L. K. Advani: Difference between revisions

L. K. Advani
L. K. Advani
	Advani in 2022
Deputy Prime Minister of India
	In office; 29 June 2002 – 22 May 2004
Prime Minister	Atal Bihari Vajpayee
Preceded by	Devi Lal (1991)
Succeeded by	Vacant
Union Minister of Home Affairs
	In office; 19 March 1998 – 22 May 2004
Prime Minister	Atal Bihari Vajpayee
Preceded by	Indrajit Gupta
Succeeded by	Shivraj Patil
16th Union Minister of Coal and Mines
	In office; 1 July 2002 – 26 August 2002
Prime Minister	Atal Bihari Vajpayee
Preceded by	Atal Bihari Vajpayee
Succeeded by	Uma Bharati
17th Union Minister of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
	In office; 29 January 2003 – 21 May 2004
Prime Minister	Atal Bihari Vajpayee
Preceded by	Atal Bihari Vajpayee
Succeeded by	Manmohan Singh
6th Leader of the Opposition in Lok Sabha
	In office; 22 May 2004 – 21 December 2009
Prime Minister	Manmohan Singh
Preceded by	Sonia Gandhi
Succeeded by	Sushma Swaraj
	In office; 24 December 1990 – 25 July 1993
Prime Minister	Chandra Shekhar; P. V. Narasimha Rao;
Preceded by	Rajiv Gandhi
Succeeded by	Atal Bihari Vajpayee
Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha
	In office; 28 February 1998 – 23 May 2019
Preceded by	Vijay Patel
Succeeded by	Amit Shah
Constituency	Gandhinagar, Gujarat
	In office; 26 November 1989 – 7 May 1996
Preceded by	Krishna Chandra Pant
Succeeded by	Rajesh Khanna
Constituency	New Delhi, Delhi
2nd President of the Bharatiya Janata Party
	In office; 2004–2005
Preceded by	Venkaiah Naidu
Succeeded by	Rajnath Singh
	In office; 1993–1998
Preceded by	Murli Manohar Joshi
Succeeded by	Kushabhau Thakre
	In office; 1986–1991
Preceded by	Atal Bihari Vajpayee
Succeeded by	Murli Manohar Joshi
5th Leader of the Opposition in Rajya Sabha
	In office; 21 January 1980 – 7 April 1980
Vice President	Mohammad Hidayatullah
Preceded by	Kamalapati Tripathi
Succeeded by	P. Shiv Shankar
11th Union Minister of Information & Broadcasting
	In office; 24 March 1977 – 28 July 1979
Prime Minister	Morarji Desai
Preceded by	Vidya Charan Shukla
Succeeded by	Purushottam Kaushik
Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha
	In office; 3 April 1988 – 30 November 1989
Preceded by	Hans Raj Bhardwaj
Succeeded by	Jinendra Kumar Jain
Constituency	Madhya Pradesh
	In office; 3 April 1982 – 2 April 1988
Preceded by	Sawai Singh Sisodiya
Succeeded by	Radhakishan Malviya
Constituency	Madhya Pradesh
	In office; 3 April 1976 – 2 April 1982
Preceded by	Devdatt Kumar Kikabhai Patel
Succeeded by	Kumud Ben Joshi
Constituency	Gujarat
Personal details
Born	Lal Krishna Advani; 8 November 1927 (age 98); Karachi, Bombay Presidency, British India (present–day Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan)
Political party	Bharatiya Janata Party (1980–present)
Other political; affiliations	Janata Party (1977–1980); Bharatiya Jana Sangh (1951–1977);
Spouse(s)	Kamla Advani (m. 1965; died 2016)
Children	Pratibha Advani (daughter); Jayant Advani (son)
Residence	30, Prithviraj Road, New Delhi;
Alma mater	St. Patrick's High School, Karachi; Government Law College, Mumbai
Occupation	Journalist; diplomat; trade unionist; politician;
Awards	Bharat Ratna; Padma Vibhushan
Signature

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Latest revision as of 16:39, 29 March 2026

Lal Krishna Advani (born 8 November 1927) is an Indian politician and statesman who served as the 7th Deputy Prime Minister of India from 2002 to 2004. He is one of the co-founders of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and a member of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), a right-wing Hindutva paramilitary organisation. He was the longest serving Minister of Home Affairs serving for 6 years and 64 days from 1998 to 2004, until his protége Amit Shah overtook him in 2025. He is also the longest serving Leader of the Opposition in the Lok Sabha, as well as the longest serving President of the BJP, the current ruling party of India. He was the party's prime ministerial candidate during the 1989, 1991, and 2009 general elections.

Advani was born in Karachi and migrated to India during the Partition of India and settled down in Bombay where he completed his college education. Advani joined the RSS in 1941 at the age of fourteen and worked as a pracharak (RSS officer) in Rajasthan. In 1951, Advani became a member of the Bharatiya Jana Sangh party founded by Syama Prasad Mookerjee and performed various roles, including supervisor of parliamentary affairs, general secretary, and president of the Delhi unit. In 1967, he was elected as the chairman of the First Delhi metropolitan council and served till 1970 while becoming a member of the RSS national executive. In 1970, Advani became a member of the Rajya Sabha for the first time and would go on to serve four terms until 1989. He became the president of Jan Sangh in 1973, and it merged into the Janata Party before the 1977 general election. Following the Janata party's victory in the elections, Advani became the union minister for Information and Broadcasting and leader of the house in Rajya Sabha.

In 1980, Lal Krishna was one of the founding members of the BJP along with Atal Bihari Vajpayee and served as the president of the party three times. He was elected to the Lok Sabha for the first time in 1989 where he served seven terms. In 1992, he was alleged to have been part of the Demolition of the Babri Masjid, but was acquitted by the courts due to lack of evidence. Following the same, he was one of the chief proponents of the movement to build a temple over the disputed Ram Janmabhoomi site in Ayodhya and the subsequent rise of Hindutva, a Hindu nationalist ideology, in the late 1990s. He has served as leader of opposition in both the houses. He was the minister of home affairs from 1998 to 2004 and deputy prime minister from 2002 to 2004. He served in the Indian parliament until 2019 and is credited for rise of BJP as a major political party. In 2015, he was awarded the Padma Vibhushan, India's second highest civilian honour and in 2024, he was conferred with Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honour.^[4]

Early and personal life[edit | edit source]

Advani was born on 8 November 1927 in Karachi, British India, in a Sindhi Hindu Lohana family^[5]^[6]^[7] to Kishanchand D. Advani and Gyani Devi.^[8]

Advani was educated at St. Patrick's High School, Karachi, and D. G. National College in Hyderabad, Sindh.^[9] His family was forced to flee Sindh and came to India during the partition of India and settled in Mumbai, where he graduated in law from the Government Law College.^[10]^[11]

Advani married Kamla Advani in February 1965, and had a son, Jayant, and a daughter, Pratibha.^[12] Pratibha is a television producer and also supports her father in his political activities.^[13] His wife died on 6 April 2016 due to old age.^[14] Advani resides in Delhi.^[15]

Early political career[edit | edit source]

1941–1951: Early years[edit | edit source]

Advani joined the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) in 1941 at the age of fourteen.^[16] He became a pracharak (full-time worker) conducting shakhas and became the secretary of the Karachi unit in 1947.^[17] After the partition of India, Advani was a pracharak in Rajasthan working across Alwar, Bharatpur, Kota, Bundi and Jhalawar districts until 1952.^[18]

1951–1970: Jan Sangh and Delhi council chairman[edit | edit source]

Advani became a member of the Bharatiya Jana Sangh (BJS), a political party founded in 1951 by Syama Prasad Mookerjee in collaboration with the RSS. He was appointed as the secretary to S. S. Bhandari, then general secretary of the Jan Sangh in Rajasthan. In 1957, he moved to Delhi and became the general secretary and later, president of the Delhi unit of the Jana Sangh. From 1966 to 1967 he served as the leader of BJS in the Delhi Metropolitan Council (DMC). After the 1967 Delhi Metropolitan Council election, he was elected as the chairman of the council and served till 1970.^[10]^[19] He also assisted K. R. Malkani with the publication of Organiser, the weekly newsletter of the RSS and became a member of its national executive in 1966.^[18]

1971–1975: Parliament entry and Jan Sangh leader[edit | edit source]

In 1970, Advani became a member of the Rajya Sabha from Delhi for the six-year tenure.^[20] In 1973, he was elected as the president of BJS at the Kanpur session of the party working committee meeting.^[10]

1976–1980: Janata party and cabinet minister[edit | edit source]

Advani was reelected to the Rajya Sabha from Gujarat in 1976 for the second time.^[20] After the imposition of The Emergency and a crackdown on opposition parties by then-prime minister, Indira Gandhi, BJS and other opposition parties merged to form the Janata Party.^[21] In the 1977 election, the Janata Party won a landslide victory due to the widespread unpopularity of the state of emergency imposed by Indira Gandhi.^[22] Morarji Desai became the prime minister with Advani becoming the Minister of Information and Broadcasting.^[23] The government did not complete its five year term and was dissolved to call fresh elections in 1980 where Janata party lost to the Indian National Congress.^[24]^[25] Subsequently, Advani became the leader of opposition in Rajya Sabha.^[10]

Formation of BJP[edit | edit source]

1980–1989: Early years[edit | edit source]

On 6 April 1980, Advani along with few of the erstwhile members of the Jana Sangh quit the Janata Party and formed the Bharatiya Janata Party with Atal Bihari Vajpayee as the first president.^[26] Though the previous government lasted briefly from 1977 till 1980 and was marred with factional wars, the period saw a rise in support for the RSS which culminated into the formation of the BJP.^[27] In 1982, he was elected to the Rajya Sabha for the third time from Madhya Pradesh representing the BJP.^[20] BJP won only two seats in the 1984 election with the Congress winning a landslide on the back of a sympathy wave due to the assassination of Indira Gandhi. This failure led to a shift in the party's stance with Advani being appointed party president and the BJP turning to Hindutva ideology of Jana Sangh.^[28]

Under Advani, BJP became the political face of the Ayodhya dispute over the Ram Janmabhoomi site when the Vishwa Hindu Parishad (VHP) began a movement for the construction of a temple dedicated to the Hindu deity Rama at the site of the Babri Masjid in Ayodhya.^[29] The dispute centered on the basis of the belief that the site was the birthplace of Rama, and that a temple once stood there that had been demolished by the Mughal emperor Babur with the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) supporting the claim.^[30]^[31] BJP supported the campaign and made it a part of their election manifesto for the 1989 elections, helping it win 86 seats with Advani getting elected to the Lok Sabha for the first time. Advani became the leader of opposition in Lok Sabha when VP Singh formed the National Front government.^[32]

1990–1997: Rath yatras and rise of BJP[edit | edit source]

Advani often organised rath yatras or processions to boost the popularity of the BJP and unify Hindutva ideology. He organised six rath yatras across the country with the first one in 1990.^[33]

Ram Rath Yatra: Advani started his first yatra from Somnath in Gujarat on 25 September 1990 which concluded at Ayodhya on 30 October 1990. The procession was linked to the dispute at Ram Janmabhoomi site at Ayodhya and was stopped in Bihar by then Chief Minister Lalu Yadav with Advani himself being arrested on the orders of V. P. Singh, then Prime Minister of India.^[34]
Janadesh Yatra: Four processions starting on 11 September 1993 from four corners of country were organised and Advani led the yatra from Mysore in South India.^[35] Traversing through 14 states and two Union Territories, the processions were organised with the purpose to seek the people's mandate against the two bills, the Constitution 80th Amendment Bill and the Representation of People (Amendment) Bill and congregated at Bhopal on 25 September.^[36]
Swarna Jayanti Rath Yatra: The procession was organised between May and July 1997 and was conducted in celebration of 50 years of Indian Independence and to project the BJP as a party committed to good governance.^[37]
Bharat Uday Yatra: The yatra took place in the run-up to the 2004 election.^[38]
Bharat Suraksha Yatra: The BJP launched a nationwide mass political campaign from 6 April to 10 May 2006 consisting of two yatras – one led by Advani from Dwaraka in Gujarat to Delhi and the other led by Rajnath Singh from Puri to Delhi.^[39] The yatra was focused on fighting left wing terrorism, minority politics, price rise and corruption, protection of democracy.^[40]
Jan Chetna Yatra: The last of the yatras was launched on 11 October 2011 from Sitab Diara in Bihar for the purposes of mobilising public opinion against perceived corruption of the then-ruling UPA government and promoting the BJP's agenda of good governance and anti-corruption.^[41]^{[non-primary source needed]}

In 1990, Advani embarked on Ram Rath Yatra, a procession with a chariot to mobilise volunteers for Ram Janmabhoomi movement. The procession began from Somnath in Gujarat and headed to converge at Ayodhya.^[42] In the 1991 general election, the BJP became the second largest party after the Congress with Advani winning for the second time from Gandhinagar and becoming the leader of opposition again.^[43] In 1992, Babri Masjid was demolished with Advani alleged to have delivered a provocative speech prior to the demolition.^[44]^[45]^[46] Advani was among the accused in the demolition case but was acquitted on 30 September 2020 by a CBI special court.^[47]^[48] In the judgement, it was mentioned that the demolition was not pre-planned and that Advani was trying to stop the mob and not incite them.^[49]^[50]

In the 1996 general election, the BJP became the single largest party and was consequently invited by the president to form the government. Advani did not contest the elections over allegations of involvement in the Hawala scandal, and resigned his seat on 16 January 1996,^[51] but was later cleared of charges by the Supreme Court.^[52]^[53] While Vajpayee was sworn in as prime minister in May 1996, the government collapsed after just thirteen days.^[54]

1998–2004: Home minister and deputy prime minister[edit | edit source]

In the 1998 general election, the BJP-led National Democratic Alliance (NDA), came to power with Vajpayee returning as prime minister in March 1998.^[55] Advani was elected to the Lok Sabha for the third term and became the Home Minister.^[10] However, the government again collapsed after only thirteen months when All Indian Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) under J. Jayalalithaa withdrew its support to the government.^[55] With fresh elections being called, the BJP-led NDA again won a majority in the 1999 general election and Advani won from Gandhinagar for a fourth term. He assumed the office of Home Minister and was later elevated to the position of Deputy Prime Minister in 2002.^[56]^[57]

2004–2009: Opposition leader[edit | edit source]

Advani with then US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice in 2005

In the 2004 general election, the BJP suffered a defeat with United Progressive Alliance led by the Congress coming to power, with Manmohan Singh as prime minister.^[58] Advani won his fifth term to the Lok Sabha and became the leader of opposition.^[59]^[60] Vajpayee retired from active politics after the 2004 defeat, promoting Advani to lead the BJP.^[61] In June 2005, while on a visit to Karachi, Advani described Mohammad Ali Jinnah as a secular leader, which led to criticism from the RSS. Advani was forced to resign as BJP president but withdrew the resignation a few days later.^[62] In April 2005, RSS chief K. S. Sudarshan opined that Advani should step aside.^[63] At the silver jubilee celebrations of the BJP in Mumbai in December 2005, Advani stepped down as party president and Rajnath Singh from Uttar Pradesh was elected in his place. In March 2006, following a bomb blast at a Hindu shrine at Varanasi, Advani undertook a Bharata Suraksha Yatra ('Sojourn for National Security'), to highlight the alleged failure of the ruling United Progressive Alliance in combating terrorism.^[64]

2009–2015: Prime Minister candidacy and later years[edit | edit source]

Advani during an election campaign in 2009

In December 2006, Advani stated that as the leader of the opposition in a parliamentary democracy, he considered himself the Prime Ministerial candidate for the next general elections in May 2009.^[65] While not everyone was supportive of his candidacy, Vajpayee endorsed Advani's candidacy.^[66] On 2 May 2007, BJP President Rajnath Singh stated that Advani is the natural choice for the next prime minister if BJP won the next elections.^[67] On 10 December 2007, the Parliamentary Board of BJP formally announced that L. K. Advani would be its prime ministerial candidate for the general elections due in 2009.^[68]

Though Advani won his sixth term in Lok Sabha, the BJP lost to Congress and its allies in the 2009 general elections, allowing then incumbent Prime Minister Manmohan Singh to continue in office. Following the defeat in the elections, L. K. Advani handed over the position of leader of opposition to Sushma Swaraj.^[69]^[70] He was elected working chairman of the National Democratic Alliance in 2010.^[71] Advani contested the 2014 general election from Gandhinagar, winning for the fifth consecutive time. Later he was part of the Marg Darshak Mandal (vision committee) of the BJP along with Murli Manohar Joshi and Atal Bihari Vajpayee.^[72]

Elections contested[edit | edit source]

Lok Sabha[edit | edit source]

Year	Constituency	Party		Votes	%	Opponent	Opponent party		Opponent votes	%	Result	Margin	%
1989	New Delhi		BJP	129,256	55.54	V. Mohini Giri		INC	97,415	41.85	Won	31,841	13.69
1991	New Delhi	93,662	43.4	Rajesh Khanna	92,073	42.66	Won	1,589	0.74
1991	Gandhinagar	356,902	57.97	G. I. Patel	231,223	37.56	Won	125,679	20.41
1998		541,340	59.86	P. K. Datta	264,639	29.26	Won	276,701	30.6
1999		453,299	61.14	T. N. Seshan	264,285	35.65	Won	189,014	25.49
2004		516,120	61.04	Gabhaji Mangaji Thakor	298,982	35.36	Won	217,138	25.68
2009		434,044	54.89	Sureshkumar Chaturdas Patel	312,297	39.49	Won	121,747	15.4
2014		773,539	68.12	Kiritbhai Ishvarbhai Patel	290,418	25.58	Won	483,121	42.54

Rajya Sabha[edit | edit source]

Election	Party		Constituency	From	To	Tenure
1970		Bharatiya Jana Sangh	Delhi	3 April 1970	2 April 1976	5 years, 365 days
1976	Gujarat	3 April 1976	2 April 1982	5 years, 364 days
1982		BJP	Madhya Pradesh	3 April 1982	2 April 1988	5 years, 365 days
1988	3 April 1988	27 November 1989	Madhya Pradesh	1 year, 238 days

Positions held[edit | edit source]

Positions held
Position	Duration
Member, Joint Parliamentary Committee on Maintenance of Heritage Character and Development of Parliament House Complex	October 2014 – May 2019
Chairperson, Committee on Ethics	15 September 2014 – 25 May 2019
Member, Standing Committee on Information Technology	1 September 2014 – 25 May 2019
Member, Committee on Public Undertakings	August 2014 – May 2019
Member, 16th Lok Sabha	June 2014 – May 2019 (7th term)
Member, Joint Parliamentary Committee on Maintenance of Heritage Character and Development of Parliament House Complex	December 2009
Member, Standing Committee on Home Affairs	August 2009
Member, Committee on Installation of Portraits/Statues of National Leaders and Parliamentarians in Parliament House Complex	August 2009
Leader of Opposition, Lok Sabha	May–December 2009
Member, 15th Lok Sabha	Re-elected in 2009 (6th term)
Member, Standing Committee on Home Affairs	August 2006 – May 2009
Leader of Opposition, Lok Sabha	Unspecified
Member, 14th Lok Sabha	Re-elected in 2004 (5th term)
Minister, Personnel, Pensions and Public Grievances (additional charge)	January 2003 – May 2004
Minister, Coal and Mines (additional charge)	July–August 2002
Deputy Prime Minister	June 2002 – May 2004
Minister, Home Affairs	October 1999 – May 2004
Member, 13th Lok Sabha	Re-elected in 1999 (4th term)
Chairman, Committee on Official Language	Unspecified
Minister, Home Affairs	1998–1999
Member, 12th Lok Sabha	Re-elected in 1998 (3rd term)
President, BJP	1993–1998
Leader of Opposition, Lok Sabha	1991–1993
Member, 10th Lok Sabha	Re-elected in 1991 (2nd term)
Chairman, Committee of Parliament on Pay and Allowances	April–May 1990
Chairman, Committee to Review the Lok Sabha Secretariat	1990–1991
Leader of Opposition, Lok Sabha	Unspecified
Leader, BJP parliamentary party, Lok Sabha	1989–1991
Member, 9th Lok Sabha	Elected in 1989
Member, Rajya Sabha	Re-elected in 1988 (4th term)
President, BJP	1986–1991
Member, Rajya Sabha	Re-elected in 1982 (3rd term)
Leader, BJP, Rajya Sabha	Unspecified
General Secretary, BJP	1980–1986
Leader of Opposition, Rajya Sabha	January–April 1980
Minister, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting	1977–1979
Leader of the House, Rajya Sabha	March 1977 – August 1979
General Secretary, Janata Party	1977–1980
Member, Rajya Sabha	Re-elected in 1976 (2nd term)
Leader, BJS, Rajya Sabha	1974–1976
President, BJS	1973–1977
Member, Rajya Sabha	Elected in 1970
President, BJS, Delhi	1970–1972
Chairman, Delhi Metropolitan Council	1967–1970
Leader, BJS, Interim Metropolitan Council	1966–1967
Secretary, RSS, Karachi	1947

Awards and honours[edit | edit source]

Advani receiving the Bharat Ratna award in 2024

India:
- Bharat Ratna (9 February 2024)^[73]
- Padma Vibhushan (2015)^[74]

Bibliography[edit | edit source]

A Prisoner's Scrap-Book (2002) ISBN 978-81-88322-10-7^[75]
New Approaches to Security and Development (2003) ISBN 978-981-230-219-9^[76]
My Country My Life (2008) ISBN 978-81-291-1363-4^[77]
As I See It: LK Advani's Blog Posts (2011) ISBN 978-81-291-1876-9^[78]
Nazarband Loktantra (2016) ISBN 81-7315-399-X ^[79]
Drishtikon (2016) ISBN 978-93-5048-142-4^[80]
Rashtra Sarvopari (2014) ISBN 978-93-5048-549-1^[81]

References[edit | edit source]

↑ "From Swayamsevak to the man behind the rise of BJP in India: The journey of LK Advani". 4 July 2024.
↑ "From Swayamsevak to the man behind the rise of BJP in India: The journey of LK Advani". 3 February 2024.
↑ "Lal Krishna Advani profile". Digital Sansad.
↑ "Lal Krishna Advani: Age, Biography, Education, Wife, Caste, Net Worth & More - Oneindia". www.oneindia.com.
↑ Ahmed, Khaled (27 June 2014). "The fading memory of amity". The Indian Express. Retrieved 20 July 2024. BJP leader L.K. Advani, in his autobiography My Country, My Life (2008), writes: "The Advani family belonged to the Amil branch of Sindhi Hindus. Traditionally, the Amil was a revenue official who assisted munshis in the administrative set-up of Muslim kings. It was one of the two main divisions of the Lohano clan which was linked to the Vaishya (business) community. In time, Amils came to dominate government jobs and professions in Sindh."
↑ Patel, Aakar (10 February 2011). "BJP's sole currency is its anger". Mint. Retrieved 20 July 2024. L.K. Advani is different, and from the same Lohana caste as Jinnah.
↑ Patel, Aakar. "Analysis: Trading with India". The Friday Times. Archived from the original on 6 October 2011. Retrieved 6 August 2012. Incidentally, BJP's LK Advani is a Sindhi-speaking Amil from the Lohana caste.
↑ "Bhartiya Janata Party's Prime Ministerial candidate and the Leader of Opposition, Lal Krishna Advani will once again seek re-election from his Gandhinagar constituency". India Today. 18 March 2009. Archived from the original on 17 November 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
↑ "L.K. Advani: Bio, Political life, Family & Top stories". Times of India. Archived from the original on 8 November 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
↑ ^10.0 ^10.1 ^10.2 ^10.3 ^10.4 "Members Bioprofile". Lok Sabha of India/National Informatics Centre, New Delhi. Archived from the original on 17 June 2012. Retrieved 27 April 2011.
↑ Malik, Yogendra K.; Singh, V.B. (1994). Hindu Nationalists in India: The Rise of the Bharatiya Janata Party. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press. pp. 40–43. ISBN 978-0-8133-8810-6.
↑ "Will LK Advani's son live up to his father's image?". Firstpost. 14 May 2014. Archived from the original on 23 December 2016. Retrieved 5 April 2019.
↑ Sahgal, Priya. "A Tale of Two Daughters". India Today. Archived from the original on 9 May 2022. Retrieved 9 May 2022.
↑ "LK Advani bids adieu to wife Kamla; Swaraj, Manmohan, Amit Shah at funeral". Indian Express. 7 April 2016. Archived from the original on 10 November 2016. Retrieved 5 April 2019.
↑ Roy Chaudhury, Dipanjan (29 June 2019). "Lutyens' Zone: Sushma Swaraj to vacate, LK Advani & MM Joshi may retain bungalows". The Economic Times. Archived from the original on 21 September 2021. Retrieved 28 June 2020.
↑ "'My idea of happiness is good books':Advani". Indian Express. 19 September 2010. Archived from the original on 17 November 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
↑ "India 'incomplete' without Sindh: Advani". Indian Express. 15 January 2017. Archived from the original on 15 January 2017. Retrieved 15 January 2017.
↑ ^18.0 ^18.1 Jaffrelot, Christophe (1996). The Hindu Nationalist Movement and Indian Politics. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. p. 237. ISBN 978-1850653011.
↑ Proposal to nominate a member to the Delhi Metropolation [sic] Council Vice Shri L.K. Advani. New Delhi: Ministry of Home Affairs: Delhi Section. 1971. p. 2. Archived from the original on 21 September 2022. Retrieved 21 September 2022 – via National Archives of India. Shri L. K. Advani who was the chairman of the Metropolitan Council, was elected as member of the Rajya Sabha in the last elections and his seat has fallen vacant in the Council. He was from the Jan Sangh Party.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link)
↑ ^20.0 ^20.1 ^20.2 "List of Rajya Sabha members Since 1952". Archived from the original on 9 January 2010. Retrieved 21 October 2013.
↑ Zarhani, Seyed Hossein (2018). Governance and Development in India: A Comparative Study on Andhra Pradesh and Bihar after Liberalization. Routledge. p. 189. ISBN 978-1-351-25518-9.
↑ G. G. Mirchandani (2003). 320 Million Judges. Abhinav Publications. pp. 90–100. ISBN 81-7017-061-3.
↑ Basu, Amrita (30 June 2015). Violent Conjunctures in Democratic India. Cambridge University Press. p. 69. ISBN 978-1-107-08963-1.
↑ "General Election of India 1980, 7th Lok Sabha" (PDF). Election Commission of India. p. 5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 July 2014. Retrieved 13 January 2010.
↑ Chawla, Prabhu (30 September 2013). "As general elections loom large, new four-party United Front formed to counter Cong(I)". India Today. Retrieved 23 June 2019.
↑ "BJP's foundation day: Brief history of the achievements and failures of the party". The Indian Express. 6 April 2019. Archived from the original on 11 May 2019. Retrieved 17 March 2020.
↑ Guha, Ramachandra (2007). India after Gandhi: the history of the world's largest democracy (1st ed.). India: Picador. pp. 563–564. ISBN 978-0-330-39610-3.
↑ Guha, Ramachandra (2007). India after Gandhi: the history of the world's largest democracy (1st ed.). India: Picador. p. 633. ISBN 978-0-330-39610-3.
↑ "In the times of Yakub Memon, remembering the Babri Masjid demolition cases". 29 July 2015. Archived from the original on 30 July 2015. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
↑ "Evidence of temple found: ASI". 25 August 2003. Archived from the original on 11 April 2009. Retrieved 3 April 2009.
↑ "Layers of truth". The Week. Archived from the original on 23 March 2005.
↑ Krishna, Ananth V. (2011). India Since Independence: Making Sense Of Indian Politics. Pearson Education India. p. 347. ISBN 9788131734650.
↑ "The Eternal Charioteer". Outlook. Archived from the original on 18 May 2012. Retrieved 11 July 2012.
↑ "Why And How I Arrested LK Advani By Lalu Yadav". NDTV. Archived from the original on 7 December 2017. Retrieved 7 December 2017.
↑ "LK Advani – Portal – Janadesh Yatra". Lkadvani.in. 11 September 1993. Archived from the original on 27 June 2012. Retrieved 11 July 2012.
↑ "Janadesh Yatra : Shri L K Advani". Bjp.org. 11 September 1993. Archived from the original on 14 June 2012. Retrieved 11 July 2012.
↑ "Swarna Jayanti Rath Yatra : Shri L K Advani". Bjp.org. Archived from the original on 13 June 2012. Retrieved 11 July 2012.
↑ Press Trust India (10 March 2004). "Advani kickstarts Bharat Uday Yatra". Express India. Archived from the original on 21 January 2012. Retrieved 11 July 2012.
↑ "Advani to begin from Gujarat; Rajnath from Orissa – Rediff.com India News". Rediff.com. 17 March 2006. Archived from the original on 24 May 2013. Retrieved 11 July 2012.
↑ "Bharat Suraksha Yatra : Shri L K Advani". Bjp.org. Archived from the original on 11 June 2012. Retrieved 11 July 2012.
↑ "About Jan Chetna Yatra". Janchetnayatra.com. 20 November 2011. Archived from the original on 26 June 2012. Retrieved 11 July 2012.
↑ Panikkar, K. N. (1993). "Religious Symbols and Political Mobilization: The Agitation for a Mandir at Ayodhya". Social Scientist. 21 (7/8): 63–78. doi:10.2307/3520346. ISSN 0970-0293. JSTOR 3520346.
↑ Sahgal, Priya (28 December 2009). "1990-L.K. Advani's rath yatra: Chariot of fire". India Today. Archived from the original on 14 May 2020. Retrieved 9 May 2020.
↑ "Muslims can never forgive Kalyan over Babri issue". Express India. Archived from the original on 21 January 2012. Retrieved 27 April 2011.
↑ "Babri demolition & failure of Muslim leadership". Zee News India. 27 September 2010. Archived from the original on 2 October 2010. Retrieved 27 April 2011.
↑ Pradhan, Sharat (26 March 2010). "Advani fuelled fire that razed Babri: IPS officer". Rediff. Archived from the original on 29 June 2020. Retrieved 28 June 2020.
↑ Sachdev, Vakasha (6 December 2019). "'Vindicated' LK Advani Remains on Trial in Babri Demolition Case". The Quint. Archived from the original on 29 June 2020. Retrieved 28 June 2020.
↑ "Advani on being acquitted from Babri demolition case". Times of India. 30 September 2020. Archived from the original on 1 October 2020. Retrieved 30 September 2020.
↑ "From Nation of Donkeys to 'Black Day for Democracy': English Editorials Slam Babri Verdict". The Wire (India). 2 October 2020. Archived from the original on 1 October 2020. Retrieved 3 October 2020.
↑ "Babri accused tried to stop mob, not incite them". Rediff.com. 30 September 2020. Archived from the original on 28 March 2024. Retrieved 1 October 2020.
↑ Preston, Ian; Rowe, Annamarie, eds. (2005). A Political Chronology of Central, South and East Asia (1st ed.). London: Europa Publications Ltd. p. 112. ISBN 0-203-40308-8.
↑ Shakti Shekhar, Kumar (1 November 2017). "How Advani will create Parliamentary history whether he contests 2019 Lok Sabha elections or not". India Today. New Delhi: India Today Group. Archived from the original on 15 July 2020. Retrieved 15 July 2020.
↑ "SC clears Advani, Shukla in hawala case". Indian Express. 3 March 1998. Archived from the original on 22 January 2009. Retrieved 27 September 2008.
↑ Goswami, Dev (17 August 2018). "When Atal Bihari Vajpayee showed the world how to resign in style". India Today. Archived from the original on 9 January 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2020.
↑ ^55.0 ^55.1 Shakti Shekhar, Kumar (17 August 2018). "How Atal Bihari Vajpayee ended BJP's untouchability". India Today. Archived from the original on 7 August 2020. Retrieved 10 May 2020.
↑ "Advani appointed deputy prime minister". The Times of India. 29 June 2002. Archived from the original on 28 March 2024. Retrieved 10 May 2020.
↑ Wondering Man, Money & Go(l)d. Wondering Man. p. 24. ISBN 978-1-84693-016-4. Archived from the original on 28 March 2024. Retrieved 9 August 2020.
↑ Ruparelia, Sanjay (2005). "Managing the United Progressive Alliance: The Challenges Ahead". Economic and Political Weekly. 40 (24): 2407–2412. ISSN 0012-9976. JSTOR 4416746.
↑ "LK Advani warns of 2004 redux, showers praise on party's prime ministerial candidate Narendra Modi". The Economic Times. 20 January 2014. Archived from the original on 12 May 2022. Retrieved 10 May 2020.
↑ "Lal Krishna Advani | Biography & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 19 November 2020. Retrieved 10 May 2020.
↑ Sengupta, Somini (31 December 2005). "Former Premier Vajpayee Retires From Indian Politics at 81". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 9 December 2018. Retrieved 10 May 2020.
↑ "L K Advani resigns for 3rd time in 8 years, once over row on Jinnah remarks". The Economic Times. Archived from the original on 2 November 2021. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
↑ "Atal, Advani should step aside, let young rise: RSS chief". The Indian Express. 11 April 2005. Archived from the original on 23 April 2020. Retrieved 3 April 2009.
↑ "Advani resigns for 3rd time in 8 years, once over row on Jinnah remarks". Hindustan Times. 10 June 2013. Archived from the original on 15 June 2021. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
↑ "I'll be candidate for PM: Advani". The Times of India. 11 December 2006. Archived from the original on 19 December 2013. Retrieved 30 June 2013.
↑ "Advani opens his heart, and a can of worms". The Economic Times. India. 11 December 2006. Archived from the original on 14 December 2006. Retrieved 3 April 2009.
↑ Mohua Chatterjee (2 May 2007). "LK 'natural' choice for PM: Rajnath". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 19 December 2013. Retrieved 30 June 2013.
↑ "Finally, BJP announces Advani as PM candidate". The Economic Times. Archived from the original on 28 March 2024. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
↑ "New India opposition leader named". BBC News. 18 December 2009. Archived from the original on 23 April 2020. Retrieved 27 April 2014.
↑ Vyas, Neena (18 December 2009). "Advani quits as Leader of Opposition". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 19 December 2013. Retrieved 18 December 2009.
↑ "NDA elects Advani 'working chairman'". Hindustan Times. 22 February 2010. Archived from the original on 15 June 2021. Retrieved 3 February 2021.
↑ ""No Advani, Joshi, Vajpayee in BJP Parliamentary Board, party makes Marg Darshak Mandal for them"". IBN Live. 29 August 2014. Archived from the original on 29 August 2014. Retrieved 26 August 2014.
↑ "LK Advani to receive Bharat Ratna". The Times of India. 3 February 2023. Archived from the original on 3 February 2024. Retrieved 3 February 2023.
↑ "Advani, Bachchan, Dilip Kumar get Padma Vibhushan". The Hindu. 25 January 2015. Archived from the original on 20 January 2016. Retrieved 3 February 2023.
↑ Advani, L. K., 1927- (2002). A prisoner's scrap-book. New Delhi: Ocean Books. ISBN 81-88322-10-5. OCLC 51752185.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
↑ Advani, L. K., 1927- (2003). New approaches to security and development. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. ISBN 978-981-230-614-2. OCLC 867796807.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
↑ Advani, L. K., 1927– (2008). My country my life. New Delhi: Rupa & Co. ISBN 978-81-291-1363-4. OCLC 221287960.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
↑ Advani, L. K. (2011). "As I See it: LK Advani's Blog Posts". Rupa & Company. ISBN 978-81-291-1876-9.
↑ Āḍavāṇī, Lālakrishńa. (2002). Nazarbaṇda lokataṇtra. Dill ̄: Prabht̄a Prakāśana. ISBN 81-7315-399-X. OCLC 50640962.
↑ Advani, L. K., 1927- (2012). Dr̥shṭikoṇa : blôga para bāteṃ (Saṃskaraṇa prathama ed.). Dillī. ISBN 978-93-5048-142-4. OCLC 823027286.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
↑ Advani, L. K., 1927- (January 2014). Rāshṭra sarvopari (Saṃskaraṇa prathama ed.). Dillī. ISBN 978-93-5048-549-1. OCLC 904246754.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

External links[edit | edit source]

Political offices
Preceded by Indrajit Gupta	Minister of Home Affairs 1998–2004	Succeeded by Shivraj Patil
Preceded by Chaudhary Devi Lal	Deputy Prime Minister of India 2002–04	Vacant

Template:Fascism

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[5] Ahmed, Khaled (27 June 2014). "The fading memory of amity". The Indian Express. Retrieved 20 July 2024. BJP leader L.K. Advani, in his autobiography My Country, My Life (2008), writes: "The Advani family belonged to the Amil branch of Sindhi Hindus. Traditionally, the Amil was a revenue official who assisted munshis in the administrative set-up of Muslim kings. It was one of the two main divisions of the Lohano clan which was linked to the Vaishya (business) community. In time, Amils came to dominate government jobs and professions in Sindh."

[6] Patel, Aakar (10 February 2011). "BJP's sole currency is its anger". Mint. Retrieved 20 July 2024. L.K. Advani is different, and from the same Lohana caste as Jinnah.

[lka-7] Patel, Aakar. "Analysis: Trading with India". The Friday Times. Archived from the original on 6 October 2011. Retrieved 6 August 2012. Incidentally, BJP's LK Advani is a Sindhi-speaking Amil from the Lohana caste.

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v t e The Emergency of 1975–1977
Personalities	Atal Bihari Vajpayee Basawon Singh (Sinha) Bansi Lal C. Achutha Menon Charan Singh Devakanta Barua Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed George Fernandes Hans Raj Khanna Harchand Singh Longowal H. N. Bahuguna Indira Gandhi Jagjivan Ram Jagmohan Jagmohanlal Sinha Jayaprakash Narayan Jivatram Kripalani K. Kamaraj K. Karunakaran Lal Krishna Advani M. G. Ramachandran M. Karunanidhi Morarji Desai Narendra Modi Neelam Sanjiva Reddy Niren De Pranab Mukherjee Raj Narain Sanjay Gandhi Siddhartha Shankar Ray Zail Singh
Organisations	Bharatiya Jana Sangh Bharatiya Lok Dal Communist Party of India (Marxist) Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam Dravidar Kazhagam Indian National Congress (Organisation) Indian National Congress (R) Indian National Congress Janata Morcha Janata Party People's Union for Civil Liberties Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh Shiromani Akali Dal Socialist Party of India Swatantra Party
Events	State of Emergency in India State of Uttar Pradesh v. Raj Narain 38th Amendment 39th Amendment 42nd Amendment Turkman gate demolition and rioting Baroda dynamite case Shah Commission Maintenance of Internal Security Act Rajan case Indian general election, 1977

v t e Bharatiya Janata Party
Party presidents	Atal Bihari Vajpayee (1980–86) Lal Krishna Advani (1986–91) Murli Manohar Joshi (1991–93) Lal Krishna Advani (1993–98) Kushabhau Thakre (1998–2000) Bangaru Laxman (2000–01) Jana Krishnamurthi (2001–02) Venkaiah Naidu (2002–04) Lal Krishna Advani (2004–06) Rajnath Singh (2006–09) Nitin Gadkari (2009–13) Rajnath Singh (2013–14) Amit Shah (2014–2020) Jagat Prakash Nadda (2020–present)
Current vice presidents	Raman Singh Vasundhara Raje Radha Mohan Singh Baijayant Panda Raghubar Das Mukul Roy Rekha Verma Annapurna Devi Yadav Bharti Shiyal D. K. Aruna M. Chuba Ao A. P. Abdullakutty
Prime ministers	Atal Bihari Vajpayee (1996; 1998–2004) Narendra Modi (2014–present)
Deputy prime ministers	Lal Krishna Advani (2002–2004)
Other prominent leaders	Nirmala Sitharaman Piyush Goyal Kalyan Singh Anandiben Patel Smriti Irani Ravi Shankar Prasad Mukhtar Abbas Naqvi Sushil Kumar Modi Himanta Biswa Sarma Ram Naik
Current chief ministers	Shivraj Singh Chouhan Manohar Lal Khattar Sarbananda Sonowal Vijay Rupani Pema Khandu N. Biren Singh Trivendra Singh Rawat Yogi Adityanath Jai Ram Thakur Biplab Kumar Deb Pramod Sawant B. S. Yediyurappa
Current deputy chief ministers	Chowna Mein Renu Devi Tarkishore Prasad Manohar Ajgaonkar Chandrakant Kavlekar Nitinbhai Patel C. N. Ashwath Narayan Govind Karjol Laxman Savadi Yanthungo Patton Jishnu Dev Varma Dinesh Sharma Keshav Prasad Maurya
Current national spokespersons	Anil Baluni Sanjay Mayukh Sambit Patra Sudhanshu Trivedi Syed Shahnawaz Hussain Rajiv Pratap Rudy Nalin Kohli Rajeev Chandrasekhar Gaurav Bhatia Syed Zafar Islam Tom Vadakkan Sanju Verma Gopal Krishna Agarwal Iqbal Singh Lalpura R. P. Singh Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore Aparajita Sarangi Heena Gavit Guruprakash Mmhonlumo Kikon Nupur Sharma Raju Bista K. K. Sharma
Current general secretaries	Bhupender Yadav Arun Singh Kailash Vijayvargiya Dushyant Kumar Gautam Daggubati Purandeswari C. T. Ravi Tarun Chugh Dilip Saikia B. L. Santhosh (Organisation)
Current national secretaries	Vinod Tawde Vinod Sonkar Bishweswar Tudu Satya Kumar Sunil Deodhar Arvind Menon Harish Dwivedi Pankaja Munde Om Prakash Dhurve Anupam Hazra Narendra Singh Vijaya Rahatkar Alka Gurjar
Political wings	National Executive Committee National Office Bearers Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha BJP Mahila Morcha State Units State Presidents
Related organisations	Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh Bharatiya Jana Sangh Janata Party Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh Bharatiya Kisan Sangh Swadeshi Jagaran Manch Vishva Hindu Parishad
Others	Hindutva Hindu nationalism Integral humanism Electoral history Party leaders in the Parliament Rajya Sabha members

v t e Padma Vibhushan award recipients
Arts	Ebrahim Alkazi Kishori Amonkar Amitabh Bachchan Teejan Bai M. Balamuralikrishna T. Balasaraswati Asha Bhosle Nandalal Bose Hariprasad Chaurasia Girija Devi Kumar Gandharva Adoor Gopalakrishnan Satish Gujral Gangubai Hangal Bhupen Hazarika M. F. Husain Ilaiyaraaja Semmangudi Srinivasa Iyer Bhimsen Joshi Ali Akbar Khan Amjad Ali Khan Allauddin Khan Bismillah Khan Ghulam Mustafa Khan Yamini Krishnamurthy Dilip Kumar R. K. Laxman Birju Maharaj Kishan Maharaj Lata Mangeshkar Sonal Mansingh Mallikarjun Mansur Zubin Mehta Mario Miranda Chhannulal Mishra Kelucharan Mohapatra Raghunath Mohapatra Jasraj Motiram Benode Behari Mukherjee Hrishikesh Mukherjee Rajinikanth Ram Narayan D. K. Pattammal K. Shankar Pillai Balwant Moreshwar Purandare Akkineni Nageswara Rao Kaloji Narayana Rao Satyajit Ray S. H. Raza Zohra Sehgal Uday Shankar Ravi Shankar V. Shantaram Shivkumar Sharma Umayalpuram K. Sivaraman M. S. Subbulakshmi K. G. Subramanyan Kapila Vatsyayan Homai Vyarawalla K. J. Yesudas
Civil Service	Bimala Prasad Chaliha Naresh Chandra T. N. Chaturvedi Jayanto Nath Chaudhuri Suranjan Das Rajeshwar Dayal Basanti Devi P. N. Dhar Jyotindra Nath Dixit M. S. Gill Hafiz Mohamad Ibrahim H. V. R. Iyengar Bhola Nath Jha Dattatraya Shridhar Joshi Ajudhiya Nath Khosla Rai Krishnadasa V. Krishnamurthy P. Prabhakar Kumaramangalam Pratap Chandra Lal K. B. Lall Sam Manekshaw Om Prakash Mehra Mohan Sinha Mehta M. G. K. Menon Brajesh Mishra Sumati Morarjee A. Ramasamy Mudaliar Sardarilal Mathradas Nanda Chakravarthi V. Narasimhan Braj Kumar Nehru Bhairab Dutt Pande Ghananand Pande Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit T. V. Rajeswar C. R. Krishnaswamy Rao Pattadakal Venkanna R. Rao V. K. R. V. Rao Khusro Faramurz Rustamji Harish Chandra Sarin Binay Ranjan Sen Homi Sethna Arjan Singh Harbaksh Singh Kirpal Singh Manmohan Singh Tarlok Singh Lallan Prasad Singh Balaram Sivaraman Chandrika Prasad Srivastava T. Swaminathan Arun Shridhar Vaidya Dharma Vira Narinder Nath Vohra
Literature and Education	V. S. R. Arunachalam Jagdish Bhagwati Satyendra Nath Bose Tara Chand Suniti Kumar Chatterji D. P. Chattopadhyaya Bhabatosh Datta Avinash Dixit Mahasweta Devi John Kenneth Galbraith Sarvepalli Gopal Lakshman Shastri Joshi Kaka Kalelkar Dhondo Keshav Karve Gopinath Kaviraj Kuvempu O. N. V. Kurup Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis Sitakant Mahapatra John Mathai Kotha Satchidananda Murthy Giani Gurmukh Singh Musafir Basanti Dulal Nagchaudhuri Bal Ram Nanda R. K. Narayan P. Parameswaran Amrita Pritam K. N. Raj C. Rangarajan Raja Rao Ramoji Rao Hormasji Maneckji Seervai Rajaram Shastri Kalu Lal Shrimali Govindbhai Shroff Khushwant Singh Chandeshwar Prasad Narayan Singh Premlila Vithaldas Thackersey Mahadevi Varma Bashir Hussain Zaidi
Medicine	Jasbir Singh Bajaj B. K. Goyal Purshotam Lal A. Lakshmanaswami Mudaliar S. I. Padmavati Autar Singh Paintal Kantilal Hastimal Sancheti Balu Sankaran V. Shanta Vithal Nagesh Shirodkar Prakash Narain Tandon Brihaspati Dev Triguna M. S. Valiathan
Other	Sunderlal Bahuguna B. K. S. Iyengar Rambhadracharya Ravi Shankar Vishwesha Teertha Jaggi Vasudev
Public Affairs	L. K. Advani Montek Singh Ahluwalia Aruna Asaf Ali Fazal Ali Adarsh Sein Anand Madhav Shrihari Aney Parkash Singh Badal Sikander Bakht Milon K. Banerji Mirza Hameedullah Beg P. N. Bhagwati Raja Chelliah Chandra Kisan Daphtary Niren De C. D. Deshmukh Anthony Lancelot Dias Uma Shankar Dikshit Kazi Lhendup Dorjee George Fernandes P. B. Gajendragadkar Benjamin Gilman Ismaïl Omar Guelleh Zakir Husain V. R. Krishna Iyer Jagmohan Lakshmi Chand Jain Arun Jaitley Aditya Nath Jha Murli Manohar Joshi Anerood Jugnauth Mehdi Nawaz Jung Ali Yavar Jung Vijay Kelkar Hans Raj Khanna V. N. Khare Balasaheb Gangadhar Kher Akhlaqur Rahman Kidwai Jivraj Narayan Mehta V. K. Krishna Menon Hirendranath Mukherjee Ajoy Mukherjee Pranab Mukherjee Padmaja Naidu Gulzarilal Nanda Govind Narain Fali Sam Nariman Hosei Norota Nanabhoy Palkhivala K. Parasaran Hari Vinayak Pataskar Sunder Lal Patwa Sharad Pawar Naryana Raghvan Pillai Sri Prakasa N. G. Ranga Ravi Narayana Reddy Y. Venugopal Reddy Ghulam Mohammed Sadiq Lakshmi Sahgal P. A. Sangma M. C. Setalvad Karan Singh Nagendra Singh Swaran Singh Walter Sisulu Soli Sorabjee Kalyan Sundaram Sushma Swaraj Chandulal Madhavlal Trivedi Atal Bihari Vajpayee M. N. Venkatachaliah Kottayan Katankot Venugopal Jigme Dorji Wangchuck
Science and Engineering	V. K. Aatre Salim Ali Norman Borlaug Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar Rajagopala Chidambaram Charles Correa Satish Dhawan Anil Kakodkar A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Krishnaswamy Kasturirangan Har Gobind Khorana Daulat Singh Kothari Verghese Kurien Raghunath Anant Mashelkar G. Madhavan Nair Roddam Narasimha Jayant Narlikar Rajendra K. Pachauri Benjamin Peary Pal Yash Pal I. G. Patel Venkatraman Ramakrishnan K. R. Ramanathan Raja Ramanna C. R. Rao C. N. R. Rao Palle Rama Rao Udupi Ramachandra Rao Vikram Sarabhai Man Mohan Sharma Obaid Siddiqi E. Sreedharan M. R. Srinivasan George Sudarshan M. S. Swaminathan Narinder Singh Kapany
Social Work	Baba Amte Pandurang Shastri Athavale Janaki Devi Bajaj Mirabehn Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay Durgabai Deshmukh Nanaji Deshmukh Nirmala Deshpande Mohan Dharia U. N. Dhebar Valerian Gracias Veerendra Heggade Mary Clubwala Jadhav Gaganvihari Lallubhai Mehta Usha Mehta Sister Nirmala Nellie Sengupta
Sports	Viswanathan Anand Edmund Hillary Mary Kom Sachin Tendulkar
Trade and Industry	Dhirubhai Ambani Ghanshyam Das Birla Ashok Sekhar Ganguly Karim Al Hussaini Aga Khan Lakshmi Mittal Anil Manibhai Naik N. R. Narayana Murthy M. Narasimham Prithvi Raj Singh Oberoi Azim Premji Prathap C. Reddy J. R. D. Tata Ratan Tata
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v t e Bharat Ratna laureates
1954–1960	C. Rajagopalachari, Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, and C. V. Raman (1954) Bhagwan Das, Mokshagundam Visvesvarayya, and Jawaharlal Nehru (1955) Govind Ballabh Pant (1957) Dhondo Keshav Karve (1958)
1961–1980	Bidhan Chandra Roy and Purushottam Das Tandon (1961) Rajendra Prasad (1962) Zakir Husain and Pandurang Vaman Kane (1963) Lal Bahadur Shastri (1966) Indira Gandhi (1971) V. V. Giri (1975) K. Kamaraj (1976) Mother Teresa (1980)
1981–2000	Vinoba Bhave (1983) Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan (1987) M. G. Ramachandran (1988) B. R. Ambedkar and Nelson Mandela (1990) Rajiv Gandhi, Vallabhbhai Patel, and Morarji Desai (1991) Abul Kalam Azad, J. R. D. Tata, and Satyajit Ray (1992) Gulzarilal Nanda, Aruna Asaf Ali, and A. P. J. Abdul Kalam (1997) M. S. Subbulakshmi and Chidambaram Subramaniam (1998) Jayaprakash Narayan, Amartya Sen, Gopinath Bordoloi, and Ravi Shankar (1999)
2001–2019	Lata Mangeshkar and Bismillah Khan (2001) Bhimsen Joshi (2008) C. N. R. Rao and Sachin Tendulkar (2014) Madan Mohan Malaviya and Atal Bihari Vajpayee (2015) Nanaji Deshmukh, Bhupen Hazarika, and Pranab Mukherjee (2019)