1999 Indian general election: Difference between revisions

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{{short description|General election in India}}
{{short description|none}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2025}}
{{Infobox election
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1999 Indian general election
| country = India
| country = India
| type = parliamentary
| type = parliamentary
Line 11: Line 10:
| next_year = 2004
| next_year = 2004
| election_date = 5 September–3 October 1999
| election_date = 5 September–3 October 1999
| seats_for_election = 543 of the 545 seats in the [[Lok Sabha]]
| seats_for_election = 543 of the 545 seats in the [[Lok Sabha]]{{efn|name=seats|Two seats were reserved for [[Anglo-Indian reserved seats in the Lok Sabha|Anglo-Indians]] and filled by presidential nomination}}
| majority_seats = 272
| majority_seats = 272
| turnout = 59.99%
| registered = 619,536,847
({{decrease}} 1.98%)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.eci.nic.in/archive/ge1999/index_ge1.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=16 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190201105036/http://eci.nic.in/archive/ge1999/index_ge1.htm |archive-date=1 February 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| turnout = 59.99% ({{decrease}} 1.98[[Percentage point|pp]])
| image_size = 150x150px
| image_size = 130x130px
 
| image1 = {{CSS image crop|Image=The Prime Minister Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee delivering his speech at the 12th SAARC Summit in Islamabad, Pakistan on January 4, 2004 (1) (cropped).jpg|bSize=120|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=10|oTop=0}}
| image1 = Atal Bihari Vajpayee.jpg
| leader1 = [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
| leader1 = [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
| leader_since1 = 16 May 1996
| alliance1 = National Democratic Alliance
| leaders_seat1 = [[Lucknow (Lok Sabha constituency)|Lucknow]]
| party1 = Bharatiya Janata Party
| party1 = Bharatiya Janata Party
| alliance1 = National Democratic Alliance
| last_election1 = 25.59%, 182 seats
| seats1 = '''182'''
| seats1 = '''182'''
| seat_change1 = {{steady}}
| seat_change1 = {{no change}}
| popular_vote1 = 86,562,209
| popular_vote1 = 86,562,209
| percentage1 = 23.75%
| percentage1 = 23.75%
| swing1 = {{decrease}} 1.84pp
| swing1 = {{decrease}} 1.84[[Percentage point|pp]]
 
| image2 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Sonia Gandhi and Vladimir Putin in March 2010 04.jpg|bSize=120|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=10|oTop=0}}
| image2 = Sonia_Gandhi_(cropped).jpg
| alliance2 = [[United Progressive Alliance|UPA]]
| leader2 = [[Sonia Gandhi]]
| leader2 = [[Sonia Gandhi]]
| leader_since2 = 19 March 1998
| leaders_seat2 = [[Amethi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Amethi]]
| party2 = Indian National Congress
| party2 = Indian National Congress
| alliance2 = Congress alliance
| last_election2 = 25.82%, 141 seats
| seats2 = 114
| seats2 = 114
| seat_change2 = {{decrease}} 27
| seat_change2 = {{decrease}} 27
| popular_vote2 = '''103,120,330'''
| popular_vote2 = '''103,120,330'''
| percentage2 = '''28.30%'''
| percentage2 = '''28.30%'''
| swing2 = {{increase}} 2.48pp
| swing2 = {{increase}} 2.48[[Percentage point|pp]]
 
| image3 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Surjith-6.JPG|bSize=250|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=60|oTop=60}}
| map_image = [[File:Wahlergebnisse Indien 1999.svg|300px|lang=en]]
| leader3 = [[Harkishan Singh Surjeet]]
 
| party3 = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
| alliance3 = [[Communism in India|LF]]
| seats3 = 33
| last_election3 = 5.16%, 32 seats
| seat_change3 = {{increase}} 1
| percentage3 = 5.40%
| popular_vote3 = 19,695,767
| swing3 = {{increase}} 0.24[[Percentage point|pp]]
| map_image = Wahlergebnisse Indien 1999.svg
| map_caption = Results by constituency
| title = [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]]
| title = [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]]
| posttitle = Prime Minister after election
| posttitle = [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] after election
| before_election = [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
| before_election = [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
| before_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| before_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| after_election = [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
| after_election = [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
| after_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| after_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| outgoing_members = List of members of the 12th Lok Sabha
| elected_members = List of members of the 13th Lok Sabha | 1blank = Alliance&nbsp;seats | 1data1 = '''299''' | 1data2 = 137 | 1data3 = 107
}}
}}


'''General elections''' were held in [[India]] between 5 September and 3 October 1999, a few months after the [[Kargil War]]. Results were announced on 6 October 1999.<ref>{{Cite web|title=tribuneindia... Nation|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/1999/99oct07/nation.htm|access-date=2021-08-16|website=www.tribuneindia.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2008-10-11|title=The 1999 Indian Parliamentary Elections and the New BJP-led Coalition Government|url=http://asnic.utexas.edu/asnic/hardgrave/Elections1999.html|access-date=2021-08-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081011235012/http://asnic.utexas.edu/asnic/hardgrave/Elections1999.html|archive-date=11 October 2008}}</ref>
General elections were held in [[India]] between 5 September and 3 October 1999, a few months after the [[Kargil War]]. Results were announced on 6 October 1999.<ref>{{Cite web|title=tribuneindia... Nation|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/1999/99oct07/nation.htm|access-date=16 August 2021|website=www.tribuneindia.com|archive-date=16 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816071019/https://www.tribuneindia.com/1999/99oct07/nation.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=11 October 2008|title=The 1999 Indian Parliamentary Elections and the New BJP-led Coalition Government|url=http://asnic.utexas.edu/asnic/hardgrave/Elections1999.html|access-date=16 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081011235012/http://asnic.utexas.edu/asnic/hardgrave/Elections1999.html|archive-date=11 October 2008}}</ref>


The elections saw the [[National Democratic Alliance]] led by the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] win a majority in the Lok Sabha, the first time since [[1984 Indian general election|1984]] that a party or alliance had won an outright majority and the second since the [[1977 Indian general election|1977 elections]] that a non-Congress coalition had done so. The elections gave [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] the record of being the first non-Congress Prime Minister to serve a full five-year term. The decisive result also ended the political instability the country had seen since [[1996 Indian general election|1996]]. The [[Indian National Congress]]' 114 seat tally was its worst-ever performance in a general election until it surpassed by the 2014 and 2019 general elections
The elections saw the [[National Democratic Alliance]] led by the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] win a majority in the Lok Sabha, the first time since [[1984 Indian general election|1984]] that a party or alliance had won an outright majority and the second since the [[1977 Indian general election|1977 elections]] that a non-Congress coalition had done so. It was also the third consecutive election in which the party that won the most votes overall did not win the most seats. The elections gave [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] the record of being the first non-Congress Prime Minister to serve a full five-year term. The decisive result also ended the political instability the country had seen since [[1996 Indian general election|the 1996 elections]] that had resulted in a hung parliament. Although the [[Indian National Congress]] was able to increase its vote share, its 114 seat tally was considered to be its worst-ever performance in a general election in terms of the number of seats obtained until the [[2014 Indian general election|2014 general elections]].


==Background==
==Background==
===1999 Lok Sabha vote of confidence===
===1999 Lok Sabha vote of confidence===
On 17 April 1999, the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) coalition government led by prime minister [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] failed to win a [[confidence vote]] in the [[Lok Sabha]] (India's lower house) by a single vote due to the withdrawal of one of the government's coalition partners – the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (AIADMK). The leader of the AIADMK, [[J. Jayalalithaa]], had consistently threatened to withdraw support from the ruling coalition if certain demands were not met, in particular the sacking of the [[Tamil Nadu]] government, control of which she had lost three years prior. The BJP accused Jayalalithaa of making the demands in order to avoid standing trial for a series of corruption charges, and no agreement between the parties could be reached leading to the government's defeat.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/318912.stm|title=Jayalalitha: Actress-turned-politician |last=BBC World Service|date=19 April 1999|access-date=11 December 2008 | work=BBC News}}</ref>
On 17 April 1999 the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) coalition government led by prime minister [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] failed to win a [[confidence vote]] in the [[Lok Sabha]] (India's lower house) by a single vote due to the withdrawal of one of the government's coalition partners – the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (AIADMK). The general secretary of the AIADMK [[J. Jayalalithaa]], had consistently threatened to withdraw support from the ruling coalition if certain demands were not met, in particular the sacking of the [[Government of Tamil Nadu|Tamil Nadu government]], control of which she had lost [[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|three years prior]] to her arch rival [[M. Karunanidhi]]. The BJP accused Jayalalithaa of making the demands in order to avoid standing trial for a [[J. Jayalalithaa#Corruption cases|series of corruption charges]], and no agreement between the parties could be reached leading to the government's defeat.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/318912.stm|title=Jayalalitha: Actress-turned-politician|last=BBC World Service|date=19 April 1999|access-date=11 December 2008|work=BBC News|archive-date=6 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190106182542/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/318912.stm|url-status=live}}</ref>


[[Sonia Gandhi]], as [[Leader of the Opposition (India)|leader of the opposition]] and largest opposition party ([[Indian National Congress]]) was unable to form a coalition of parties large enough to secure a working majority in the Lok Sabha. Thus shortly after the no confidence motion, [[President of India|President]] [[K. R. Narayanan]] dissolved the Parliament and called fresh elections. Atal Bihari Vajpayee remained [[caretaker government|caretaker]] prime minister till the elections were held later that year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asiasociety.org/publications/indian_elections.13.a.html |title=The Thirteenth Election of India's Lok Sabha |last=Oldenburg |first=Philip |date=September 1999 |publisher=The Asia Society |access-date=11 December 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080604152951/http://www.asiasociety.org/publications/indian_elections.13.a.html |archive-date=4 June 2008 }}</ref>
[[Sonia Gandhi]], as [[Leader of the Opposition (India)|leader of the opposition]] and largest opposition party ([[Indian National Congress]]) was unable to form a coalition of parties large enough to secure a working majority in the Lok Sabha. Neither Mulayam Singh nor Jayalalithaa supported Gandhi, instead Jayalalithaa proposed [[West Bengal]] chief minister [[Jyoti Basu]] for prime minister; he also declined the position. Thus shortly after the no confidence motion, [[President of India|President]] [[K. R. Narayanan]] dissolved the Parliament and called fresh elections. Atal Bihari Vajpayee remained [[caretaker government|caretaker]] prime minister till the elections were held later that year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asiasociety.org/publications/indian_elections.13.a.html |title=The Thirteenth Election of India's Lok Sabha |last=Oldenburg |first=Philip |date=September 1999 |publisher=The Asia Society |access-date=11 December 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080604152951/http://www.asiasociety.org/publications/indian_elections.13.a.html |archive-date=4 June 2008 }}</ref>
 
==Election schedule==
The polling schedule for the 1999 General Elections was announced by the Chief Election Commissioner [[M. S. Gill]] on 11 July 1999. Then it was revised once again on 3 August 1999. The revised schedule is given below.
 
{|class="wikitable"style="text-align:center;margin:auto;font-size:90%;
! rowspan=2|Poll event
!colspan=7|Phase
|-
|bgcolor=#FFFACD|I
|bgcolor=#87CEFA|II
|bgcolor=#6495ED|II (A){{efn|2 (A) phase for only [[Kerala]].}}
|bgcolor=#7B68EE|III
|bgcolor=#E9967A|IV
|bgcolor=#DB7093|V
|bgcolor=#9ACD32|V (A){{efn|5 (A) phase for only second phase of [[Odisha]].}}
|-
!Notification date
|11 August 1999
|17 August 1999
|12 August 1999
|21 August 1999
|30 August 1999
|7 September 1999
|3 September 1999
|-
!Last date for filing nomination
|18 August 1999
|24 August 1999
|19 August 1999
|28 August 1999
|6 September 1999
|14 September 1999
|10 September 1999
|-
!Scrutiny of nomination
|19 August 1999
|25 August 1999
|20 August 1999
|30 August 1999
|7 September 1999
|colspan="2" | 15 September 1999
|-
!Last Date for withdrawal of nomination
|21 August 1999
|27 August 1999
|23 August 1999
|1 September 1999
|9 September 1999
|colspan="2" | 17 September 1999
|-
!Date of poll
|'''5 September 1999'''
|colspan="2" |'''11 September 1999'''
|'''18 September 1999'''
|'''25 September 1999'''
|colspan="2" |'''3 October 1999'''
|-
!Date of counting of votes/Result
| colspan="7" |'''6 October 1999'''
|-
!No. of constituencies
|146
|colspan="2" |123
|79
|74
|colspan="2" |121
|-
|}


==Campaign==
==Campaign==
The incumbent [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) went into the election as the head of the [[National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance]] (NDA), a coalition of over 20 parties. Several other parties in the election not part of the NDA also committed themselves to supporting a BJP led government on matters of confidence.
The incumbent [[Hindutva|Hindu right]]-wing [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) went into the election as the head of the [[National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance]] (NDA), a coalition of over 20 parties. Several other parties in the election not part of the NDA also committed themselves to supporting a BJP led government on matters of confidence.
The main opposition league was led by Sonia Gandhi's [[Indian National Congress]], the long-traditional center-left dominant party in India. The opposition coalition comprised far fewer parties, and its alliances were generally weaker than those of the NDA.
A so-called "third front" of left-wing, socialist and communist parties was also present, although this was not a strong electoral alliance so much as a loose grouping of parties that shared similar ideological viewpoints and had some inter-party co-operation. There were also nearly one thousand candidates of unaffiliated parties, independent candidates and parties who were unwilling to take part in coalitions that stood in the election.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asiasociety.org/publications/indian_elections.13.app2.html |title=Appendix 2 : Major Electoral Parties |last=Oldenburg |first=Philip |date=September 1999 |publisher=The Asia Society |access-date=11 December 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061001152855/http://www.asiasociety.org/publications/indian_elections.13.app2.html |archive-date=1 October 2006 }}</ref>


The campaign coalesced around a few key issues. Sonia Gandhi was a relative newcomer to the INC (having been elected to the presidency in 1998) and her leadership had recently been challenged by [[Maharastra|Maharastrian]] INC leader [[Sharad Pawar]], on the grounds of her Italian birth. This led to an underlying crisis within the INC that persisted during the election and was capitalised upon by the BJP, which contrasted the "videsi" (foreign) Gandhi versus the "swadesi" (home-grown) Vajpayee.
The main opposition league was led by Sonia Gandhi's [[Indian National Congress]], the long-traditional centrist dominant party in India. The opposition coalition comprised far fewer parties, and its alliances were generally weaker than those of the NDA. A so-called "third front" of left-wing, socialist and communist parties was also present, although this was not a strong electoral alliance so much as a loose grouping of parties that shared similar ideological viewpoints and had some inter-party co-operation. There were also nearly one thousand candidates of unaffiliated parties, independent candidates and parties who were unwilling to take part in coalitions that stood in the election.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asiasociety.org/publications/indian_elections.13.app2.html |title=Appendix 2 : Major Electoral Parties |last=Oldenburg |first=Philip |date=September 1999 |publisher=The Asia Society |access-date=11 December 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061001152855/http://www.asiasociety.org/publications/indian_elections.13.app2.html |archive-date=1 October 2006 }}</ref>
Another issue running in the BJP's favour was the generally positive view of Vajpayee's handling of the [[Kargil War]], which had ended a few months earlier and had affirmed and strengthened the Indian position in [[Kashmir]].  During the past two years India had posted strong economic growth on the back of [[economic liberalisation]] and financial reforms, as well as a low rate of inflation and higher rate of industrial expansion. The BJP campaigned strongly on the back of these achievements, as well as cultivating some sympathy for the predicament which had led to the government's downfall.<ref name="Elections1999">{{cite web|url=http://asnic.utexas.edu/asnic/hardgrave/Elections1999.html|title=The 1999 Indian Parliamentary Elections and the New BJP-led Coalition Government|last=Hardgrave|first=Bob|year=1999|access-date=11 December 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081011235012/http://asnic.utexas.edu/asnic/hardgrave/Elections1999.html|archive-date=11 October 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.csis.org/component/option,com_csis_pubs/task,view/id,3126/type,0/ |title=Election-Watcher's Guide – 1 September 1999 |last=CSIS |year=1999 |publisher=South Asia Program |access-date=11 December 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080710204741/http://www.csis.org/component/option%2Ccom_csis_pubs/task%2Cview/id%2C3126/type%2C0/ |archive-date=10 July 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref>


Perhaps most decisive though in the BJP's campaign was the solid alliance it had cultivated and the relatively strong performance it was able to deliver on regional and local issues.  The [[1991 Indian general election|1991]], [[1996 Indian general election|1996]], and [[1998 Indian general election|1998]] elections saw a period of consistent growth for the BJP and its allies, based primarily on political expansions in terms of cultivating stronger and broader alliances with other previously unaffiliated parties; and regional expansion which had seen the NDA become competitive and even the largest vote takers in previously Congress dominated areas such as [[Orissa, India|Orissa]], Andhra Pradesh and [[Assam]]. These final factors were to prove decisive in the election outcome of 1999.<ref>{{cite book|last=Heath|first=Oliver|title=Parties and Party Politics in India|editor=Zoya Hasan|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New Delhi|year=2006|isbn=978-0-19-566833-9|series=Oxford India Paperbacks|chapter=Anatomy of the BJP's Rise to Power: Social, Regional and Political Expansion in 1990s}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Wallace|first=Paul|author2=Ramashray Roy|title=India's 1999 Elections and 20th Century Politics|publisher=Sage|year=2003|isbn=978-0-7619-9598-2}}</ref>
The campaign coalesced around a few key issues. Sonia Gandhi was a relative newcomer to the INC (having been elected to the presidency in 1998) and her leadership had recently been challenged by [[Marathi people|Marathi]] INC leader [[Sharad Pawar]], on the grounds of her [[Italians|Italian]] birth. This led to an underlying crisis within the INC that persisted during the election and was capitalised upon by the BJP, which contrasted the "videsi" (foreign) Gandhi versus the "swadesi" (home-grown) Vajpayee.


The voting was conducted over five days. Elections were conducted in 146 seats on the Eastern coast of the country on 5 September, in 123 Central and Southern seats on 11 September, in 76 Northern and Upper-Central seats on 18 September, in 74 North Western seats on 25 September and in the 121 Western seats on 3 October. Despite some fears of voter fatigue, electoral turnout was comparable with previous elections at 59.99%. Over 5 million election officials conducted the election over 800,000 polling stations, with vote counting commencing on 6 October.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eci.gov.in/ |title=Elections India |last=Electoral Commission of India |access-date=11 December 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207201816/http://www.eci.gov.in/ |archive-date=7 December 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/static/special_report/1999/08/99/indian_elections/default.stm|title=Indian Elections 1999|last=BBC|year=1999|access-date=11 December 2008 | work=BBC News}}</ref>
Another issue running in the BJP's favour was the generally positive view of Vajpayee's handling of the [[Kargil War]], which had ended a few months earlier and had affirmed and strengthened the Indian position in [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Kashmir]]. During the past two years India had posted strong economic growth on the back of [[Economic liberalisation in India|economic liberalisation]] and financial reforms, as well as a low rate of inflation and higher rate of industrial expansion. The BJP campaigned strongly on the back of these achievements, as well as cultivating some sympathy for the predicament which had led to the government's downfall.<ref name="Elections1999">{{cite web|url=https://www.laits.utexas.edu/solvyns-project/Elections1999.html|title=The 1999 Indian Parliamentary Elections and the New BJP-led Coalition Government|last=Hardgrave|first=Bob|year=1999|access-date=11 December 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081011235012/http://asnic.utexas.edu/asnic/hardgrave/Elections1999.html|archive-date=11 October 2008|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.csis.org/component/option,com_csis_pubs/task,view/id,3126/type,0/ |title=Election-Watcher's Guide – 1 September 1999 |last=CSIS |year=1999 |publisher=South Asia Program |access-date=11 December 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080710204741/http://www.csis.org/component/option%2Ccom_csis_pubs/task%2Cview/id%2C3126/type%2C0/ |archive-date=10 July 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
 
Perhaps most decisive though in the BJP's campaign was the solid alliance it had cultivated and the relatively strong performance it was able to deliver on regional and local issues.  The [[1991 Indian general election|1991]], [[1996 Indian general election|1996]], and [[1998 Indian general election|1998]] elections saw a period of consistent growth for the BJP and its allies, based primarily on arousing Hindu sentiments around the [[Ayodhya dispute]], which culminated into large-scale Hindu-Muslim riots in the wake of the [[Demolition of the Babri Masjid|1992 demolition of Babri Masjid]]. It also underwent political expansions in terms of cultivating stronger and broader alliances with other previously unaffiliated parties which were opposed to Congress hegemony but not ideological aligned with the BJP; and regional expansion which saw the NDA become competitive and even the largest vote takers in previously Congress dominated areas such as [[Orissa, India|Orissa]], [[Andhra Pradesh]] and [[Assam]]. These final factors were to prove decisive in the election outcome of 1999.<ref>{{cite book|last=Heath|first=Oliver|title=Parties and Party Politics in India|editor=Zoya Hasan|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New Delhi|year=2006|isbn=978-0-19-566833-9|series=Oxford India Paperbacks|chapter=Anatomy of the BJP's Rise to Power: Social, Regional and Political Expansion in 1990s}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Wallace|first=Paul|author2=Ramashray Roy|title=India's 1999 Elections and 20th Century Politics|publisher=Sage|year=2003|isbn=978-0-7619-9598-2}}</ref>
 
Voting was conducted over five days. Elections were conducted in 146 seats on the Eastern coast of the country on 5 September, in 123 Central and Southern seats on 11 September, in 76 Northern and Upper-Central seats on 18 September, in 74 North Western seats on 25 September and in the 121 Western seats on 3 October. Despite some fears of voter fatigue, electoral turnout was comparable with previous elections at 60%. Over 5 million election officials conducted the election over 800,000 polling stations, with vote counting commencing on 6 October.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eci.gov.in/ |title=Elections India |last=Electoral Commission of India |access-date=11 December 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207201816/http://www.eci.gov.in/ |archive-date=7 December 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/static/special_report/1999/08/99/indian_elections/default.stm|title=Indian Elections 1999|last=BBC|year=1999|access-date=11 December 2008|work=BBC News|archive-date=28 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728161350/http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/static/special_report/1999/08/99/indian_elections/default.stm|url-status=live}}</ref>


==Results==
==Results==
The results were decisively in favour of the BJP and the NDA, with the formal NDA picking up 269 seats, and a further 29 seats taken by the [[Telugu Desam Party]], which gave support to the BJP-led government but was not strictly part of its alliance. The Congress party lost 23 seats, and its two key regional allies performed worse than expected, however it did regain ground in some states such as [[Uttar Pradesh]] (where it had been wiped out in 1998, not winning a single seat in the state). The leftist parties' fortunes continued to decline, with the Communist Party of India dropping to just four seats and losing its official status as a "national party".<ref name="Elections1999"/>
The results in terms of seats were decisively in favour of the BJP and the NDA, with the alliance picking up 299 seats. Despite increasing its popular vote share and receiving the most votes overall, the Congress party lost 23 seats, and its two key regional allies performed worse than expected; however, it did regain ground in some states such as [[Uttar Pradesh]] (where it had been wiped out in 1998, not winning a single seat in the state).


The result for the Indian National Congress was the worst in nearly half a century, with party leader Sonia Gandhi calling upon the party to take a frank assessment of itself – "the result calls for introspection, frank assessment and determined action. We will attend to this in the coming days. In the meantime, we accept unhesitatingly the verdict of the people". For the BJP, this marked the first occasion where a non-INC party had secured a stable government coalition. Previous non-INC governing coalitions had been formed in 1977, 1989 and 1996; however none of these administrations had been able to maintain a stable coagulation for more than a couple of years. One Senior BJP figure commented in the aftermath "It will certainly be a government of stability...I expect that Mr Vajpayee, with all his experience, will be able to handle our coalition partners."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/468258.stm|title=Indian election: What they said |last=BBC|date=8 October 1999|access-date=12 December 2008 | work=BBC News}}</ref>
The seat result for the Indian National Congress was the worst in nearly half a century, with party leader Sonia Gandhi calling upon the party to take a frank assessment of itself – "the result calls for introspection, frank assessment and determined action. We will attend to this in the coming days. In the meantime, we accept unhesitatingly the verdict of the people". For the BJP, this marked the first occasion where a non-INC party had secured a stable government coalition. Previous non-INC governing coalitions had been formed in 1977, 1989 and 1996; however, none of these administrations had been able to maintain a stable coagulation for more than a couple of years. One Senior BJP figure commented in the aftermath "It will certainly be a government of stability...I expect that Mr Vajpayee, with all his experience, will be able to handle our coalition partners."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/468258.stm|title=Indian election: What they said|last=BBC|date=8 October 1999|access-date=12 December 2008|work=BBC News|archive-date=26 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226123621/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/468258.stm|url-status=live}}</ref>


{{Election results
{{Election results
Line 88: Line 163:
|party7=[[Janata Dal (United)]]|votes7=11282084|seats7=21|sc7=
|party7=[[Janata Dal (United)]]|votes7=11282084|seats7=21|sc7=
|party8=[[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]|votes8=10150492|seats8=7|sc8=
|party8=[[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]|votes8=10150492|seats8=7|sc8=
|party9=[[All India Trinamool Congress]]|votes9=9363785|seats9=8|sc9=
|party9=[[Trinamool Congress]]|votes9=9363785|seats9=8|sc9=
|party10=[[Nationalist Congress Party]]|votes10=8260311|seats10=8|sc10=
|party10=[[Nationalist Congress Party]]|votes10=8260311|seats10=8|sc10=
|party11=[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]|votes11=7046953|seats11=10|sc11=
|party11=[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]|votes11=7046953|seats11=10|sc11=
|party12=[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]|votes12=6298832|seats12=12|sc12=
|party12=[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]|votes12=6298832|seats12=12|sc12=
|party13=[[Shiv Sena]]|votes13=5672412|seats13=15|sc13=
|party13=[[Shiv Sena (1966–2022)|Shiv Sena]]|votes13=5672412|seats13=15|sc13=
|party14=[[Communist Party of India]]|votes14=5395119|seats14=4|sc14=
|party14=[[Communist Party of India]]|votes14=5395119|seats14=4|sc14=
|party15=[[Biju Janata Dal]]|votes15=4378536|seats15=10|sc15=
|party15=[[Biju Janata Dal]]|votes15=4378536|seats15=10|sc15=
Line 110: Line 185:
|party29=[[Akhil Bharatiya Loktantrik Congress]]|votes29=818713|seats29=2|sc29=
|party29=[[Akhil Bharatiya Loktantrik Congress]]|votes29=818713|seats29=2|sc29=
|party30=[[Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh]]|votes30=692559|seats30=1|sc30=
|party30=[[Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh]]|votes30=692559|seats30=1|sc30=
|party31=[[Apna Dal]]|votes31=848662|seats31=0|sc31=
|party31=[[Apna Dal (Kamerawadi)|Apna Dal]]|votes31=848662|seats31=0|sc31=
|party32=[[Bihar People's Party]]|votes32=607810|seats32=0|sc32=
|party32=[[Bihar People's Party]]|votes32=607810|seats32=0|sc32=
|party33=[[Puthiya Tamilagam]]|votes33=568196|seats33=0|sc33=
|party33=[[Puthiya Tamilagam]]|votes33=568196|seats33=0|sc33=
Line 118: Line 193:
|party37=[[Kerala Congress]]|votes37=365313|seats37=1|sc37=
|party37=[[Kerala Congress]]|votes37=365313|seats37=1|sc37=
|party38=[[Kerala Congress (M)]]|votes38=357402|seats38=1|sc38=
|party38=[[Kerala Congress (M)]]|votes38=357402|seats38=1|sc38=
|party39=[[Shiromani Akali Dal (Amritsar)|Shiromani Akali Dal (Simranjit Singh Mann)]]|votes39=298846|seats39=1|sc39=
|party39=[[Shiromani Akali Dal (Simranjit Singh Mann)]]|votes39=298846|seats39=1|sc39=
|party40=[[Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)]]|votes40=297337|seats40=1|sc40=
|party40=[[Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)]]|votes40=297337|seats40=1|sc40=
|party41=[[Peasants and Workers Party of India]]|votes41=282583|seats41=1|sc41=
|party41=[[Peasants and Workers Party of India]]|votes41=282583|seats41=1|sc41=
Line 159: Line 234:
|party78=[[People's Democratic Movement (Meghalaya)|People's Democratic Movement]]|votes78=33164|seats78=0|sc78=
|party78=[[People's Democratic Movement (Meghalaya)|People's Democratic Movement]]|votes78=33164|seats78=0|sc78=
|party79=Bhartiya Jana Congress (Rashtriya)|votes79=32871|seats79=0|sc79=
|party79=Bhartiya Jana Congress (Rashtriya)|votes79=32871|seats79=0|sc79=
|party80=[[Pyramid Party of India]]|votes80=31699|seats80=0|sc80=
|party80=Pyramid Party of India|votes80=31699|seats80=0|sc80=
|party81=[[Socialist Republican Party (Kerala)|Socialist Republican Party]]|votes81=30779|seats81=0|sc81=
|party81=[[Socialist Republican Party (Kerala)|Socialist Republican Party]]|votes81=30779|seats81=0|sc81=
|party82=[[Federal Party of Manipur]]|votes82=30039|seats82=0|sc82=
|party82=[[Federal Party of Manipur]]|votes82=30039|seats82=0|sc82=
Line 220: Line 295:
|party140=[[Revolutionary Communist Party of India|Revolutionary Communist Party of India (Rasik Bhatt)]]|votes140=1516|seats140=0|sc140=
|party140=[[Revolutionary Communist Party of India|Revolutionary Communist Party of India (Rasik Bhatt)]]|votes140=1516|seats140=0|sc140=
|party141=All J & K Peoples Patriotic Front|votes141=1500|seats141=0|sc141=
|party141=All J & K Peoples Patriotic Front|votes141=1500|seats141=0|sc141=
|party142=Kamjor Varg Sangh,bihar|votes142=1481|seats142=0|sc142=
|party142=Kamjor Varg Sangh, Bihar|votes142=1481|seats142=0|sc142=
|party143=United Citizens Party|votes143=1414|seats143=0|sc143=
|party143=United Citizens Party|votes143=1414|seats143=0|sc143=
|party144=Rashtriya Sawarn Dal|votes144=1407|seats144=0|sc144=
|party144=Rashtriya Sawarn Dal|votes144=1407|seats144=0|sc144=
Line 256: Line 331:
}}
}}


===By state===
===By state and alliance===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- bgcolor="#cccccc"
|- "
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=left valign=top|States
! style="text-align:left; background:#ccf; vertical-align:middle;"|State <br /> (# of seats)
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=left valign=top|Party
! colspan="4" rowspan="2"  style=" text-align:center; background:#ccf; vertical-align:middle;"|Alliance/party
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|Seats won
! style="background:#ccf; text-align:center;"|Seats contested
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|% of Votes
! style="background:#ccf; text-align:right;"|Seats won
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|Alliance
! style="background:#ccf; text-align:right;"|% of votes
|-
|-
|align=left rowspan=5 valign=top|[[1999 Indian general election in Andhra Pradesh|Andhra Pradesh]]
|style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" rowspan=6 valign=top|[[1999 Indian general election in Andhra Pradesh|Andhra Pradesh]]'''(42)'''
|align=left| '''[[Telugu Desam]]'''
|rowspan="2" {{Party color cell|National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance}}
! rowspan="2" style="background:#FEF3E8" |[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA]]
| {{party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}
|[[Telugu Desam Party]]
|'''34'''
|'''29'''
|'''29'''
|'''39.85'''
|'''39.85'''
|'''[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP affiliated parties]]'''
|-
|-
|align=left| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP)
|8
|7
|7
|9.90
|9.90
|[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance]]
|-
|-
|align=left| [[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1"  {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
! rowspan="1" style="background:#FEF3E8" |[[Indian National Congress|Congress+]]
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|42
|5
|5
|42.79
|42.79
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|-
|align=left| [[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{Party color|Third Front}}" |
! rowspan="2" style="background:#ffe8e8" |[[Third Front (India)|Third Front]]
| {{party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] (CPM)
|7
|0
|1.4
|-
| {{party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|[[Communist Party Of India]] (CPI)
|6
|0
|0
|1.41
|1.3
|None
|-
|-
|align=left| [[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen]]
| -
| -
| {{party color cell|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
| [[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen]]
|1
|1
|1
|6.05
|6.05
|None
|-
|-
|align=left rowspan=5 valign=top|[[Arunachal Pradesh]]
|style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" rowspan=4 valign=top|[[Elections in Arunachal Pradesh#Lok Sabha elections|Arunachal Pradesh]]'''(2)'''
|align=left| '''[[Indian National Congress]]'''
|rowspan="1"  {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
! rowspan="1" style="background:#FEF3E8" |[[Indian National Congress|Congress+]]
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|'''2'''
|'''2'''
|'''2'''
|'''56.92'''
|'''56.92'''
|'''[[Indian National Congress]]'''
|-
|-
|align=left| [[Arunachal Congress]]
|rowspan="2" {{Party color cell|National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance}}
! rowspan="2" style="background:#FEF3E8" |[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA]]
| {{party color cell|Arunachal Congress}}
| [[Arunachal Congress]]
|1
|0
|0
|16.62
|16.62
|[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance]]
|-
|-
|align=left| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP)
|1
|0
|0
|16.30
|16.30
|[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance]]
|-
|-
|align=left| [[Nationalist Congress Party]]
| -
| -
| {{party color cell|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|1
|0
|0
|7.77
|7.77
|None
|-
|-
|align=left| Others
|style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" rowspan=7 valign=top|[[Elections in Assam#Lok Sabha Elections|Assam]]'''(14)'''
|0
|rowspan="1"  {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|2.39
! rowspan="1" style="background:#FEF3E8" |[[Indian National Congress|Congress+]]
|None
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|align=left rowspan=5 valign=top|[[1999 Indian general election in Assam|Assam]]
|'''14'''
|align=left| '''[[Indian National Congress]]'''
|'''10'''
|'''10'''
|'''38.42'''
|'''38.42'''
|'''[[Indian National Congress]]'''
|-
|-
|align=left| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|rowspan="1" {{Party color cell|National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance}}
! rowspan="1" style="background:#FEF3E8" |[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA]]
| {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP)
|12
|2
|2
|29.84
|29.84
|[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance]]
|-
|-
|align=left| [[Asom Gana Parishad]]
| rowspan="3" bgcolor="{{Party color|Third Front}}" |
! rowspan="3" style="background:#ffe8e8" |[[Third Front (India)|Third Front]]
| {{party color cell|Asom Gana Parishad}}
|[[Asom Gana Parishad]]
|8
|0
|0
|11.92
|11.92
|[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance]]
|-
|-
|align=left| [[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
| {{party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] (CPM)
|2
|0
|1.8
|-
| {{party color cell|Communist Party of India}}
| [[Communist Party of India]] (CPI)
|1
|1
|9.36
|0
|None
|0.6
|-
|-
|align=left| Others
| -
| -
| {{party color cell| Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation}}
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation]]
|3
|1
|1
|10.46
|10.46
|None
|-
|-
|align=left rowspan=5 valign=top|[[1999 Indian general election in Bihar|Bihar]]
| -
|align=left| '''[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]'''
| -
| {{party color cell|Independent (politician)|Independent}}
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|44
|1
|9.36
|-
|style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" rowspan=12 valign=top|[[Elections in Bihar#Lok Sabha Elections|Bihar]]'''(54)'''
|rowspan="3" {{Party color cell|National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance}}
! rowspan="3" style="background:#FEF3E8" |[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA]]
| {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP)
|'''29'''
|'''23'''
|'''23'''
|'''23.01'''
|'''23.01'''
|'''[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance]]'''
|-
|-
|align=left| [[Janata Dal (United)]]
| {{party color cell|Janata Dal (United)}}
|[[Janata Dal (United)]]
|23
|18
|18
|20.77
|20.77
|[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance]]
|-
|-
|align=left| [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]
| {{party color cell|Bihar People's Party}}
|[[Bihar People's Party]]
|2
|0
|1.7
|-
|rowspan="5"  {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
! rowspan="5" style="background:#FEF3E8" |[[Indian National Congress|Congress+]]
| {{party color cell|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}
| [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]
|35
|7
|7
|28.29
|28.29
|None
|-
|-
|align=left| [[Indian National Congress]]
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|15
|4
|4
|8.81
|8.81
|None
|-
|-
|align=left| Others
| {{party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|2
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] (CPM)
|19.12
|1
|None
|0
|0.1
|-
| {{party color cell|Communist Party of India}}
| [[Communist Party of India]] (CPI)
|1
|0
|1.0
|-
| {{party color cell|Rashtriya Lok Dal}}
| [[Rashtriya Lok Dal]]
|1
|0
|0
|-
| rowspan="3" bgcolor="{{Party color|Third Front}}" |
! rowspan="3" style="background:#ffe8e8" |[[Third Front (India)|Third Front]]
| {{party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] (CPM)
|1
|1
|0.9
|-
| {{party color cell|Communist Party of India}}
| [[Communist Party of India]] (CPI)
|8
|0
|1.7
|-
| {{party color cell|All India Forward Bloc}}
|[[All India Forward Bloc]] (AIFB)
|1
|0
|0
|-
| -
| -
| {{party color cell|Independent (politician)|Independent}}
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|187
|1
|4.2
|-
|-
|align=left rowspan=3 valign=top|[[1999 Indian general election in Goa|Goa]]
|style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" rowspan=2 valign=top|[[Elections in Goa#Lok Sabha Elections|Goa]]'''(2)'''
|align=left| '''[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]'''
|rowspan="1" {{Party color cell|National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance}}
! rowspan="1" style="background:#FEF3E8" |[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA]]
| {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP)
|'''2'''
|'''2'''
|'''2'''
|'''51.49'''
|'''51.49'''
|'''[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance]]'''
|-
|-
|align=left| [[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1"  {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
! rowspan="1" style="background:#FEF3E8" |[[Indian National Congress|Congress+]]
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|2
|0
|0
|39.01
|39.01
|None
|-
|-
|align=left| [[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" rowspan=2 valign=top|[[1999 Indian general election in Gujarat|Gujarat]]'''(26)'''
|0
|rowspan="1" {{Party color cell|National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance}}
|3.79
! rowspan="1" style="background:#FEF3E8" |[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA]]
|None
| {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP)
|align=left rowspan=4 valign=top|[[1999 Indian general election in Gujarat|Gujarat]]
|'''26'''
|align=left| '''[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]'''
|'''20'''
|'''20'''
|'''52.48'''
|'''52.48'''
|'''[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance]]'''
|-
|-
|align=left| [[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1"  {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
! rowspan="1" style="background:#FEF3E8" |[[Indian National Congress|Congress+]]
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|26
|6
|6
|45.44
|45.44
|None
|-
|-
|align=left| [[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" rowspan=4 valign=top|[[1999 Indian general election in Haryana|Haryana]]'''(10)'''
|0
|rowspan="2" {{Party color cell|National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance}}
|0.67
! rowspan="2" style="background:#FEF3E8" |[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA]]
|None
| {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP)
|align=left| [[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|'''5'''
|0
|0.52
|None
|-
|align=left rowspan=5 valign=top|[[1999 Indian general election in Haryana|Haryana]]
|align=left| '''[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]'''
|'''5'''
|'''5'''
|'''29.21'''
|'''29.21'''
|'''[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance]]'''
|-
|-
|align=left| [[Indian National Lok Dal]]
| {{party color cell|Indian National Lok Dal}}
|[[Indian National Lok Dal]]
|5
|5
|5
|28.72
|28.72
|[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance]]
|-
|-
|align=left| [[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1"  {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
! rowspan="1" style="background:#FEF3E8" |[[Indian National Congress|Congress+]]
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|10
|0
|0
|34.93
|34.93
|None
|-
|-
|align=left| [[Haryana Vikas Party]]
| -
| -
| {{party color cell|Haryana Vikas Party}}
|[[Haryana Vikas Party]]
|2
|0
|0
|2.71
|2.71
|None
|-
|-
|align=left| Others
|style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" rowspan=3 valign=top|[[Elections in Himachal Pradesh#Lok Sabha elections|Himachal Pradesh]]'''(4)'''
|0
|rowspan="2" {{Party color cell|National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance}}
|4.43
! rowspan="2" style="background:#FEF3E8" |[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA]]
|None
| {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP)
|align=left rowspan=5 valign=top|[[1999 Indian general election in Himachal Pradesh|Himachal Pradesh]]
|'''3'''
|align=left| '''[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]'''
|'''3'''
|'''3'''
|'''46.27'''
|'''46.27'''
|'''[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance]]'''
|-
|-
|align=left| [[Himachal Vikas Party]]
| {{party color cell|Himachal Vikas Congress}}
|[[Himachal Vikas Congress]]
|1
|1
|1
|12.37
|12.37
|None
|-
|-
|align=left| [[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1"  {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
! rowspan="1" style="background:#FEF3E8" |[[Indian National Congress|Congress+]]
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|4
|0
|0
|39.52
|39.52
|None
|-
|-
|align=left| [[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" rowspan=4 valign=top|[[Elections in Jammu and Kashmir#Lok Sabha elections|Jammu & Kashmir]]'''(6)'''
|0
| -
|0.48
| -
|None
| {{party color cell|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}
|-
|[[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference]]
|align=left| Others
|'''6'''
|0
|1.36
|None
|-
|align=left rowspan=5 valign=top|[[1999 Indian general election, 1999 (Jammu and Kashmir)|Jammu & Kashmir]]
|align=left| '''[[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference]]'''
|'''4'''
|'''4'''
|'''28.94'''
|'''28.94'''
|'''[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance]]'''
|-
|-
|align=left| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|rowspan="1" {{Party color cell|National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance}}
! rowspan="1" style="background:#FEF3E8" |[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA]]
| {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP)
|6
|2
|2
|31.56
|31.56
|[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance]]
|-
|-
|align=left| [[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1"  {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
! rowspan="1" style="background:#FEF3E8" |[[Indian National Congress|Congress+]]
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|5
|0
|0
|17.83
|17.83
|None
|-
|-
|align=left| [[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
| -
| -
| {{party color cell|Independent (politician)|Independent}}
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|28
|0
|0
|9.63
|9.63
|None
|-
|-
|align=left| Others
|style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" rowspan=4 valign=top|[[Elections in Karnataka#Lok Sabha elections|Karnataka]]'''(28)'''
|0
|rowspan="1"  {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|12.04
! rowspan="1" style="background:#FEF3E8" |[[Indian National Congress|Congress+]]
|None
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|align=left rowspan=5 valign=top|[[1999 Indian general election in Karnataka|Karnataka]]
|'''28'''
|align=left| '''[[Indian National Congress]]'''
|'''18'''
|'''18'''
|'''45.41'''
|'''45.41'''
|'''[[Indian National Congress]]'''
|-
|-
|align=left| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|rowspan="2" {{Party color cell|National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance}}
! rowspan="2" style="background:#FEF3E8" |[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA]]
| {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP)
|19
|7
|7
|27.19
|27.19
|[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance]]
|-
|-
|align=left| [[Janata Dal (United)]]
| {{party color cell| Janata Dal (United)}}
|[[Janata Dal (United)]]
|9
|3
|3
|13.28
|13.28
|[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance]]
|-
|-
|align=left| [[Janata Dal (Secular)]]
| -
| -
| {{party color cell| Janata Dal (Secular)}}
|[[Janata Dal (Secular)]]
|27
|0
|0
|10.85
|10.85
|None
|-
|-
|align=left| Others
|style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" rowspan=10 valign=top|[[1999 Indian general election in Kerala|Kerala]]'''(20)'''
|0
|rowspan="3"  {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|3.27
! rowspan="3" style="background:#FEF3E8" |[[Indian National Congress|Congress+]]
|None
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|align=left rowspan=5 valign=top|[[1999 Indian general election in Kerala|Kerala]]
|'''17'''
|align=left| '''[[Indian National Congress]]'''
|'''8'''
|'''8'''
|'''39.25'''
|'''39.25'''
|'''[[Indian National Congress]]'''
|-
|-
|align=left| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
| {{party color cell|Kerala Congress}}
|[[Kerala Congress]]
|1
|1
|2.3
|-
| {{party color cell|Muslim League Kerala State Committee}}
|[[Muslim League Kerala State Committee]]
|2
|2
|5.6
|-
| rowspan="5" bgcolor="{{Party color|Third Front}}" |
! rowspan="5" style="background:#ffe8e8" |[[Third Front (India)|Third Front]]
| {{party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] (CPM)
|12
|8
|8
|27.90
|27.90
|None
|-
|-
|align=left| [[Communist Party of India]]
| {{party color cell|Communist Party of India}}
| [[Communist Party of India]] (CPI)
|4
|0
|0
|7.57
|7.57
|None
|-
|-
|align=left| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| {{party color cell|Independent (politician)|Independent}}
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|2
|0
|3.6
|-
| {{party color cell|Kerala Congress}}
|[[Kerala Congress]]
|1
|1
|2.4
|-
| {{party color cell| Janata Dal (Secular)}}
|[[Janata Dal (Secular)]]
|1
|0
|2.2
|-
|rowspan="2" {{Party color cell|National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance}}
! rowspan="2" style="background:#FEF3E8" |[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA]]
| {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP)
|14
|0
|0
|6.56
|6.56
|None
|-
|-
|align=left| Others
| {{party color cell| Janata Dal (United)}}
|4
|[[Janata Dal (United)]]
|18.62
|5
|None
|0
|1.3
|-
|-
|align=left rowspan=5 valign=top|[[1999 Indian general election in Madhya Pradesh|Madhya Pradesh]]
|style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" rowspan=4 valign=top|[[1999 Indian general election in Madhya Pradesh|Madhya Pradesh]]'''(40)'''
|align=left| '''[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]'''
|rowspan="1" {{Party color cell|National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance}}
! rowspan="1" style="background:#FEF3E8" |[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA]]
| {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP)
|'''40'''
|'''29'''
|'''29'''
|'''46.58'''
|'''46.58'''
|'''[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance]]'''
|-
|-
|align=left| [[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1"  {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
! rowspan="1" style="background:#FEF3E8" |[[Indian National Congress|Congress+]]
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|40
|11
|11
|43.91
|43.91
|None
|-
|-
|align=left| [[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
| -
| -
| {{party color cell| Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|27
|0
|0
|5.23
|5.23
|None
|-
|-
|align=left| [[Samajwadi Party]]
| -
| -
| {{party color cell|Samajwadi Party}}
|[[Samajwadi Party]]
|20
|0
|0
|1.37
|1.37
|None
|-
|-
|align=left| Others
|style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" rowspan=9 valign=top|[[1999 Indian general election in Maharashtra|Maharashtra]]'''(48)'''
|0
|rowspan="2" {{Party color cell|National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance}}
|2.91
! rowspan="2" style="background:#FEF3E8" |[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA]]
|None
| {{party color cell| Shiv Sena}}
|-
|[[Shiv Sena (1966–2022)|Shiv Sena]]
|align=left rowspan=5 valign=top|[[1999 Indian general election in Maharashtra|Maharashtra]]
|'''22'''
|align=left| '''[[Shiv Sena]]'''
|'''15'''
|'''15'''
|'''16.86'''
|'''16.86'''
|'''[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance]]'''
|-
|-
|align=left| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP)
|26
|13
|13
|21.18
|21.18
|[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance]]
|-
|-
|align=left| [[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="3"  {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
! rowspan="3" style="background:#FEF3E8" |[[Indian National Congress|Congress+]]
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|42
|10
|10
|29.71
|29.71
|None
|-
|-
|align=left| [[Nationalist Congress Party]]
| {{party color cell|Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh}}
|[[Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh]]
|4
|1
|2.1
|-
| {{party color cell|Republican Party of India}}
|[[Republican Party of India]]
|2
|0
|1.4
|-
| -
| -
| {{party color cell|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|38
|6
|6
|21.58
|21.58
|None
|-
|-
|align=left| Others
| -
|4
| -
|10.67
| {{party color cell| Janata Dal (Secular)}}
|None
|[[Janata Dal (Secular)]]
|2
|1
|0.9
|-
| -
| -
| {{party color cell|Independent (politician)|Independent}}
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|78
|1
|3.3
|-
| -
| -
| {{party color cell|Peasants And Workers Party of India}}
|[[Peasants And Workers Party of India]]
|2
|1
|0.9
|-
|-
|align=left rowspan=3 valign=top|[[1999 Indian general election in Manipur|Manipur]]
|style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" rowspan=4 valign=top|[[Elections in Manipur#Lok Sabha elections|Manipur]]'''(2)'''
|align=left| '''[[Manipur State Congress Party]]'''
|rowspan="2" {{Party color cell|National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance}}
! rowspan="2" style="background:#FEF3E8" |[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA]]
| {{party color cell|Manipur State Congress Party}}
|[[Manipur State Congress Party]]
|'''1'''
|'''1'''
|'''1'''
|'''24.89'''
|'''24.89'''
|'''[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance]]'''
|-
|-
|align=left| [[Nationalist Congress Party]]
| {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP)
|1
|0
|1
|-
| -
| -
| {{party color cell|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|'''1'''
|'''1'''
|'''1'''
|'''13.49'''
|'''13.49'''
|-
|-
|align=left| [[Manipur Peoples Party]]
| -
| -
| {{party color cell| Manipur Peoples Party}}
|[[Manipur Peoples Party]]
|1
|0
|0
|16.25
|16.25
|-
|-
|align=left rowspan=3 valign=top|[[1999 Indian general election in Orissa|Orissa]]
|style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"rowspan=3 valign=top|[[Elections in Odisha#Lok Sabha Elections|Orissa]]'''(21)'''
|align=left| '''[[Biju Janata Dal]]'''
|rowspan="2" {{Party color cell|National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance}}
! rowspan="2" style="background:#FEF3E8" |[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA]]
| {{party color cell|Biju Janata Dal}}
|[[Biju Janata Dal]]
|'''12'''
|'''10'''
|'''10'''
|'''33.00'''
|'''33.00'''
|'''[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance]]'''
|-
|-
|align=left| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP)
|9
|9
|9
|24.63
|24.63
|[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance]]
|-
|-
|align=left| [[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1"  {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
! rowspan="1" style="background:#FEF3E8" |[[Indian National Congress|Congress+]]
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|20
|2
|2
|36.94
|36.94
|None
|-
|-
|align=left rowspan=5 valign=top|[[1999 Indian general election in Punjab|Punjab]]
|style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" rowspan=8 valign=top|[[Elections in Punjab, India|Punjab]]'''(13)'''
|-
|-
|align=left| '''[[Shiromani Akali Dal]]'''
|rowspan="3"  {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|'''2'''
! rowspan="3" style="background:#FEF3E8" |[[Indian National Congress|Congress+]]
|25.58
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance]]
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|'''11'''
|'''8'''
|'''38.4'''
|-
|-
|align=left| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| {{party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
| [[Communist Party of India ]] (CPI)
|1
|1
|1
|n/a
|3.7
|[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance]]
|-
|-
|align=left| [[Indian National Congress]]
| {{party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|8
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] (CPM)
|23.13
|1
|None
|0
|2.2
|-
|-
|align=left| Others
|rowspan="3" {{Party color cell|National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance}}
! rowspan="3" style="background:#FEF3E8" |[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA]]
| {{party color cell|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal]]
|9
|2
|2
|n/a
|28.6
|None
|-
|-
|align=left rowspan=2 valign=top|[[1999 Indian general election in Rajasthan|Rajasthan]]
| {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|align=left| '''[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]'''
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP)
|3
|1
|9.2
|-
| {{party color cell|Democratic Bahujan Samaj Morcha}}
|[[Democratic Bahujan Samaj Morcha]]
|1
|0
|2.7
|-
| -
| -
| {{party color cell|Shiromani Akali Dal (Simranjit Singh Mann)}}
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal (Simranjit Singh Mann)]]
|1
|1
|3.4
|-
|style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" rowspan=3 valign=top|[[Elections in Rajasthan#Lok Sabha elections|Rajasthan]]'''(25)'''
|rowspan="2" {{Party color cell|National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance}}
! rowspan="2" style="background:#FEF3E8" |[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA]]
| {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP)
|'''24'''
|'''16'''
|'''16'''
|'''23.01'''
|'''23.01'''
|'''[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance]]'''
|-
|-
|align=left| [[Indian National Congress]]
| {{party color cell| Janata Dal (United)}}
|[[Janata Dal (United)]]
|1
|0
|1.6
|-
|rowspan="1"  {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
! rowspan="1" style="background:#FEF3E8" |[[Indian National Congress|Congress+]]
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|25
|9
|9
|17.83
|17.83
|None
|-
|-
|align=left rowspan=9 valign=top|[[1999 Indian general election in Tamil Nadu|Tamil Nadu]]
|style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" rowspan=11 valign=top|[[1999 Indian general election in Tamil Nadu|Tamil Nadu]]'''(39)'''
|-
|-
|align=left| '''[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]'''
|rowspan="6" {{Party color cell|National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance}}
! rowspan="6" style="background:#FEF3E8" |[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA]]
| {{party color cell| Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|'''19'''
|'''12'''
|'''12'''
|'''23.1'''
|'''23.1'''
|'''[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance]]'''
|-
|-
|align=left| [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| {{party color cell|Pattali Makkal Katchi}}
| 10
|[[Pattali Makkal Katchi]]
| 25.7
|7
|[[Indian National Congress|INC affiliated parties]]
|-
|align=left| [[Pattali Makkal Katchi]]
|5
|5
|8.2
|8.2
|[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance]]
|-
|-
|align=left| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP)
|6
|4
|4
|7.1
|7.1
|[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance]]
|-
|-
|align=left| [[Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| {{party color cell|[[Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]}}
|[[Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|5
|4
|4
|6.0
|6.0
|[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance]]
|-
|-
|align=left| [[Indian National Congress]]
| {{party color cell|MGR Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
| [[MGR Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|1
|1
|1.5
|-
| {{party color cell|Tamizhaga Rajiv Congress}}
|[[Tamizhaga Rajiv Congress]]
|1
|0
|1.2
|-
|rowspan="4"  {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
! rowspan="4" style="background:#FEF3E8" |[[Indian National Congress|Congress+]]
| {{party color cell|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|24
| 10
| 25.7
|-
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|11
|2
|2
|11.1
|11.1
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|-
|align=left| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
| {{party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] (CPM)
|2
|1
|1
|2.4
|2.3
|None
|-
|-
|align=left| [[MGR Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| {{party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|1
|[[Communist Party Of India]] (CPI)
|1.5
|2
|[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance]]
|0
|2.6
|-
|-
|align=left rowspan=9 valign=top|[[1999 Indian general election in Uttar Pradesh|Uttar Pradesh]]
|style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" rowspan=11 valign=top|[[Elections in Uttar Pradesh#Table of Uttar Pradesh Lok Sabha results|Uttar Pradesh]]'''(85)'''
|-
|-
|align=left| '''[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]'''
|rowspan="4" {{Party color cell|National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance}}
! rowspan="4" style="background:#FEF3E8" |[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA]]
| {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP)
|'''77'''
|'''29'''
|'''29'''
|'''27.64'''
|'''27.64'''
|'''[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance]]'''
|-
|-
|align=left| [[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
| {{party color cell|Akhil Bharatiya Lok Tantrik Congress}}
|14
|[[Akhil Bharatiya Lok Tantrik Congress]]
|22.08
|4
|None
|2
|1.51
|-
| {{party color cell|Independent (politician)|Independent}}
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|1
|1
|3.62
|-
|-
|align=left| [[Samajwadi Party]]
| {{party color cell|Janata Dal (United)}}
|26
|[[Janata Dal (United)]]
|24.06
|2
|None
|0
|0.6
|-
|-
|align=left| [[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="3"  {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
! rowspan="3" style="background:#FEF3E8" |[[Indian National Congress|Congress+]]
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|76
|10
|10
|14.72
|14.72
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|-
|align=left| Akhil Bharatiya Lok Tantrik Congress
| {{party color cell|Rashtriya Lok Dal}}
|2
|[[Rashtriya Lok Dal]]
|1.51
|6
|None
|-
|align=left|[[Rashtriya Lok Dal]]
|2
|2
|2.49
|2.49
|None
|-
|-
|align=left|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
| {{party color cell|Republican Party of India}}
|[[Republican Party of India]]
|1
|1
|3.62
|0
|None
|0
|-
| -
| -
| {{party color cell|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|85
|14
|22.08
|-
| -
| -
| {{party color cell|Samajwadi Party}}
|[[Samajwadi Party]]
|84
|26
|24.06
|-
|-
|align=left|[[Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)]]
| -
| -
| {{party color cell|Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)}}
|[[Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)]]
|2
|1
|1
|0.46
|0.46
|None
|-
|-
|align=left rowspan=8 valign=top|[[1999 Indian general election in West Bengal|West Bengal]]
|style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" rowspan=9 valign=top|[[Elections in West Bengal#Lok Sabha elections|West Bengal]]'''(42)'''
|-
|-
|align=left|'''[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]'''
| rowspan="4" bgcolor="{{Party color|Third Front}}" |
! rowspan="4" style="background:#ffe8e8" |[[Third Front (India)|Third Front]]
| {{party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] (CPM)
|'''32'''
|'''21'''
|'''21'''
|'''35.57'''
|'''35.57'''
|None
|-
|-
|align=left|[[Nationalist Trinamool Congress]]
| {{party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|8
|[[Communist Party Of India]] (CPI)
|26.04
|3
|[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance]]
|-
|align=left| [[Communist Party of India]]
|3
|3
|3.47
|3.47
|None
|-
|-
|align=left| [[Indian National Congress]]
| {{party color cell|Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}}
|[[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|Revolutionary Socialist Party]] (RSP)
|4
|3
|3
|13.29
|4.25
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|-
|align=left| [[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)]]
| {{party color cell|All India Forward Bloc}}
|[[All India Forward Bloc]] (AIFB)
|3
|3
|4.25
|None
|-
|align=left| [[All India Forward Bloc]]
|2
|2
|3.45
|3.45
|None
|-
|-
|align=left| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|rowspan="2" {{Party color cell|National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance}}
! rowspan="2" style="background:#FEF3E8" |[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA]]
| {{party color cell|Nationalist Trinamool Congress}}
|[[All India Trinamool Congress]] (AITC)
|28
|8
|26.04
|-
| {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP)
|13
|2
|2
|11.13
|11.13
|'''[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance]]'''
|-
|rowspan="1"  {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
! rowspan="1" style="background:#FEF3E8" |[[Indian National Congress|Congress+]]
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
| [[Indian National Congress]] (INC)
|41
|3
|13.29
|-
|}
|}


== Support for the New Government ==
== Support for the new government ==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable" style=text-align:right
|+
! colspan="2" |Political Party
! colspan="2" |Political Party
!Seats
!Seats
!Alliance
|-
|-
|style="background-color:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|style="background-color:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|align=left|[[ Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|182
|182
| rowspan="12" |'''[[National Democratic Alliance]]'''
|-
|style="background-color:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}" |
|align=left|[[ Telugu Desam Party]]
|29
|-
|-
|style="background-color:{{party color|Janata Dal (United)}}" |
|style="background-color:{{party color|Janata Dal (United)}}" |
|[[Janata Dal (United)]]
|align=left|[[ Janata Dal (United)]]
|21
|21
|-
|-
|style="background-color:{{party color|Shiv Sena}}" |
|style="background-color:{{party color|Shiv Sena}}" |
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|align=left|[[ Shiv Sena (1966–2022)|Shiv Sena]]
|15
|15
|-
|-
|style="background-color:{{party color|DMK}}" |
|style="background-color:{{party color|DMK}}" |
|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|align=left|[[ Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|12
|12
|-
|-
|style="background-color:{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}" |
|style="background-color:{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}" |
|[[Biju Janata Dal]]
|align=left|[[ Biju Janata Dal]]
|10
|10
|-
|-
|style="background-color:{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}" |
|style="background-color:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}}" |
|[[All India Trinamool Congress]]
|align=left|[[ Trinamool Congress]]
|8
|8
|-
|-
|style="background-color:{{party color|Pattali Makkal Katchi}}" |
|style="background-color:{{party color|Pattali Makkal Katchi}}" |
|[[Pattali Makkal Katchi]]
|align=left|[[ Pattali Makkal Katchi]]
|5
|5
|-
|-
|style="background-color:{{party color|Indian National Lok Dal}}" |
|style="background-color:{{party color|Indian National Lok Dal}}" |
|[[Indian National Lok Dal]]
|align=left|[[ Indian National Lok Dal]]
|5
|5
|-
|-
|style="background-color:{{party color|Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}" |
|style="background-color:{{party color|Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}" |
|[[Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|align=left|[[ Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|4
|4
|-
|-
|style="background-color:{{party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}" |
|style="background-color:{{party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}" |
|[[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference]]
|align=left|[[ Jammu & Kashmir National Conference]]
|4
|4
|-
|-
|style="background-color:{{party color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}" |
|style="background-color:{{party color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}" |
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal]]
|align=left|[[ Shiromani Akali Dal]]
|2
|2
|-
|-
|style="background-color:{{party color|Rashtriya Lok Dal}}" |
|style="background-color:{{party color|Rashtriya Lok Dal}}" |
|[[Rashtriya Lok Dal]]
|align=left|[[ Rashtriya Lok Dal]]
|2
|-
|style="background-color:{{party color|Akhil Bharatiya Lok Tantrik Congress}}" |
|align=left|[[ Akhil Bharatiya Loktantrik Congress]]
|2
|2
|-
|-
|style="background-color:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}" |
|style="background-color:{{party color|MGR Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}" |
|[[Telugu Desam Party]]   (Outside Support)
|align=left|[[ MGR Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|29
|1
|
|-
|style="background-color:{{party color|Himachal Vikas Congress}}" |
|align=left|[[ Himachal Vikas Congress]]
|1
|-
|style="background-color:{{party color|Independent politician}}" |
|align=left|[[ Independent politician|Independent]]
|1
|-
|-
|
|colspan=2 align=left|Total
|Total
|'''304'''
|'''299'''
|
|}
|}
==See also==
*[[List of members of the 13th Lok Sabha]][[:Category:1999 Indian general election by state or union territory]]
== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}


==References==
==References==
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{{Indian elections}}
{{Indian elections}}
{{#seo:
|keywords=September 1999 events in Asia, October 1999 events in Asia
|description=
}}


[[Category:1999 Indian general election| ]]
[[Category:1999 Indian general election| ]]
[[Category:1999 elections in Asia|India]]
[[Category:1999 elections in Asia|India]]
[[Category:September 1999 events in Asia]]
[[Category:September 1999 in India|General]]
[[Category:October 1999 events in Asia]]
[[Category:October 1999 in India|General]]
[[Category:General elections in India]]

Latest revision as of 03:47, 22 April 2026


1999 Indian general election
← 1998 5 September–3 October 1999 2004 →
543 of the 545 seats in the Lok Sabha[lower-alpha 1]
272 seats needed for a majority
Registered619,536,847
Turnout59.99% (Decrease 1.98pp)
  First party Second party Third party
 
The Prime Minister Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee delivering his speech at the 12th SAARC Summit in Islamabad, Pakistan on January 4, 2004 (1) (cropped).jpg
Sonia Gandhi and Vladimir Putin in March 2010 04.jpg
Surjith-6.JPG
Leader Atal Bihari Vajpayee Sonia Gandhi Harkishan Singh Surjeet
Party BJP INC CPI (M)
Alliance NDA UPA LF
Last election 25.59%, 182 seats 25.82%, 141 seats 5.16%, 32 seats
Seats won 182 114 33
Seat change Template:No change Decrease 27 Increase 1
Popular vote 86,562,209 103,120,330 19,695,767
Percentage 23.75% 28.30% 5.40%
Swing Decrease 1.84pp Increase 2.48pp Increase 0.24pp
Alliance seats 299 137 107
Results by constituency
Prime Minister before election

Atal Bihari Vajpayee
BJP

Prime Minister after election

Atal Bihari Vajpayee
BJP

General elections were held in India between 5 September and 3 October 1999, a few months after the Kargil War. Results were announced on 6 October 1999.[1][2]

The elections saw the National Democratic Alliance led by the Bharatiya Janata Party win a majority in the Lok Sabha, the first time since 1984 that a party or alliance had won an outright majority and the second since the 1977 elections that a non-Congress coalition had done so. It was also the third consecutive election in which the party that won the most votes overall did not win the most seats. The elections gave Atal Bihari Vajpayee the record of being the first non-Congress Prime Minister to serve a full five-year term. The decisive result also ended the political instability the country had seen since the 1996 elections that had resulted in a hung parliament. Although the Indian National Congress was able to increase its vote share, its 114 seat tally was considered to be its worst-ever performance in a general election in terms of the number of seats obtained until the 2014 general elections.

Background[edit | edit source]

1999 Lok Sabha vote of confidence[edit | edit source]

On 17 April 1999 the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) coalition government led by prime minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee failed to win a confidence vote in the Lok Sabha (India's lower house) by a single vote due to the withdrawal of one of the government's coalition partners – the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK). The general secretary of the AIADMK J. Jayalalithaa, had consistently threatened to withdraw support from the ruling coalition if certain demands were not met, in particular the sacking of the Tamil Nadu government, control of which she had lost three years prior to her arch rival M. Karunanidhi. The BJP accused Jayalalithaa of making the demands in order to avoid standing trial for a series of corruption charges, and no agreement between the parties could be reached leading to the government's defeat.[3]

Sonia Gandhi, as leader of the opposition and largest opposition party (Indian National Congress) was unable to form a coalition of parties large enough to secure a working majority in the Lok Sabha. Neither Mulayam Singh nor Jayalalithaa supported Gandhi, instead Jayalalithaa proposed West Bengal chief minister Jyoti Basu for prime minister; he also declined the position. Thus shortly after the no confidence motion, President K. R. Narayanan dissolved the Parliament and called fresh elections. Atal Bihari Vajpayee remained caretaker prime minister till the elections were held later that year.[4]

Election schedule[edit | edit source]

The polling schedule for the 1999 General Elections was announced by the Chief Election Commissioner M. S. Gill on 11 July 1999. Then it was revised once again on 3 August 1999. The revised schedule is given below.

Poll event Phase
I II II (A)[lower-alpha 2] III IV V V (A)[lower-alpha 3]
Notification date 11 August 1999 17 August 1999 12 August 1999 21 August 1999 30 August 1999 7 September 1999 3 September 1999
Last date for filing nomination 18 August 1999 24 August 1999 19 August 1999 28 August 1999 6 September 1999 14 September 1999 10 September 1999
Scrutiny of nomination 19 August 1999 25 August 1999 20 August 1999 30 August 1999 7 September 1999 15 September 1999
Last Date for withdrawal of nomination 21 August 1999 27 August 1999 23 August 1999 1 September 1999 9 September 1999 17 September 1999
Date of poll 5 September 1999 11 September 1999 18 September 1999 25 September 1999 3 October 1999
Date of counting of votes/Result 6 October 1999
No. of constituencies 146 123 79 74 121

Campaign[edit | edit source]

The incumbent Hindu right-wing Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) went into the election as the head of the National Democratic Alliance (NDA), a coalition of over 20 parties. Several other parties in the election not part of the NDA also committed themselves to supporting a BJP led government on matters of confidence.

The main opposition league was led by Sonia Gandhi's Indian National Congress, the long-traditional centrist dominant party in India. The opposition coalition comprised far fewer parties, and its alliances were generally weaker than those of the NDA. A so-called "third front" of left-wing, socialist and communist parties was also present, although this was not a strong electoral alliance so much as a loose grouping of parties that shared similar ideological viewpoints and had some inter-party co-operation. There were also nearly one thousand candidates of unaffiliated parties, independent candidates and parties who were unwilling to take part in coalitions that stood in the election.[5]

The campaign coalesced around a few key issues. Sonia Gandhi was a relative newcomer to the INC (having been elected to the presidency in 1998) and her leadership had recently been challenged by Marathi INC leader Sharad Pawar, on the grounds of her Italian birth. This led to an underlying crisis within the INC that persisted during the election and was capitalised upon by the BJP, which contrasted the "videsi" (foreign) Gandhi versus the "swadesi" (home-grown) Vajpayee.

Another issue running in the BJP's favour was the generally positive view of Vajpayee's handling of the Kargil War, which had ended a few months earlier and had affirmed and strengthened the Indian position in Kashmir. During the past two years India had posted strong economic growth on the back of economic liberalisation and financial reforms, as well as a low rate of inflation and higher rate of industrial expansion. The BJP campaigned strongly on the back of these achievements, as well as cultivating some sympathy for the predicament which had led to the government's downfall.[6][7]

Perhaps most decisive though in the BJP's campaign was the solid alliance it had cultivated and the relatively strong performance it was able to deliver on regional and local issues. The 1991, 1996, and 1998 elections saw a period of consistent growth for the BJP and its allies, based primarily on arousing Hindu sentiments around the Ayodhya dispute, which culminated into large-scale Hindu-Muslim riots in the wake of the 1992 demolition of Babri Masjid. It also underwent political expansions in terms of cultivating stronger and broader alliances with other previously unaffiliated parties which were opposed to Congress hegemony but not ideological aligned with the BJP; and regional expansion which saw the NDA become competitive and even the largest vote takers in previously Congress dominated areas such as Orissa, Andhra Pradesh and Assam. These final factors were to prove decisive in the election outcome of 1999.[8][9]

Voting was conducted over five days. Elections were conducted in 146 seats on the Eastern coast of the country on 5 September, in 123 Central and Southern seats on 11 September, in 76 Northern and Upper-Central seats on 18 September, in 74 North Western seats on 25 September and in the 121 Western seats on 3 October. Despite some fears of voter fatigue, electoral turnout was comparable with previous elections at 60%. Over 5 million election officials conducted the election over 800,000 polling stations, with vote counting commencing on 6 October.[10][11]

Results[edit | edit source]

The results in terms of seats were decisively in favour of the BJP and the NDA, with the alliance picking up 299 seats. Despite increasing its popular vote share and receiving the most votes overall, the Congress party lost 23 seats, and its two key regional allies performed worse than expected; however, it did regain ground in some states such as Uttar Pradesh (where it had been wiped out in 1998, not winning a single seat in the state).

The seat result for the Indian National Congress was the worst in nearly half a century, with party leader Sonia Gandhi calling upon the party to take a frank assessment of itself – "the result calls for introspection, frank assessment and determined action. We will attend to this in the coming days. In the meantime, we accept unhesitatingly the verdict of the people". For the BJP, this marked the first occasion where a non-INC party had secured a stable government coalition. Previous non-INC governing coalitions had been formed in 1977, 1989 and 1996; however, none of these administrations had been able to maintain a stable coagulation for more than a couple of years. One Senior BJP figure commented in the aftermath "It will certainly be a government of stability...I expect that Mr Vajpayee, with all his experience, will be able to handle our coalition partners."[12]

PartyVotes%Seats
Indian National Congress103,120,33028.30114
Bharatiya Janata Party86,562,20923.75182
Communist Party of India (Marxist)19,695,7675.4033
Bahujan Samaj Party15,175,8454.1614
Samajwadi Party13,717,0213.7626
Telugu Desam Party13,297,3703.6529
Janata Dal (United)11,282,0843.1021
Rashtriya Janata Dal10,150,4922.797
Trinamool Congress9,363,7852.578
Nationalist Congress Party8,260,3112.278
All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam7,046,9531.9310
Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam6,298,8321.7312
Shiv Sena5,672,4121.5615
Communist Party of India5,395,1191.484
Biju Janata Dal4,378,5361.2010
Janata Dal (Secular)3,332,7020.911
Pattali Makkal Katchi2,377,7410.655
Shiromani Akali Dal2,502,9490.692
Tamil Maanila Congress2,058,6360.560
Indian National Lok Dal2,002,7000.555
Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam1,620,5270.444
Revolutionary Socialist Party1,500,8170.413
Rashtriya Lok Dal1,364,0300.372
All India Forward Bloc1,288,0600.352
Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation1,220,6980.331
Asom Gana Parishad1,182,0610.320
Jharkhand Mukti Morcha974,6090.270
Muslim League Kerala State Committee833,5620.232
Akhil Bharatiya Loktantrik Congress818,7130.222
Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh692,5590.191
Apna Dal848,6620.230
Bihar People's Party607,8100.170
Puthiya Tamilagam568,1960.160
Jammu & Kashmir National Conference454,4810.124
All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen448,1650.121
MGR Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam396,2160.111
Kerala Congress365,3130.101
Kerala Congress (M)357,4020.101
Shiromani Akali Dal (Simranjit Singh Mann)298,8460.081
Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)297,3370.081
Peasants and Workers Party of India282,5830.081
Himachal Vikas Congress264,0020.071
Manipur State Congress Party222,4170.061
Republican Party of India505,6640.140
Ajeya Bharat Party430,2750.120
Sarb Hind Shiromani Akali Dal406,4210.110
Marxist Co-ordination Committee351,8390.100
Tamizhaga Rajiv Congress338,2780.090
United Reservation Movement Council of Assam246,9420.070
Anna Telugu Desam Party244,0450.070
Democratic Bahujan Samaj Morcha236,9620.070
Haryana Vikas Party188,7310.050
Sikkim Democratic Front107,8280.031
Gondwana Ganatantra Party180,8040.050
People's Democratic Front172,4340.050
Janata Party167,6490.050
Jharkhand Mukti Morcha (Ulgulan)154,4330.040
Mahabharat People's Party145,1920.040
National Loktantrik Party136,3850.040
Marxist Communist Party of India (S.S. Srivastava)120,2200.030
United Democratic Party107,1970.030
Jharkhand Party (Naren)101,4410.030
Sikkim Sangram Parishad86,4660.020
Kannada Chalavali Vatal Paksha73,0120.020
Sadbhavana Party71,2790.020
Arunachal Congress70,7600.020
NTR Telugu Desam Party (Lakshmi Parvathi)61,6350.020
Jharkhand Party57,6760.020
Champaran Vikas Party56,5610.020
Akhil Bharatiya Sena56,2490.020
United Minorities Front, Assam53,6610.010
Lok Shakti40,9970.010
Bharatiya Republican Paksha40,6360.010
Hill State People's Democratic Party40,3010.010
Bahujan Samaj Party (Ambedkar)39,4940.010
Pragatisheel Manav Samaj Party36,9200.010
Bharatiya Jan Congress34,5520.010
People's Democratic Movement33,1640.010
Bhartiya Jana Congress (Rashtriya)32,8710.010
Pyramid Party of India31,6990.010
Socialist Republican Party30,7790.010
Federal Party of Manipur30,0390.010
Jammu and Kashmir Awami League28,8890.010
Amra Bangali25,4080.010
Tamil Desiyak Katchi25,2090.010
Loktantrik Samajwadi Party23,6300.010
Indian Union Muslim League (IUML)20,5230.010
Bharatiya Jana Sangh19,5960.010
National Minorities Party19,3440.010
Shoshit Samaj Dal19,3300.010
Jammu and Kashmir National Panthers Party15,8880.000
Chhattisgarh Mukti Morcha15,5260.000
Uttarakhand Kranti Dal14,3020.000
Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha14,1570.000
Republican Party of India (Athawale)14,0980.000
Majlis Bachao Tahreek13,4610.000
Sirpanch Samaj Party13,4370.000
Chhattisgarhi Samaj Party13,0970.000
Parivartan Samaj Party12,8200.000
United Goans Democratic Party11,1530.000
Jan Satta Party11,0240.000
Savarn Samaj Party10,9060.000
All India Muslim Forum10,0100.000
Maraland Democratic Front8,4440.000
United Tribal Nationalists Liberation Front8,4290.000
United Bodo Nationalist Liberation Front7,6110.000
Bharatiya Samaj Dal7,6070.000
Ambedkar Samaj Party7,2600.000
Akhil Bharatiya Berozgaar Party7,1340.000
Akhil Bartiya Manav Seva Dal6,7610.000
Rajasthan Vikash Party6,2580.000
Awami Party5,0500.000
All India Gareeb Congress4,8610.000
Gareebjan Samaj Party4,7250.000
Garo National Council4,5610.000
Humanist Party of India4,1920.000
Rashtriya Unnatsheel Das4,1040.000
Shoshit Samaj Party4,0800.000
Bharatiya Naujawan Dal3,8950.000
Dhiravida Thelgar Munnetra Kalagam3,7480.000
Maharashtra Rashtravadi Congress3,5790.000
Maharashtra Pradesh Krantikari Party3,5710.000
Bira Oriya Party3,1200.000
Bahujan Kranti Dal (JAI)3,0900.000
All India Rajiv Krantikari Congress2,9930.000
Sanatan Samaj Party2,9320.000
Bhartiya Lok Kalyan Dal2,8960.000
Bharatiya Berozgar Mazdoor Kisan Dal2,7060.000
Tharasu Makkal Mandram2,6750.000
Gujarat Yuva Vikas Party2,2170.000
Bharatiya Minorities Suraksha Mahasangh2,1510.000
Akhil Bhartiya Janata Vikas Party1,9810.000
Bharat Dal1,8320.000
Hind Vikas Party1,6410.000
Tamil Nadu Peasants and Workers Party1,6310.000
Ephraim Union1,5780.000
National Organisation Congress1,5660.000
Manav Kalyan Sangh Dal1,5170.000
Revolutionary Communist Party of India (Rasik Bhatt)1,5160.000
All J & K Peoples Patriotic Front1,5000.000
Kamjor Varg Sangh, Bihar1,4810.000
United Citizens Party1,4140.000
Rashtriya Sawarn Dal1,4070.000
Goa Vikas Party1,4070.000
Akhil Bharatiya Manav Adhikar Dal1,3330.000
Akhil Bhartiya Loktantra Party1,2650.000
Labour and Job Seeker's Party of India1,2270.000
Bahujan Kranti Dal1,2180.000
Secular Party of India1,1800.000
Rashtriya Aikta Manch1,1690.000
Gandhiwadi Rashtriya Congress1,1630.000
Pragati Sheel Party8580.000
Bharat Nav Jyoti Sangh8060.000
All India Minorities Front8050.000
Bahujan Ekta Party (R)7830.000
Bharatiya Momin Front7370.000
Indian National Green Party5940.000
Bharatiya Jan Vikas Party5710.000
Ambedkarbadi Party5430.000
Bharatiya Parivartan Morcha5080.000
Rashtriya Mazdoor Ekta Party4370.000
Christian Mannetra Kazhagam3850.000
Bharatha Makkal Congress3840.000
Rashtriya Dharmanirpeksha Nava Bharat Party3840.000
Kranti Dal3440.000
Bharatiya Muhabbat Party (All India)3380.000
Akhil Bharatiya Shivsena Rashtrawadi2440.000
National Congress Of Youth1790.000
Desh Bhakt Party1730.000
Independents9,996,3862.746
Nominated Anglo-Indians2
Total364,437,294100.00545
Valid votes364,437,29498.05
Invalid/blank votes7,231,8101.95
Total votes371,669,104100.00
Registered voters/turnout619,536,84759.99
Source: ECI

By state and alliance[edit | edit source]

State
(# of seats) 		Alliance/party Seats contested Seats won % of votes
Andhra Pradesh(42) NDA Telugu Desam Party 34 29 39.85
Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) 8 7 9.90
Congress+ Indian National Congress 42 5 42.79
Third Front Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPM) 7 0 1.4
Communist Party Of India (CPI) 6 0 1.3
- - All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen 1 1 6.05
Arunachal Pradesh(2) Congress+ Indian National Congress 2 2 56.92
NDA Arunachal Congress 1 0 16.62
Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) 1 0 16.30
- - Nationalist Congress Party 1 0 7.77
Assam(14) Congress+ Indian National Congress 14 10 38.42
NDA Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) 12 2 29.84
Third Front Asom Gana Parishad 8 0 11.92
Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPM) 2 0 1.8
Communist Party of India (CPI) 1 0 0.6
- - Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation 3 1 10.46
- - Independent 44 1 9.36
Bihar(54) NDA Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) 29 23 23.01
Janata Dal (United) 23 18 20.77
Bihar People's Party 2 0 1.7
Congress+ Rashtriya Janata Dal 35 7 28.29
Indian National Congress 15 4 8.81
Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPM) 1 0 0.1
Communist Party of India (CPI) 1 0 1.0
Rashtriya Lok Dal 1 0 0
Third Front Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPM) 1 1 0.9
Communist Party of India (CPI) 8 0 1.7
All India Forward Bloc (AIFB) 1 0 0
- - Independent 187 1 4.2
Goa(2) NDA Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) 2 2 51.49
Congress+ Indian National Congress 2 0 39.01
Gujarat(26) NDA Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) 26 20 52.48
Congress+ Indian National Congress 26 6 45.44
Haryana(10) NDA Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) 5 5 29.21
Indian National Lok Dal 5 5 28.72
Congress+ Indian National Congress 10 0 34.93
- - Haryana Vikas Party 2 0 2.71
Himachal Pradesh(4) NDA Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) 3 3 46.27
Himachal Vikas Congress 1 1 12.37
Congress+ Indian National Congress 4 0 39.52
Jammu & Kashmir(6) - - Jammu & Kashmir National Conference 6 4 28.94
NDA Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) 6 2 31.56
Congress+ Indian National Congress 5 0 17.83
- - Independent 28 0 9.63
Karnataka(28) Congress+ Indian National Congress 28 18 45.41
NDA Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) 19 7 27.19
Janata Dal (United) 9 3 13.28
- - Janata Dal (Secular) 27 0 10.85
Kerala(20) Congress+ Indian National Congress 17 8 39.25
Kerala Congress 1 1 2.3
Muslim League Kerala State Committee 2 2 5.6
Third Front Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPM) 12 8 27.90
Communist Party of India (CPI) 4 0 7.57
Independent 2 0 3.6
Kerala Congress 1 1 2.4
Janata Dal (Secular) 1 0 2.2
NDA Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) 14 0 6.56
Janata Dal (United) 5 0 1.3
Madhya Pradesh(40) NDA Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) 40 29 46.58
Congress+ Indian National Congress 40 11 43.91
- - Bahujan Samaj Party 27 0 5.23
- - Samajwadi Party 20 0 1.37
Maharashtra(48) NDA Shiv Sena 22 15 16.86
Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) 26 13 21.18
Congress+ Indian National Congress 42 10 29.71
Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh 4 1 2.1
Republican Party of India 2 0 1.4
- - Nationalist Congress Party 38 6 21.58
- - Janata Dal (Secular) 2 1 0.9
- - Independent 78 1 3.3
- - Peasants And Workers Party of India 2 1 0.9
Manipur(2) NDA Manipur State Congress Party 1 1 24.89
Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) 1 0 1
- - Nationalist Congress Party 1 1 13.49
- - Manipur Peoples Party 1 0 16.25
Orissa(21) NDA Biju Janata Dal 12 10 33.00
Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) 9 9 24.63
Congress+ Indian National Congress 20 2 36.94
Punjab(13)
Congress+ Indian National Congress 11 8 38.4
Communist Party of India (CPI) 1 1 3.7
Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPM) 1 0 2.2
NDA Shiromani Akali Dal 9 2 28.6
Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) 3 1 9.2
Democratic Bahujan Samaj Morcha 1 0 2.7
- - Shiromani Akali Dal (Simranjit Singh Mann) 1 1 3.4
Rajasthan(25) NDA Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) 24 16 23.01
Janata Dal (United) 1 0 1.6
Congress+ Indian National Congress 25 9 17.83
Tamil Nadu(39)
NDA Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam 19 12 23.1
Pattali Makkal Katchi 7 5 8.2
Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) 6 4 7.1
Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam 5 4 6.0
MGR Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam 1 1 1.5
Tamizhaga Rajiv Congress 1 0 1.2
Congress+ All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam 24 10 25.7
Indian National Congress 11 2 11.1
Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPM) 2 1 2.3
Communist Party Of India (CPI) 2 0 2.6
Uttar Pradesh(85)
NDA Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) 77 29 27.64
Akhil Bharatiya Lok Tantrik Congress 4 2 1.51
Independent 1 1 3.62
Janata Dal (United) 2 0 0.6
Congress+ Indian National Congress 76 10 14.72
Rashtriya Lok Dal 6 2 2.49
Republican Party of India 1 0 0
- - Bahujan Samaj Party 85 14 22.08
- - Samajwadi Party 84 26 24.06
- - Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya) 2 1 0.46
West Bengal(42)
Third Front Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPM) 32 21 35.57
Communist Party Of India (CPI) 3 3 3.47
Revolutionary Socialist Party (RSP) 4 3 4.25
All India Forward Bloc (AIFB) 3 2 3.45
NDA All India Trinamool Congress (AITC) 28 8 26.04
Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) 13 2 11.13
Congress+ Indian National Congress (INC) 41 3 13.29

Support for the new government[edit | edit source]

Political Party Seats
Bharatiya Janata Party 182
Telugu Desam Party 29
Janata Dal (United) 21
Shiv Sena 15
Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam 12
Biju Janata Dal 10
Trinamool Congress 8
Pattali Makkal Katchi 5
Indian National Lok Dal 5
Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam 4
Jammu & Kashmir National Conference 4
Shiromani Akali Dal 2
Rashtriya Lok Dal 2
Akhil Bharatiya Loktantrik Congress 2
MGR Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam 1
Himachal Vikas Congress 1
Independent 1
Total 304

See also[edit | edit source]

Notes[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ Two seats were reserved for Anglo-Indians and filled by presidential nomination
  2. ↑ 2 (A) phase for only Kerala.
  3. ↑ 5 (A) phase for only second phase of Odisha.

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ "tribuneindia... Nation". www.tribuneindia.com. Archived from the original on 16 August 2021. Retrieved 16 August 2021.
  2. ↑ "The 1999 Indian Parliamentary Elections and the New BJP-led Coalition Government". 11 October 2008. Archived from the original on 11 October 2008. Retrieved 16 August 2021.
  3. ↑ BBC World Service (19 April 1999). "Jayalalitha: Actress-turned-politician". BBC News. Archived from the original on 6 January 2019. Retrieved 11 December 2008.
  4. ↑ Oldenburg, Philip (September 1999). "The Thirteenth Election of India's Lok Sabha". The Asia Society. Archived from the original on 4 June 2008. Retrieved 11 December 2008.
  5. ↑ Oldenburg, Philip (September 1999). "Appendix 2 : Major Electoral Parties". The Asia Society. Archived from the original on 1 October 2006. Retrieved 11 December 2008.
  6. ↑ Hardgrave, Bob (1999). "The 1999 Indian Parliamentary Elections and the New BJP-led Coalition Government". Archived from the original on 11 October 2008. Retrieved 11 December 2008.
  7. ↑ CSIS (1999). "Election-Watcher's Guide – 1 September 1999". South Asia Program. Archived from the original on 10 July 2008. Retrieved 11 December 2008.
  8. ↑ Heath, Oliver (2006). "Anatomy of the BJP's Rise to Power: Social, Regional and Political Expansion in 1990s". In Zoya Hasan (ed.). Parties and Party Politics in India. Oxford India Paperbacks. New Delhi: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-566833-9.
  9. ↑ Wallace, Paul; Ramashray Roy (2003). India's 1999 Elections and 20th Century Politics. Sage. ISBN 978-0-7619-9598-2.
  10. ↑ Electoral Commission of India. "Elections India". Archived from the original on 7 December 2008. Retrieved 11 December 2008.
  11. ↑ BBC (1999). "Indian Elections 1999". BBC News. Archived from the original on 28 July 2011. Retrieved 11 December 2008.
  12. ↑ BBC (8 October 1999). "Indian election: What they said". BBC News. Archived from the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 12 December 2008.
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