on the heavily-trafficked east-west shipping channel connecting Europe to the Persian Gulf, Southeast Asia, and the Far East (Suez–Far East route and Far East–Middle East route).[34][35]
    • Vadhavan Port in Maharashtra, greenfield, under-construction with Phase-1 completion by 2029 and phase-2 by 2024, 20 meters drfat, India's first offshore port on artificial island.[36][37][38][39][40]

Major seaports[edit | edit source]

14 Major ports (owned by the Government of India) in India

The ports under the Central Government of India are known as Major ports, and other ports owned by private operators are classified as Minor ports, irrespective of total cargo handled. The following are the Major ports of India:[41][42]

No. Name Estb. Year Image Area
(km2) 		Location State/UT Cargo handled
in MTPA
(FY2022-23)
1 Chennai Port 1881 Chennai Tamil Nadu 136
2 Cochin Port 1928 Kochi Kerala 79.9
3 Deendayal Port 1965 9.83[43] Kandla Gujarat 269.1
4 Jawaharlal Nehru Port 1988 3.37 Navi Mumbai Maharashtra 141.37
5 Kamarajar Port 2001 Ennore Tamil Nadu 91
6 Mormugao Port 1985

Mormugao Goa 63.4
7 Mumbai Port 1873 Mumbai Maharashtra 84
8 New Mangalore Port 1974 8.22 Mangaluru Karnataka 114.96
9 Paradip Port 1966 10 Paradeep Odisha 289.75
10 Haldia Dock Complex 1977 25.77 Haldia West Bengal 92.77
11 Syama Prasad Mookerjee Port 1870 Kolkata West Bengal 50.7
12 V. O. Chidambaranar Port 1974 2.428 Thoothukkudi Tamil Nadu 111.46
13 Visakhapatnam Port 1933 Visakhapatnam Andhra Pradesh 143.68

Minor seaports[edit | edit source]

The ports owned by private operators are classified as Minor ports, irrespective of total cargo handled. The following are the Minor ports of India:

No. Name Estb. Year Image City State Ownership
1 Mundra Port 1998 Mundra Gujarat Adani Group
2 Karaikal Port 2009 Karaikal Puducherry Adani Group
3 Jaigad Port 2006 Jaigad Maharashtra JSW Group
4 Krishnapatnam Port 2008 Krishnapatnam Andhra Pradesh Adani Group
5 Dharamtar Port 2012 Alibag Maharashtra JSW Group
6 Hazira Port 2025 Hazira Gujarat Adani Group
7 Dighi Port 2000 Raigad Maharashtra Adani Group
8 Dhamra Port 2011 Bhadrak Odisha Adani Group
9 Gopalpur Port 2013 Gopalpur Odisha Adani Group
10 Gangavaram Port 2009 Visakhapatnam Andhra Pradesh Adani Group
11 Kattupalli Port 2012 Kattupalli Tamil Nadu Adani Group
12 Dahej Port 2010 Dahej Gujarat Adani Group
13 Kakinada Port 1999 Kakinada Andhra Pradesh KSL
14 Tuna Port 2022[44] Tuna Gujarat Adani Group
15 Machilipatnam Port 2025 Machilipatnam Andhra Pradesh MPDCL
16 Port Pipavav 2002 Pipavav Gujarat APM Terminals
17 Vizhinjam International Seaport Thiruvananthapuram 2025 Thiruvananthapuram Kerala Government of Kerala

Adani Group

Unranked seaports[edit | edit source]

River ports[edit | edit source]

The following are the River ports of India:

Maritime boards[edit | edit source]

Maritime boards by state:[45]

State Maritime Boards Established
Gujarat Maritime Board 1982
Maharashtra Maritime Board 1996
Tamil Nadu Maritime Board 1997
Karnataka Maritime Board 2017
Kerala Maritime Board 2017
Andhra Pradesh Maritime Board 2019
West Bengal Maritime Board 2015
Odisha Maritime Board 2022
  • No maritime board has been established in the state of Goa yet, but the Government's Captain of Ports Department (established in 1912) looks after the development of Inland Waterways and Minor Ports of Goa.

See also[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Simhan, T. E. Raja (20 October 2024). "Galathea Bay: New major port can be game changer". Business Line. Retrieved 10 December 2024.
  2. ↑ "Financial Assistance of approx of about Rs. 1891 crore released under Sagarmala schemes, 151 projects sanctioned till date". Pib.gov.in. 20 December 2022. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
  3. ↑ "MHA: India's recalculated coastline up 48% in 53 years | India News - Times of India". timesofindia.indiatimes.com. Retrieved 21 September 2025.
  4. ↑ |url=https://shipmin.gov.in/sites/default/files/Cargo%20handled%20at%20Major%20Ports%20January%202025%20%281%29.pdf
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 A STUDY ON BERTH AND DEPTH OF MAJOR PORTS IN INDIA, ijcrt.org, accessed 9 Sept 2025.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 10 Biggest Ports in the World: 2025 Ranking & Analysis, shipfinex.com, accessed 9 Sept 2025.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Can India's container transhipment hubs take on Colombo, livemint.com, accessed 9 Sept 2025.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Adani Ports focussing on scaling up marine, logistics & agri-logistics biz, economictimes, accessed 9 Sept 2025.
  9. ↑ "MoS, GoI". Archived from the original on 5 February 2016. Retrieved 26 March 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  10. ↑ "Cabinet gives 'in principle' nod to concept of Sagarmala project". Economic Times, Times of India. 27 March 2015. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 4 July 2015.
  11. ↑ "National Maritime Development Programme". Press Information Bureau, Government of India. 17 December 2015. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
  12. ↑ Media, Gateway (5 April 2019). "GMB ports handle 400 mmt of cargo in 2018-19". Maritime Gateway. Retrieved 15 August 2020.
  13. ↑ "Maharashtra Maritime Board sets record of handling 71 mn tons of cargo in 2022-23 - ET Infra".
  14. ↑ Rajan, Jessica (28 July 2023). "Cargo handling capacity of ports to rise in 2024". The Economic Times.
  15. ↑ "Maritime India Vision (MIV) 2030 estimates investments of Rs. 1,00,000–1,25,000 crore for capacity augmentation and development of world-class infrastructure at Indian Ports".
  16. ↑ "Sailing successfully through a sea of change". The Hindu. 13 August 2013. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 8 November 2024.
  17. ↑ "India's biggest oil tanker to be launched today". The Times of India. 22 January 2002. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 8 November 2024.
  18. ↑ Rowles, Grant (1 January 2018). "Shipping Corporation of India sends ageing tanker for scrap". Splash247. Retrieved 8 November 2024.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 India eyes 60 per cent share of global ship recycling business; higher GDP contribution, Economic Times, 30 December 2019.
  20. ↑ Sucheth, P R (26 May 2014). "Locals up in Arms against SILK Ship-breaking Unit". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
  21. ↑ "Shri Sarbananda Sonowal visits Galathea Bay in Great Nicobar Island and reviews progress of proposed International Container Transhipment Port (ICTP)". Press Information Bureau. Retrieved 10 December 2024.
  22. ↑ "From vision to reality: Great Nicobar Island's transformation plan". thehillstimes.in. 21 March 2024. Retrieved 20 June 2024.
  23. ↑ "Government to build International Container Transhipment Port in Great Nicobar Island". Financialexpress. 27 January 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  24. ↑ Simhan, T. E. Raja (20 October 2024). "Galathea Bay: New major port can be game changer". Business Line. Retrieved 10 December 2024.
  25. ↑ Tuticorin Port Webpage Archived 31 July 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  26. ↑ Tuticorin Port growth Archived 18 June 2010 at the Wayback Machine
  27. ↑ "Berth Information". Archived from the original on 20 September 2020. Retrieved 18 July 2020.
  28. ↑ "Cochin Port Authority records highest cargo traffic in FY25". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 3 April 2025.
  29. ↑ "Union Minister Shri Sarbananda Sonowal receives First Mother Ship at Vizhinjam- India's first deep water Container Transhipment Port". pib.gov.in.
  30. ↑ Adani Group's Trivandrum Port: India Maritime Story Welcomes First Mothership At Vizhinjam Port (YouTube). ET Now. 12 July 2024. Event occurs at N/A. Retrieved 25 February 2025.
  31. ↑ "DPR" (PDF). Adani Ports. Adani Ports and SEZ. 31 March 2023. p. 45. Retrieved 15 August 2024.
  32. ↑ "Shipment of Quay Cranes for the Adani Vizhinjam Port Project in India-Shanghai Zhenhua Heavy Industries Co., Ltd". www.zpmc.com.
  33. ↑ "Environment compliance Report" (PDF). Adani Ports. VISIL, Government of Kerala. 15 June 2021. p. 45. Retrieved 15 August 2024.
  34. ↑ "Vizhinjam Port: A Game-Changer for India's Maritime Trade". 2 May 2025.
  35. ↑ "PM Modi dedicates Vizhinjam international seaport to the nation". The Hindu. 2 May 2025. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 2 May 2025.
  36. ↑ "This memorandum of understanding entered into on 5th day of Jun 2015 at Mumbai. For Development of a satellite port for Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust (JNPA) off Vadhvan point south of Dahanu port on the cost of Maharashtra between Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust (JNPA) and Maharashtra Maritime Board (MMB)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 September 2023. Retrieved 5 April 2024.
  37. ↑ "The upcoming 13th Major Port of India, the Vadhavan Port at Maharashtra!!". YouTube. 7 July 2024.
  38. ↑ "India's Mega Port Development Project 'Sagarmala': An Explainer for Investors". 31 August 2018.
  39. ↑ "India to get six new mega ports under Ministry of Shipping's Sagarmala project". November 2016.
  40. ↑ "Executive Summary" For Development Of A Greenfield Port At Vadhavan, District –Palghar, Maharashtra (PDF) (Report). Environmental Consultant Enkay Enviro Services Private Limited. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 April 2024. Retrieved 5 April 2024.
  41. ↑ "Cargo handling capacity of Major Ports of the country has gone up to 1617.39 Million Tonnes Per Annum (MTPA) as on March 2023". Pib.gov.in. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
  42. ↑ "Operational Details". Indian Ports Association. Retrieved 17 December 2014.
  43. ↑ "Master plan for Kandla Port" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 December 2021.
  44. ↑ "Union Cabinet decision: Kutch to get 2 new port terminals at Rs 5,963 crore". 13 October 2022.
  45. ↑ "State Maritime Board". sagarmala.gov.in. Retrieved 27 November 2025.

External links[edit | edit source]


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