Adani Group

From Bharatpedia, an open encyclopedia


Adani Group
IndustryConglomerate
Founded20 July 1988; 35 years ago (20 July 1988)
Founder(s)Gautam Adani
Headquarters,
India
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
Gautam Adani (Chairman)
Services
Revenue230,000 crore (US$32 billion)[2] (2021-22)
18,534 crore (US$2.6 billion)[2] (2021-22)
OwnerPublic Limited[citation needed]
Number of employees
23,000+ (2023)[1]
Subsidiaries
Websitewww.adani.com

Adani Group is an Indian multinational conglomerate, headquartered in Ahmedabad. It was founded by Gautam Adani in 1988 as a commodity trading business, with the flagship company Adani Enterprises. The Group's diverse businesses include port management, electric power generation and transmission, renewable energy, mining, airport operations, natural gas, food processing and infrastructure.[4]

In April 2021, Adani Group crossed US$100 billion in market capitalization, and in April 2022 it crossed the $200 billion mark, in both cases becoming the third Indian conglomerate to do so, after Tata Group and Reliance Industries.[5][6] In November 2022, it reached $280 billion (INR 24 trillion) surpassing Tata Group.[7] Adani subsequently lost more than $104 billion of market capitalization after fraud and market manipulation allegations by short-seller firm Hindenburg Research.[8] The Adani Group has also attracted other controversies due to various reports of irregular practices.[9][10][11] More than 60 percent of the Adani Group's revenue is derived from coal-related businesses.[12] The company's corporate debt totaled $30 billion in 2022.[13]

History[edit]

Adani Exports Limited started as a commodity trading company in 1988 and expanded into importing and exporting multiple commodities. With a capital of ₹5 lakhs, the company was established as a partnership firm with the flagship company Adani Enterprises, previously Adani Exports.[14] In 1990, the Adani Group developed its own port in Mundra to provide a base for its trading operations. It began construction at Mundra in 1995. In 1998, it became the top net foreign exchange earner for India Inc.[15] The company began coal trading in 1999, followed by a joint venture in edible oil refining in 2000 with the formation of Adani Wilmar.[16]

Adani handled 4 Mt of cargo at Mundra in 2002, becoming the largest private port in India. Later in 2006, the company became the largest coal importer in India with 11 Mt of coal handling.[15] The company expanded its business in 2008, purchasing Bunyu Mine in Indonesia which has 180 Mt of coal reserves. In 2009 the firm began generating 330 MW of thermal power. It also built an edible oil refining capacity in India of 2.2 Mt per annum.[15]

The Adani group became India's largest private coal mining company after Adani Enterprises won the Orissa mine rights in 2010.[17] Operations at the Port of Dahej commenced in 2011 and its capacity subsequently grew to 20 Mt. The company also bought Galilee Basin mine in Australia with 10.4 gigatonnes (Gt) of coal reserves. It also commissioned 60 Mt of handling capacity for the coal import terminal in Mundra, making it the world's largest.[citation needed]

In 2011, the Adani group also bought Abbot Point port in Australia with 50 Mt of handling capacity. It commissioned India's largest solar power plant with a capacity 40 MW. As the firm achieved 3,960 MW capacity, it became the largest private sector thermal power producer in India. In 2012 The company shifted its focus on three business clusters – resources, logistics and energy.[18]

Adani Power emerged as India's largest private power producer in 2014.[19] Adani Power's total installed capacity then stood at 9,280 MW.[20] On 16 May of the same year, Adani Ports acquired Dhamra Port on East coast of India for 5,500 crore (equivalent to 71 billion or US$990 million in 2019).[21] Dhamra Port was a 50:50 joint venture between Tata Steel and L&T Infrastructure Development Projects, which has been acquired by Adani Ports. The port began operations in May 2011 and handled a total cargo of 14.3 Mt in 2013–14.[22] With the acquisition of Dhamra Port, the Group is planning to increase its capacity to over 200 Mt by 2020.[23][24]

Krishnapatnam Port in Andhra Pradesh.

In 2015, the Adani Group's Adani Renewable Energy Park signed a pact with the Rajasthan Government for a 50:50 joint venture to set up India's largest solar park with a capacity of 10,000 MW.[25] In November 2015, the Adani group began construction at the port in Vizhinjam, Kerala.[26]

Adani Aero Defence signed a pact with the Israeli arms manufacturer, Elbit-ISTAR, and Alpha Design Technologies to work in the field of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) in India in 2016. In April, Adani Enterprises secured approval from the Government of Gujarat to begin work on building a solar power equipment plant. In September, Adani Green Energy (Tamil Nadu), the renewable wing of the Adani Group, began operations in Kamuthi in Ramanathapuram, Tamil Nadu with a capacity of 648 MW at an estimated cost of 4,550 crore (equivalent to 53 billion or US$740 million in 2019).[27] In the same month, the Adani Group inaugurated a 648 MW single-location solar power plant. It was the world's largest solar power plant at the time it was set up.[27]

On 22 December 2017, the Adani Group acquired the power arm of Reliance Infrastructure for 18,800 crore (US$2.89 billion).[28]

In October 2019, French oil and gas company TotalEnergies bought a 37.4% stake in Adani Gas for 6,155 crore (US$874.04 million) and obtained joint control of the company.[29] Total also invested US$510 million in a subsidiary of Adani Green Energy in February 2020.[30]

In August 2020, Adani Group obtained a majority stake in Mumbai and Navi Mumbai airports after entering a debt acquisition agreement with GVK Group.[31] Through a concession agreement with the Airports Authority of India, Adani Group also obtained a 50-year lease on Ahmedabad, Guwahati, Jaipur, Lucknow, Mangalore and Thiruvananthapuram airports.[32]

In May 2021, Adani Green Energy acquired SB Energy, a joint venture of SoftBank Group and Bharti Enterprises, for US$3.5 billion.[33]

In May 2022, the Adani Group acquired Ambuja Cements and ACC for $10.5 billion. The deal will make the Adani Group the second largest cement maker in India.[34]

In May 2022, UAE-based conglomerate International Holding Company (IHC), headed by Syed Basar Shueb, invested US$2 billion in three Adani Group companies, namely Adani Green Energy, Adani Transmission and Adani Enterprises.[35][36] In June 2022, TotalEnergies acquired a 25% stake in Adani New Industries, the newly formed green hydrogen subsidiary of Adani Enterprises, for US$12.5 billion.[37]

Listed companies[edit]

Adani Enterprises[edit]

Adani Enterprises is a holding company, which is primarily engaged in mining and trading of coal and iron ore on a standalone basis, and acts as an incubator for Adani Group's new business ventures.[38] It has three main subsidiaries: Adani Wilmar (food processing), Adani Airport Holdings (airport operations) and Adani Road Transport (road development).[39]

Through its other subsidiaries, Adani Enterprises also has business interests in solar PV module manufacturing,[40] water infrastructure,[41] data centers,[42] agri-output storage and distribution,[43] defence and aerospace,[44] bunkering,[45] rail and metro infrastructure,[46] real estate,[47] financial services,[48] oil exploration,[49] petrochemicals[50] and cement.[51]

Adani Green Energy[edit]

Adani Green Energy is the renewable energy arm of the group, having wind and solar power plants in its portfolio.[52] It is the world's largest solar power developer by capacity, with a total capacity of 12.3 GW.[53] In 2022, Adani Green formed 3 new subsidiary companies, called Adani Renewable Energy Thirty Six, Adani Renewable Energy Forty Limited and Adani Renewable Energy Forty Seven Limited.[54]

Adani Ports & SEZ[edit]

A view of Mundra Port, 2017.

Adani Ports & SEZ (APSEZ) is the largest private port company and special economic zone in India, with ten ports and terminals including Mundra Port, its largest.[55] The company is headed by Karan Adani, CEO of APSEZ. The company's operations include Port management, logistics and the special economic zone. The company operates at the following ports: Mundra, Dahej, and Hazira, Gujarat; Dhamra, Odisha; Kattupalli, Tamil Nadu; and Vizhinjam, Kerala.[citation needed]

Adani Power[edit]

Adani Power was established in August 1996.[56] The company develops and maintains power projects and is the largest private sector power generation company in the country.[57] It has a combined installed capacity of 12,450 MW with four thermal power projects across India.[58]

Adani Transmission[edit]

Integrated in 2013, Adani Transmission handles the commissioning, operations and maintenance of electric power transmission systems.[59] As of May 2021, the company holds, operates and maintains 17,200 circuit kilometres of transmission lines that range from 400 to 765 kilovolts, making it India's largest private sector power transmission and distribution network.[60][61]

Adani Total Gas[edit]

Adani Total Gas is a city gas distribution company serving both industrial and residential customers in India through piped natural gas connections and compressed natural gas stations. It is a joint venture between Adani Group and the French oil and gas company TotalEnergies.[62] Adani Total Gas has presence in 22 geographical areas (GAs) as a standalone entity as of November 2020.[63]

Indian Oil-Adani Gas Pvt. Ltd., a 50:50 joint venture between Adani Total Gas and Indian Oil Corporation, operates city gas distribution networks in 19 GAs.[63] With a combined presence of 41 GAs in 74 districts, Adani Total Gas is the largest city gas operator in India.[64] Recently, The Adani Group announced strategic collaboration with Snam, Europe's leading gas infrastructure company on energy mix transition.[65]

Adani Wilmar[edit]

Adani Wilmar, a joint venture between Adani Enterprises and Wilmar International, is the owner of the Fortune brand of edible oils.[66]

In May 2022, Adani Wilmar Limited (AWL) acquired ‘Kohinoor’ brand from McCormick Switzerland GMBH.[67]

Sports[edit]

Adani Arena in Rockhampton, Australia

Template:Promotional tone

In addition to its industrial interests, the Adani group owns several sports teams, such as the Gujarat Giants team in the Pro Kabaddi League.[68] In 2022, Adani Group acquired the Gulf Giants team in UAE's International League T20.[69] It also purchased a franchise in Legends League Cricket.[70][when?] In 2023, it purchased a team in the Women's Premier League based in Ahmedabad.

Teams Owned by Adani Group:

Team Sports League Refs
Gujarat Giants Kabaddi Pro Kabaddi League [71]
Gujarat Giants Cricket Women's Indian Premier League [72]
Gulf Giants Cricket International League T20 [69]
Gujarat Giants Cricket Legends League Cricket [70]
Gujarat Giants Boxing Big Bout Boxing League [73]
Gujarat Giants Kho kho Ultimate Kho Kho League [74]

Adani also sponsored various other sports initiatives, including a 2016 nationwide programme to prepare athletes for Rio Olympics called Garv Hai ( transl. We are proud). It was re-launched for a second time to groom athletes for 2020 Tokyo Olympics, 2022 Asian Games and Commonwealth Games. The programme focuses on archery, shooting, athletics, boxing, and wrestling.[75][76] Beneficiaries of the Garv Hai pilot project in 2016 include Ankita Raina (tennis), Pinki Jangra (boxing), Shiva Thapa (boxing), Khushbir Kaur (athletics), Inderjeet Singh (athletics), Mandeep Jangra (boxing), Malaika Goel (shooting), Deepak Punia (wrestling), KT Irfan (racewalking) and Sanjivani Jadhav (athletics).[75][76]

Adani Group has naming rights on Hegvold Stadium (now known as Adani Arena) in Rockhampton[77] and the pavilion end of the Narendra Modi Stadium in Ahmedabad.[78]

Covid response[edit]

In 2020, the Adani Foundation donated 100 crore (US$14 million) to the PM CARES Fund to fight the COVID-19 pandemic.[79][80] The Foundation made contributions of 5 crore (US$700,000) to the Gujarat CM Relief Fund and 1 crore (US$140,000) to the Maharashtra CM Relief Fund.[81] The employees of Adani Group made a contribution of 4 crore (US$560,000) to Adani Foundation for COVID-19 relief measures.[82]

In March 2021, Adani Group announced that it will reimburse the charges incurred by the employees and their families for the COVID-19 vaccination.[83]

In May 2021, Adani Group procured 48 cryogenic tanks from manufacturers in Thailand, Singapore, Saudi Arabia, UAE and Taiwan for transporting medical grade liquid oxygen to combat the second wave of COVID-19 in India.[84][85]

Controversies[edit]

Coal mining in Australia[edit]

Coal spill at Abbot Point, Australia, after Cyclone Debbie, 2017.

The Adani Group launched in 2014, with the support of a part of the Australian Government and Queensland, a mining and rail project (Carmichael coal mine) in Carmichael in Queensland's Galilee Basin for $21.5 billion[86] over the life of the project, i.e. 60 years.[86] This mine is one of many coal mines in Queensland, Australia. Its annual capacity would be 10 Mt of thermal coal.[87]

This project will occupy an area of 35,000 hectares (86,000 acres). In response to activist pressure some international banks refused to finance it,[88] and in November 2018, Adani Australia announced that the Carmichael project would be 100% financed by Adani Group resources.[89] In July 2019, the project received its final approvals from the Australian Government and construction of the mine commenced.[90]

The Australian Government has been taken to the Federal Court of Australia by the Australian Conservation Foundation twice, once in 2018 and once in March 2020 (still ongoing as of September 2020), relating to its contravention and alleged contravention of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 with respect to the impact of the Carmichael mine on groundwater and the country's water resources.[91]

In 2020, Adani Mining changed its name to Bravus Mining and Resources.[92]

On 29 December 2021, Bravus announced that the first shipment of high-quality coal from the Carmichael mine had been assembled at the North Queensland Export Terminal (NQXT) in Bowen ready for export as planned.[93]

Cronyism[edit]

Chairman and MD Gautam Adani has been described as being close to former Chief Minister of Gujarat and Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and his ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).[94] This has led to allegations of cronyism as his firms have won many Indian energy and infrastructure government contracts.[95] In 2012, an Indian government auditor accused Modi of giving low cost fuel from a Gujarat state-run gas company to the Adani group and other companies.[96][97] In Jharkhand, the BJP-led state government made an exception to its energy policy for Adani's Godda power plant.[98] Both the Adani Group and Modi's government have denied allegations of cronyism.[97]

The Modi government extended an extraordinary favour to Gautam Adani in order to promote his coal business. Although the Modi government had ascertained that a particular regulation handing over coal blocks to the private sector was ‘inappropriate’ and lacked transparency, the government made an exception. It allowed Adani Enterprises Limited to mine from a block holding more than 450 million tonnes of coal in one of India’s densest forest patches.[99][100]

Leverage[edit]

In August 2022, CreditSights, a unit of Fitch Ratings, warned that Adani Group was "deeply overleveraged” and that its recent aggressive expansion had hurt the group's cash flow and credit metrics. It also stated that a potential "worst-case scenario" could lead the group to end up in a debt trap and a potential default.[101][102] However, in September 2022, CreditSights made some corrections in the report and removed the mention of Adani Group being "deeply overleveraged".[103]

Tax evasion[edit]

On 27 February 2010, Central Bureau of Investigation arrested Rajesh Adani, managing director of Adani Enterprises Ltd., on charges of custom duty evasion amounting to ₹80 lakh.[104]

In August 2017, Indian customs alleged the Adani Group was diverting millions of funds from the company's books to Adani family tax havens overseas. Adani was accused of using a Dubai shell company to divert the funds.[105] The details of a $235 million diversion were obtained and published by The Guardian.[106] In 2014, the Directorate of Revenue Intelligence mapped out a complex money trail from India through South Korea and Dubai, and eventually to an offshore company in Mauritius allegedly owned by Vinod Shantilal Adani, the older brother of Gautam Adani.[107]

Stock manipulation and accounting fraud[edit]

In January 2023, Hindenburg Research published the findings of a two-year investigation alleging that Adani had engaged in market manipulation and accounting malpractices. The report accused Adani of pulling "the largest con in corporate history"[8][108] and "brazen stock manipulation and accounting fraud scheme over the course of decades".[8][109] Hindenburg also disclosed that it was holding short positions on Adani Group companies.[110][111][112] Bonds and shares of companies associated with Adani experienced a decline of more than $104 billion in market value after the accusations,[113][114][115] representing approximately half of the market value.[116] Hedge fund manager Bill Ackman said Hindenburg's Adani Report was "highly credible and extremely well researched."[117][118] Adani denied the fraud allegations as without merit.[119]

On 29 January, Adani released a 413 page response to the Hindenburg report, calling Hindenburg’s conduct a "calculated securities fraud"[120] and the report a "calculated attack on India, the independence, integrity and quality of Indian institutions, and the growth story and ambition of India."[121] Hindenburg characterized the response as failing to engage with the issues raised by its initial report, and an exercise in obfuscation under the garb of nationalism.[122] On 1 February, Adani cancelled its planned $2.5 billion (Rs 20,000 crore) Follow-on Public Offer (FPO) citing market volatility, and announced that it would return the FPO money to investors.[123] Reserve Bank of India sought details from banks on exposure to Adani firms.[124] Citigroup's wealth unit stopped extending margin loans to its clients against securities of Adani Group.[125] Credit Suisse Group AG stopped accepting bonds of Adani Group companies as collateral for margin loans to its private banking clients.[126][127] S&P Dow Jones Indices removed Adani Enterprises from its sustainability index.[128]

Norway's Oil Fund, which had already shed a bulk of its Adani shares pre-Hindenburg report, divested its entire stake following the report.[129][130]

On 23 February 2023, the Adani Group said it is exploring legal options to take "punitive action" against Hindenburg Research for its findings. However, a Hindenburg statement asserted that it stands by its report that alleged "brazen" market manipulation and accounting fraud by the Adani Group.[131]

A group of truckers transporting cement from Adani’s factories in Himachal Pradesh has celebrated the Hindenburg report. The truckers assert that the critical research report on Adani Group was a godsend that helped them save their livelihoods. Around 7,000 truck owners and drivers in Himachal Pradesh were protesting against Adani’s decision to shut two cement plants over a dispute on freight rates. [132] The report "played a crucial role in our battle against the India’s biggest business group, helped mobilize truckers and gain political support," said Ram Krishan Sharma, one of the lead negotiators for protesting truckers.[133][134]

A report of 2 March 2023 reveals that an entity related to the Adani Group financially supported a company that violated sanctions imposed by the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) on trade with North Korea. The sanctioned company was owned by sons of Chang Chung-Ling, an Adani Group associate who appeared in the Hindenburg report because of his directorship of Adani entities. [135]

Investigation[edit]

On 13 February 2023, India's markets regulator - the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) - confirmed that it is investigating allegations made by Hindenburg Research against companies owned by Gautam Adani.[136][137]

On 2 March 2023, the Supreme Court of India formed a six-member committee which is supposed to examine issues related to the Adani Group's stock crash after the Hindenburg report.[138]

Manipulating Wikipedia entries[edit]

A February 2023 article in The Signpost said that the Adani team has been manipulating Wikipedia entries using sock puppet accounts to insert promotional material and remove or edit criticism.[139][140][141]

References[edit]

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 "About us | Growth with Goodness".
  2. 2.0 2.1 Tyagi, Prince (21 September 2022). "Gautam Adani's Group pledges shares worth $12.5 billion in Ambuja Cements, ACC". Business Today (India). Retrieved 12 February 2023.
  3. "Adani Group no longer a $100 billion empire: Tracking the dip in 10 listed companies after Hindenburg report".
  4. "After ADAG, Adani enters defence sector, signs up with Israeli firm". 30 March 2016. Retrieved 25 June 2018.
  5. "Adani Group becomes 3rd Indian conglomerate to cross $100 billion in m-cap". Business Standard India. 6 April 2021. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
  6. "Adani Group becomes third Indian conglomerate to cross $200 billion Mcap". Moneycontrol. Retrieved 13 April 2022.
  7. "Adani beats Tatas to be most valued group". Times of India. 17 September 2022. Retrieved 17 September 2022.
  8. 8.0 8.1 8.2 "Adani Group: How The World's 3rd Richest Man Is Pulling The Largest Con In Corporate History". hindenburgresearch.com. Hindenburg Research. 24 January 2023. Retrieved 24 January 2023.
  9. Findlay, Stephanie; Lockett, Hudson (13 November 2020). "'Modi's Rockefeller': Gautam Adani and the concentration of power in India". Financial Times. Retrieved 24 January 2023.
  10. Madhok, Diksha (13 November 2020). "Gautam Adani was a college dropout. Now he may be too big to fail". CNN. Retrieved 24 January 2023.
  11. "Adani sees controversies as challenges. And there are plenty of them". Vibes of India. 25 November 2021. Retrieved 24 January 2023.
  12. Gerry Shih; Niha Masih; Anant Gupta. "How political will often favors a coal billionaire and his dirty fossil fuel". The Washington Post. Retrieved 9 December 2022.
  13. "'Extreme leverage'? Adani's debt-driven expansion under scrutiny". Financial Times. 1 February 2023.
  14. "Gautam Adani Biography- About family, children, education, wife, age, and more". business.mapsofindia.com. Retrieved 25 June 2018.
  15. 15.0 15.1 15.2 "Adandi: Business of Success" (PDF). superbrandsindia.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 May 2018. Retrieved 16 December 2018.
  16. "Adani to bring Wilmar products to India". 23 November 2012. Retrieved 25 June 2018.
  17. "Adani bags rights to develop Orissa coal block". economictimes.indiatimes.com. 27 October 2010. Archived from the original on 15 October 2012. Retrieved 16 December 2018.
  18. "Adani Group to have new identity, logo". 22 February 2012. Retrieved 25 June 2018.
  19. Gadgil, Makarand (3 April 2014). "Adani Power commissions 4th unit of Tiroda power plant in Gujarat". Retrieved 25 June 2018.
  20. "Adani Power becomes India's largest private power producer". articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com. 4 April 2014. Archived from the original on 7 April 2014. Retrieved 16 December 2018.
  21. Mandavia, Megha; Barman, Arijit (17 May 2014). "Adani Ports acquires Dhamra Port on east coast of India for Rs 5,500 crore". The Economic Times. Retrieved 25 June 2018.
  22. "Adani acquires Dhamra Port for Rs 5,500 crore". Business Standard India. 17 May 2014. Retrieved 25 June 2018 – via Business Standard.
  23. "Adani Ports acquires Dhamra Port for Rs.5,500 cr". The Hindu. 16 May 2014. Retrieved 25 June 2018 – via www.thehindu.com.
  24. "Adani Ports buys Dhamra Port from Tata Steel, L&T for Rs 5,500 crore". businesstoday.in. 17 May 2014. Retrieved 25 June 2018.
  25. "Adani to set up country's largest solar park of 10,000 MW in Rajasthan". 16 June 2015. Retrieved 25 June 2018.
  26. "Adani in Pact with Kerala for Vizhinjam Port". 18 August 2015. Retrieved 25 June 2018.
  27. 27.0 27.1 Scott, D. j Walter (22 September 2016). "Adani's 648-MW solar plant inaugurated". The Hindu. Retrieved 25 June 2018 – via www.thehindu.com.
  28. Patra, Shakti (21 December 2017). "Reliance Infrastructure sells Mumbai power business to Adani Transmission for Rs18,800 crore". Retrieved 25 June 2018.
  29. Manoj, P. (14 October 2019). "Total buys 37.4 per cent stake in Adani Gas for Rs 6,155 crore". Business Line. Retrieved 5 July 2021.
  30. "Adani Green Energy surges after signing deal with Total for $510 million". The Economic Times. Retrieved 6 July 2021.
  31. "Adani takes over MIAL, Navi Mumbai airports after a 2-year tussle with GVK". Business Line. Retrieved 5 June 2021.
  32. "Adani Group completes acquisition of 23.5% stake in Mumbai Airport; to hike ownership to 74%". www.businesstoday.in. Retrieved 25 April 2021.
  33. Jai, Shreya (19 May 2021). "Adani Green buys SB Energy from Softbank and Bharti; firm valued at $3.5 bn". Business Standard India. Retrieved 5 July 2021.
  34. "Adani Group becomes India's 2nd largest cement maker with $10.5 billion acquisition of Ambuja-ACC". India Today. Retrieved 16 May 2022.
  35. "Three Adani Group companies receive $2 billion from Abu Dhabi's IHC". The Economic Times.
  36. "Abu Dhabi's IHC invests ₹15,400 crore in three Adani firms". 17 May 2022.
  37. Laskar, Anirudh (14 June 2022). "French energy giant TotalEnergies to invest $12.5 bn in Adani Group's new firm". Mint (newspaper). Retrieved 1 July 2022.
  38. "Adani Enterprises becomes second-most valuable Adani Group firm". Business Standard India. 4 June 2021. Retrieved 5 June 2021.
  39. "Adani Enterprises Ltd Q3 FY21 Performance Highlights" (PDF). Retrieved 21 April 2021.
  40. "Adani Green arm transfers 74% stake held in Mundra Solar Energy to Adani Enterprises". India Infoline. Retrieved 1 June 2021.
  41. "Adani Enterprises incorporates subsidiary - Prayagraj Water". Business Standard India. 27 December 2018. Retrieved 1 June 2021.
  42. "Adani Enterprises, EdgeConneX form new data center JV, AdaniConneX". Mint (newspaper). 23 February 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.
  43. Singh, Ruchira (21 January 2015). "Adani in slow, strategic bid to stay ahead in agriculture". Mint (newspaper). Retrieved 1 June 2021.
  44. "Adani Enterprises gains as Airbus, Adani Defence sign MoU". Business Standard India. 7 February 2020. Retrieved 1 June 2021.
  45. Sood, Jyotika; Bhaskar, Utpal (28 February 2017). "Adani Enterprises plans ship-fuelling business expansion". Mint (newspaper). Retrieved 7 June 2021.
  46. Prasad, Rachita (17 October 2019). "Adani Enterprises sets up new arm for metro rail business". The Economic Times. Retrieved 8 June 2021.
  47. Jog, Sanjay; Kamath, Raghavendra (28 May 2014). "Adani in realty push, lines up projects". Business Standard India. Retrieved 1 June 2021.
  48. Kurup, Rajesh. "Adani Capital acquires Essel Finance's MSME loan business". Business Line. Retrieved 1 June 2021.
  49. "Adani Welspun finds gas in offshore Mumbai". Mint (newspaper). Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  50. "Adani Enterprises incorporates wholly-owned arm Mundra Petrochem Limited". The Economic Times. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
  51. "Adani Enterprises Incorporates New Subsidiary For Cement Business". Moneycontrol. Retrieved 18 June 2021.
  52. "Adani Green Energy arm bags 130-MW wind power project from SECI". The Economic Times. Retrieved 23 March 2021.
  53. Thomas, Tanya (1 September 2020). "With 8GW of SECI contracts, Adani Green is largest solar power developer". Mint (newspaper). Retrieved 8 July 2021.
  54. "Adani Green". Business Standard.
  55. "'Adani aims to become world's top port operator by 2030'". @businessline. 26 June 2021. Retrieved 20 July 2021.
  56. "Rajesh Adani: The Journey from Ahmedabad to Adani Group". Pressroom Today. Archived from the original on 4 May 2018. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
  57. "Adani Power becomes India's largest private power producer". 7 April 2014. Archived from the original on 7 April 2014. Retrieved 6 July 2021.
  58. Thomas, Tanya (19 August 2020). "Adani looks to buy OPG's thermal plant". Mint (newspaper). Retrieved 20 July 2021.
  59. "Adani Transmission Ltd". Business Standard India. Retrieved 25 June 2018 – via Business Standard.
  60. "Adani Transmission becomes the second most valuable Adani Group firm". Business Standard India. 21 May 2021. Retrieved 7 July 2021.
  61. "Company Profile for ${Instrument_CompanyName}". IN. Retrieved 25 June 2018.
  62. "Adani Gas to change name to Adani Total Gas". The Economic Times. Retrieved 6 February 2021.
  63. 63.0 63.1 "Adani Gas gains for fifth straight day after it buys CGD biz in 3 new areas". Business Standard India. 9 November 2020. Retrieved 6 June 2021.
  64. "Adani Gas to acquire three of Jay Madhok Energy's city gas licences". Business Standard India. 4 November 2020. Retrieved 6 June 2021.
  65. "Adani Group announces strategic collaboration with Snam, Europe's leading gas infrastructure company on energy mix transition". www.adanigas.com. Retrieved 20 October 2021.
  66. Devika Singh (21 January 2022). "We're building Fortune to be India's largest food brand, says Adani Wilmar CEO Angshu Mallick". Moneycontrol. Retrieved 9 December 2022.
  67. "Adani Wilmar buys several brands, including 'Kohinoor' to strengthen food business". The Indian Express. Press Trust of India. 3 May 2022. Retrieved 9 December 2022.
  68. "Gujarat Giants About". Gujarat Giants.
  69. 69.0 69.1 "Adani Group makes landmark foray into franchise cricket acquiring rights to a franchise in UAE's flagship T20 league". Emirates cricket. Retrieved 16 May 2022.
  70. 70.0 70.1 "Adani Group acquires franchise in Legends League Cricket". livemint. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
  71. "Gujarat Giants | Official Website | Kabaddi, kho kho, cricket and more". Gujarat Giants. Retrieved 31 January 2023.
  72. "Adani Teams". adanisportsline.com.
  73. PTI (21 December 2019). "Indian Boxing League: Gujarat Giants beats Punjab Panthers to win title". sportstar.thehindu.com. Retrieved 31 January 2023.
  74. "Gujarat Giants". Ultimate Kho Kho. Retrieved 31 January 2023.
  75. 75.0 75.1 "Adani Group announces training aid for hidden sports talents". The Quint. 27 June 2019.
  76. 76.0 76.1 "Adani Group launches Garv Hai project to groom potential medallists". Sportstar. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
  77. "Goodbye Hegvold Stadium, hello Adani Arena". The Morning Bulletin. Retrieved 22 July 2021.
  78. Chaudhary, Archana (25 February 2021). "World's Biggest Cricket Arena That Hosted Trump Is Renamed After Modi". Bloomberg News. Retrieved 22 July 2021.
  79. Joshi, Manas (29 March 2020). "Gautam Adani gives Rs 100 crore to PM Fund to fight coronavirus". www.indiatvnews.com. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
  80. "COVID-19: Adani Foundation contributes Rs. 100 Cr to PM-CARES fund". India Gazette. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
  81. "Billionaire Gautam Adani commits to support fight against coronavirus". The Economic Times. 4 April 2020. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
  82. "Ahmedabad: Gautam Adani employees contribute Rs 4 crore to PM fund". The Times of India. 4 April 2020. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
  83. Staff Writer (21 March 2021). "Adani Group to reimburse Covid vaccination charges to employees". Mint (newspaper). Retrieved 26 April 2021.
  84. "Adani Group deploys resources for Covid fight, procures 48 oxygen carrying tanks". The Financial Express (India). 8 May 2021. Retrieved 1 July 2021.
  85. "From Amazon to Tata, Reliance to Vedanta, industry steps up to combat COVID-19 pandemic". www.msn.com. Retrieved 1 July 2021.
  86. 86.0 86.1 "Bravus | An Australian business providing energy for an advancing world | Bravus". Bravus | An Australian business providing energy for an advancing world | Bravus. Retrieved 25 January 2023.
  87. "Carmichael Mine | Bravus Mining & Resources". Carmichael Mine | Bravus Mining & Resources. Retrieved 18 May 2021.
  88. Milman, Oliver (17 November 2014). "Carmichael mine: environmental impact will be unknown for years". The Guardian – via www.theguardian.com.
  89. "Adani's Carmichael mine, rail project to be financed through group's resources". Business Standard India. Press Trust of India. 29 November 2018. Retrieved 18 May 2021.
  90. "Carmichael Coal Mine and Rail Project". statedevelopment.qld.gov.au. 12 November 2020.
  91. "ACF challenges Morrison Government decision to not apply water trigger to Adani pipeline". Australian Conservation Foundation. 16 March 2020. Retrieved 31 August 2020.
  92. Philpott, Meech (5 November 2020). "Adani Mining changes name to Bravus in Australia". ABC News. Retrieved 19 September 2022.
  93. "Carmichael's first export ready to sail". Archived from the original on 2 January 2022. Retrieved 2 January 2022.
  94. Farrer, Martin (24 August 2022). "Media freedom fears in India after Modi ally Adani buys 29% stake in NDTV". The Guardian. Retrieved 31 December 2022.
  95. "For India, the Adani Group is growing too big to fail". Quartz. 13 December 2022. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
  96. "CAG slams Modi regime for financial irregularities". The Hindu. 30 March 2012. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
  97. 97.0 97.1 "Gautam Adani: The school dropout's high-risk journey to become Asia's richest man". BBC News. 2 December 2022. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
  98. Shih, Gerry; Masih, Niha; Gupta, Anant (9 December 2022). "How political will often favors a coal billionaire and his dirty fossil fuel". The Washington Post. Retrieved 31 December 2022.
  99. "Modi govt allowed Adani coal deals it knew were 'inappropriate'". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 2 March 2023.
  100. "The Reporters' Collective | Home". www.reporters-collective.in. Retrieved 2 March 2023.
  101. "Explained: Fitch says Adani is 'over leveraged' — what does over leveraging mean in business?". The Indian Express. 24 August 2022. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
  102. "Adani's empire is 'deeply overleveraged,' Fitch Group unit warns". The Indian Express. 23 August 2022. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
  103. "Adani Group debt data tweaked by CreditSights in toned down note". The Times of India. Bloomberg. 8 September 2022. Retrieved 10 January 2023.
  104. "Adani Enterprises MD arrested for custom duty evasion – Times of India ►". The Times of India. 27 February 2010. Retrieved 7 April 2019.
  105. Safi, Michael (21 February 2018). "Adani mining giant facing renewed claims of $600m fraud in India". the Guardian. Retrieved 25 June 2018.
  106. "Adani document". Scribd. Retrieved 25 June 2018.
  107. Safi, Michael (15 August 2017). "Adani mining giant faces financial fraud claims as it bids for Australian coal loan". The Guardian. Retrieved 25 June 2018.
  108. "India's Richest Man Accused of Pulling the 'Largest Con in Corporate History'". Time. 25 January 2023. Retrieved 2 February 2023.
  109. Madhok, Diksha (30 January 2023). "Adani slams US short seller 'attack on India' as stock rout hits $70 billion | CNN Business". CNN. Retrieved 2 February 2023.
  110. Thomas, Chris; Kalra, Aditya (25 January 2023). "Hindenburg shorts India's Adani citing debt, accounting concerns; shares plunge". Reuters. Retrieved 25 January 2023.
  111. Sorkin, Andrew Ross; Mattu, Ravi; Warner, Bernhard; Kessler, Sarah; Merced, Michael J. de la; Hirsch, Lauren; Livni, Ephrat (25 January 2023). "A Short Seller Takes Aim at an Indian Corporate Giant". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 January 2023.
  112. Lockett, Hudson (25 January 2023). "Adani shares take $10.8bn hit after Hindenburg bets against group". Financial Times. Retrieved 25 January 2023.
  113. Lee, Jihye (25 January 2023). "Adani shares fall as short seller firm Hindenburg announces short position". CNBC. Retrieved 25 January 2023.
  114. Kay, Chris; Vishnoi, Abhishek; Joshi, Ashutosh (25 January 2023). "Hindenburg Targets Asia's Richest Man, Triggering Adani Selloff". Bloomberg News. Retrieved 25 January 2023.
  115. "Adani Rout Crosses $51 Billion as Stocks Plunge by Daily Limits". news.bloomberglaw.com. Retrieved 27 January 2023.
  116. Barrett, Jonathan (1 February 2023). "Why has the Adani Group shed US$90bn in value and what do short sellers have to gain?". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2 February 2023.
  117. "Bill Ackman says Hindenburg's Adani report 'highly credible'". Reuters. 27 January 2023. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
  118. Aravindan, Aradhana; Sanjai, P R (27 January 2023). "Bill Ackman Calls Hindenburg's Adani Report 'Highly Credible'". Bloomberg News. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
  119. Madhok, Diksha (25 January 2023). "Asia's richest man slams short-seller's fraud claims as 'baseless' and 'malicious'". CNN Business. Atlanta, Georgia, USA. Retrieved 25 January 2023.
  120. Sanjai, P R; Shukla, Sidhartha (29 January 2023). "Adani's 413-Page Reply to Hindenburg After $51 Billion Wipeout". Bloomberg News. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
  121. Barrett, Jonathan (30 January 2023). "Adani claims US investment firm's fraud allegations are an 'attack on India'". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2 February 2023.
  122. Kay, Chris (30 January 2023). "Hindenburg Says Adani's Nationalist Rebuttal Ignores Allegations". Bloomberg News. Retrieved 30 January 2023.
  123. "Adani Enterprises Calls Off FPO, Money To Be Returned To Investors". Retrieved 2 February 2023.
  124. "RBI looking at banks' exposure to Adani group companies, seeks present status: Sources". Moneycontrol.
  125. Daga, Anshuman (2 February 2023). "Citigroup stops margin loans against India Adani's securities - source". Reuters – via www.reuters.com.
  126. Ray, Siladitya (1 February 2023). "Credit Suisse Reportedly Assigns Zero Lending Value To Adani Group Bonds Following Hindenburg Allegations". Forbes.
  127. Wee, Denise; Chanjaroen, Chanyaporn (1 February 2023). "Credit Suisse's Wealth Unit Halts Margin Loans on Adani Debt". Bloomberg News. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  128. Lee, Jihye. "S&P Dow Jones is knocking Adani Enterprises off its sustainability index". CNBC.
  129. Livemint (9 February 2023). "Norway wealth fund sold stakes in Adani companies". Mint (newspaper). Retrieved 9 February 2023.
  130. Lundgren, Kari (9 February 2023). "Norway Wealth Fund Unloads Rest of Its Adani Group Holding". BNN Bloomberg, Canada. Retrieved 9 February 2023.
  131. "Adani Says Examining Legal Options Against Hindenburg; US Firm Stands By Its 106-Page Report". Zee News. Retrieved 26 February 2023.
  132. "Indian truckers say Hindenburg report was a godsend in Adani dispute". CNBC. Retrieved 26 February 2023.
  133. "Why Hindenburg's report on Adani Group is a blessing in disguise for truckers in Himachal". 23 February 2023.
  134. "Deadlock between Adani Cement and truckers ends, company to reopen Himachal Pradesh plants". The Economic Times. 21 February 2023.
  135. "Exclusive: Was Adani's associate in China involved in violating UN Security Council sanctions against North Korea?". Adani Watch. Retrieved 2 March 2023.
  136. "Adani: India watchdog probing Hindenburg fraud allegations". BBC News. 14 February 2023. Retrieved 16 February 2023.
  137. "SEBI probing Hindenburg Research allegations on Adani, SC told". Moneycontrol. Retrieved 16 February 2023.
  138. "Adani Row To Be Probed, Supreme Court Forms Panel, Wants Regulator Report". NDTV.com. Retrieved 2 March 2023.
  139. Agarwal, Nikhil (21 February 2023). "Wikipedia says Adani team manipulated articles on the group". The Economic Times.
  140. "Adani Group 'almost certainly' manipulated its entries on Wikipedia, alleges site's newspaper". Scroll.in. 23 February 2023.
  141. Banthia, Jyoti (21 February 2023). "Did Adani systematically manipulate Wikipedia entries?". Mint (newspaper).

External links[edit]

Information red.svg
Scan the QR code to donate via UPI
Dear reader, We kindly request your support in maintaining the independence of Bharatpedia. As a non-profit organization, we rely heavily on small donations to sustain our operations and provide free access to reliable information to the world. We would greatly appreciate it if you could take a moment to consider donating to our cause, as it would greatly aid us in our mission. Your contribution would demonstrate the importance of reliable and trustworthy knowledge to you and the world. Thank you.

Please select an option below or scan the QR code to donate
₹150 ₹500 ₹1,000 ₹2,000 ₹5,000 ₹10,000 Other