List of rulers of Bengal: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 01:00, 1 March 2026

Template:Bengalis This is a list of rulers of Bengal. For much of its history, Bengal was split up into several independent kingdoms, completely unifying only several times. In ancient times, Bengal consisted of the kingdoms of Pundra, Suhma, Vanga, Samatata and Harikela.

In the 4th century BCE, during the reign of the Nanda Empire, the powerful rulers of Gangaridai sent their forces consisting of war elephants which led to the withdrawal of Alexander the Great from the Indian subcontinent.^[1]

With the rise of Gopala in 750 AD, Bengal was united once more under the Buddhist and Shaivite Pala Empire. The Pala period is considered as one of golden eras of Bengali history as it brought stability and prosperity to Bengal after centuries of Civil War, created outstanding works of art and architecture, proto-Bengali language developed under them including its first literary work, the Charyapada and so on. They ruled Bengal until the 12th century, before being succeeded by the Buddhist and Hindu Chandra dynasty, Sena dynasty and Deva dynasty. The rule of the Sena and Deva dynasty extended over various parts of Bengal,^[2]^[3] until the arrival of Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji as part of the Ghurid Invasion of Bengal.^[4] ^{[citation needed]}

In the early 13th century, Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji conquered the Western and parts of Northern Bengal,^[5] and established the first Muslim kingdom in Bengal.^[6] The Delhi Sultanate, under various Islamic dynasties such as the Mamluk Sultanate, the Khalji dynasty, the Turko-Indian Tughlaq dynasty, the Sayyid dynasty and the Lodi dynasty ruled over various parts Bengal for some 300 years, interrupted and frequently challenged by local muslim rulers of Bengal.^[7]^[8]

The Bengal Sultanate, a major trading nation in the world,^[9] was founded in 1342 by Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah, after he united Satgaon, Lakhnauti and Sonargaon.^[10] The Ilyas Shahi dynasty ruled Bengal for nearly 150 years. The Hussain Shahi dynasty founded by Alauddin Husain Shah, reached its greatest territorial extent which saw the extension of the sultanate from modern Bihar and Odisha in the west, to Kamaraupa and the port of Chittagong in the east, witnessing the arrival of the earliest Portuguese merchants.^[8]^[11]

Ancient Bengal

Ancient geopolitical divisions

Ancient region	Modern region
Pundravardhana	Rajshahi Division and Rangpur Division in Bangladesh; Malda division of West Bengal in India
Vanga	Khulna Division and Barisal Division in Bangladesh; West of the Padma river.
Tirabhukti	Mithila area of India and Nepal
Gauda	Modern Malda and Murshidabad districts of West Bengal, India
Suhma	Burdwan division, Medinipur division and Presidency division of West Bengal in India
Rarh	Corresponds to the modern Bardhaman, Bankura, Hooghly and Nadia districts of West Bengal in India
Samatata	Dhaka Division, Barisal Division and Chittagong Division in Bangladesh
Harikela	Sylhet Division, Chittagong Division, Dhaka Division and Barisal Division in Bangladesh

The founders of Angas, Vangas, Kalingas, Pundras, Odras and Suhmas shared a common ancestry. They were all adopted sons of a king named Bali, born by a sage named Gautama Dirghatamas, who lived in Magadha close to the city of Girivraja.^[12]

Bengal from c. 1100 to c. 600 BCE

Bengal and kingdoms in Late Vedic Period c. 1100–600 BCE

Bengal from c. 600 to c. 350 BCE

Bengal in c. 350 BCE

Firstly, the entirety of Bengal was conquered by Mahapadma Nanda in 350 BCE

Anga kingdom (c. 1100–530 BCE)

Template:POV section

The earliest mention occurs in the Atharvaveda (V.22.14) where they are listed alongside the Magadhas, Gandharis and the Mujavatas.^[13] Anga was annexed by Magadha in the time of Bimbisara. This was the one and only conquest of Bimbisara.^[14]

Known Anga rulers include:

Maharaj Anga – (founder of the kingdom and son of King Bali)
Romapada
Brihadratha
Angaraj Karna
Vrishaketu – (son of Karna)
Tamralipta
Lomapada
Chitraratha
Vrihadratha
Vasuhoma
Dhatarattha
Dhadivahana
Brahmadatta – (last king of Anga kingdom)

Vanga kingdom (c. 1100–340 BCE)

Vanga was an ancient kingdom and geopolitical division on the Ganges delta. It was located in southern Bengal, with the core region including present-day southwestern Bangladesh and southern West Bengal (India).^[15]

Known Vanga rulers are:

Samudrasena
Chandrasena
Karna
Bhagabhatta

Pundra kingdom (c. 1100–340 BCE)

Pundravardhana or Pundra Kingdom, was an ancient kingdom, that included parts of present-day Rajshahi and Rangpur Divisions of Bangladesh as well as the West Dinajpur district of West Bengal in India.^[16]^[17]

Known Pundra rulers are:

Paundraka Vasudeva

Suhma kingdom (c. 1100–340 BCE)

Suhma kingdom was an ancient state during the Vedic period on the eastern part of the Bengal.This kingdom was mentioned in the epic Mahabharata along with its neighbouring kingdom Prasuhma.^[18]

Chola Empire(c. 848–1279 BCE)

Videha dynasty of Mithila (Tirabhukti) (c. 1100–700 BCE)

Tirabhukti or Mithila region is bounded by the Mahananda River in the east, the Ganges in the south, the Gandaki River in the west and by the foothills of the Himalayas in the north.^[19]

Mithila region firstly ruled by Videha dynasty. There were 52 Janaka (kings) ruled Videha dynasty of Mithila-^[20]

Mithi (founder of Mithila and the first Janaka)^[21]
Udavasu
Nandivardhana
Suketu
Devarata
Brihadvrata
Mahavira
Sudhriti
Dristaketu
Haryasva
Maru
Pratindhaka
Kritiratha
Devamidha
Vibhuta
Mahidhrata
Kirtirata
Mahorama
Swarnorama
Hrisvaroma
Seeradhwaja
Bhaanumaan
Shatadyumn
Shuchi
Oorjnaamaa
Kriti
Anjan
Kurujit
Arishtnemi
Shrutaayu
Supaarshwa
Srinjaya
Kshemaavee
Anenaa
Bhaumarath
Satyarath
Upagu
Upagupt
Swaagat
Swaanand
Suvarchaa
Supaarshwa
Subhaash
Sushrut
Jaya
Vijaya
Rit
Sunaya
Veetahavya
Dhriti
Bahulaashwa
Kriti (last King of Videha or Janaka dynasty, Kirti Janak was atrocious ruler who lost control over his subjects. He was dethroned by public under leadership of Acharyas (Learned Men).

During this period of fall of Videha dynasty, the famous republic of Licchavi was rising in Vaishali and Mithila region came under control of Licchavi clan of Vajji confederacy in around eighth century BCE.^[22]

Gangaridai kingdom (c. 350–100 BCE)

Gangaridae is a term used by the ancient Greco-Roman writers to describe a people or a geographical region of the ancient Indian subcontinent. Some of these writers state that Alexander the Great withdrew from the Indian subcontinent because of the strong war elephant force of the Gangaridai. However, the geographical region was annexed and governed by the Nanda Empire at the time.

A number of modern scholars locate Gangaridai in the Ganges Delta of the Bengal region, although alternative theories also exist. Gange or Ganges, the capital of the Gangaridai (according to Ptolemy), has been identified with several sites in the region, including Chandraketugarh and Wari-Bateshwar.^[23]

Magadha dynasties of Bengal

Expansion of Magadha dynasties and empires.

Brihadratha dynasty (c. 1700–682 BCE)

Rulers-

List of Brihadratha dynasty rulers
Ruler	Reign (BCE)
Brihadratha	– BCE
Jarasandha	– BCE
Sahadeva of Magadha	– BCE
Somadhi	1661–1603 BCE
Srutasravas	1603–1539 BCE
Ayutayus	1539–1503 BCE
Niramitra	1503–1463 BCE
Sukshatra	1463–1405 BCE
Brihatkarman	1405–1382 BCE
Senajit	1382–1332 BCE
Srutanjaya	1332–1292 BCE
Vipra	1292–1257 BCE
Suchi	1257–1199 BCE
Kshemya	1199–1171 BCE
Subrata	1171–1107 BCE
Dharma	1107–1043 BCE
Susuma	1043–970 BCE
Dridhasena	970–912 BCE
Sumati	912–879 BCE
Subala	879–857 BCE
Sunita	857–817 BCE
Satyajit	817–767 BCE
Viswajit	767–732 BCE
Ripunjaya	732–682 BCE

(Ripunjaya was the last ruler of dynasty, dethroned by Pradyota in 682 BCE)

Pradyota dynasty (c. 682–544 BCE)

Rulers-

List of Pradyota dynasty Rulers
Ruler	Reign (BCE)	Period
Pradyota Mahasena	682–659 BCE	23
Gopāla (Abdicated)	659 BCE	~1
Palaka	659–635 BCE	24
Aryaka	?	?
Visakhayupa	635–585 BCE	50
Ajaka	585–564 BCE	21
Varttivarddhana	564–544 BCE	20

(Varttivarddhana was the last ruler of the dynasty and was dethroned by Bimbisara in 544 BCE)

Haryanka dynasty (c. 544–413 BCE)

Rulers-

List of Haryanka dynasty rulers
Ruler	Reign (BCE)
Bimbisara	544–492 BCE
Ajatashatru	492–460 BCE
Udayin	460–444 BCE
Anirudha	444–440 BCE
Munda	440–437 BCE
Darshaka	437 BCE
Nāgadāsaka	437–413 BCE

(Nāgadāsaka was the last ruler of the dynasty and was overthrown by Shishunaga in 413 BCE)

Shishunaga dynasty (c. 413–345 BCE)

Rulers-

List of Shishunga dynasty rulers
Ruler	Reign (BCE)
Shishunaga	413–395 BCE
Kalashoka	395–377 BCE
Kshemadharman	377–365 BCE
Kshatraujas	365–355 BCE
Nandivardhana	355–349 BCE
Mahanandin	349–345 BCE

(Mahanandin lost his empire to his illegitimate son Mahapadma Nanda in 345 BCE)

Nanda Empire (c. 345–322 BCE)

Rulers-

List of Nanda dynasty rulers
Ruler	Reign (BCE)
Mahapadma Nanda	345–340 BCE
Pandukananda	340–339 BCE
Pandugatinanda	339–338 BCE
Bhutapalananda	338–337 BCE
Rashtrapalananda	337–336 BCE
Govishanakananda	336–335 BCE
Dashasiddhakananda	335–334 BCE
Kaivartananda	334–329 BCE
Dhana Nanda	329–321 BCE

(Dhana Nanda lost his empire to Chandragupta Maurya after being defeated by him in 322 BCE)

Maurya Empire (c. 322–184 BCE)

Rulers-

Ruler	Reign	Notes
Chandragupta Maurya	322–297 BCE	He was the founder of the first united Indian empire.
Bindusara Amitraghata	297–273 BCE	Acknowledged by Taranatha, a Tibetan Buddhist Lama, for his foreign diplomacy, and territorial conquests. His Sanskrit name "Amitraghata" means "Slayer of Enemies".
Ashoka	268–232 BCE	He was the greatest emperor of the dynasty. His son Kunala was blinded and passed away before him. Ashoka was succeeded by his grandson Samprati. He is also known for emerging victorious in the Kalinga war and repenting the sorrow and violence he had caused, leading to him turning to Buddhism. He sent his eldest son Mahendra (according to Sri Lankan traditions) and his only daughter Sanghamitra (also according to Sri Lankan traditions) to the Kingdom of Anuradhapura as Buddhist missionaries.
Dasharatha Maurya	232–224 BCE	Brother of Ashoka.
Samprati	224–215 BCE	Grandson of Ashoka and son of Kunala.
Shalishuka	215–202 BCE	Son of Samprati
Devavarman	202–195 BCE	Son of Shalishuka
Shatadhanvan	195–187 BCE	The Mauryan Empire had diminished by the time of his reign.
Brihadratha	187–184 BCE	Assassinated by his Commander-in-chief Pushyamitra Shunga belonging to the Shunga Empire in 185 BCE.

(Brihadratha was the last ruler of dynasty, dethroned by Pushyamitra Shunga in 185 BCE)

Shunga Empire (c. 185–73 BCE)

Rulers-

List of Shunga dynasty rulers
Ruler	Reign (BCE)
Pushyamitra Shunga	185–149 BCE
Agnimitra	149–141 BCE
Vasujyeshtha	141–131 BCE
Vasumitra	131–124 BCE
Bhadraka	124–122 BCE
Pulindaka	122–119 BCE
Ghosha	119–108 BCE
Vajramitra	108–94 BCE
Bhagabhadra	94–83 BCE
Devabhuti	83–73 BCE

(Devabhuti was the last ruler of the dynasty dethroned by Vasudeva Kanva in 73 BCE)

Kanva dynasty (c. 73–28 BCE)

Rulers-

List of Kanava dynasty rulers
Ruler	Reign	Period
Vasudeva Kanva	73–64 BCE	9
Bhumimitra	64–50 BCE	14
Narayana	50–38 BCE	12
Susarman	38–28 BCE	10

(Susarman was the last ruler of dynasty, dethroned by Simuka of the Satavahana Empire)

Classical Era

Chandra dynasty (c. 202–1050 CE)

The Chandra Kingdom, which ruled the Vanga-Samatata region of Bengal, as well as northern Arakan. Later it was a neighbour to the Pala Empire to the north. Rulers of the Chandra kingdom were followers of Hinduism.^[24]^[25]

Rulers-

List of Chandra dynasty Rulers
#	King	Period	Reign (CE)
1	Chandrodaya	27	202–229
2	Annaveta	5	229–234
3	Chandranveta	77	234–311
4	Rimbhiappa	23	311–334
5	Kuverami (Queen)	7	334–341
6	Umavira	20	341–361
7	Jugna	7	361–368
8	Lanki	2	368–370
9	Dvenchandra	55	370–425
10	Rajachandra	20	425–445
11	Kalachandra	9	445–454
12	Devachandra	22	454–476
13	Yajnachandra	7	476–483
14	Chandrabandu	6	483–489
15	Bhumichandra	7	489–496
16	Bhutichandra	24	496–520
17	Nitichandra	55	520–575
18	Virachandra	3	575–578
19	Pritichandra	12	578–590
20	Prithvichandra	7	590–597
21	Dhirtichandra	3	597–600
22	Mahavira	12	600–612
23	Virayajap	12	612–624
24	Sevinren	12	624–636
25	Dharmasura	13	636–649
26	Vajrashakti	16	649–665
27	Dharmavijaya	36	665–701
28	Narendravijaya	2 yr 9 months	701–703
29	Dharmachandra	16	703–720
30	Anandachandra	9+	720–729+
Harikela dynasty
1	Traillokyachandra	30	900–930
2	Srichandra	45	930–975
3	Kalyanachandra	25	975–1000
4	Ladahachandra	20	1000–1020
5	Govindachandra	30	1020–1050

Pushkarana Kingdom (c. 4th century CE)

Simhavarman
Chandravarman

Gupta Empire (c. 240–550 CE)

Rulers-

Sri-Gupta I (240–280), the founder of the dynasty.
Ghatotkacha (280–319)
Chandra Gupta I (320–335)
Samudra Gupta (335–380)
Rama Gupta (6 Months)
Chandra Gupta II (Chandragupta Vikramaditya) (380–413/415)
Kumara Gupta I (415–455)
Skanda Gupta (455–467)
Puru Gupta(467–473)
Kumara Gupta II (473–476)
Buddha Gupta (476–495)
Narasimha Gupta(495–540)
Vainyagupta (~507)
Kumara Gupta III (500–540)
Vishnugupta (540–550), the last imperial Gupta ruler.

Independent Vanga Kingdom (c. 525–575 CE)

Gopachandra
Dharmadiya
Samachardeva

Jaintia kingdom (c. 525–1835 CE)

Old dynasty rulers

Urmi Rani (?–550)
Krishak Pator (550–570)
Hatak (570–600)
Guhak (600–630)

Partitioned Jaintia rulers

Jayanta (630–660)
Joymalla (660–?)
Mahabal (?)
Bancharu (?–1100)
Kamadeva (1100–1120)
Bhimbal (1120)

Brahmin dynasty rulers

Kedareshwar Rai (1120–1130)
Dhaneshwar Rai (1130–1150)
Kandarpa Rai (1150–1170)
Manik Rai (1170–1193)
Jayanta Rai (1193–1210)
Jayanti Devi
Bara Gossain

New dynasty rulers

Prabhat Ray Syiem Sutnga (1500–1516)
Majha Gosain Syiem Sutnga (1516–1532)
Burha Parbat Ray Syiem Sutnga (1532–1548)
Bar Gosain Syiem Sutnga I (1548–1564)
Bijay Manik Syiem Sutnga (1564–1580)
Pratap Ray Syiem Sutnga (1580–1596)
Dhan Manik Syiem Sutnga (1596–1612)
Jasa Manik Syiem Sutnga (1612–1625)
Sundar Ray Syiem Sutnga (1625–1636)
Chota Parbat Ray Syiem Sutnga (1636–1647)
Jasamanta Ray Syiem Sutnga (1647–1660)
Ban Singh Syiem Sutnga (1660–1669)
Pratap Singh Syiem Sutnga (1669–1678)
Lakshmi Narayan Syiem Sutnga (1678–1694)
Ram Singh Syiem Sutnga I (1694–1708)
Jay Narayan Syiem Sutnga (1708–1731)
Bar Gosain Syiem Sutnga II (1731–1770)
Chattra Singh Syiem Sutnga (1770–1780)
Yatra Narayan Syiem Sutnga (1780-1785)
Bijay Narayan Syiem Sutnga (1785–1786)
Lakshmi Singh Syiem Sutnga (1786-1790)
Ram Singh Syiem Sutnga II (1790–1832)
Rajendra Singh Syiem Sutnga (1832–1835)^[26]^[27]

Gauda kingdom (c. 550–626 CE)

Rulers-

Early Gauda rulers are unknown
Shashanka (590–625), the first recorded independent Hindu king of Bengal, who created the first unified polity in Bengal.
Manava (625–626), ruled for 8 months before being defeated by Harshavardana and Bhaskarvarmana in 626 CE.

Pushyabhuti (Vardhana) Empire (c. 606–647 CE)

Rulers of Bengal-

Harshavardhana (606–647), unified Northern India and ruled it for over 40 years. he was the last non-Muslim emperor to rule a unified Northern India

Khadga dynasty (c. 625–730 CE)

Titular Name	Reign	Notes
Khadgodyama (খড়্গোদ্যম)	625–640	Father of Jatakhadga
Jatakhadga (জাতখড়্গ)	640–658	Father of Devakhadga
Devakhadga (দেবখড়্গ)	658–673	Queen Prabhavati (প্রভাবতী)
Rajabhatta (রাজভট্ট)	673–707	Son of Devakhadga
Balabhatta (বলভট্ট)	707–716	Son of Devakhadga
Udirnakhadga (উদীর্ণখড়্গ)	??

Rulers

Bhadra dynasty (6th to 7th century)

The Bhadra dynasty was a Bengali Hindu royal house of Brahmin origin; their rule flourished during the first half of the 7th century, though little is known about their history. The kings of the dynasty bore names with the suffix "Bhadra".

Known rulers are-

Narayanabhadra
Jyeshthabhadra

Mallabhum kingdom (c. 694–1147 CE)

Rulers-

Name of the king^[28]^[29]	Reign	Notes
Adi Malla	694–710
Jay Malla	710–720
Benu Malla	720–733
Kinu Malla	733–742
Indra Malla	742–757
Kanu Malla	757–764
Dha (Jhau) Malla	764–775
Shur Malla	775–795
Kanak Malla	795–807
Kandarpa Malla	807–828
Sanatan Malla	828–841
Kharga Malla	841–862
Durjan (Durjay) Malla	862–906
Yadav Malla	906–919
Jagannath Malla	919–931
Birat Malla	931–946
Mahadev Malla	946–977
Durgadas Malla	977–994
Jagat Malla	994–1007
Ananta Malla	1007–1015
Rup Malla	1015–1029
Sundar Malla	1029–1053
Kumud Malla	1053–1074
Krishna Malla	1074–1084
Rup II (Jhap) Malla	1084–1097
Prakash Malla	1097–1102
Pratap Malla	1102–1113
Sindur Malla	1113–1129
Sukhomoy(Shuk) Malla	1129–1142
Banamali Malla	1142–1156
Yadu/Jadu Malla	1156–1167
Jiban Malla	1167–1185
Ram Malla	1185–1209
Gobinda Malla	1209–1240
Bhim Malla	1240–1263
Katar(Khattar) Malla	1263–1295
Prithwi Malla	1295 -1319
Tapa Malla	1319–1334
Dinabandhu Malla	1334–1345
Kinu/Kanu II Malla	1345–1358
Shur Malla II	1358–1370
Shiv Singh Malla	1370–1407
Madan Malla	1407–1420
Durjan II (Durjay) Malla	1420–1437
Uday Malla	1437–1460
Chandra Malla	1460–1501
Bir Malla	1501–1554
Dhari Malla	1554–1565
Hambir Malla Dev (Bir Hambir)	1565–1620
Dhari Hambir Malla Dev	1620–1626
Raghunath Singha Dev	1626–1656
Bir Singha Dev	1656–1682
Durjan Singha Dev	1682–1702
Raghunath Singha Dev II	1702–1712
Gopal Singha Dev	1712–1748
Chaitanya Singha Dev	1748–1801
Madhav Singha Dev	1801–1809
Gopal Singha Dev II	1809–1876
Ramkrishna Singha Dev	1876–1885
Dwhaja Moni Devi	1885–1889
Nilmoni Singha Dev	1889–1903
Churamoni Devi (Regency)	1903–1930
Kalipada Singha Thakur	1930–1947

Post-Classical era

Pala Empire (c. 750–1161 CE)

Most of the Pala inscriptions mention only the regnal year as the date of issue, without any well-known calendar era. Because of this, the chronology of the Pala kings is hard to determine.^[30] Based on their different interpretations of the various epigraphs and historical records, different historians estimate the Pala chronology as follows:^[31]

	RC Majumdar (1971)	AM Chowdhury (1967)	BP Sinha (1977)^{[failed verification]}	DC Sircar (1975–76)	D. K. Ganguly (1994)
Gopala I	750–770	756–781	755–783	750–775	750–774
Dharmapala	770–810	781–821	783–820	775–812	774–806
Devapala	810–c. 850	821–861	820–860	812–850	806–845
Mahendrapala	NA (Mahendrapala's existence was conclusively established through a copper-plate charter discovered later.)				845–860
Shurapala I	Deemed to be alternate name of Vigrahapala I			850–858	860–872
Gopala II	NA (copper-plate charter discovered in 1995. Text of inscription published in 2009.)
Vigrahapala I	850–853	861–866	860–865	858–60	872–873
Narayanapala	854–908	866–920	865–920	860–917	873–927
Rajyapala	908–940	920–952	920–952	917–952	927–959
Gopala III	940–957	952–969	952–967	952–972	959–976
Vigrahapala II	960–c. 986	969–995	967–980	972–977	976–977
Mahipala I	988–c. 1036	995–1043	980–1035	977–1027	977–1027
Nayapala	1038–1053	1043–1058	1035–1050	1027–1043	1027–1043
Vigrahapala III	1054–1072	1058–1075	1050–1076	1043–1070	1043–1070
Mahipala II	1072–1075	1075–1080	1076–1078/9	1070–1071	1070–1071
Shurapala II	1075–1077	1080–1082	1076–1078/9	1071–1072	1071–1072
Ramapala	1077–1130	1082–1124	1078/9–1132	1072–1126	1072–1126
Kumarapala	1130–1140	1124–1129	1132–1136	1126–1128	1126–1128
Gopala IV	1140–1144	1129–1143	1136–1144	1128–1143	1128–1143
Madanapala	1144–1162	1143–1162	1144–1161/62	1143–1161	1143–1161
Govindapala	1158–1162	NA	1162–1176 or 1158–1162	1161–1165	1161–1165
Palapala	NA	NA	NA	1165–1199	1165–1200

Sena dynasty (c. 1070–1230 CE)

The Sena dynasty ruled southwestern Bengal from 1070 and ruled East Bengal until 1230. Vijaya Sena conquered the entirety of Bengal by 1154 CE.

Rulers-

Hemanta Sena (1070–1096)
Vijaya Sena (1096–1159)
Ballala Sena (1159–1179)
Lakshmana Sena (1179–1206)
Vishvarupa Sena (1206–1225)
Keshava Sena (1225–1230)

Deva dynasty (c. 1150–1294 CE)

List of rulers is disputed-

Purushottamadeva
Madhusudanadeva
Vasudeva
Shantideva
Viradeva
Anandadeva
Bhavadeva
Damodaradeva (1231–1243)
Dasharathadeva (1243–1281)
Vikramadityadeva (1281–1294)

Delhi Sultanate, Ghurid Empire period

Khalji dynasty

The Khalji dynasty of Bengal (c. 1204-27) were initially representatives of the Ghurid Empire, later becoming independent, although at times being subordinate to the Delhi Sultanate.

Name	Reign	Notes
Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji	c. 1204–1206	Began the Khalji dynasty in Bengal, established Devkot and Lakhnauti as capital, assassinated by Ali Mardan Khalji who briefly took power before being ousted by Shiran Khalji.
Muhammad Shiran Khalji	1206–1208	Comrade of Bakhtiyar Khalji. Lost the power struggle with Ali Mardan, and fled to East Bengal where he died.
Husamuddin Iwaz Khalji	1208–1210	Assumed the throne, but soon acknowledged Ali Mardan as sovereign when he returned from Delhi with an army given by Qutbuddin Aybek.
Ali Mardan Khalji	1210–1212	Soon after ascension went mad. Deposed by Iwaz.
Husamuddin Iwaz Khalji as Ghiyasuddin Iwaz Shah	1212–1227	Second term, built mosques and flood embankments. Known as a just and powerful ruler. Killed for rebelling against Sultan of Delhi Iltutmish
Alauddin Daulat Shah Khalji	1229–1230^[32]
Balka Khalji	1230–1231	Grandson of Husamuddin Iwaz Khalji. Last Khalji ruler, deposed and executed by Iltutmish, Bengal annexed to Delhi sultanate

Delhi Sultanate

Governors of Bengal under Mamluk dynasty (1227–1287)

Governors of Bengal under the Mamluk dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate-

Name	Reign	Notes
Nasiruddin Mahmud	1227–1229	Appointed by his father Sultan Iltutmish of Delhi.
Alauddin Jani	1232–1233
Saifuddin Aibak	1233–1236
Awar Khan Aibak	1236
Tughral Tughan Khan	1236–1246	Restored Mamluk governor
Tughlaq Tamar Khan	1246–1247
Jalaluddin Masud Jani	1247–1251
Malik Ikhtiyaruddin Iuzbak	1251–1257	Claimed independence.
Ijjauddin Balban Iuzbaki	1257–1259
Tatar Khan	1259–1268	Claimed independence.
Sher Khan	1268–1272
Amin Khan	1272
Tughral Tughan Khan	1272–1281	Second term as Mughisuddin Tughral
Nasiruddin Bughra Khan	1281–1287	Second son of the sultan of Delhi, Ghiyasuddin Balban. Declared independence and founded the Balban dynasty

House of Balban

The House of Balban (c. 1287–1324) came about as a result of Mamluk governor Nasiruddin Bughra Khan declaring independence.

Name	Reign	Notes
Nasiruddin Bughra Khan	1287–1291	Declared independence from Delhi Sultanate. Father of the then sultan of Delhi, Kaiqubad.
Rukunuddin Kaikaus	1291–1300	Second son of Bughra Khan. First Muslim ruler to conquer Satgaon kingdom, expanding Lakhnauti.
Shamsuddin Firoz Shah	1300–1322	Either a relative or an advisor of Ruknuddin Kaikaus, ascended the throne in probable absence of an heir, ruled jointly with six adult sons. First Muslim ruler to conquer Sonargaon, Mymensingh and Srihatta. Completed Kaikaus' Conquest of Satgaon.
Ghiyasuddin Bahadur Shah	1322–1324	Son of Firoz Shah. Lost independence of Bengal to Delhi Sultan Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq.

Governors of Bengal under Tughlaq dynasty (1324–1338)

Name	Region	Reign	Notes
Ghiyasuddin Bahadur Shah	Sonargaon	1324–1328	Appointed as governor by Sultan of Delhi Muhammad bin Tughluq, but later declared independence
Bahram Khan	Satgaon	1324–1328
Izzuddin Yahya	Satgaon	1328–1338
Bahram Khan	Sonargaon	1328–1338
Qadar Khan	Lakhnauti	1324–1340

Bengal Sultanate era

Rulers of Sonargaon, Satgaon and Lakhnauti (1338–1352)

Name	Region	Reign	Notes
Fakhruddin Mubarak Shah	Sonargaon	1338–1349	First independent ruler of Sonargaon and the Founder of Mubarak shahi dynasty
Ikhtiyaruddin Ghazi Shah the last Sultan of mubarak shahi dynasty	Sonargaon	1349–1352
Ilyas Shah	Satgaon	1339–1342
Alauddin Ali Shah	Lakhnauti	1339–1342
Ilyas Shah	Lakhnauti and Satgaon	1342–1352

Sultanate of Bengal (1352–1576)

Ilyas Shahi dynasty (1352–1414)

Name	Reign	Notes
Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah	1352–1358	Became the first sole ruler of the entirety of Bengal, comprising Sonargaon, Satgaon and Lakhnauti. Raided Nepal, defeated Orissa and Assam, defended Bengal against invaders from Delhi Sultanate.
Sikandar Shah	1358–1390	Oldest son of Ilyas Shah and his wife Phulwara Begum. Repelled invasion from Delhi under Firuz Shah Tughlaq. Killed in battle with his son and successor, Ghiyasuddin Azam Shah
Ghiyasuddin Azam Shah	1390–1411	Son of Sikandar Shah. Known for his justice and contribution to literature. His reign marks the high point of Ilyas Shahi dynasty.
Saifuddin Hamza Shah	1411–1412	Son of Ghiyasuddin Azam Shah. Succeeded his father, but was assassinated.
Nasiruddin Muhammad Shah bin Hamza Shah	1413	His coins were minted from Muazzamabad. Noman Nasir theorizes, based on numismatic evidence, that he was a son of Hamza Shah.^[33] Assassinated by either his half-brother or his father's slave, Shihabuddin Bayazid Shah on the orders of the landlord of Dinajpur, Raja Ganesha.
Shihabuddin Bayazid Shah	1412–1414	Either a son or a slave of Saifuddin Hamza Shah.
Alauddin Firuz Shah I	1414–1416	Infant son of Shihabuddin Bayazid Shah, while Raja Ganesh ruled the kingdom as regent. Soon deposed in favor of Raja Ganesh.

In 2009 a coin of a ruler named Nasiruddin Ibrahim Shah was found in Bangladesh, which was struck in 818 AH (around 1416 CE). It is possible he was a claimant to the throne. Undated coin of another ruler called Siraj-al Din Sikandar Shah was found in southwestern Bengal in 2014. MD. Sharif Islam theorizes that this Siraj-al Din is the same Siraj-al Din mentioned by Riyaz As Salatin, who was a judge serving under Ghiyasuddin Azam Shah.^[34]

House of Raja Ganesha (1414–1435)

Name	Reign	Notes
Raja Ganesha	1414–1415	Jamindar of Bhaturia. Was immensely powerful during the last days of the Ilyas Shahis-at first ruled by keeping Alauddin Firuz Shah as a puppet. Abdicated in fear of a Jaunpuri invasion and converted his son to Islam.
Jalaluddin Muhammad Shah	1415–1416	Son of Raja Ganesha and converted into Islam. His father ruled behind the scenes till saint Nur Qutb-i-Alam's death.
Raja Ganesha	1416–1418	Second Phase. After the saint's death deposed his son, reconverted him to Hinduism and reascended the throne taking the name Danujamardanadeva.
Jalaluddin Muhammad Shah	1418–1433	Second Phase. After his father's death he ascended the throne, reconverting to Islam. Persecuted Hindus. An able ruler, he conquered and vassalized Arakan, established diplomatic relations with Kashmir, the Timurids and China.
Shamsuddin Ahmad Shah	1433–1435	Son of Jalaluddin Muhammad Shah, ascended the throne at 14. Was assassinated by his slave Nasir Khan and Shadi Khan.

Two ephemeral rulers: Qutbuddin Azam Shah and Ghiyasuddin Nusrat Shah ruled Eastern Bengal for a brief period and struck coins from Muazzamabad (modern Sonargaon) in AH 837 (1434 CE). Siraj-al Din Sikandar Shah is only known from his undated coins, it is possible he belongs to this time period. It is not known if any of them were related to Shamsuddin Ahmad Shah or the Ilyas Shahis.^[35]

Restored Ilyas Shahi dynasty (1435–1487)

Name	Reign	Notes
Nasiruddin Mahmud Shah	1435–1459	A descendant of Ilyas Shahis. Ascended the throne after putting Nasir Khan and Shadi Khan to death. Ruled over a prosperous state and constructed mosques and palaces throughout Bengal. The oldest building in Dhaka dates from his reign.
Rukunuddin Barbak Shah	1459–1474	Oldest son of Mahmud Shah. An energetic ruler, defeated Kapilendra Deva of Orissa and raided Kamtapur, Bihar and Tripura, resulting in an all-round expansion of Bengal.
Shamsuddin Yusuf Shah	1474–1481	Son of Barbak Shah. Well-known for his justice.
Nuruddin Sikandar Shah	1481	Son of Mahmud Shah, succeeded his nephew but was soon deposed in favor of his brother, Fateh.
Jalaluddin Fateh Shah	1481–1487	Son of Mahmud Shah. Tried to reign in the Habshis, who were becoming powerful and had started to interfere in royal affairs. Assassinated by his Habshi slave, Shahzada Barbak.

Habshi dynasty (1487–1494)

Name	Reign	Notes
Shahzada Barbak	1487
Saifuddin Firuz Shah	1487–1489
Mahmud Shah II	1489–1490
Shamsuddin Muzaffar Shah	1490–1494

Hussain Shahi dynasty (1494–1538)

Name	Reign	Notes
Alauddin Hussain Shah	1494–1518	Considered to be one of the greatest rulers in Bengali history for military expansion, economic prosperity and cultural renaissance during his reign. Conquered and annexed Kamtapur, Kamrup, Chittagong and parts of Arakan, Jaunpur and Tripura, defeated Orissa and Ahoms.
Nasiruddin Nasrat Shah	1518–1533	Son of Alauddin Hussain Shah. A capable ruler, annexed Mithila (Northern Bihar and parts of Nepal) in 1526. Had to contend with Babur at Ghaghra in 1529, defended Bengal from Mughal encroachment. Assassinated by a slave.
Alauddin Firuz Shah	1533	Son of Nasrat Shah. Deposed by his uncle Abdul Badr, later Ghiyasuddin Mahmud Shah.
Ghiyasuddin Mahmud Shah	1533–1538	Son of Alauddin Hussain Shah, uncle to Alauddin Firuz Shah. His reckless and brash behavior angered allies and foes alike, and he was repeatedly defeated by Sher Shah. Finally deposed by Mughal Emperor Humayun in 1538.

Governors of Bengal under Sur Empire (1532–1556)

Name	Reign	Notes
Sher Shah Suri	1532–1538	Defeated Mughals and became the ruler of Delhi in 1540.
Khidr Khan	1538–1541	A son-in-law to Ghiyasuddin Mahmud Shah. Soon deposed by Sher Shah.
Qazi Fazilat	1541–1545
Muhammad Khan Sur	1545–1554	A cousin to Sher Shah.
Shahbaz Khan	1555

Restoration of Bengal Sultanate (1554–1576)

Muhammad Shah dynasty (1554–1564)

Name	Reign	Notes
Muhammad Khan Sur	1554–1555	Declared independence and styled himself as Shamsuddin Muhammad Shah
Khizr Khan Suri	1555–1561
Ghiyasuddin Jalal Shah	1561–1563
Ghiyasuddin Bahadur Shah III	1563–1564^[36]

Karrani dynasty (1564–1576)

Name	Reign	Notes
Taj Khan Karrani	1564–1566
Sulaiman Khan Karrani	1566–1572
Bayazid Khan Karrani	1572
Daud Khan Karrani	1572–1576

Baro Bhuyan

Isa Khan
Masum khan
Musa khan
Fazal Ghazi
Bahadur Ghazi
Khwaja Usman Khan Lohani
Bayezid Karrani
Pratapaditya
Bir Hambir
Kedar Roy
Chad Ray
Mukundaram Roy

Mughal Empire Era

Mughal Emperors of Bengal


Name	Notes
Emperor by name only
Babur	First Mughal Emperor
Humayun
Independent
Akbar	First Mughal Emperor who conquered Bengal by defeating Sultan Daud Khan Karrani
Jahangir	First Mughal Emperor who ruled Bengal independently.
Shah Jahan
Aurangzeb	Last independent Mughal Emperor of Bengal who ruled in Bengal independently.
Puppet Ruler
Azam Shah	After the demise of Aurangzeb, the Mughal Empire became weak and Mughal emperors stayed as rulers in name only.
Bahadur Shah I
Jahandar Shah
Farrukhsiyar	Last Mughal Emperor of Bengal. Under Farrukhsiyar, Murshid Quli became the Nawab of Bengal in 1717 and Bengal became an Independent state.

Mughal Subahdars of Bengal Subah (1574–1717)

During the reign of Akbar

Name	Reign	Notes
Munim Khan	25 September 1574 – 23 October 1575	Khan-i-Khanan
Hussain Quli Khan	23 October 1575 – 19 December 1578
Muzaffar Khan Turbati	1579–1582
Mirza Aziz Koka	1582–1583
Wazir Khan Tajik	1583
Shahbaz Khan Kamboh	1583–1585
Sadiq Khan	1585–1586
Shahbaz Khan Kamboh	1586–1588
Sa'id Khan	1588–1594
Raja Man Singh I	1597 – 1606

During the reign of Jahangir

Name	Reign	Notes
Qutubuddin Koka	2 Sep 1606 – 1607	Killed in a battle against Sher Afghan. (Local history of Burdwan, West Bengal, India says that Qutub-ud-din Kokah died in a battle against Ali Quli Istajlu alias Sher Afgan in 1610 CE. The tombs where both of them were laid to rest are presently under the surveillance of Archaeological Survey of India.)
Jahangir Quli Beg	1607–1608	In early life, a slave of Akbar's brother, Mirza Muhammad Hakim
Islam Khan Chishti	1608–1613	first governor to transfer the Bengal capital to Dhaka in 1610. An extremely capable governor, he finally subjugated the Bara Bhuiyans, annexed Jashore, Sylhet, Bhulua, Bakla (Barishal), Kamtapur, Koch Hajo and parts of Tripura, establishing Mughal control over the whole of Bengal and Kamrup. Mirza Nathan's memoir Baharistan-i-Ghaybi discusses his tenure in detail.
Qasim Khan Chishti	1613–1617	Younger brother of Islam Khan Chishti. Defeated by Arakan in 1616, soon recalled by the court.
Ibrahim Khan Fath-i-Jang	1617–1624	Brother-in-law of Islam Khan I and Qasim Khan Chisti and brother of Empress Nurjahan. Annexed parts of Tripura and Kamrup. Died in an attack by Prince Shahjahan
Darab Khan	1624–1625	Killed by Mahabbat Khan.
Mahabat Khan	1625–1626
Mukarram Khan	1626–1627	Nephew and son-in-law of Islam Khan Chisti. Was a military officer in Bengal during Islam Khan's tenure. Drowned in a river.
Fidai Khan	1627–1628

During the reign of Shah Jahan

Name	Reign	Notes
Qasim Khan Juvayni	1628–1632	Brother-in-law of Emperor Shah Jahan. Defeated the Portuguese in Hughly in 1632.
Mir Muhammad Baqir	1632–1635	Known as Azam Khan
Mir Abdus Salam	1635–1639	Known as Islam Khan Mashadi. Decisively defeated the Ahoms and conquered Koch Bihar. Due to his achievements the emperor recalled him to the court to make him the Prime Minister (Wazir-i-Azam) of the Mughal Empire.
Prince Shah Shuja	1639–1647 again 1652–1660	Second son of the Emperor. Ably ruled Bengal for a long time, put an end to the Portuguese and Magh piracy. Defeated and deposed by his brother And new Emperor, Aurangzeb.

During the reign of Aurangzeb

Name	Reign	Notes
Mir Jumla II	1660–1663	Defeated Shah Shujaat in battle. Defeated and annexed rebellious Kuch Bihar for a time, defeated the Assamese in battle and took Guwahati but died while returning back to Dhaka.
Shaista Khan	1664–1678	Uncle to Aurangzeb, First governorship. The legendary governor, to this day his rule is remembered as a time of proverbial prosperity for Bengal. Finally defeated Arakan and annexed Chittagong fland up to Kaladan river in 1666. Lalbagh fort in Dhaka was built during his tenure.
Azam Khan Koka	1678	Known as Fidai Khan II
Prince Muhammad Azam	20 July 1678 – 6 October 1679^[37]
Shaista Khan	1680–1688	Second phase. Annexed some parts of Kuch Bihar.
Ibrahim Khan II	1689–1697
Prince Azim-us-Shan	1697–1712	Grandson of the Emperor. His son, Farrukhsiyar served as deputy governor during his rule.

Medieval dynasties of Bengal (Autonomy Rulers Under Sultans, Mughals & Nawabs)

Koch dynasty (c. 1515–1949 CE)

Rulers of undivided Koch dynasty (c. 1515–1586 CE)

Biswa Singha (1515–1540 CE)
Nara Narayan (1540–1586 CE)

Rulers of Koch Behar (c. 1586 – 1949)

Lakshmi Narayan
Bir Narayan
Pran Narayan
Basudev Narayan
Mahindra Narayan
Roop Narayan
Upendra Narayan
Devendra Narayan
Dhairjendra Narayan
Rajendra Narayan
Dharendra Narayan
Harendra Narayan
Shivendra Narayan
Narendra Narayan
Nripendra Narayan
Rajendra Narayan II
Jitendra Narayan (father of Gayatri Devi)
Jagaddipendra Narayan (ruled till 1949)^[38]

Kingdom of Bhurshut (c. 16th–18th century)

Maharaja Shivanarayan
Maharaja Rudranarayan, Maharaja (16th century)
Bhavashankari, Maharani (16th century)
Pratapnarayan, Maharaja (17th century)
Naranarayan, Maharaja (17th century)
Lakshminarayan, Maharaja (c. 1695–1712)

Maharaja of Lower Bengal region

Known rulers are-

Raja Sitaram Ray (1688–1714 CE)

Maharaja of Bhawal region

Rulers of Gazipur and Madhupur forest are in central Bangladesh.

Kingdom of Tripura

Kingdom of Assam & North East

Nawabs of Bengal

Independent Nawabs of Bengal (1717–1757 CE)

Portrait	Titular Name	Personal Name	Birth	Reign	Death
Nasiri Dynasty
	Ala ud-Daula	Murshid Quli Jafar Khan	1665	1717– 1727	30 June 1727
	Mirza Asadullah	Sarfaraz Khan Bahadur	?	1727	April 1740
	Shuja ud-Daula	Shuja-ud-Din Muhammad Khan	1670	July 1727 – 26 August 1739	26 August 1739
	Mirza Asadullah	Sarfaraz Khan Bahadur	?	13 March 1739 – April 1740	April 1740
Afshar Dynasty
	Husam ud-Daula	Muhammad Alivardi Khan Bahadur	10 May 1671	29 April 1740 – 16 April 1756	16 April 1756
	Siraj ud-Daulah	Mîrzâ Muhammad Sirâj-ud-Daulah	1733	April 1756 – 2 June 1757	June 1757

Shamsher Gazi's Kingdom

Reinterpreted fort of Shamsher Ghazi at a resort in Southern Chhagalnaiya.

The advent of the British East India Company with its "exploitation and oppression" alongside zamindari subjugation, made life of the peasants and farmers difficult and despondent. Shamsher Gazi's efficient rule freed them of this control. With the granting of rent exemption to the peasants, he managed to govern the economy in an appropriate manner, leading to the reduction of the prices of essential commodities.^[39] He was generous to both the Hindus and Muslims. He had ponds dug, naming them after himself, and built many schools in and outside his capital Jagannath Sonapur.^[40] 'Kaiyar Sagar' was one of the larger ponds in the area.^[41]

Nawabs of Bengal under East India Company (1757–1881 CE)

Portrait	Titular Name	Personal Name	Birth	Reign	Death
Najafi Dynasty
	Ja'afar 'Ali Khan Bahadur	Mir Muhammed Jafar Ali Khan	1691	June 1757 – October 1760	17 January 1765
	Itimad ud-Daulah	Mir Kasim Ali Khan Bahadur	?	1760–1763	1777
	Ja'afar 'Ali Khan Bahadur	Mir Muhammed Jafar Ali Khan	1691	25 July 1763 – 17 January 1765	17 January 1765
	Nazam-ud-Daulah	Najimuddin Ali Khan	1750	5 February 1765 – 8 May 1766	8 May 1766
	Saif ud-Daulah	Najabut Ali Khan	1749	22 May 1766 – 10 March 1770	10 March 1770
		Ashraf Ali Khan	Before 1759	10 March 1770 – 24 March 1770	24 March 1770
	Mubarak ud-Daulah	Mubarak Ali Khan	1759	21 March 1770 – 6 September 1793	6 September 1793
	Azud ud-Daulah	Babar Ali Khan Bahadur	?	1793 – 28 April 1810	28 April 1810
	Ali Jah	Zain-ud-Din Ali Khan	?	5 June 1810 – 6 August 1821	6 August 1821
	Walla Jah	Ahmad Ali Khan	?	1810 – 30 October 1824	30 October 1824
	Humayun Jah	Mubarak Ali Khan II	29 September 1810	1824 – 3 October 1838	3 October 1838
	Feradun Jah	Mansur Ali Khan	29 October 1830	29 October 1838 –1881 (abdicated)	5 November 1884

Nawabs of Murshidabad

Picture	Titular Name	Personal Name	Birth	Reign	Death
Najafi Dynasty
	Ali Kadir	Syed Hassan Ali Mirza Khan Bahadur	25 August 1846	17 February 1882 – 25 December 1906	25 December 1906^[42]
	Amir ul-Omrah	Syed Wasif Ali Mirza Khan Bahadur	7 January 1875	December 1906 – 23 October 1959	23 October 1959^[43]
	Raes ud-Daulah	Syed Waris Ali Mirza Khan Bahadur	14 November 1901	23 October 1959 – 20 November 1969	20 November 1969^[44]
N/A	N/A	Disputed/In abeyance^[45]^[46]	N/A	20 November 1969 – 13 August 2014	N/A
	N/A	Syed Mohammed Abbas Ali Mirza Khan Bahadur	Circa 1942	13 August 2014 – Incumbent (titular)^[45]^[46]	N/A

Bangalah Emirates

Badshah
Name	Reign
Titumir	1827–1831

East India Company governors, British Raj and Bengal Presidency Era in Bengal

Governors of British East India Company in Bengal (1757–1773)

Robert Clive 1757 – 1760
Henry Vansittart 1760 – 1764
Robert Clive (again) 1765 – 1766
Harry Verelst 1767 – 1769
John Cartier 1769 – 1772
Warren Hastings 1772 – 1773

As per the treaty of Allahabad in 1765, the British East India Company (BEIC) was given the right to collect revenue (Diwani right). From 1769, the company collected revenue from Bengal.

Governors-General of British East India Company in Bengal – Dual government (1773–1793)

Following the Regulating Act 1773, the Governor of Bengal was officially called Governor-General of Fort William.

Warren Hastings 1773 – 1785
Charles Cornwallis 1786 – 1793

Governors-General of British East India Company in Bengal (1793–1833)

In 1793, the British East India Company abolished Nizamat, i.e. local rule by Mughal emperor- appointed Nawabs and annexed Bengal.

Sir John Shore 1793 – 1798
Richard Wellesley 1798 – 1805
Charles Cornwallis 1805 – 1805
Sir George Barlow, 1st Baronet 1805 – 1807
Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 1st Earl of Minto 1807 – 1813
Francis Rawdon-Hastings, 1st Marquess of Hastings 1813 – 1823
John Adam 1823 – 1823
William Amherst, 1st Earl Amherst 1823 – 1828
William Butterworth Bayley 1828 – 1828
Lord William Bentinck 1828 – 1833

Governor-Generals of British East India Company (1833–1858)

As per Charter Act 1833, the Governor-General of Bengal would be called Governor-General of India

Lord William Bentinck 1833 – 1835
Charles Metcalfe, 1st Baron Metcalfe 1835 – 1836
George Eden 1836 – 1842
Edward Law 1842 – 1844
William Bird 1844 – 1844
Henry Hardinge 1844 – 1848
James Broun-Ramsay 1848 – 1856
The Viscount Canning 1856 – 1858

British Raj era

With the establishment of the Empire of India in 1858, the position of Governor-General was replaced with Governor-General and Viceroy of India. Calcutta, the capital of Bengal also became the capital of India. As a result, the position of Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal was established to look after provincial matters.

Lieutenant-Governors (1858–1912)

Frederick James Halliday 1858–1859
John Grant 1859–1862
Sir Cecil Beadon 1862–1866
Sir William Grey 1866–1871
George Campbell 1871–1874
Sir Richard Temple 1874–1877
Sir Ashley Eden 1877–1879
Steuart Bayley 1879–1882
Sir Augustus Thompson 1882–1885
Horace Cockerell 1885–1887
Sir Steuart Bayley 1887–1890
Charles Eliott 1890–1893
Anthony MacDonnell 1893–1895
Alexander Mackenzie 1895–1897
Charles Cecil Stevens 1897–1898
Sir John Woodburn 1898–1902
James Bourdillon 1902–1903
Sir Andrew Fraser 1903–1905
Sir Andrew Fraser (Western Bengal); Sir Bampfylde Fuller (Eastern Bengal and Assam) 1905–1906
Francis Slacke (Western Bengal) 1906–1908; Lancelot Hare (Eastern Bengal and Assam) 1906–1911
Sir Edward Baker (Western Bengal) 1908–1911
Sir William Duke (Western Bengal); Sir Charles Stuart Bayley (Eastern Bengal and Assam) 1911–1912

Governors (1912–1947)

In late 1911, the Indian Government decided to move the capital to New Delhi. As a result, the Governorship of Bengal Presidency was now necessary.

Name	Took office	Left office
Thomas Gibson-Carmichael, 1st Baron Carmichael	1912	1917
Lawrence Dundas, Earl of Ronaldshay	1917	1922
Victor Bulwer-Lytton, 2nd Earl of Lytton	1922	1927
Sir Stanley Jackson	1927	1932
Sir John Anderson	1932	1937
Michael Knatchbull, 5th Baron Brabourne	1937	1938
Sir John Arthur Herbert	1939	1943
Richard Casey	1944	1946
Sir Frederick Burrows	1946	1947

Prime Minister of Bengal (1937–1947)

The Government of India Act 1935 introduced provincial autonomy in India and the position of Chief Minister or Premier of Bengal became very prominent.

Office holders

Writer's Building in Kolkata, the former seat of the Government of undivided Bengal

The mausoleum of Huq, Nazimuddin and Suhrawardy in Dhaka

No	Name	Portrait	Tenure			Party (coalition partner)	Assembly	Appointed by (Governor)
No	Name	Portrait	Took office	Left office^[47]	Term	Party (coalition partner)	Assembly	Appointed by (Governor)
1	Abul Kasem Fazlul Huq		1 April 1937	1 December 1941	4 years, 244 days	Krishak Praja Party (Muslim League)	1st Assembly (1937 election)	Sir John Anderson
1	Abul Kasem Fazlul Huq		12 December 1941	29 March 1943	1 year, 107 days	Krishak Praja Party (Hindu Mahasabha)		Sir John Arthur Herbert
2	Sir Khawaja Nazimuddin		29 April 1943	31 March 1945	1 year, 336 days	Muslim League		Sir John Arthur Herbert
-	Vacant (Governor's rule)		1 April 1945	22 April 1946	1 year, 21 days	N/A	Dissolved	-
3	Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy		23 April 1946	14 August 1947	1 year, 114 days	Muslim League	2nd Assembly (1946 election)	Sir Frederick Burrows

Subsequently, all three Bengali chief ministers moved to East Pakistan, where they continued to be influential statesmen. Nazimuddin and Suhrawardy became Prime Ministers of Pakistan, while Huq served as the chief minister and governor of East Pakistan.

After Independence of India and Pakistan

British colonial period ended when India and Pakistan became independent nations in 1947. Bengal fell into two parts – one in India, named West Bengal and the other part in Pakistan as East Bengal, later renamed to East Pakistan in 1955.

East Bengal (1947–1955)

Governors of East Bengal (1947–1955)

Political Party

Muslim League

Independent

Legend

Acting Governor

List of Governors of East Bengal
#	Portrait	Governor	Term of office			Political Party	Governor General/ President
#	Portrait	Governor	Term start	Term end	Time in office	Political Party	Governor General/ President
1		Sir Frederick Chalmers Bourne (1891-1977)	15 August 1947^[48]	5 April 1950^[48]^[49]	2 years, 233 days	Independent (British Administrator)	Muhammad Ali Jinnah Khawaja Nazimuddin
[-]		Justice A.S.M. Akram (Acting)^{[lower-roman 1]} (1888-1968)	16 March 1949^[50]	25 April 1949^[50]	40 days	Independent	Khawaja Nazimuddin
2		Sir Feroz Khan Noon (1893-1970)	5 April 1950^[51]^[52]	26 March 1953^[51]	2 years, 355 days	Muslim League	Khawaja Nazimuddin Malik Ghulam Muhammad
[-]		Abdur Rahman Siddiqui (Acting)^{[lower-roman 2]} (1887-1953)	25 July 1952^[53]	10 November 1952^[53]	108 days	Muslim League	Malik Ghulam Muhammad
3		Chaudhry Khaliquzzaman (1889-1973)	4 April 1953^[54]	30 May 1954^{[lower-roman 3]}^[54]	1 year, 56 days	Muslim League
4		Iskander Mirza (1899-1969)	30 May 1954^{[lower-roman 3]}^[55]	21 September 1954^[55]	114 days	Muslim League
[-]		Justice Sir Thomas Hobart Ellis (Acting)^{[lower-roman 4]} (1894-1981)	Appointment:^[56] 21 September 1954 Sworn in:^[56] 25 October 1954	22 December 1954^[56]	92 days	Independent
[-]		Justice Muhammad Shahabuddin (Acting)^{[lower-roman 5]} (1895-1971)	22 December 1954^[57]	14 June 1955^{[lower-roman 6]}^[57]	174 days	Independent
[-]		Justice Amiruddin Ahmad (Acting)^{[lower-roman 7]} (1895-1965)	14 June 1955^[58]	As Governor of East Bengal: 14 October 1955 As Governor of East Pakistan: 9 March 1956^[58]	As Governor of East Bengal: 122 days As Governor of Eastern Wing: 269 days	Independent	Malik Ghulam Muhammad Iskander Mirza

↑ A.S.M. Akram was appointed Acting Governor during the leave of absence of Sir Frederick Chalmers Bourne
↑ Abdur Rahman Siddiqui was appointed Acting Governor during the leave of absence of Sir Feroz Khan Noon
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 With the dismissal of the United Front Ministry in East Bengal, Governor General Malik Ghulam Muhammad decided to enforce Governor's Rule in the province and appointed Iskander Mirza as Governor
↑ Sir Thomas Hobart Ellis was appointed Acting Governor when Iskander Mirza was taken into the central cabinet as Minister
↑ Muhammad Shahabuddin was appointed after Acting Governor after Sir Thomas Hobart Ellis
↑ Justice Shahabuddin resigned due to differences of opinion about the restoration of parliamentary government in East Bengal
↑ Justice Amiruddin Ahmad, Chief Justice of Dhaka High Court, was appointed acting Governor on the resignation of Justice Muhammad Shahabuddin

East Pakistan (1955–1971)

Governors of East Pakistan (1955–1971)

In late 1955, the prime minister Muhammad Ali Bogra initiated the One Unit policy which resulted in East Bengal province being renamed to East Pakistan.

Political Party

Muslim League

Krishak Sramik Party

Independent

Military Governor

Legend

Acting Governor

Functioned and exercised power as Governor by the order of president without being appointed as one

List of Governors of East Pakistan
#	Portrait	Governor	Term of office			Political Party	President
#	Portrait	Governor	Term start	Term end	Time in office	Political Party	President
[-]		Justice Amiruddin Ahmad (Acting)^{[upper-roman 1]} (1895-1965)	As Governor of East Pakistan: 14 October 1955 As Governor of East Bengal: June 14, 1955^[58]	9 March 1956^[58]	As Governor of East Pakistan: 147 days As Governor of Eastern Wing : 269 days	Independent	Iskander Mirza
1		Sher-e-Bangla A. K. Fazlul Huq (1873 - 1962)	9 March 1956^[59]	31 March 1958^{[upper-roman 2]}^[59]^[60]	2 years, 22 days	Krishak Sramik Party
[-]		Muhammad Hamid Ali (Acting)^{[upper-roman 3]} (1906-1972)	1 April 1958^[61]^[60]	3 May 1958^[61]^[62]	32 days	Independent
2		Sultanuddin Ahmad (1902-1977)	Appointment:^[63] 26 April 1958 Sworn in:^[63]^[62] 3 May 1958	10 October 1958^{[upper-roman 4]}^[63]^[64]	160 days	Independent
3		Zakir Husain (1898-1971)	Appointment:^[65] 10 October 1958 Sworn in:^[65]^[64] 11 October 1958	14 April 1960^[65]	1 year, 186 days	Independent	Iskander Mirza Ayub Khan
4		Lieutenant general Azam Khan, PA (1908-1994)	15 April 1960^[66]	10 May 1962^[66]	2 years, 25 days	Military	Ayub Khan
[-]		Syed Hashim Raza (Acting)^{[upper-roman 5]} (1910-2003)	1 July 1961^[67]	5 August 1961^[67]	35 days	Independent
5		Ghulam Faruque Khan (1899-1992)	11 May 1962^[68]	25 October 1962^{[upper-roman 6]}^[68]	167 days	Independent
6		Abdul Monem Khan (1899-1971)	28 October 1962^[69]	23 March 1969^[69]	6 years, 146 days (Longest Serving)	Muslim League
7		Mirza Nurul Huda (1919-1991)	23 March 1969^[70]	25 March 1969^{[upper-roman 7]}^[70]	2 days	Independent
8		Major general Muzaffaruddin, PA^{[upper-roman 8]} (Martial Law Administrator)	25 March 1969^[71]	23 August 1969^[71]	151 days	Military	Yahya Khan
9		Lieutenant general Sahabzada Yaqub Khan, PA^{[upper-roman 9]} (1920-2016) (Martial Law Administrator)	23 August 1969^[72]	1 September 1969^{[upper-roman 10]}^[72]	9 days	Military
10		Vice admiral Syed Mohammad Ahsan, PN (1921-1989)	1 September 1969^[73]	1 March 1971^[73]	1 year, 181 days	Military
(11)		Lieutenant general Sahabzada Yaqub Khan, PA^{[upper-roman 11]} (1920-2016) (Head of Civil Administration )	1 March 1971^[72]	7 March 1971^[72]	6 days	Military
12		Lieutenant general Tikka Khan, PA (1915-2002)	Appointment:^[74] 6 March 1971 Sworn in:^[74] 7 March 1971 Officially announced:^[74] 9 March 1971	3 September 1971^[74]	180 days	Military
13		Abdul Motaleb Malik (1905-1977)	Appointment:^[75] 31 August 1971 Sworn in:^[75] 3 September 1971	14 December 1971^{[upper-roman 12]}^[75]	102 days	Muslim League
14	File:Amir Abdullah Khan Niazi.png	Lieutenant general A. A. K. Niazi, PA^{[upper-roman 13]} (1915-2004) (Supreme Authority of East Pakistan)	14 December 1971^[76]	16 December 1971^[76]	2 days	Military

↑ Justice Amiruddin Ahmad, Chief Justice of Dhaka High Court, was appointed acting Governor on the resignation of Justice Muhammad Shahabuddin
↑ President Iskander Mirza removed A. K. Fazlul Huq as governor on 31 March 1958 on the advice of the Noon cabinet for allegedly overstepping his limits as a constitutional Governor. Huq had dismissed Ataur Rahman's Ministry of Awami League that had not been defeated on the floor of the House, and had installed Mr. Abu Hussain Sarkar of his own party Krishak Sramik Party as Chief Minister.
↑ Muhammad Hamid Ali, Chief Secretary to the Governor of East Pakistan, was appointed Acting Governor in pursuance of the provisions of Article 70 of the Constitution following the removal of Sher-e-Bangla A. K. Fazlul Huq from the office
↑ Sultanuddin Ahmad was removed from office on 10 October 1958 soon after the promulgation of Martial Law in Pakistan on 7 October
↑ Syed Hashim Raza was Acting Governor of the province during the absence of General Azam Khan's official visit to West Germany
↑ Unable to cope with the political problems of East Pakistan, Ghulam Faruque Khan resigned from office.
↑ With the promulgation of Martial Law throughout Pakistan and the abrogation of the constitution in the evening of 25 March, Mirza Nurul Huda's tenure of governorship came to an abrupt end after just 60 hours.
↑ On 25 March 1969 General A. M. Yahya Khan proclaimed martial law and divided the country into two administrative zones- West Pakistan (Zone 'A') and East Pakistan (Zone 'B'). Major general Muzaffaruddin was the GOC of the 14 Division, became Martial Law Administrator, Zone 'B'. On 8 April 1969, Yahya Khan issued an order directing that the Martial Law Administrators of Zone 'A' and 'B' would perform the functions and powers of the Governors of West and East Pakistan respectively. Thus Major general Muzaffaruddin became Martial Law Administrator and also exercised the powers and functions of Governor of East Pakistan.
↑ Lieutenant general Sahabzada Yaqub Khan was appointed as Martial Law Administrator of Zone 'B' and exercised the powers and functions of the Governor of East Pakistan.
↑ On 8 April 1969, President Yahya Khan issued an order directing that the Martial Law Administrators would perform the functions and powers of the Governor. However, a notification issued by the cabinet secretariat on 1 September 1969 cancelled the order of 8 April 1969 and directed Martial Law Administrators to refrain from performing the functions of Governor in their respective provinces with immediate effect. Lt. General Yaqub Khan remained Martial Law Administrator until Vice Admiral S. M. Ahsan took over as the new Governor of East Pakistan on 1 September 1969
↑ Lt. general Sahabzada Yaqub Khan was made the "head of civil administration in the province" and exercised the functions and powers of Governor from 1 March 1971 until the arrival of Lt. general Tikka Khan on 7 March 1971.
↑ Abdul Motaleb Malik along with his cabinet resigned on 14 December after realizing that Pakistani defeat was imminent and sought refuse in Hotel Intercontinental, seeking the protection of the Red Cross flag.
↑ Lt. general A. A. K. Niazi was the commander of the Eastern Command of the Pakistan Army and as the supreme authority of Pakistan in its eastern wing functioned and exercised power as the Governor of East Pakistan after the resignation of Abdul Motaleb Malik during the last 48 hours of Bangladesh Liberation War

Chief ministers of East Pakistan (1955–1971)

Political Party

Muslim League

Krishak Sramik Party

United Front

Awami League

#	Portrait	Name	Term of office			Political Party	Governor	Governor-General/ President
#	Portrait	Name	Term start	Term end	Time in office	Political Party	Governor	Governor-General/ President
1		Sir Khawaja Nazimuddin (1894 – 1964)	August 15, 1947	September 4, 1948	1 year, 20 days	Muslim League	Sir Frederick Chalmers Bourne	Muhammad Ali Jinnah
2		Nurul Amin (1893 – 1974)	September 14, 1948	April 3, 1954	5 years, 201 days	Muslim League	Sir Feroz Khan Noon	Sir Khawaja Nazimuddin Malik Ghulam Muhammad
3		Sher-e-Bangla A. K. Fazlul Huq (1873 - 1962)	April 3, 1954	May 29, 1954	56 days	United Front	Chaudhry Khaliquzzaman	Malik Ghulam Muhammad
[-]		Vacant (Governor's rule)	May 29, 1954	June 20, 1955	1 year, 22 days	N/A	-	Malik Ghulam Muhammad
4		Abu Hussain Sarkar (1894 - 1969)	June 20, 1955	August 30, 1956	1 year, 71 days	Krishak Sramik Party	Iskander Mirza Sir Thomas Hobart Ellis (Acting) Muhammad Shahabuddin (Acting)	Malik Ghulam Muhammad Iskander Mirza
5		Ataur Rahman Khan (1907 - 1991)	September 1, 1956	March 31, 1958	1 year, 211 days	Awami League	Amiruddin Ahmad (Acting) Sher-e-Bangla A. K. Fazlul Huq	Iskander Mirza
(4)		Abu Hussain Sarkar (1894 - 1969)	March 31, 1958	April 1, 1958	1 day	Krishak Sramik Party	Sher-e-Bangla A. K. Fazlul Huq Muhammad Hamid Ali (Acting)	Iskander Mirza
(5)		Ataur Rahman Khan (1907 - 1991)	April 1, 1958	June 18, 1958	78 days	Awami League	Muhammad Hamid Ali (Acting) Sultanuddin Ahmad	Iskander Mirza Ayub Khan
(4)		Abu Hussain Sarkar (1894 - 1969)	June 18, 1958	June 22, 1958	4 days	Krishak Sramik Party	Sultanuddin Ahmad	Ayub Khan
[-]		Vacant (Governor's rule)	June 22, 1958	August 25, 1958	64 days	N/A	-
(5)		Ataur Rahman Khan (1907 - 1991)	August 25, 1958	October 7, 1958	43 days	Awami League	Sultanuddin Ahmad

On 7 October 1958, the post of Chief Minister of East Pakistan was abolished. And after the independence of Bangladesh on 16 December 1971, the province of East Pakistan was dissolved.

West Bengal (1947–present)

Governors of West Bengal

No.	Portrait	Name	Took office	Left office	Duration
1		Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari	15 August 1947	21 June 1948	311 days
2		Kailash Nath Katju	21 June 1948	1 November 1951	3 years, 133 days
3		Harendra Coomar Mookerjee	1 November 1951	8 August 1956	4 years, 281 days
–	–	Phani Bhusan Chakravartti (acting)	8 August 1956	3 November 1956	87 days
4	–	Padmaja Naidu	3 November 1956	1 June 1967	10 years, 210 days
5		Dharma Vira	1 June 1967	1 April 1969	1 year, 304 days
–	–	Deep Narayan Sinha (acting)	1 April 1969	19 September 1969	171 days
6	–	Shanti Swaroop Dhavan	19 September 1969	21 August 1971	1 year, 336 days
7		Anthony Lancelot Dias	21 August 1971	6 November 1979	8 years, 77 days
8	–	Tribhuvana Narayana Singh	6 November 1979	12 September 1981	1 year, 310 days
9	–	Bhairab Dutt Pande	12 September 1981	10 October 1983	2 years, 28 days
10		Anant Prasad Sharma	10 October 1983	16 August 1984	320 days
—	–	Satish Chandra (acting)	16 August 1984	1 October 1984	46 days
11		Uma Shankar Dikshit	1 October 1984	12 August 1986	1 year, 315 days
12		Saiyid Nurul Hasan	12 August 1986	20 March 1989	2 years, 220 days
13		T. V. Rajeswar	20 March 1989	7 February 1990	324 days
(12)		Saiyid Nurul Hasan	7 February 1990	12 July 1993	3 years, 155 days
–	–	B. Satyanarayan Reddy (additional charge)	13 July 1993	14 August 1993	32 days
14		K. V. Raghunatha Reddy	14 August 1993	27 April 1998	4 years, 256 days
15		Akhlaqur Rahman Kidwai	27 April 1998	18 May 1999	1 year, 21 days
16		Shyamal Kumar Sen	18 May 1999	4 December 1999	200 days
17		Viren J. Shah	4 December 1999	14 December 2004	5 years, 10 days
18		Gopalkrishna Gandhi	14 December 2004	14 December 2009	5 years, 0 days
–		Devanand Konwar (additional charge)	14 December 2009	23 January 2010	40 days
19		M.K. Narayanan	24 January 2010	30 June 2014	4 years, 157 days
—		D. Y. Patil (additional charge)^[77]	3 July 2014	17 July 2014	14 days
20		Keshari Nath Tripathi	24 July 2014	29 July 2019	5 years, 5 days
21		Jagdeep Dhankhar^[78]	30 July 2019	17 July 2022	2 years, 352 days
—		La. Ganesan (additional charge)	18 July 2022	17 November 2022	122 days
22		C. V. Ananda Bose	18 November 2022	Incumbent	3 years, 264 days

Premiers of West Bengal

No.	Portrait	Name	Tenure^[79]		Duration	Assembly (election)	Party^[80]		Appointed by (Governor)
1		Prafulla Chandra Ghosh	15 August 1947	22 January 1948	160 days	Provincial Assembly (1946–52)^{[lower-alpha 1]} (January 1946 election)	Indian National Congress		Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari
2		Bidhan Chandra Roy	23 January 1948	26 January 1950	2 years, 3 days		Indian National Congress		Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari

Chief Ministers of West Bengal

No^{[lower-alpha 2]}	Name	Constituency	Tenure^{[lower-alpha 3]}		Duration	Assembly^[81] (election)	Party^[80] (alliance)
(2)	Bidhan Chandra Roy ^{[lower-alpha 4]}		26 January 1950	30 March 1952	12 years, 156 days (total: 14 years, 159 days)	Provincial Assembly^{[lower-alpha 5]} (1946 election)	Indian National Congress
		Bowbazar	31 March 1952	5 April 1957		1st (1952 election)
		Bowbazar	6 April 1957	2 April 1962		2nd (1957 election)
		Chowrangee	3 April 1962	1 July 1962		3rd (1962 election)
2	Prafulla Chandra Sen^{[lower-alpha 6]}	Arambagh East	9 July 1962	28 February 1967	4 years, 234 days	3rd (1962 election)
3	Ajoy Kumar Mukherjee	Tamluk	1 March 1967	21 November 1967	265 days	4th (1967 election)	Bangla Congress (United Front)
(1)	Prafulla Chandra Ghosh	Jhargram	21 November 1967	19 February 1968	90 days (total: 250 days)	4th (1967 election)	Independent (Progressive Democratic Front)
–	Vacant^{[lower-alpha 7]} (President's rule)	N/A	20 February 1968	25 February 1969	1 year, 5 days	Dissolved	N/A
(3)	Ajoy Kumar Mukherjee	Tamluk	25 February 1969	16 March 1970	1 year, 19 days	5th (1969 election)	Bangla Congress (United Front)
–	Vacant^{[lower-alpha 7]} (President's rule)	N/A	19 March 1970	30 July 1970	1 year, 14 days	5th (1969 election)	N/A
–	Vacant^{[lower-alpha 7]} (President's rule)	N/A	30 July 1970	2 April 1971	1 year, 14 days	Dissolved	N/A
(3)	Ajoy Kumar Mukherjee	Tamluk	2 April 1971	28 June 1971	87 days (total: 2 years, 6 days)	6th (1971 election)	Indian National Congress (Democratic Coalition)
–	Vacant^{[lower-alpha 7]} (President's rule)	N/A	29 June 1971	20 March 1972	265 days	Dissolved	N/A
4	Siddhartha Shankar Ray	Maldah	20 March 1972	30 April 1977	5 years, 41 days	7th (1972 election)	Indian National Congress (Progressive Democratic Alliance)
–	Vacant^{[lower-alpha 7]} (President's rule)	N/A	30 April 1977	20 June 1977	51 days	Dissolved	N/A
5	Jyoti Basu	Satgachhia	21 June 1977	23 May 1982	23 years, 137 days	8th (1977 election)	Communist Party of India (Marxist) (Left Front)
			24 May 1982	29 March 1987		9th (1982 election)
			30 March 1987	18 June 1991		10th (1987 election)
			19 June 1991	15 May 1996		11th (1991 election)
			16 May 1996	5 November 2000		12th (1996 election)
6	Buddhadeb Bhattacharya	Jadavpur	6 November 2000	14 May 2001	10 years, 188 days	12th (1996 election)
			15 May 2001	17 May 2006		13th (2001 election)
			18 May 2006	13 May 2011		14th (2006 election)
7	Mamata Banerjee	Bhabanipur	20 May 2011	25 May 2016	15 years, 81 days	15th (2011 election)	Trinamool Congress^{[lower-alpha 8]}
			26 May 2016	4 May 2021		16th (2016 election)
			5 May 2021	Incumbent		17th (2021 election)

After independence of Bangladesh

East Pakistan seceded from West Pakistan on 16 December 1971 after the end of Bangladesh Liberation War and was named Bangladesh as an independent nation.

The President was the executive Head of state of Bangladesh during Presidential system of government from 1975 to 1991. Thereafter, the Prime Minister is the executive head of government of this parliamentary republic while the President is the ceremonial Head of state, elected by the parliament.

Presidents of Bangladesh

Political parties

Awami League (AL)

Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League (BaKSAL)

Jatiyatabadi Ganatantrik Dal (Jagodal) / Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP)

Janadal / Jatiya Party (JP(E))

Other factions

Military

Independent

Status

Denotes acting president

Symbols

^† Died in office

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Election	Term of office			Political party (Coalition)
No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Election	Took office	Left office	Time in office	Political party (Coalition)
Provisional Government of Bangladesh (1971–1972)
1		Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (1920–1975) ^{[lower-alpha 9]}	—	17 April 1971	12 January 1972	270 days	AL
—		Syed Nazrul Islam (1925–1975) ^{[lower-alpha 10]}	—	17 April 1971	12 January 1972	270 days	AL
People's Republic of Bangladesh (1972–present)
2		Abu Sayeed Chowdhury (1921–1987)	—	12 January 1972	24 December 1973	1 year, 346 days	AL
3		Mohammad Mohammadullah (1921–1999)	—	24 December 1973	27 January 1974	1 year, 32 days	AL
3		Mohammad Mohammadullah (1921–1999)	1974	27 January 1974	25 January 1975	1 year, 32 days	AL
(1)		Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (1920–1975)	—	25 January 1975	15 August 1975 (Assassinated in a coup)	202 days	BaKSAL
4		Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad (1918–1996)	—	15 August 1975	6 November 1975 (Deposed in a coup)	83 days	AL
5		Abu Sadat Mohammad Sayem (1916–1997) ^{[lower-alpha 11]}	—	6 November 1975	21 April 1977	1 year, 166 days	AL
6		Ziaur Rahman (1936–1981) ^{[lower-alpha 12]}	1977^{[lower-alpha 13]} 1978^{[lower-alpha 14]}	21 April 1977	30 May 1981 (Assassinated)	4 years, 39 days	Military / Jagodal / BNP
7		Abdus Sattar (1906–1985)	—	30 May 1981	20 November 1981	298 days	BNP
7		Abdus Sattar (1906–1985)	1981^{[lower-alpha 14]}	20 November 1981	24 March 1982 (Deposed in a coup)	298 days	BNP
Post vacant (24 – 27 March 1982)^{[lower-alpha 15]}
8		Ahsanuddin Chowdhury (1915–2001)	—	27 March 1982	10 December 1983	1 year, 258 days	Independent
9		Hussain Muhammad Ershad (1930–2019) ^{[lower-alpha 16]}	1985^{[lower-alpha 13]} 1986^{[lower-alpha 14]}	11 December 1983	6 December 1990	6 years, 360 days	Military / Janadal / JP(E)
—		Shahabuddin Ahmed (1930–2022)	—	6 December 1990	10 October 1991	308 days	Independent
10		Abdur Rahman Biswas (1926–2017)	1991	10 October 1991	9 October 1996	4 years, 365 days	BNP
11		Shahabuddin Ahmed (1930–2022)	1996	9 October 1996	14 November 2001	5 years, 36 days	Independent
12		Badruddoza Chowdhury (born 1930)	2001	14 November 2001	21 June 2002	219 days	BNP
—		Muhammad Jamiruddin Sircar (born 1931)	—	21 June 2002	6 September 2002	77 days	BNP
13		Iajuddin Ahmed (1931–2012)	2002	6 September 2002	12 February 2009	6 years, 159 days	Independent
14		Zillur Rahman (1929–2013)	2009	12 February 2009	20 March 2013^[†]	4 years, 36 days	AL
15		Mohammad Abdul Hamid (born 1944)^{[lower-alpha 17]}	—	14 March 2013	24 April 2013	10 years, 41 days	AL
			2013	24 April 2013	24 April 2018
			2018	24 April 2018	24 April 2023
16		Mohammed Shahabuddin (born 1949)	2023	24 April 2023	Incumbent^{[lower-alpha 18]}	3 years, 107 days	AL

Vice presidents of Bangladesh (1975–1991)

Political parties

Bangladesh Awami League

Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League (BaKSAL)

Bangladesh Nationalist Party

Jatiya Party

Other factions

Independent

Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Took office		Party	President	Notes
Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Took office	Left office	Party	President	Notes
	Syed Nazrul Islam (1925–1975)	17 April 1971	12 January 1972	Bangladesh Awami League	Sheikh Mujibur Rahman	Acting president during the Bangladesh Liberation War.^[85]
	Syed Nazrul Islam (1925–1975)	26 January 1975^[86]	15 August 1975	BAKSAL	Sheikh Mujibur Rahman	Acting president during the Bangladesh Liberation War.^[85]
	Mohammad Mohammadullah (1921–1999)	15 August 1975	3 November 1975	Bangladesh Awami League	Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad	Served as Minister of Land under President Sheikh Mujib and was later appointed Vice President upon Mujib's death.^[87]
	Abdus Sattar (1906–1985)	June 1977	30 May 1981	Bangladesh Nationalist Party	Ziaur Rahman	Succeeded Zia as president in 1981.^[88]
	Mirza Nurul Huda (1919–1991)	24 November 1981	23 March 1982	Independent	Abdus Sattar	Resigned after conflict with BNP.^[89]
	Mohammad Mohammadullah (1921–1999)	23 March 1982	24 March 1982	Bangladesh Nationalist Party	Abdus Sattar	In office for 24 hours; deposed in the 1982 coup d'état^[90]
	A. K. M. Nurul Islam (1919–2015)	30 November 1986	September 1989	Jatiya Party	Hussain Muhammad Ershad	Former Supreme Court Justice and Law Minister.^[91]
	Moudud Ahmed (1940–2021)	September 1989	December 1990	Jatiya Party		Former Prime Minister and Deputy Prime Minister.^[86]
	Moudud Ahmed (1940–2021)	September 1989	December 1990	Jatiya Party		Former Prime Minister and Deputy Prime Minister.^[86]

Prime Ministers of Bangladesh

Note that numbering for Prime Minister is given either bracketless, or with ( ) brackets. Numbering for Chief Adviser is given in [ ] brackets. Acting Prime Ministers or Chief Advisers are not numbered and instead denoted as "—". There are 10 Prime Ministers, 1 Acting Prime Minister, 5 Chief Advisers, and 1 Acting Chief Adviser of Bangladesh so far.^[92]

Political parties

Awami League (AL)

Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League (BaKSAL)

Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP)

Janadal / Jatiya Party (JP(E))

Status

Denotes an interim or caretaker government

Symbols

^† Died in office

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Election	Term of office			Political party (Coalition)
No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Election	Took office	Left office	Time in office	Political party (Coalition)
Provisional Government of Bangladesh (1971–1972)
1		Tajuddin Ahmad (1925–1975)	—	17 April 1971	12 January 1972	270 days	AL
People's Republic of Bangladesh (1972–present)
2		Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (1920–1975)	1973	12 January 1972	25 January 1975	3 years, 13 days	AL
3		Muhammad Mansur Ali (1917–1975)	—	25 January 1975	15 August 1975 (Deposed in a coup)	202 days	BaKSAL
Post abolished (15 August 1975 – 29 June 1978)
—		Mashiur Rahman (1924–1979) Acting Prime Minister ^{[lower-alpha 19]}	—	29 June 1978	12 March 1979^[†]	256 days	BNP
Post vacant (12 March – 15 April 1979)
4		Shah Azizur Rahman (1925–1988)	1979	15 April 1979	24 March 1982 (Deposed in a coup)	2 years, 343 days	BNP
Post abolished (24 March 1982 – 30 March 1984)
5		Ataur Rahman Khan (1905–1991)	—	30 March 1984	9 July 1986	2 years, 101 days	Janadal / JP(E)
6		Mizanur Rahman Chowdhury (1928–2006)	1986	9 July 1986	27 March 1988	1 year, 262 days	JP(E)
7		Moudud Ahmed (1940–2021)	1988	27 March 1988	12 August 1989	1 year, 138 days	JP(E)
8		Kazi Zafar Ahmed (1939–2015)	—	12 August 1989	6 December 1990	1 year, 116 days	JP(E)
Post abolished (6 December 1990 – 20 March 1991)
9		Khaleda Zia (born 1945)	1991 1996 (Feb)	20 March 1991	30 March 1996	5 years, 10 days	BNP
[1]		Muhammad Habibur Rahman (1928–2014) Chief Adviser	—	30 March 1996	23 June 1996	85 days	Independent
10		Sheikh Hasina (born 1947)	1996 (Jun)	23 June 1996	15 July 2001	5 years, 22 days	AL
[2]		Latifur Rahman (1936–2017) Chief Adviser	—	15 July 2001	10 October 2001	87 days	Independent
(9)		Khaleda Zia (born 1945)	2001	10 October 2001	29 October 2006	5 years, 19 days	BNP (Four Party Alliance)
[3]		Iajuddin Ahmed (1931–2012) Chief Adviser ^{[lower-alpha 20]}	—	29 October 2006	11 January 2007	74 days	Independent
[—]		Fazlul Haque (born 1938) Acting Chief Adviser	—	11 January 2007	12 January 2007	1 day	Independent
[4]		Fakhruddin Ahmed (born 1940) Chief Adviser	—	12 January 2007	6 January 2009	1 year, 360 days	Independent (with military support)
(10)		Sheikh Hasina (born 1947)	2008 2014 2018 2024	6 January 2009	5 August 2024 (Resigned)	15 years, 212 days	AL (Grand Alliance)
Post vacant (5 – 8 August 2024)
[5]		Muhammad Yunus (born 1940) Chief Adviser	—	8 August 2024	Incumbent	2 years, 1 day	Independent

Notes

↑ This refers to the 90-member rump legislature that emerged following partition, representing the West Bengali constituencies of the erstwhile Bengal Legislative Assembly. It was constituted under the Government of India Act 1935, not the Indian Constitution, which was still in the process of being drafted.^[80]
↑ A number in parentheses indicates that the incumbent has previously held office.
↑ While the tenures have been primarily sourced to a list on the West Bengal Legislative Assembly website,^[79] obvious errors (mainly around the 1969–71 period) have been corrected with the help of a historical essay from the same website.^[80]
↑ Until March 1952, Roy did not represent any constituency. For his last three months in office, during the Third Assembly, Roy represented Chowringhee constituency.
↑ Following the promulgation of the Constitution of India, the provincial assembly carried on as the legislative assembly of West Bengal until fresh elections could be organised in 1952.^[80]
↑ According to some sources, Sen also acted as interim chief minister during 2–8 July 1962.^[82]
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 ^7.3 Under Article 356 of the Constitution of India, President's rule may be imposed when the "government in a state is not able to function as per the Constitution", which often happens because no party or coalition has a majority in the assembly. When President's rule is in force in a state, its council of ministers stands dissolved. The office of chief minister thus lies vacant, and the administration is taken over by the governor, who functions on behalf of the central government. At times, the legislative assembly also stands dissolved.^[83]
↑ For the first 16 months Mamata Banerjee headed a coalition government that included ministers from Trinamool and the INC. After Trinamool quit the United Progressive Alliance on 22 September 2012, INC members resigned from her ministry, which has consisted of only Trinamool members ever since.^[84]
↑ Pakistani prisoner to 8 January 1972.
↑ Acting for Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.
↑ Also Chief Martial Law Administrator (24 August 1975 – 4 November 1975 and 7 November 1975 – 29 November 1976).
↑ Also Chief Martial Law Administrator (29 November 1976 – 6 April 1979).
↑ ^13.0 ^13.1 Referendum.
↑ ^14.0 ^14.1 ^14.2 Direct election.
↑ During this period, Chief of Army Staff Lt. Gen. Hussain Muhammad Ershad served as Chief Martial Law Administrator and de facto head of state.
↑ Served as Chief Martial Law Administrator until 30 March 1984.
↑ Acting for Zillur Rahman until 20 March 2013.
↑ Term ends on 24 April 2028.
↑ Senior Minister.
↑ Simultaneously served as President.

References

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↑ Arnold, Thomas Walker (1913) [First published 1896]. The Preaching of Islam: A History of the Propagation of the Muslim Faith (2nd ed.). London: Constable & Company. p. 227.
↑ Sen, Sailendra (2013). A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books. pp. 68–102. ISBN 978-9-38060-734-4.
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↑ Ahmed, ABM Shamsuddin (2012). "Iltutmish". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. Archived from the original on 3 July 2015. Retrieved 26 October 2015.
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↑ Encyclopedia Of Bangladesh (Set Of 30 Vols.) By Nagendra Kr. Singh
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↑ Rāẏa, Suprakāśa (1999). Peasant Revolts And Democratic Struggles In India. ICBS (Delhi). p. 24. ISBN 978-81-85971-61-2. Retrieved 29 October 2015.
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↑ Nawaz, Ali (2012). "Shamsher Gazi". In Islam, Sirajul; Miah, Sajahan; Khanam, Mahfuza; Ahmed, Sabbir (eds.). Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust, Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. ISBN 984-32-0576-6. OCLC 52727562. Retrieved 9 August 2026.
↑ Paul, Gautam. "Murshidabad History – Hassan Ali". murshidabad.net. Archived from the original on 1 September 2016. Retrieved 9 October 2016.
↑ East India Company (1807). Papers Presented to the House of Commons Concerning the Late Nabob of the Carnatic. p. 118. Archived from the original on 20 October 2022. Retrieved 24 September 2021.
↑ Paul, Gautam. "Murshidabad History – Waresh Ali". murshidabad.net. Archived from the original on 22 March 2017. Retrieved 9 October 2016.
↑ ^45.0 ^45.1 Mahato, Sukumar (20 August 2014). "Murshidabad gets a Nawab again, but fight for assets ahead". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 26 April 2015. Retrieved 14 June 2015.
↑ ^46.0 ^46.1 "Portrait of an accidental Nawab". The Times of India. 22 August 2014. Archived from the original on 23 August 2014. Retrieved 14 June 2015.
↑ "Premier of Bengal". West Bengal Legislative Assembly. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014.
↑ ^48.0 ^48.1 "frederick - THE BANGABHABAN : The President House of Bangladesh". 9 April 2013. Archived from the original on 9 April 2013. Retrieved 21 February 2025.
↑ "স্যার ফেডরিকের স্বদেশ যাত্রা" [Sir Frederick's Journey Home]. The Azad (in Bengali). 6 April 1950. p. 1. Archived from the original on 20 May 2022. Retrieved 21 February 2025.
↑ ^50.0 ^50.1 "akram - THE BANGABHABAN : The President House of Bangladesh". 9 April 2013. Archived from the original on 9 April 2013. Retrieved 21 February 2025.
↑ ^51.0 ^51.1 "firozkhan - THE BANGABHABAN : The President House of Bangladesh". 9 April 2013. Archived from the original on 9 April 2013. Retrieved 21 February 2025.
↑ "পূর্ব পাকিস্তানের নবনিযুক্ত গভার্নর এর ঢাকা আগমন" [The Newly Appointed Governor of East Pakistan Arrives in Dhaka]. The Azad (in Bengali). 6 April 1950. p. 1. Archived from the original on 20 May 2022.
↑ ^53.0 ^53.1 "abdurrahman - THE BANGABHABAN : The President House of Bangladesh". 9 April 2013. Archived from the original on 9 April 2013. Retrieved 21 February 2025.
↑ ^54.0 ^54.1 "khaliquzzaman - THE BANGABHABAN : The President House of Bangladesh". 9 April 2013. Archived from the original on 9 April 2013. Retrieved 21 February 2025.
↑ ^55.0 ^55.1 "iskandermirza - THE BANGABHABAN : The President House of Bangladesh". 9 April 2013. Archived from the original on 9 April 2013. Retrieved 21 February 2025.
↑ ^56.0 ^56.1 ^56.2 "hobartellis - THE BANGABHABAN : The President House of Bangladesh". 9 April 2013. Archived from the original on 9 April 2013. Retrieved 21 February 2025.
↑ ^57.0 ^57.1 "shahabuddin - THE BANGABHABAN : The President House of Bangladesh". 25 April 2013. Archived from the original on 25 April 2013. Retrieved 21 February 2025.
↑ ^58.0 ^58.1 ^58.2 ^58.3 "amiruddin - THE BANGABHABAN : The President House of Bangladesh". 25 April 2013. Archived from the original on 25 April 2013. Retrieved 21 February 2025.
↑ ^59.0 ^59.1 "fazluhuq - THE BANGABHABAN : The President House of Bangladesh". 25 April 2013. Archived from the original on 25 April 2013. Retrieved 21 February 2025.
↑ ^60.0 ^60.1 "করাচীর নির্দেশে পূর্ব পাকিস্তানের গভার্নর মিঃ ফজলুল হকের নাটকীয়ভাবে পদচ্যুত" [Governor of East Pakistan Mr. Fazlul Haq Dramatically Removed by Orders from Karachi]. The Jugantor (in Bengali). 1 April 1958. p. 1. Archived from the original on 28 January 2025. Retrieved 21 February 2025.
↑ ^61.0 ^61.1 "hamidali - THE BANGABHABAN : The President House of Bangladesh". 25 April 2013. Archived from the original on 25 April 2013. Retrieved 21 February 2025.
↑ ^62.0 ^62.1 "পূর্ব পাকিস্তানের নয়া গভর্নর" [The New Governor of East Pakistan]. The Azad (in Bengali). 3 May 1958. p. 1.
↑ ^63.0 ^63.1 ^63.2 "sultanuddin - THE BANGABHABAN : The President House of Bangladesh". 25 April 2013. Archived from the original on 25 April 2013. Retrieved 21 February 2025.
↑ ^64.0 ^64.1 "Zakir Hussain installed as new governor". Bangladesh Observer (known as Pakistan Observer during Publication). 12 October 1958.
↑ ^65.0 ^65.1 ^65.2 "zakirhusain - THE BANGABHABAN : The President House of Bangladesh". 25 April 2013. Archived from the original on 25 April 2013. Retrieved 21 February 2025.
↑ ^66.0 ^66.1 "azamkhan - THE BANGABHABAN : The President House of Bangladesh". 25 April 2013. Archived from the original on 25 April 2013. Retrieved 21 February 2025.
↑ ^67.0 ^67.1 "hashimraza - THE BANGABHABAN : The President House of Bangladesh". 25 April 2013. Archived from the original on 25 April 2013. Retrieved 21 February 2025.
↑ ^68.0 ^68.1 "faruque - THE BANGABHABAN : The President House of Bangladesh". 25 April 2013. Archived from the original on 25 April 2013. Retrieved 21 February 2025.
↑ ^69.0 ^69.1 "monemkhan - THE BANGABHABAN : The President House of Bangladesh". 9 April 2013. Archived from the original on 9 April 2013. Retrieved 21 February 2025.
↑ ^70.0 ^70.1 "nurulhuda - THE BANGABHABAN : The President House of Bangladesh". 8 April 2013. Archived from the original on 8 April 2013. Retrieved 21 February 2025.
↑ ^71.0 ^71.1 "muzaffar - THE BANGABHABAN : The President House of Bangladesh". 9 April 2013. Archived from the original on 9 April 2013. Retrieved 21 February 2025.
↑ ^72.0 ^72.1 ^72.2 ^72.3 "yaqubkhan - THE BANGABHABAN : The President House of Bangladesh". 9 April 2013. Archived from the original on 25 April 2013. Retrieved 21 February 2025.
↑ ^73.0 ^73.1 "ahsan - THE BANGABHABAN : The President House of Bangladesh". 25 April 2013. Archived from the original on 25 April 2013. Retrieved 21 February 2025.
↑ ^74.0 ^74.1 ^74.2 ^74.3 "tikkakhan - THE BANGABHABAN : The President House of Bangladesh". 9 April 2013. Archived from the original on 9 April 2013. Retrieved 21 February 2025.
↑ ^75.0 ^75.1 ^75.2 "malik - THE BANGABHABAN : The President House of Bangladesh". 9 April 2013. Archived from the original on 9 April 2013. Retrieved 21 February 2025.
↑ ^76.0 ^76.1 "niazi - THE BANGABHABAN : The President House of Bangladesh". 9 April 2013. Archived from the original on 9 April 2013. Retrieved 21 February 2025.
↑ "Dr D Y Patil appointed West Bengal's acting Governor". The Economic Times. 3 July 2014. Archived from the original on 2 March 2020. Retrieved 24 December 2019.
↑ "Senior Advocate Jagdeep Dhankhar Made West Bengal Governor". www.livelaw.in. 20 July 2019. Archived from the original on 20 July 2019. Retrieved 24 December 2019.
↑ ^79.0 ^79.1 Premiers/Chief Ministers of West Bengal. West Bengal Legislative Assembly. Archive link from 12 March 2016.
↑ ^80.0 ^80.1 ^80.2 ^80.3 ^80.4 The Legislature in West Bengal—Its Origin and Growth Archived 11 December 2024 at the Wayback Machine. West Bengal Legislative Assembly. Retrieved on 14 August 2024.
↑ Brief Information on Previous Assemblies. West Bengal Legislative Assembly. Archive link from 12 March 2016.
↑ List of Chief Ministers of West Bengal. Panchayat & Rural Development Department, Hooghly. Retrieved on 27 July 2018. Archived on 27 July 2018.
↑ Amberish K. Diwanji. "A dummy's guide to President's rule". Rediff.com. 15 March 2005. Archived on 16 August 2017.
↑ "Six Congress ministers resign from Mamata government in Bengal". 22 September 2012. Archived from the original on 7 August 2024. Retrieved 10 August 2024.
↑ Schottli, Jivanta; Mitra, Subrata K.; Wolf, Siegried (2015). A Political and Economic Dictionary of South Asia. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-35576-0. Archived from the original on 27 February 2022. Retrieved 6 November 2015.
↑ ^86.0 ^86.1 ১৯৭১ সাল থেকে ০৭-০১-২০১৯ গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশের রাষ্ট্রপতি, উপ-রাষ্ট্রপতি, প্রধানমন্ত্রী ও মন্ত্রিপরিষদের সদস্যবৃন্দ. Cabinet Division. Archived from the original on 12 August 2024. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
↑ Schottli, Jivanta; Mitra, Subrata K.; Wolf, Siegried (2015). A Political and Economic Dictionary of South Asia. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-35576-0. Retrieved 6 November 2015.
↑ Kolbert, Elizabeth (6 October 1985). "Abdus Sattar, Ex-Leader of Bangladesh, Dies". The New York Times. Bangladesh. Archived from the original on 3 April 2019. Retrieved 6 November 2015.
↑ Ahmed, Salahuddin (2004). Bangladesh: Past and Present. APH. ISBN 978-81-7648-469-5. Archived from the original on 27 February 2022. Retrieved 6 November 2015.
↑ "Mohammadullah, Mohammad". Banglapedia. Archived from the original on 29 March 2019. Retrieved 6 November 2015.
↑ "Vice President Named By Bangladesh Leader". The New York Times. Bangladesh. Reuters. 1 December 1986. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 6 November 2015.
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Sources

Dasgupta, Gautam Kumar; Biswas, Samira; Mallik, Rabiranjan (2009). Heritage Tourism: An Anthropological Journey to Bishnupur. A Mittal Publication. p. 21. ISBN 978-8183242943.
Islam, Sirajul; Miah, Sajahan; Khanam, Mahfuza; Ahmed, Sabbir, eds. (2012). "Subahdar". Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust, Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. ISBN 984-32-0576-6. OCLC 52727562. Retrieved 9 August 2026.

Barpujari, H. K., ed. (1990). The Comprehensive History of Assam: From the Pre-historic Times to the Twelfth Century A.D. Vol. 1. Guwahati: Publication Board, Assam.

[50] A.S.M. Akram was appointed Acting Governor during the leave of absence of Sir Frederick Chalmers Bourne

[54] Abdur Rahman Siddiqui was appointed Acting Governor during the leave of absence of Sir Feroz Khan Noon

[United_Front-57] 3.0 ^3.1 With the dismissal of the United Front Ministry in East Bengal, Governor General Malik Ghulam Muhammad decided to enforce Governor's Rule in the province and appointed Iskander Mirza as Governor

[59] Sir Thomas Hobart Ellis was appointed Acting Governor when Iskander Mirza was taken into the central cabinet as Minister

[61] Muhammad Shahabuddin was appointed after Acting Governor after Sir Thomas Hobart Ellis

[63] Justice Shahabuddin resigned due to differences of opinion about the restoration of parliamentary government in East Bengal

[64] Justice Amiruddin Ahmad, Chief Justice of Dhaka High Court, was appointed acting Governor on the resignation of Justice Muhammad Shahabuddin

[66] Justice Amiruddin Ahmad, Chief Justice of Dhaka High Court, was appointed acting Governor on the resignation of Justice Muhammad Shahabuddin

[68] President Iskander Mirza removed A. K. Fazlul Huq as governor on 31 March 1958 on the advice of the Noon cabinet for allegedly overstepping his limits as a constitutional Governor. Huq had dismissed Ataur Rahman's Ministry of Awami League that had not been defeated on the floor of the House, and had installed Mr. Abu Hussain Sarkar of his own party Krishak Sramik Party as Chief Minister.

[70] Muhammad Hamid Ali, Chief Secretary to the Governor of East Pakistan, was appointed Acting Governor in pursuance of the provisions of Article 70 of the Constitution following the removal of Sher-e-Bangla A. K. Fazlul Huq from the office

[74] Sultanuddin Ahmad was removed from office on 10 October 1958 soon after the promulgation of Martial Law in Pakistan on 7 October

[78] Syed Hashim Raza was Acting Governor of the province during the absence of General Azam Khan's official visit to West Germany

[81] Unable to cope with the political problems of East Pakistan, Ghulam Faruque Khan resigned from office.

[84] With the promulgation of Martial Law throughout Pakistan and the abrogation of the constitution in the evening of 25 March, Mirza Nurul Huda's tenure of governorship came to an abrupt end after just 60 hours.

[Marshall_Law-85] On 25 March 1969 General A. M. Yahya Khan proclaimed martial law and divided the country into two administrative zones- West Pakistan (Zone 'A') and East Pakistan (Zone 'B'). Major general Muzaffaruddin was the GOC of the 14 Division, became Martial Law Administrator, Zone 'B'. On 8 April 1969, Yahya Khan issued an order directing that the Martial Law Administrators of Zone 'A' and 'B' would perform the functions and powers of the Governors of West and East Pakistan respectively. Thus Major general Muzaffaruddin became Martial Law Administrator and also exercised the powers and functions of Governor of East Pakistan.

[87] Lieutenant general Sahabzada Yaqub Khan was appointed as Martial Law Administrator of Zone 'B' and exercised the powers and functions of the Governor of East Pakistan.

[89] On 8 April 1969, President Yahya Khan issued an order directing that the Martial Law Administrators would perform the functions and powers of the Governor. However, a notification issued by the cabinet secretariat on 1 September 1969 cancelled the order of 8 April 1969 and directed Martial Law Administrators to refrain from performing the functions of Governor in their respective provinces with immediate effect. Lt. General Yaqub Khan remained Martial Law Administrator until Vice Admiral S. M. Ahsan took over as the new Governor of East Pakistan on 1 September 1969

[91] Lt. general Sahabzada Yaqub Khan was made the "head of civil administration in the province" and exercised the functions and powers of Governor from 1 March 1971 until the arrival of Lt. general Tikka Khan on 7 March 1971.

[94] Abdul Motaleb Malik along with his cabinet resigned on 14 December after realizing that Pakistani defeat was imminent and sought refuse in Hotel Intercontinental, seeking the protection of the Red Cross flag.

[95] Lt. general A. A. K. Niazi was the commander of the Eastern Command of the Pakistan Army and as the supreme authority of Pakistan in its eastern wing functioned and exercised power as the Governor of East Pakistan after the resignation of Abdul Motaleb Malik during the last 48 hours of Bangladesh Liberation War

[101] This refers to the 90-member rump legislature that emerged following partition, representing the West Bengali constituencies of the erstwhile Bengal Legislative Assembly. It was constituted under the Government of India Act 1935, not the Indian Constitution, which was still in the process of being drafted.^[80]

[102] A number in parentheses indicates that the incumbent has previously held office.

[103] While the tenures have been primarily sourced to a list on the West Bengal Legislative Assembly website,^[79] obvious errors (mainly around the 1969–71 period) have been corrected with the help of a historical essay from the same website.^[80]

[105] Until March 1952, Roy did not represent any constituency. For his last three months in office, during the Third Assembly, Roy represented Chowringhee constituency.

[106] Following the promulgation of the Constitution of India, the provincial assembly carried on as the legislative assembly of West Bengal until fresh elections could be organised in 1952.^[80]

[108] According to some sources, Sen also acted as interim chief minister during 2–8 July 1962.^[82]

[PR-110] 7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 ^7.3 Under Article 356 of the Constitution of India, President's rule may be imposed when the "government in a state is not able to function as per the Constitution", which often happens because no party or coalition has a majority in the assembly. When President's rule is in force in a state, its council of ministers stands dissolved. The office of chief minister thus lies vacant, and the administration is taken over by the governor, who functions on behalf of the central government. At times, the legislative assembly also stands dissolved.^[83]

[112] For the first 16 months Mamata Banerjee headed a coalition government that included ministers from Trinamool and the INC. After Trinamool quit the United Progressive Alliance on 22 September 2012, INC members resigned from her ministry, which has consisted of only Trinamool members ever since.^[84]

[113] Pakistani prisoner to 8 January 1972.

[114] Acting for Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.

[115] Also Chief Martial Law Administrator (24 August 1975 – 4 November 1975 and 7 November 1975 – 29 November 1976).

[116] Also Chief Martial Law Administrator (29 November 1976 – 6 April 1979).

[Referendum-117] 13.0 ^13.1 Referendum.

[Direct_election-118] 14.0 ^14.1 ^14.2 Direct election.

[119] During this period, Chief of Army Staff Lt. Gen. Hussain Muhammad Ershad served as Chief Martial Law Administrator and de facto head of state.

[120] Served as Chief Martial Law Administrator until 30 March 1984.

[121] Acting for Zillur Rahman until 20 March 2013.

[122] Term ends on 24 April 2028.

[131] Senior Minister.

[132] Simultaneously served as President.

[1] "Gangaridai". Banglapedia. Archived from the original on 28 February 2022. Retrieved 28 February 2022.

[2] "Sena Dynasty". Banglapedia. Retrieved 8 January 2025.

[3] "Deva Dynasty". Banglapedia. Archived from the original on 8 July 2023. Retrieved 8 January 2025.

[4] "Bakhtiyar Khalji". Banglapedia. Retrieved 8 January 2025.

[5] Majumdar, R. C. (1973). History of Mediaeval Bengal. Calcutta: G. Bharadwaj & Co. pp. 1–2. OCLC 1031074. Tradition gives him credit for the conquest of Bengal but as a matter of fact he could not subjugate the greater part of Bengal ... All that Bakhtyār can justly take credit for is that by his conquest of Western and a part of Northern Bengal he laid the foundation of the Muslim State in Bengal. The historians of the 13th century never attributed the conquest of the whole of Bengal to Bakhtyār.

[6] Arnold, Thomas Walker (1913) [First published 1896]. The Preaching of Islam: A History of the Propagation of the Muslim Faith (2nd ed.). London: Constable & Company. p. 227.

[sen2-7] Sen, Sailendra (2013). A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books. pp. 68–102. ISBN 978-9-38060-734-4.

[bp-history-8] 8.0 ^8.1 "History". Banglapedia.org. Archived from the original on 29 December 2024. Retrieved 8 January 2025.

[9] Nanda, J. N (2005). Bengal: the unique state. Concept Publishing Company. p. 10. 2005. ISBN 978-81-8069-149-2. Bengal [...] was rich in the production and export of grain, salt, fruit, liquors and wines, precious metals, and ornaments besides the output of its handlooms in silk and cotton. Europe referred to Bengal as the richest country to trade with.

[10] "Iliyas Shah". Banglapedia. Archived from the original on 6 January 2022. Retrieved 8 January 2025.

[11] "Husain Shah". Banglapedia. Archived from the original on 22 June 2024. Retrieved 8 January 2025.

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-{{Short description|List of rulers of Bengal region of Indian subcontinent}}
+{{Short description|None}}
 {{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
 {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}}
+{{Multiple issues|
+{{more citations needed|date=December 2023}}
+{{Unreliable sources|date=December 2023}}
+{{Original research|date=December 2023}}}}
 {{History of Bengal}}
 {{Bengalis}}
-This is a '''list of rulers of Bengal'''. For much of [[History of Bengal|its history]], [[Bengal]] was split up into several independent kingdoms, completely unifying only several times. In [[Kingdoms of Ancient India|ancient times]], Bengal consisted of the kingdoms of [[Pundra Kingdom|Pundra]], [[Suhma Kingdom|Suhma]], [[Vanga Kingdom|Vanga]], [[Samatata]] and [[Harikela]].
+This is a '''list of rulers of Bengal'''. For much of [[History of Bengal|its history]], [[Bengal]] was split up into several independent kingdoms, completely unifying only several times. In [[Kingdoms of Ancient India|ancient times]], Bengal consisted of the kingdoms of [[Pundra kingdom|Pundra]], [[Suhma kingdom|Suhma]], [[Vanga kingdom|Vanga]], [[Samatata]] and [[Harikela]].
-In the 4th century BCE, during the reign of the [[Nanda Empire]], the powerful rulers of [[Gangaridai]] sent their forces with the [[war elephant]]s which led the withdrawal of [[Alexander the Great]] from the [[Indian subcontinent]].
+In the 4th century BCE, during the reign of the [[Nanda Empire]], the powerful rulers of [[Gangaridai]] sent their forces consisting of [[war elephant]]s which led to the withdrawal of [[Alexander the Great]] from the [[Indian subcontinent]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gangaridai |url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Gangaridai |access-date=28 February 2022 |website=Banglapedia |archive-date=28 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228043701/https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Gangaridai |url-status=live}}</ref>
-As a province of the [[Mauryan Empire]], much of Bengal was part of it except for the far eastern Bengali kingdoms which maintained friendly relationships with [[Ashoka]]. The kingdoms of Bengal continued to exist as [[tributary states]] before succumbing to the [[Guptas]]. With the fall of the [[Gupta Empire]], Bengal was united under a single local ruler, King [[Shashanka]], for the first time. With the collapse of his kingdom, Bengal split up into [[petty kingdoms]] once more.
+With the rise of [[Gopala]] in 750 AD, Bengal was united once more under the [[Buddhist]] and [[Shaivism|Shaivite]] [[Pala Empire]]. The Pala period is considered as one of golden eras of Bengali history as it brought stability and prosperity to Bengal after centuries of [[Civil war|Civil War]], created outstanding works of art and architecture, proto-Bengali language developed under them including its first literary work, the Charyapada and so on. They ruled Bengal until the 12th century, before being succeeded by the Buddhist and Hindu [[Chandra dynasty]], [[Sena dynasty]] and [[Deva dynasty]]. The rule of the Sena and Deva dynasty extended over various parts of Bengal,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sena Dynasty |url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Sena_Dynasty#:~:text=Sena%20Dynasty%20ruled%20Bengal%20for,the%20history%20of%20ancient%20Bengal. |access-date=2025-01-08 |website=Banglapedia}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Deva Dynasty |url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Deva_Dynasty |access-date=2025-01-08 |website=Banglapedia |language=en |archive-date=8 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230708134740/https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Deva_Dynasty |url-status=live}}</ref> until the arrival of [[Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khalji|Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji]] as part of the [[Ghurid invasion of Bengal|Ghurid Invasion of Bengal]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bakhtiyar Khalji |url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Bakhtiyar_Khalji |access-date=2025-01-08 |website=Banglapedia}}</ref>   {{citation needed|date=February 2023}}
-With the rise of [[Gopala]] in 750 AD, Bengal was united once more under the Hindu Buddhist [[Pala Empire]] until the 12th century than being succeeded by the Hindu [[Chandra dynasty]], [[Sena dynasty]] and [[deva dynasty]]. After them, Bengal was ruled by the Hindu Maharajas of kingdoms such as Chandradwip and Cooch Behar.
+In the early 13th century, [[Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji]] conquered the Western and parts of Northern Bengal,<ref>{{cite book |last=Majumdar |first=R. C. |author-link=R.C. Majumdar |year=1973 |title=History of Mediaeval Bengal |location=Calcutta |publisher=G. Bharadwaj & Co. |pages=1–2 |oclc=1031074 |quote=Tradition gives him credit for the conquest of Bengal but as a matter of fact he could not subjugate the greater part of Bengal ... All that Bakhtyār can justly take credit for is that by his conquest of Western and a part of Northern Bengal he laid the foundation of the Muslim State in Bengal. The historians of the 13th century never attributed the conquest of the whole of Bengal to Bakhtyār.}}</ref> and established the first [[Khalji dynasty (Bengal)|Muslim kingdom in Bengal]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Arnold |first=Thomas Walker |author-link=Thomas Walker Arnold |year=1913 |orig-year=First published 1896 |title=The Preaching of Islam: A History of the Propagation of the Muslim Faith |url=https://archive.org/details/preachingofislam00arno/page/277/mode/1up |url-access=registration |edition=2nd |location=London |publisher=Constable & Company |page=227}}</ref> The [[Delhi Sultanate]], under various Islamic dynasties such as the [[Mamluk Sultanate (Delhi)|Mamluk Sultanate]], the [[Khalji dynasty]], the Turko-Indian [[Tughlaq dynasty]], the [[Sayyid dynasty]] and the [[Lodi dynasty]] ruled over various parts Bengal for some 300 years, interrupted and frequently challenged by local muslim rulers of Bengal.<ref name="sen2">{{Cite book |last=Sen |first=Sailendra |title=A Textbook of Medieval Indian History |publisher=Primus Books |year=2013 |isbn=978-9-38060-734-4 |pages=68–102}}</ref><ref name="bp-history" />
-In the early 13th century, [[Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji]] conquered Western and part of Northern Bengal,<ref>{{cite book |last=Majumdar |first=R. C. |author-link=R.C. Majumdar |year=1973 |title=History of Mediaeval Bengal |location=Calcutta |publisher=G. Bharadwaj & Co. |pages=1–2 |oclc=1031074 |quote=Tradition gives him credit for the conquest of Bengal but as a matter of fact he could not subjugate the greater part of Bengal ... All that Bakhtyār can justly take credit for is that by his conquest of Western and a part of Northern Bengal he laid the foundation of the Muslim State in Bengal. The historians of the 13th century never attributed the conquest of the whole of Bengal to Bakhtyār.}}</ref> and established the first Muslim kingdom in Bengal.<ref>{{cite book |last=Arnold |first=Thomas Walker |author-link=Thomas Walker Arnold |year=1913 |orig-year=First published 1896 |title=The Preaching of Islam: A History of the Propagation of the Muslim Faith |url=https://archive.org/details/preachingofislam00arno/page/277/mode/1up |url-access=registration |edition=2nd |location=London |publisher=Constable & Company |page=227}}</ref> The Islamic [[Mamluk Sultanate (Delhi)|Mamluk Sultanate]], the [[Khalji dynasty]], the Turko-Indian [[Tughlaq dynasty]], the [[Sayyid dynasty]] and the [[Lodi dynasty]] ruled Bengal for over 320 years.<ref name="sen2">{{Cite book |last=Sen |first=Sailendra |title=A Textbook of Medieval Indian History |publisher=Primus Books |year=2013 |isbn=978-9-38060-734-4 |pages=68–102}}</ref> Notable was [[Malik Altunia]]'s reign with his wife [[Razia Sultana]], the only female sovereign ruler.
+The [[Bengal Sultanate]], a major [[trading nation]] in the world,<ref>Nanda, J. N (2005). {{cite book |year=2005 |title=Bengal: the unique state |publisher=Concept Publishing Company. p. 10. |isbn=978-81-8069-149-2 |quote=Bengal [...] was rich in the production and export of grain, salt, fruit, liquors and wines, precious metals, and ornaments besides the output of its handlooms in silk and cotton. Europe referred to Bengal as the richest country to trade with.}}</ref> was founded in 1342 by [[Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah]], after he united Satgaon, Lakhnauti and Sonargaon.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Iliyas Shah |url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Iliyas_Shah |access-date=2025-01-08 |website=Banglapedia |archive-date=6 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106060514/https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Iliyas_Shah |url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Ilyas Shahi dynasty]] ruled Bengal for nearly 150 years. The [[Hussain Shahi dynasty]] founded by [[Alauddin Husain Shah]], reached its greatest territorial extent which saw the extension of the sultanate from modern [[Bihar]] and [[Odisha]] in the west, to [[Kamarupa|Kamaraupa]] and the port of [[Chittagong]] in the east, witnessing the arrival of the earliest [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]] merchants.<ref name="bp-history">{{Cite web |title=History |url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/History |access-date=2025-01-08 |website=Banglapedia.org |language=en |archive-date=29 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241229062902/https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/History |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Husain Shah |url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Husain_Shah |access-date=2025-01-08 |website=Banglapedia |archive-date=22 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240622225258/https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Husain_Shah |url-status=live}}</ref>
-Following [[Delhi Sultanate]]'s reign, the [[Bengal Sultanate]], a major [[trading nation]] in the world,<ref>Nanda, J. N (2005). {{cite book |year=2005 |title=Bengal: the unique state |publisher=Concept Publishing Company. p. 10. |isbn=978-81-8069-149-2 |quote=Bengal [...] was rich in the production and export of grain, salt, fruit, liquors and wines, precious metals, and ornaments besides the output of its handlooms in silk and cotton. Europe referred to Bengal as the richest country to trade with.}}</ref> was founded by [[Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah]], and ruled by the [[Ilyas Shahi dynasty]], succeeded by the [[Hussain Shahi dynasty]] founded by [[Alauddin Husain Shah]], which saw the extension of the sultanate to the port of [[Chittagong]], witnessing the arrival of the earliest [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]] merchants.
+== Ancient Bengal ==
+{{main|History of Bengal}}
-After being absorbed to the [[Bengal Subah]] by [[Babur]] in the 16th century during the defeat of [[Sultan]] [[Nasiruddin Nasrat Shah]] in the [[Battle of Ghaghra]], Bengal became the most economically advanced region in the world,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://archive.dhakatribune.com/heritage/2014/dec/20/paradise-nations |title=The paradise of nations &#124; Dhaka Tribune |website=Archive.dhakatribune.com |date=20 December 2014 |access-date=7 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216011429/http://archive.dhakatribune.com/heritage/2014/dec/20/paradise-nations |archive-date=16 December 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Poverty From The Wealth of Nations: Integration and Polarization in the Global Economy since 1760 |author=M. Shahid Alam |publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media]] |year=2016 |page=32 |isbn=978-0-333-98564-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=suKKCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA32 |author-link=M. Shahid Alam}}</ref><ref name="star">{{cite news |last=Khandker |first=Hissam |date=31 July 2015 |title=Which India is claiming to have been colonised? |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/op-ed/politics/which-india-claiming-have-been-colonised-119284 |newspaper=The Daily Star |type=Op-ed}}</ref> and started to be ruled by the [[Subahdar]]s of the [[Mughal Empire]]. Emperor [[Akbar]] began to preach the newly invented religion of [[Din-i Ilahi]], which was declared by the [[Qadi]] of Bengal to be a [[blasphemy]]. [[Islam Khan I]] declared [[Dhaka]] as the capital of Bengal, which was then known as [[Jahangir Nagar]], renamed after emperor [[Jahangir]]. The reign of prince [[Shah Shuja (Mughal prince)|Shah Shuja]] under emperor [[Shah Jahan]]'s orders represented the height of [[Mughal architecture]]. During the period of [[proto-industrialization]], when Bengal was ruled by emperor [[Aurangzeb]]'s relatives such as Subedar [[Shaista Khan]], [[Muhammad Azam Shah]], and [[Azim-ush-Shan]], the region was fully ruled through [[Fatwa Alamgiri]], a hybrid body of [[Hanafi]] law based on [[sharia]] and was controversially described as the Paradise of the Nations.<ref name="voss">{{cite book |title=The Ashgate Companion to the History of Textile Workers, 1650–2000 |author1=Lex Heerma van Voss |author2=Els Hiemstra-Kuperus |author3=Elise van Nederveen Meerkerk |chapter=The Long Globalization and Textile Producers in India |publisher=[[Ashgate Publishing]] |year=2010 |page=255 |isbn=9780754664284 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f95ljbhfjxIC&pg=PA255}}</ref>
+=== Ancient geopolitical divisions ===
-After the decline of the Mughal Empire, the [[Nawabs of Bengal and Murshidabad]] ruled over Bengal and [[Odisha]]. Nawab [[Alivardi Khan]] came victorious against the [[Maratha Empire]] in the  [[Battle of Burdwan]]. Following the [[Battle of Plassey]] and the execution of [[Siraj ud-Daulah]], the [[East India Company]] formally established control over Bengal, and the [[Bengal Presidency]] was established by [[Robert Clive]], with the subdivision remaining the economic, cultural and educational hub of the [[Company rule in India|Company]] and the [[British Raj|Raj]].
+[[Image:Ancient Political Divisions.jpg|thumb|Ancient Political Divisions]]
-The position of the [[Prime Minister of Bengal]] was established in 1937, being held by [[A. K. Fazlul Huq]] and [[Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy]]. After the [[Indian independence movement]] and [[Partition of Bengal (1947)]], the [[West Bengal]] became a major state of the [[Republic of India]], while the Muslim majority [[East Bengal]] became known as [[East Pakistan]]. In 1971 East Bengal became an independent nation, [[Bangladesh]], following the [[Bangladesh Liberation War]], governed by [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]], [[Ziaur Rahman]] and [[Hussain Muhammad Ershad]].
-== Ancient kingdoms of Bengal ==
-{{main|Bengal}}
 {| class="wikitable"
@@ Line 32: / Line 31: @@
 | [[Pundravardhana]] || [[Rajshahi Division]] and [[Rangpur Division]] in Bangladesh; [[Malda division]] of [[West Bengal]] in India
 |-
-| [[Vanga Kingdom|Vanga]] ||[[Khulna Division]] and [[Barisal Division]] in Bangladesh; [[Presidency division]] and [[Medinipur division]] of West Bengal in India
+| [[Vanga kingdom|Vanga]] ||[[Khulna Division]] and [[Barisal Division]] in Bangladesh; West of the Padma river.
 |-
 | [[Tirabhukti]] || [[Mithila (region)|Mithila]] area of India and Nepal
+|-
+| [[Gauda kingdom|Gauda]] || Modern [[Malda, West Bengal|Malda]] and [[Murshidabad]] districts of West Bengal, India
 |-
 | [[Suhma]] || [[Burdwan division]], Medinipur division and Presidency division of West Bengal in India
 |-
-| [[Rarh]] || Location unclear; probable location in West Bengal of India
+| [[Rarh]] || Corresponds to the modern Bardhaman, Bankura, Hooghly and Nadia districts of West Bengal in India
 |-
 | [[Samatata]] || [[Dhaka Division]], Barisal Division and [[Chittagong Division]] in Bangladesh
 |-
 | [[Harikela]] || [[Sylhet Division]], Chittagong Division, Dhaka Division and Barisal Division in Bangladesh
-|-
-| [[Pragjyotisha Kingdom|Pragjyotisa]] || [[Karimganj district]] of [[Barak Valley]] region of [[Assam]] in India; Sylhet Division and Dhaka Division in Bangladesh
 |}
-[[Image:Ancient Political Divisions.jpg|thumb|Ancient Political Divisions]]
+The founders of [[Anga kingdom|Angas]], [[Vanga kingdom|Vangas]], [[Kalinga (Mahabharata)|Kalingas]], [[Pundra kingdom|Pundras]], [[Odra kingdom|Odras]] and [[Suhma kingdom|Suhmas]] shared a common ancestry. They were all adopted sons of a king named [[Bali (Chandravanshi)|Bali]], born by a sage named [[Dirghatamas|Gautama Dirghatamas]], who lived in [[Magadha kingdom|Magadha]] close to the city of [[Girivraja]].<ref>"The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa" Translated into English Prose, Bharata Press, Calcutta (1883–1896)</ref>
-===Six kingdoms of Maharaja Bali===
-The founders of [[Anga Kingdom|Angas]], [[Vanga Kingdom|Vangas]], [[Kalinga (Mahabharata)|Kalingas]], [[Pundra Kingdom|Pundras]], [[Odra Kingdom|Odras]] and [[Suhma Kingdom|Suhmas]] shared a common ancestry. They were all adopted sons of a king named [[Bali (Chandravanshi)]], born by a sage named Gautama [[Dirghatamas]], who lived in [[Magadha Kingdom|Magadha]] close to the city of [[Girivraja]].<ref>"The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa" Translated into English Prose, Bharata Press, Calcutta (1883–1896)</ref>
-====Anga kingdom (c. 1500–550 BCE)====
-{{main|Anga}}
-The earliest mention occurs in the [[Atharvaveda]] (V.22.14) where they are listed alongside the [[Magadhan|Magadhas]], [[Gandhara|Gandharis]] and the Mujavatas, all apparently as a despised people. Puranic texts place the janapadas of the Angas, [[Kalinga (historical kingdom)|Kalingas]], Vangas, Pundras (or [[Pundra Kingdom]] – now some part of Eastern [[Bihar]], [[West Bengal]] and [[Bangladesh]]), Vidarbhas, and [[Vindhya]]-vasis in the ''Purva-Dakshina'' division.<ref>Digha Nikaya</ref>
+;Bengal from c. 1100 to c. 600 BCE
+[[File:Late Vedic Culture (1100-500 BCE).png|thumb|Bengal and kingdoms in [[Vedic Period|Late Vedic Period]] c. 1100–600 BCE]]
+;Bengal from c. 600 to c. 350 BCE
+[[File:Mahajanapadas (c. 500 BCE).png|thumb|Bengal and kingdoms in [[Mahajanapada|Mahajanapada Period]] c. 600–350 BCE]]
+;Bengal in c. 350 BCE
+[[File:Nanda Empire, c.325 BCE.png|thumb|Firstly, the entirety of Bengal was conquered by [[Mahapadma Nanda]] in 350 BCE]]
-It was also a great center of trade and commerce and its merchants regularly sailed to distant '''Suwanabhumi'''. Anga was annexed by Magadha in the time of [[Bimbisara]]. This was the one and only conquest of Bimbisara
+=== Anga kingdom (c. 1100–530 BCE) ===
-<ref>The ''[[Garuda Purana]]'' 55.12; V.D. I.9.4; the ''[[Markendeya Purana]]'' 56.16–18</ref>
+{{main|Anga}}{{POV section|date=November 2023}}{{see also|Magadha-Anga war}}
-Known Anga rulers are:
+The earliest mention occurs in the [[Atharvaveda]] (V.22.14) where they are listed alongside the [[Magadhan|Magadhas]], [[Gandhara|Gandharis]] and the Mujavatas.<ref>Digha Nikaya</ref> Anga was annexed by Magadha in the time of [[Bimbisara]]. This was the one and only conquest of Bimbisara.<ref>The ''[[Garuda Purana]]'' 55.12; V.D. I.9.4; the ''[[Markendeya Purana]]'' 56.16–18</ref>
-* Maharaja Anga – (founder of the kingdom and son of King Vali)
+Known Anga rulers include:
-* Karna
+* Maharaj Anga – (founder of the kingdom and son of King [[Bali (Chandravanshi)|Bali]])
-* Brihadratha
+* [[King Romapada|Romapada]]
-* Vrishaketu – Son & 'Chief of the Angas'.
+* [[Brihadratha]]
-* Samudrasena
+* [[Karna|Angaraj Karna]]
-* Chandrasena
+* [[Vrishaketu]] – (son of Karna)
 * Tamralipta
 * Lomapada
@@ Line 74: / Line 71: @@
 * Vrihadratha
 * Vasuhoma
-* Dhatarattha (noted in the [[Mahabharata]]).
+* Dhatarattha
-* Dhadivahana (also noted in the [[Mahabharata]]).
+* Dhadivahana
-* Brahmadatta – Last king of Anga.
+* [[Brahmadatta of Anga|Brahmadatta]] – (last king of Anga kingdom)
-====Vanga kingdom (c. 1500–550 BCE)====
+=== Vanga kingdom (c. 1100–340 BCE) ===
-{{main|Vanga}}
+{{main|Vanga Kingdom}}
-Vanga was an ancient kingdom and geopolitical division on the [[Ganges delta]] in the [[Indian subcontinent]]. The kingdom is one of the namesakes of the [[Bengal]] region.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/West-Bengal#ref486986 |title=West Bengal &#124; History, Culture, Map, Capital, & Population &#124; Britannica}}</ref> It was located in southern Bengal, with the core region including present-day southwestern [[Bangladesh]] and southern [[West Bengal]] ([[India]]).
+Vanga was an ancient kingdom and geopolitical division on the [[Ganges delta]]. It was located in southern Bengal, with the core region including present-day southwestern [[Bangladesh]] and southern [[West Bengal]] (India).<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/West-Bengal#ref486986 |title=West Bengal &#124; History, Culture, Map, Capital, & Population &#124; Britannica |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=17 April 2021 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417223652/https://www.britannica.com/place/West-Bengal#ref486986 |url-status=live}}</ref>
-The religious traditions of the kingdom afflicted with [[Hinduism]].<ref name="Bhaṭṭācārya2008">{{cite book |author=Malaẏaśaṅkara Bhaṭṭācārya |title=Glimpses of Buddhist Bengal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FmFTAAAAYAAJ |year=2008 |publisher=Indian Institute of Oriental Studies & Research |isbn=978-81-901371-7-1}}</ref>
-Known rulers of Vanga are:
+Known Vanga rulers are:
-At (2:29) two rulers Samudrasena and Chadrasena were mentioned.
+* Samudrasena
+* Chandrasena
+* Karna
+* Bhagabhatta
-====Pundra kingdom (c. 1500–550 BCE)====
+=== Pundra kingdom (c. 1100–340 BCE) ===
 {{main|Pundravardhana}}
-Pundravardhana or Pundra Kingdom, was an ancient kingdom during the [[Iron Age#South Asia|Iron Age]] period in [[South Asia]] with a territory that included parts of present-day [[Rajshahi Division|Rajshahi]] and [[Rangpur Division]]s of Bangladesh as well as the [[West Dinajpur district]] of West Bengal, India. The capital of the kingdom, then known as ''Pundranagara'' (Pundra city), was located at Mahasthangarh in [[Bogra District]] in northern Bangladesh.<ref name="Hossain">Hossain, Md. Mosharraf, ''Mahasthan: Anecdote to History'', 2006, pp. 69–73, Dibyaprakash, 38/2 ka Bangla Bazar, Dhaka, {{ISBN|984-483-245-4}}</ref><ref name = "Banglapedia">{{cite web |url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Pundravardhana |title=Pundravardhana |access-date=10 November 2007 |last=Ghosh |first=Suchandra |work=Banglapedia |publisher=Asiatic Society of Bangladesh}}</ref><ref name = "RCMajumdar">{{cite book |last=Majumdar |first=R. C. |author-link=R. C. Majumdar |year=1971 |title=History of Ancient Bengal |location=Calcutta |publisher=G. Bhardwaj & Co. |pages=5, 13 |oclc=961157849 |quote=Karatoya still flows by the ruins of this ancient city [Punḍravardhana] at Mahasthangarh in the Bogra district ... the Punḍra-''nagara'' of an old Brāhmī inscription ... Indian literature and inscriptions proves that it included considerable portions of the present Bogra, Rajshahi and Dinajpur districts}}.</ref>
+Pundravardhana or Pundra Kingdom, was an ancient kingdom, that included parts of present-day [[Rajshahi Division|Rajshahi]] and [[Rangpur Division]]s of [[Bangladesh]] as well as the [[West Dinajpur district]] of [[West Bengal]] in India.<ref name="Hossain">>{{cite book |last1=Hossain |first1=Md. Mosharraf |title=Mahasthan: Anecdote to History |year=2006 |publisher=Dibyaprakash |pages=69, 73 |isbn=984-483-245-4}}</ref><ref name = "Banglapedia">{{cite web |url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Pundravardhana |title=Pundravardhana |access-date=10 November 2007 |last=Ghosh |first=Suchandra |work=Banglapedia |publisher=Asiatic Society of Bangladesh |archive-date=23 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170623150622/http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Pundravardhana |url-status=live}}</ref>
-Known rulers of Pundra are:
-Paundraka Vasudeva
-====Suhama kingdom (c. 1500–550 BCE)====
+Known Pundra rulers are:
-{{main|Suhma}}
+* [[Paundraka Vasudeva]]
-Suhma Kingdom was an ancient state during the [[Vedic period]] on the eastern part of the [[Bengal]].This kingdom was mentioned in the epic [[Mahabharata]] along with its neighbouring kingdom ''Prasuhma''.
+=== Suhma kingdom (c. 1100–340 BCE) ===
-[[Bhima]] vanquished in battle the Suhmas and the Prasuhmas.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Klidsa |url=http://archive.org/details/raghuvamsaofkali00kliduoft |title=The Raghuvamsa of Kalidasa : with the commentary (the Samjivani) of Mallinatha ; Cantos I-X ; edited with a literal English translation, copious notes in Sanskrit and English, and various readings &c. &c. by M.R. Kale |last2=Mallinatha. Sajvan |last3=Kle |first3=M. R. (Moreshvar Ramchandra) |date=1922 |publisher=Bombay : P.S. Rege |others=Robarts - University of Toronto}}</ref>
+{{main|Suhma kingdom}}
-===Tirabhukti kingdom (c. 1200–510 BCE)===
+Suhma kingdom was an ancient state during the [[Vedic period]] on the eastern part of the [[Bengal]].This kingdom was mentioned in the epic [[Mahabharata]] along with its neighbouring kingdom ''Prasuhma''.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Klidsa |url=http://archive.org/details/raghuvamsaofkali00kliduoft |title=The Raghuvamsa of Kalidasa : with the commentary (the Samjivani) of Mallinatha; Cantos I-X; edited with a literal English translation, copious notes in Sanskrit and English, and various readings &c. &c. by M.R. Kale |last2=Mallinatha. Sajvan |last3=Kle |first3=M. R. (Moreshvar Ramchandra) |date=1922 |publisher=Bombay : P.S. Rege |others=Robarts - University of Toronto}}</ref>
-{{main|Tirabhukti}}
-Tirabhukti  region is bounded by the [[Mahananda River]] in the east, the [[Ganges]] in the south, the [[Gandaki River]] in the west and by the foothills of the [[Himalayas]] in the north.<ref name=Jha1997>{{cite book |author=Jha, M. |year=1997 |chapter=Hindu Kingdoms at contextual level |title=Anthropology of Ancient Hindu Kingdoms: A Study in Civilizational Perspective |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A0i94Z5C8HMC&pg=PA27 |pages=27–42 |publisher=M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd |location=New Delhi |isbn=9788175330344}}</ref>
+=== Chola Empire(c. 848–1279 BCE) ===
+{{Main|Chola Empire}}
-===Gangaridai kingdom (c. 450–250 BCE)===
+=== Videha dynasty of Mithila (Tirabhukti) (c. 1100–700 BCE) ===
-{{main|Gangaridai}}
+{{main|Videha|Mithila (region)}}
+{{see also|History of Mithila Region}}
+Tirabhukti or Mithila region is bounded by the [[Mahananda River]] in the east, the [[Ganges]] in the south, the [[Gandaki River]] in the west and by the foothills of the [[Himalayas]] in the north.<ref name=Jha1997>{{cite book |author=Jha, M. |year=1997 |chapter=Hindu Kingdoms at contextual level |title=Anthropology of Ancient Hindu Kingdoms: A Study in Civilizational Perspective |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A0i94Z5C8HMC&pg=PA27 |pages=27–42 |publisher=M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd |location=New Delhi |isbn=9788175330344}}</ref>
-Gangaridae is a term used by the ancient [[Greco-Roman]] writers to describe a [[people]] or a geographical region of the ancient [[Indian subcontinent]]. Some of these writers state that [[Alexander the Great]] withdrew from the Indian subcontinent because of the strong [[war elephant]] force of the Gangaridai. However, the geographical region was annexed and governed by the [[Nanda Empire]] at the time.
+Mithila region firstly ruled by [[Videha|Videha dynasty]]. There were 52 ''Janaka'' (kings) ruled Videha dynasty of Mithila-<ref>{{cite web |author1=Kamal Kant Jha |author2=Pt. Sri ganeshrai Vidyabhushan |author3=Dhanakar Thakur |title=A Brief History of Mithila State Bihar Articles |url=http://www.bihar.ws/info/Cultural-regions-of-Bihar/A-Brief-History-of-Mithila-State.html |access-date=10 January 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301094238/http://www.bihar.ws/info/Cultural-regions-of-Bihar/A-Brief-History-of-Mithila-State.html |archive-date=1 March 2012 |language=en |url-status=live}}</ref>
-A number of modern scholars locate Gangaridai in the [[Ganges Delta]] of the [[Bengal]] region, although alternative theories also exist. Gange or Ganges, the capital of the Gangaridai (according to [[Ptolemy]]), has been identified with several sites in the region, including [[Chandraketugarh]] and [[Wari-Bateshwar ruins|Wari-Bateshwar]].<ref>{{cite web |title=History |quote=Shah-i-Bangalah, Shah-i-Bangaliyan and Sultan-i-Bangalah |url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=History |website=Banglapedia |access-date=23 September 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929104319/http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=History |archive-date=29 September 2017 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
+# Mithi (founder of Mithila and the first Janaka)<ref name="Singh">''Encyclopaedia of Hinduism''. Nagendra Kumar Singh, p. 3239.</ref>
+# Udavasu
+# Nandivardhana
+# Suketu
+# Devarata
+# Brihadvrata
+# Mahavira
+# Sudhriti
+# Dristaketu
+# Haryasva
+# Maru
+# Pratindhaka
+# Kritiratha
+# Devamidha
+# Vibhuta
+# Mahidhrata
+# Kirtirata
+# Mahorama
+# Swarnorama
+# Hrisvaroma
+# Seeradhwaja
+# Bhaanumaan
+# Shatadyumn
+# Shuchi
+# Oorjnaamaa
+# Kriti
+# Anjan
+# Kurujit
+# Arishtnemi
+# Shrutaayu
+# Supaarshwa
+# Srinjaya
+# Kshemaavee
+# Anenaa
+# Bhaumarath
+# Satyarath
+# Upagu
+# Upagupt
+# Swaagat
+# Swaanand
+# Suvarchaa
+# Supaarshwa
+# Subhaash
+# Sushrut
+# Jaya
+# Vijaya
+# Rit
+# Sunaya
+# Veetahavya
+# Dhriti
+# Bahulaashwa
+# Kriti (last King of Videha or Janaka dynasty, Kirti Janak was atrocious ruler who lost control over his subjects. He was dethroned by public under leadership of [[Acharya]]s (Learned Men).
-===Samatata kingdom (c. 300 BCE–400 CE)===
+During this period of fall of Videha dynasty, the famous republic of [[Licchavi (clan)|Licchavi]] was rising in [[Vaishali (ancient city)|Vaishali]] and Mithila region came under control of Licchavi clan of [[Vajji|Vajji confederacy]] in around eighth century BCE.<ref>Raychaudhuri, Hemchandra (1972), ''Political History of Ancient India'', University of Calcutta, Calcutta, pp. 106–113, 186–90</ref>
-{{main|Samatata}}
-Samatata was an ancient kingdom of [[Bengal]]. The [[Greco-Roman world|Greco-Roman]] account of ''Sounagoura'' is linked to the kingdom of Samatata. Its territory corresponded to much of present-day eastern [[Bangladesh]] and [[Myanmar]] (particularly [[Dhaka Division]], [[Sylhet Division]], [[Barisal Division]], [[Rakhine State]] and [[Chittagong Division]]). The area covers the trans-[[Meghna River|Meghna]] part of the [[Bengal delta]].
+=== Gangaridai kingdom (c. 350–100 BCE) ===
-Archaeological evidence in the [[Wari-Bateshwar ruins]], particularly [[punch-marked coins]], indicate that Samatata was a province of the [[Mauryan Empire]]. The Allahabad pillar inscriptions of the Indian emperor Samudragupta describe Samatata as a [[tributary state]].
+{{main|Gangaridai}}
-===Harikela kingdom (c. 300 BCE–202 CE)===
+Gangaridae is a term used by the ancient [[Greco-Roman]] writers to describe a people or a geographical region of the ancient [[Indian subcontinent]]. Some of these writers state that [[Alexander the Great]] withdrew from the Indian subcontinent because of the strong [[war elephant]] force of the Gangaridai. However, the geographical region was annexed and governed by the [[Nanda Empire]] at the time.
-{{main|Harikela}}
-Harikela was a kingdom in [[Bengal]] encompassing much of the eastern regions. There are numerous references to the kingdom in historical texts of Hindu and Buddhist records as well as archeological artifacts including silver coinage.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ray |first=Niharranjan |title=History of the Bengali People |year=1994 |publisher=Orient Longman Ltd. |location=Calcutta |pages=84}}</ref> Harikela kingdom overthrowed by [[Chandra dynasty]].
+A number of modern scholars locate Gangaridai in the [[Ganges Delta]] of the [[Bengal]] region, although alternative theories also exist. Gange or Ganges, the capital of the Gangaridai (according to [[Ptolemy]]), has been identified with several sites in the region, including [[Chandraketugarh]] and [[Wari-Bateshwar ruins|Wari-Bateshwar]].<ref>{{cite web |title=History |quote=Shah-i-Bangalah, Shah-i-Bangaliyan and Sultan-i-Bangalah |url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=History |website=Banglapedia |access-date=23 September 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929104319/http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=History |archive-date=29 September 2017 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
 == Magadha dynasties of Bengal ==
 {{main|Magadha}}
-[[File:Magadha Expansion 1.gif|thumb|Expansion of Magadha dynesties and Empires]]
+[[File:Magadha Expansion 1.gif|thumb|Expansion of Magadha dynasties and empires.]]
-=== Brihadratha dynasty (c. 1700 – 682 BCE) ===
+=== Brihadratha dynasty (c. 1700–682 BCE) ===
 {{Main|Brihadratha dynasty}}
@@ Line 137: / Line 187: @@
 !Reign (BCE)
 |-
-| [[Brihadratha]] || - BCE
+| [[Brihadratha]] || – BCE
 |-
-| [[Jarasandha]] || - BCE
+| [[Jarasandha]] || – BCE
 |-
-| [[Sahadeva of Magadha]] || - BCE
+| [[Sahadeva of Magadha]] || – BCE
 |-
 | Somadhi || 1661–1603 BCE
@@ Line 185: / Line 235: @@
 | [[Ripunjaya]] || 732–682 BCE
 |}
-(''[[Ripunjaya]] was the last ruler of dynasty, dethorned by [[Pradyota]] in 682 BCE'')
+(''[[Ripunjaya]] was the last ruler of dynasty, dethroned by [[Pradyota]] in 682 BCE'')
-=== Pradyota dynasty (c. 682 – 544 BCE) ===
+=== Pradyota dynasty (c. 682–544 BCE) ===
 {{main|Pradyota dynasty}}
@@ Line 200: / Line 250: @@
 | 682–659 BCE
 | 23
+|-
+| Gopāla (Abdicated)
+| 659 BCE
+| ~1
 |-
 | Palaka
 | 659–635 BCE
 | 24
+|-
+| Aryaka
+| ?
+| ?
 |-
 | Visakhayupa
@@ Line 217: / Line 275: @@
 | 20
 |}
-(''Varttivarddhana was last ruler of dynasty dethroned by [[Bimbisara]] in 544 BCE'')
+(''Varttivarddhana was the last ruler of the dynasty and was dethroned by [[Bimbisara]] in 544 BCE'')
-=== Haryanka dynasty (c. 544 – 413 BCE) ===
+=== Haryanka dynasty (c. 544–413 BCE) ===
 {{main|Haryanka dynasty}}
@@ Line 228: / Line 286: @@
 !Reign (BCE)
 |-
-| [[Bimbisara]] || 544–491 BCE
+| [[Bimbisara]] || 544–492 BCE
 |-
-| [[Ajatashatru]] || 491–461 BCE
+| [[Ajatashatru]] || 492–460 BCE
 |-
-| [[Udayin]] || 461–428 BCE
+| [[Udayin]] || 460–444 BCE
 |-
-| Anirudha || 428–419 BCE
+| Anirudha || 444–440 BCE
 |-
-| Munda || 419–417 BCE
+| Munda || 440–437 BCE
 |-
-| Darshaka || 417–415 BCE
+| Darshaka || 437 BCE
 |-
-| [[Nāgadāsaka]] || 415–413 BCE
+| [[Nāgadāsaka]] || 437–413 BCE
 |}
-(''[[Nāgadāsaka]] was last ruler of dynasty overthrowed by [[Shishunaga]] in 413 BCE'')
+(''[[Nāgadāsaka]] was the last ruler of the dynasty and was overthrown by [[Shishunaga]] in 413 BCE'')
-=== Shishunaga dynasty (c. 413 – 345 BCE) ===
+=== Shishunaga dynasty (c. 413–345 BCE) ===
 {{main|Shaishunaga dynasty}}
@@ Line 265: / Line 323: @@
 | [[Mahanandin]] || 349–345 BCE
 |}
-''([[Mahanandin]] lost his empire by his illegitimate son [[Mahapadma Nanda]] in 345 BCE)''
+''([[Mahanandin]] lost his empire to his illegitimate son [[Mahapadma Nanda]] in 345 BCE)''
-=== Nanda Empire (c. 345 – 322 BCE) ===
+=== Nanda Empire (c. 345–322 BCE) ===
 {{main|Nanda Empire}}
 {{see also|Conquest of the Nanda Empire}}
@@ Line 279: / Line 338: @@
 | [[Mahapadma Nanda]] || 345–340 BCE
 |-
-| Pandhukananda || 340–339 BCE
+| Pandukananda || 340–339 BCE
 |-
-| Panghupatinanda || 339–338 BCE
+| Pandugatinanda || 339–338 BCE
 |-
 | Bhutapalananda || 338–337 BCE
 |-
-| Rashtrapalananada || 337–336 BCE
+| Rashtrapalananda || 337–336 BCE
 |-
 | Govishanakananda || 336–335 BCE
 |-
-| Dashasidkhakananda || 335–334 BCE
+| Dashasiddhakananda || 335–334 BCE
-|-
-| Kaivartananda || 334–333 BCE
 |-
-| Karvinathanand || 333–330 BCE
+| Kaivartananda || 334–329 BCE
 |-
-| [[Dhana Nanda]] || 330–322 BCE
+| [[Dhana Nanda]] || 329–321 BCE
 |}
 ''([[Dhana Nanda]] lost his empire to [[Chandragupta Maurya]] after being defeated by him in 322 BCE)''
-=== Maurya Empire (c. 322 – 184 BCE) ===
+=== Maurya Empire (c. 322–184 BCE) ===
 {{main|Maurya Empire}}
 ;Rulers-
 {| class="wikitable"
-|- bgcolor=#cccccc
 ! colspan=2 | Ruler!!Reign!!Notes
 |-
-|[[Chandragupta Maurya]]||[[File:Chandragupta Maurya and Bhadrabahu.png|100px]] ||322–297 BCE|| Founder of first Indian united empire.
+|[[Chandragupta Maurya]]||||322–297 BCE|| He was the founder of the first united Indian empire.
 |-
-|[[Bindusara Amitraghata]]||[[File:I42 1karshapana Maurya Bindusara MACW4165 1ar (8486583162).jpg|100px]] ||297–273 BCE||Known for his foreign diplomacy and crushed of [[Vidarbh]] revolt.
+|[[Bindusara Amitraghata]]||||297–273 BCE||Acknowledged by [[Taranatha]], a Tibetan Buddhist Lama, for his foreign diplomacy, and territorial conquests. His Sanskrit name "Amitraghata" means "Slayer of Enemies".
 |-
-|[[Ashoka]]||[[File:Ashoka's visit to the Ramagrama stupa Sanchi Stupa 1 Southern gateway.jpg|100px]] ||268–232 BCE||Greatest emperor of dynasty. His son [[Kunala]] was blinded and died before his father. Ashoka was succeeded by his grandson. Also known for [[Kalinga war]] victory.
+|[[Ashoka]]|| ||268–232 BCE||He was the greatest emperor of the dynasty. His son [[Kunala]] was blinded and passed away before him. Ashoka was succeeded by his grandson [[Samprati]]. He is also known for emerging victorious in the [[Kalinga war]] and repenting the sorrow and violence he had caused, leading to him turning to Buddhism. He sent his eldest son [[Mahinda (Buddhist monk)|Mahendra]] (according to Sri Lankan traditions) and his only daughter [[Sanghamitta|Sanghamitra]] (also according to Sri Lankan traditions) to the Kingdom of Anuradhapura as Buddhist missionaries.
 |-
-|[[Dasharatha Maurya]]||[[File:Dasaratha Maurya inscription on entrance of Vadathika cave.jpg|100px]] ||232–224 BCE||Grandson of Ashoka.
+|[[Dasharatha Maurya]]||||232–224 BCE||Brother of [[Ashoka]].
 |-
-|[[Samprati]]||||224–215 BCE||Brother of Dasharatha.
+|[[Samprati]]||||224–215 BCE||Grandson of [[Ashoka]] and son of [[Kunala]].
 |-
-|[[Shalishuka]]||[[File:Mauryan Empire. temp. Salisuka or later. Circa 207-194 BC.jpg|100px]]||215–202 BCE||
+|[[Shalishuka]]||||215–202 BCE||Son of Samprati
 |-
-|[[Devavarman]]||||202–195 BCE||
+|[[Devavarman (Maurya)|Devavarman]]||||202–195 BCE||Son of Shalishuka
 |-
-|[[Shatadhanvan]]||||195–187 BCE|| Mauryan Empire had shrunk by the time of his reign
+|[[Shatadhanvan]]||||195–187 BCE|| The Mauryan Empire had diminished by the time of his reign.
 |-
-|[[Brihadratha Maurya|Brihadratha]]||||187–184 BCE|| Assassinated by his Commander-in-chief [[Pushyamitra Shunga]] in 185 BCE.
+|[[Brihadratha Maurya|Brihadratha]]||||187–184 BCE|| Assassinated by his Commander-in-chief [[Pushyamitra Shunga]] belonging to the [[Shunga Empire]] in 185 BCE.
 |-
 |}
 ''([[Brihadratha Maurya|Brihadratha]] was the last ruler of dynasty, dethroned by [[Pushyamitra Shunga]]  in 185 BCE)''
-=== Shunga Empire (c. 185 – 73 BCE) ===
+=== Shunga Empire (c. 185–73 BCE) ===
 {{main|Shunga Empire}}
@@ Line 357: / Line 413: @@
 | [[Devabhuti]]|| 83–73 BCE
 |}
-''([[Devabhuti]] was the last ruler of dynasty dethroned by, dethroned [[Vasudeva Kanva]] in 73 BCE)''
+''([[Devabhuti]] was the last ruler of the dynasty dethroned by [[Vasudeva Kanva]] in 73 BCE)''
-=== Kanva dynasty (c. 73 – 28 BCE) ===
+=== Kanva dynasty (c. 73–28 BCE) ===
 {{main|Kanva dynasty}}
@@ Line 385: / Line 441: @@
 |10
 |}
-''(Susarman was the last ruler of dynasty, dethroned by [[Simuka]] of [[Satavahana Empire]])''
+''(Susarman was the last ruler of dynasty, dethroned by [[Simuka]] of the [[Satavahana Empire]])''
 == Classical Era ==
-{{Main|Bengal}}
-===Chandra Kingdom (c. 202–1050 CE)===
+===Chandra dynasty (c. 202–1050 CE)===
 {{main|Chandra dynasty|Harikela}}
-The '''Chandra Kingdom''' was a [[Kayastha]] kingdom, originating from the [[Indian subcontinent]], which ruled the [[Samatata]] region of [[Bengal]], as well as northern [[Arakan]]. Later it was a neighbor to the [[Pala Empire]] to the north. Rulers of Chandra kingdom were followers of [[Hinduism]].
+The Chandra Kingdom, which ruled the [[Vanga]]-[[Samatata]] region of [[Bengal]], as well as northern [[Arakan]]. Later it was a neighbour to the [[Pala Empire]] to the north. Rulers of the Chandra kingdom were followers of [[Hinduism]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wicks |first=Robert S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jFpdDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA86 |title=Money, Markets, and Trade in Early Southeast Asia: The Development of Indigenous Monetary Systems to AD 1400 |year=1995 |publisher=Cornell University Press |isbn=978-1-5017-1947-9 |pages=87 |language=en |access-date=12 October 2021 |archive-date=25 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231225070209/https://books.google.com/books?id=jFpdDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA86#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Johnston |first=E. H. |date=1944 |title=Some Sanskrit Inscriptions of Arakan |journal=Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London |volume=11 |issue=2 |pages=357–385 |doi=10.1017/S0041977X00072529 |jstor=609320 |s2cid=191758063 |issn=0041-977X}}</ref>
+;Rulers-
 {| class="wikitable"
 |+List of Chandra dynasty Rulers
@@ Line 405: / Line 461: @@
 |Chandrodaya
 |27
-|202-229
+|202–229
 |-
 |2
 |Annaveta
 |5
-|229-234
+|229–234
 |-
 |3
-|??
+|Chandranveta
 |77
-|234-311
+|234–311
 |-
 |4
 |Rimbhiappa
 |23
-|311-334
+|311–334
 |-
 |5
-|Kuverami (Queen)
+|[[Kuverami]] (Queen)
 |7
-|334-341
+|334–341
 |-
 |6
-|Umavira (Queen)
+|Umavira
 |20
-|341-361
+|341–361
 |-
 |7
 |Jugna
 |7
-|361-368
+|361–368
 |-
 |8
 |Lanki
 |2
-|368-370
+|368–370
 |-
 |9
 |Dvenchandra
 |55
-|370-425
+|370–425
 |-
 |10
 |Rajachandra
 |20
-|425-445
+|425–445
 |-
 |11
 |Kalachandra
 |9
-|445-454
+|445–454
 |-
 |12
 |Devachandra
 |22
-|454-476
+|454–476
 |-
 |13
 |Yajnachandra
 |7
-|476-483
+|476–483
 |-
 |14
 |Chandrabandu
 |6
-|483-489
+|483–489
 |-
 |15
 |Bhumichandra
 |7
-|489-496
+|489–496
 |-
 |16
 |Bhutichandra
 |24
-|496-520
+|496–520
 |-
 |17
-|Nitichandra (Queen)
+|Nitichandra
 |55
-|520-575
+|520–575
 |-
 |18
 |Virachandra
 |3
-|575-578
+|575–578
 |-
 |19
-|Pritichandra (Queen)
+|Pritichandra
 |12
-|578-90
+|578–590
 |-
 |20
 |Prithvichandra
 |7
-|590-597
+|590–597
 |-
 |21
 |Dhirtichandra
 |3
-|597-600
+|597–600
 |-
 |22
 |Mahavira
 |12
-|600-12
+|600–612
 |-
 |23
 |Virayajap
 |12
-|612-24
+|612–624
 |-
 |24
 |Sevinren
 |12
-|624-36
+|624–636
 |-
 |25
 |Dharmasura
 |13
-|636-49
+|636–649
 |-
 |26
 |Vajrashakti
 |16
-|649-65
+|649–665
 |-
 |27
 |Dharmavijaya
 |36
-|665-701
+|665–701
 |-
 |28
 |Narendravijaya
 |2 yr 9 months
-|701-703
+|701–703
 |-
 |29
 |Dharmachandra
 |16
-|703-720
+|703–720
 |-
 |30
 |Anandachandra
 |9+
-|720-729+
+|720–729+
 |-
-| colspan="4" |[[Harikela|Harikela Dynasty]]
+| colspan="4" |[[Harikela|Harikela dynasty]]
 |-
 |1
 |[[Traillokyachandra]]
 |30
 |900–930
@@ Line 565: / Line 621: @@
 |-
 |3
 |[[Kalyanachandra]]
 |25
 |975–1000
 |-
 |4
 |[[Ladahachandra]]
 |20
 |1000–1020
 |-
 |5
 |[[Govindachandra (Chandra dynasty)|Govindachandra]]
 |30
 |1020–1050
-|}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wicks |first=Robert S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jFpdDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA86 |title=Money, Markets, and Trade in Early Southeast Asia: The Development of Indigenous Monetary Systems to AD 1400 |date=2018-05-31 |publisher=Cornell University Press |isbn=978-1-5017-1947-9 |pages=87 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Johnston |first=E. H. |date=1944 |title=Some Sanskrit Inscriptions of Arakan |journal=Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London |volume=11 |issue=2 |pages=357–385 |doi=10.1017/S0041977X00072529 |jstor=609320 |s2cid=191758063 |issn=0041-977X}}</ref>
+|}
-===Gupta Empire (c. 240–550 CE)===
+=== Pushkarana Kingdom (c. 4th century CE) ===
+* Simhavarman
+* [[Chandravarman]]
+=== Gupta Empire (c. 240–550 CE) ===
 {{main|Gupta Empire}}
-* [[Sri-Gupta I]] (240–280)
+;Rulers-
+* [[Sri-Gupta I]] (240–280), the founder of the dynasty.
 * [[Ghatotkacha (Gupta Ruler)|Ghatotkacha]] (280–319)
 * [[Chandragupta I|Chandra Gupta I]] (320–335)
@@ Line 594: / Line 655: @@
 * [[Kumaragupta II|Kumara Gupta II]] (473–476)
 * [[Buddha Gupta]] (476–495)
-* [[Narasimhagupta|Narasimha Gupta]](495–550)
+* [[Narasimhagupta|Narasimha Gupta]](495–540)
+* [[Vainyagupta]] (~507)
 * [[Kumaragupta III|Kumara Gupta III]] (500–540)
-* [[Vishnugupta (Gupta Empire)|Vishnugupta]] (540–550)
+* [[Vishnugupta (Gupta Empire)|Vishnugupta]] (540–550), the last imperial Gupta ruler.
-===Jaintia Kingdom (c. 515–1835 CE) ===
+=== Independent Vanga Kingdom (c. 525–575 CE) ===
+*Gopachandra
+*Dharmadiya
+*Samachardeva
+=== Jaintia kingdom (c. 525–1835 CE) ===
 {{main|Jaintia Kingdom}}
-====Old dynasty====
+==== Old dynasty rulers ====
-#Urmi Rani (?-550)
+*Urmi Rani (?–550)
-#Krishak Pator (550-570)
+*Krishak Pator (550–570)
-#Hatak (570-600)
+*Hatak (570–600)
-#Guhak (600-630)
+*Guhak (600–630)
-====Partitioned Jaintia====
+==== Partitioned Jaintia rulers ====
-#Jayanta (630-660)
+*Jayanta (630–660)
-#Joymalla (660-?)
+*Joymalla (660–?)
-#Mahabal (?)
+*Mahabal (?)
-#Bancharu (?-1100)
+*Bancharu (?–1100)
-#Kamadeva (1100-1120)
+*Kamadeva (1100–1120)
-#Bhimbal (1120)
+*Bhimbal (1120)
-====Brahmin dynasty====
+==== Brahmin dynasty rulers ====
-#Kedareshwar Rai (1120-1130)
+*Kedareshwar Rai (1120–1130)
-#Dhaneshwar Rai (1130-1150)
+*Dhaneshwar Rai (1130–1150)
-#Kandarpa Rai (1150-1170)
+*Kandarpa Rai (1150–1170)
-#Manik Rai (1170-1193)
+*Manik Rai (1170–1193)
-#Jayanta Rai (1193-1210)
+*Jayanta Rai (1193–1210)
-#Jayanti Devi
+*Jayanti Devi
-#Bara Gossain
+*Bara Gossain
-====New dynasty====
+==== New dynasty rulers ====
-#Prabhat Ray Syiem Sutnga (1500–1516)
+*Prabhat Ray Syiem Sutnga (1500–1516)
-#Majha Gosain Syiem Sutnga (1516–1532)
+*Majha Gosain Syiem Sutnga (1516–1532)
-#Burha Parbat Ray Syiem Sutnga (1532–1548)
+*Burha Parbat Ray Syiem Sutnga (1532–1548)
-#Bar Gosain Syiem Sutnga I (1548–1564)
+*Bar Gosain Syiem Sutnga I (1548–1564)
-#Bijay Manik Syiem Sutnga (1564–1580)
+*Bijay Manik Syiem Sutnga (1564–1580)
-#Pratap Ray Syiem Sutnga (1580–1596)
+*Pratap Ray Syiem Sutnga (1580–1596)
-#Dhan Manik Syiem Sutnga (1596–1612)
+*Dhan Manik Syiem Sutnga (1596–1612)
-#Jasa Manik Syiem Sutnga (1612–1625)
+*Jasa Manik Syiem Sutnga (1612–1625)
-#Sundar Ray Syiem Sutnga (1625–1636)
+*Sundar Ray Syiem Sutnga (1625–1636)
-#Chota Parbat Ray Syiem Sutnga (1636–1647)
+*Chota Parbat Ray Syiem Sutnga (1636–1647)
-#Jasamanta Ray Syiem Sutnga (1647–1660)
+*Jasamanta Ray Syiem Sutnga (1647–1660)
-#Ban Singh Syiem Sutnga (1660–1669)
+*Ban Singh Syiem Sutnga (1660–1669)
-#Pratap Singh Syiem Sutnga (1669–1678)
+*Pratap Singh Syiem Sutnga (1669–1678)
-#Lakshmi Narayan Syiem Sutnga (1678–1694)
+*Lakshmi Narayan Syiem Sutnga (1678–1694)
-#Ram Singh Syiem Sutnga I (1694–1708)
+*Ram Singh Syiem Sutnga I (1694–1708)
-#Jay Narayan Syiem Sutnga (1708–1731)
+*Jay Narayan Syiem Sutnga (1708–1731)
-#Bar Gosain Syiem Sutnga II (1731–1770)
+*Bar Gosain Syiem Sutnga II (1731–1770)
-#Chattra Singh Syiem Sutnga (1770–1780)
+*Chattra Singh Syiem Sutnga (1770–1780)
-#Yatra Narayan Syiem Sutnga (1780-1785)
+*Yatra Narayan Syiem Sutnga (1780-1785)
-#Bijay Narayan Syiem Sutnga (1785–1786)
+*Bijay Narayan Syiem Sutnga (1785–1786)
-#Lakshmi Singh Syiem Sutnga (1786-1790)
+*Lakshmi Singh Syiem Sutnga (1786-1790)
-#Ram Singh Syiem Sutnga II (1790–1832)
+*Ram Singh Syiem Sutnga II (1790–1832)
-#Rajendra Singh Syiem Sutnga (1832–1835)<ref>{{cite thesis |last=Laloo |first=Betty |date=20 July 2016 |title=Reconstructing the early Jaintia state through oral traditions |type=PhD |chapter=III: Early Jaintia State Formation |publisher=North-Eastern Hill University |url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/jspui/bitstream/10603/217208/9/09_chapter%203.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://megtourism.gov.in/dest-jaintia.html |title=Jaintia Hills-Land of Myths and Legends |website=Mesmerizing Meghalaya |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812044724/http://megtourism.gov.in/dest-jaintia.html |archive-date=12 August 2020}}</ref>
+*Rajendra Singh Syiem Sutnga (1832–1835)<ref>{{cite thesis |last=Laloo |first=Betty |date=20 July 2016 |title=Reconstructing the early Jaintia state through oral traditions |type=PhD |chapter=III: Early Jaintia State Formation |publisher=North-Eastern Hill University |chapter-url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/jspui/bitstream/10603/217208/9/09_chapter%203.pdf |access-date=13 October 2021 |archive-date=25 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231225070229/https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in:8443/jspui/pdfToThesis.jsp?toHandle=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/217208&toFile=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/217208/9/09_chapter%203.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://megtourism.gov.in/dest-jaintia.html |title=Jaintia Hills-Land of Myths and Legends |website=Mesmerizing Meghalaya |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812044724/http://megtourism.gov.in/dest-jaintia.html |archive-date=12 August 2020}}</ref>
-=== Gauda Kingdom (c. 550–626 CE) ===
+=== Gauda kingdom (c. 550–626 CE) ===
 {{main|Gauda Kingdom}}
-* [[Shashanka]] (590–625), first recorded independent king of [[Bengal]], created the first unified political entity in Bengal
-* [[Manava (king)|Manava]] (625–626), ruled for 8 months before being conquered by '''Harshavardana''' and '''Bhaskarvarmana'''
-=== Pushyabhuti dynasty (c. 606–647 CE) ===
+;Rulers-
+* ''Early Gauda rulers are unknown''
+* [[Shashanka]] (590–625), the first recorded independent Hindu king of Bengal, who created the first unified polity in Bengal.
+* [[Manava (king)|Manava]] (625–626), ruled for 8 months before being defeated by [[Harshavardana]] and [[Bhaskarvarmana]] in 626 CE.
+=== Pushyabhuti (Vardhana) Empire (c. 606–647 CE) ===
 {{main|Pushyabhuti dynasty}}
-* [[Harsha]]vardhana (606–647), unified Northern India and ruled it for over 40 years, he was the last non-Muslim emperor to rule a unified Northern India
+;Rulers of Bengal-
+* [[Harsha]]vardhana (606–647), unified Northern India and ruled it for over 40 years. he was the last non-Muslim emperor to rule a unified Northern India
 === Khadga dynasty (c. 625–730 CE) ===
 {{main|Khadga dynasty}}
-{| class="wikitable" style="width:50%; text-align:center;"
+{| class="wikitable"
 |-
-! style="width:12%;"| Titular Name
+!Titular Name
-! style="width:9%;"| Reign
+!Reign
-! style="width:9%;"| Notes
+!Notes
 |-
-| '''Khadgodyama''' (খড়্গদ্যোম)
+|Khadgodyama (খড়্গোদ্যম)
-| 625-640
+|625–640
-| Father of Jatakhadga
+|Father of Jatakhadga
 |-
-| '''Jatakhadga''' (জাতখড়্গ)
+|Jatakhadga (জাতখড়্গ)
-| 640-658
+|640–658
-| Father of Devakhadga
+|Father of Devakhadga
 |-
-| '''Devakhadga''' (দেবখড়্গ)
+|Devakhadga (দেবখড়্গ)
-| 658-673
+|658–673
-| Queen Prabhavati (প্রভাবতী)
+|Queen Prabhavati (প্রভাবতী)
 |-
-| '''Rajabhatta''' (রাজভট্ট)
+|Rajabhatta (রাজভট্ট)
-| 673-707
+|673–707
-| Son of Devakhadga
+|Son of Devakhadga
 |-
-| '''Balabhata''' (বলভট্ট)
+|Balabhatta (বলভট্ট)
-| 707-716
+|707–716
-| Son of Devakhadga
+|Son of Devakhadga
 |-
-| '''Udirnakhadga''' (উদীর্ণখড়্গ)
+|Udirnakhadga (উদীর্ণখড়্গ)
-| ??
+|??
 |
 |}
+;Rulers
-===Bhadra dynasty (6th–7th century)===
+=== Bhadra dynasty (6th to 7th century) ===
 {{main|Bhadra dynasty}}
-The Bhadra dynasty was a [[South Asian]] royal house of [[Brahmin]] origin, their rule flourished during the first half of the 7th century, though little is known about their history. The kings of the dynasty bore names with the suffix "Bhadra".
-====List of rulers====
+The Bhadra dynasty was a [[Bengali Hindus|Bengali Hindu]] royal house of [[Brahmin]] origin; their rule flourished during the first half of the 7th century, though little is known about their history. The kings of the dynasty bore names with the suffix "Bhadra".
-*'''Narayanabhadra'''
-*'''Jyeshthabhadra'''
-A princess of Bhadra dynasty, Deddadevi was married to the first Pala Emperor Gopala I. She was the mother of Emperor Dharmapala.
+;Known rulers are-
+* Narayanabhadra
+* Jyeshthabhadra
-=== Mallabhum Kingdom (c. 694–1947 CE) ===
+=== Mallabhum kingdom (c. 694–1147 CE) ===
 {{Main|Mallabhum}}
+;Rulers-
 {| class="wikitable"
-!Name of the king{{Sfn|Dasgupta|Biswas|Mallik|2009|p=31-43}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mallik |first1=Abhaya Pada |title=History of Bishnupur-Raj: An Ancient Kingdom of West Bengal |date=1921 |publisher=Calcutta |pages=128–130 |edition=the University of Michigan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QF4dAAAAMAAJ |access-date=11 March 2016}}</ref>
+!Name of the king{{Sfn|Dasgupta|Biswas|Mallik|2009|p=31-43}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mallik |first1=Abhaya Pada |title=History of Bishnupur-Raj: An Ancient Kingdom of West Bengal |year=1921 |publisher=Abhaya Pada Mallik |pages=128–130 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QF4dAAAAMAAJ |access-date=11 March 2016 |archive-date=25 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231225070202/https://books.google.com/books?id=QF4dAAAAMAAJ |url-status=live}}</ref>
 ! Reign
 !Notes
@@ Line 724: / Line 798: @@
 |
 |-
 |Indra Malla
 |742–757
 |
@@ Line 789: / Line 863: @@
 |-
 |Rup Malla
-|1015=1029
+|1015–1029
 |
 |-
@@ Line 837: / Line 911: @@
 |-
 |[[Ram Malla]]
-|1185=1209
+|1185–1209
 |
 |-
@@ Line 961: / Line 1,035: @@
 |}
-==Post-Classical era==
+== Post-Classical era ==
-===Pala Empire (750–1161 CE) ===
-{{main|Pala Empire}}
-Most of the Pala inscriptions mention only the regnal year as the date of issue, without any well-known [[calendar era]]. Because of this, the chronology of the Pala kings is hard to determine.<ref name="DKGanguly"/> Based on their different interpretations of the various epigraphs and historical records, different historians estimate the Pala chronology as follows:<ref name="Susan1984">{{cite book | author=Susan L. Huntington | title=The "Påala-Sena" Schools of Sculpture | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xLA3AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA32 | date=1984 | publisher=Brill Archive | isbn=90-04-06856-2 |pages=32–39 }}</ref>
+=== Pala Empire (c. 750–1161 CE) ===
+Most of the Pala inscriptions mention only the regnal year as the date of issue, without any well-known [[calendar era]]. Because of this, the chronology of the Pala kings is hard to determine.<ref name="DKGanguly">{{cite book |author=Dilip Kumar Ganguly |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N2tlKzxwhY8C&pg=PA41 |title=Ancient India, History and Archaeology |publisher=Abhinav |year=1994 |isbn=978-81-7017-304-5 |pages=33–41 |access-date=26 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202001202/https://books.google.com/books?id=N2tlKzxwhY8C&pg=PA41 |archive-date=2 February 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Based on their different interpretations of the various epigraphs and historical records, different historians estimate the Pala chronology as follows:<ref name="Susan1984">{{cite book |author=Susan L. Huntington |title=The "Påala-Sena" Schools of Sculpture |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xLA3AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA32 |date=1984 |publisher=Brill Archive |isbn=90-04-06856-2 |pages=32–39 |access-date=26 May 2022 |archive-date=25 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231225070203/https://books.google.com/books?id=xLA3AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA32#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live}}</ref>
 {| class="wikitable"
 !
-! [[Ramesh Chandra Majumdar|RC Majumdar]] (1971)<ref>{{cite book |author=R. C. Majumdar |author-link=R. C. Majumdar |date=1971 |title=History of Ancient Bengal |publisher=G. Bharadwaj |pages=161–162}}</ref>
+![[Ramesh Chandra Majumdar|RC Majumdar]] (1971)
-! AM Chowdhury (1967)<ref>{{cite book | author = Abdul Momin Chowdhury | date = 1967 | title = Dynastic history of Bengal, c. 750-1200 CE | publisher = Asiatic Society of Pakistan | pages = 272–273 }}</ref>
+!AM Chowdhury (1967)
-! [[Bindeshwari Prasad Sinha|BP Sinha]] (1977)<ref>{{cite book | author=Bindeshwari Prasad Sinha | author-link=Bindeshwari Prasad Sinha | date=1977 | title=Dynastic History of Magadha, Cir. 450–1200 A.D. | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V3KDaZY85wYC&pg=PA253 | publisher=Abhinav Publications | pages=253– | isbn=978-81-7017-059-4 }}</ref>{{failed verification|date=February 2020|reason=Page 253 is in the middle of the bibliography, and contains no list of rulers or dates.}}
+![[Bindeshwari Prasad Sinha|BP Sinha]] (1977)<sup>[''[[Bharatpedia:Verifiability|failed verification]]'']</sup>
-! [[Dineshchandra Sircar|DC Sircar]] (1975–76)<ref>{{cite journal | title = Indological Notes - R.C. Majumdar's Chronology of the Pala Kings | author = Dineshchandra Sircar |author-link = Dineshchandra Sircar | journal = Journal of Ancient Indian History | volume = IX | year = 1975–76 | pages = 209–10 }}</ref>
+![[Dineshchandra Sircar|DC Sircar]] (1975–76)
-! D. K. Ganguly (1994)<ref name="DKGanguly">{{cite book |author=Dilip Kumar Ganguly |title=Ancient India, History and Archaeology |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N2tlKzxwhY8C&pg=PA41 |year=1994 |publisher=Abhinav |isbn=978-81-7017-304-5 |pages=33–41 }}</ref>
+!D. K. Ganguly (1994)
 |-
-| [[Gopala (Pala king)|Gopala I]]
+|[[Gopala (Pala king)|Gopala I]]
-| 750–770
+|750–770
-| 756–781
+|756–781
-| 755–783
+|755–783
-| 750–775
+|750–775
-| 750–774
+|750–774
 |-
-| [[Dharmapala of Bengal|Dharmapala]]
+|[[Dharmapala of Bengal|Dharmapala]]
-| 770–810
+|770–810
-| 781–821
+|781–821
-| 783–820
+|783–820
-| 775–812
+|775–812
-| 774–806
+|774–806
 |-
-| [[Devapala (Pala dynasty)|Devapala]]
+|[[Devapala (Pala dynasty)|Devapala]]
-| 810–{{circa|850}}
+|810–<abbr>c.</abbr> 850
-| 821–861
+|821–861
-| 820–860
+|820–860
-| 812–850
+|812–850
-| 806–845
+|806–845
 |-
-| [[Mahendrapala]]
+|[[Mahendrapala]]
-| colspan="4" | NA (Mahendrapala's existence was conclusively established through a copper-plate charter discovered later.)
+| colspan="4" |NA (Mahendrapala's existence was conclusively established through a copper-plate charter discovered later.)
-| 845–860
+|845–860
 |-
-| [[Shurapala I]]
+|[[Shurapala I]]
-| colspan="3" | Deemed to be alternate name of Vigrahapala I
+| colspan="3" |Deemed to be alternate name of Vigrahapala I
-| 850–858
+|850–858
-| 860–872
+|860–872
 |-
-| [[Gopala II]]
+|[[Gopala II]]
-| colspan="5" | NA (copper-plate charter discovered in 1995. Text of inscription published in 2009.)
+| colspan="5" |NA (copper-plate charter discovered in 1995. Text of inscription published in 2009.)
 |-
-| [[Vigrahapala I (Pala dynasty)|Vigrahapala I]]
+|[[Vigrahapala I (Pala dynasty)|Vigrahapala I]]
-| 850–853
+|850–853
-| 861–866
+|861–866
-| 860–865
+|860–865
-| 858–60
+|858–60
-| 872–873
+|872–873
 |-
-| [[Narayan Pala|Narayanapala]]
+|[[Narayan Pala|Narayanapala]]
-| 854–908
+|854–908
-| 866–920
+|866–920
-| 865–920
+|865–920
-| 860–917
+|860–917
-| 873–927
+|873–927
 |-
-| [[Rajyapala]]
+|[[Rajyapala]]
-| 908–940
+|908–940
-| 920–952
+|920–952
-| 920–952
+|920–952
-| 917–952
+|917–952
-| 927–959
+|927–959
 |-
-| [[Gopala III]]
+|[[Gopala III]]
-| 940–957
+|940–957
-| 952–969
+|952–969
-| 952–967
+|952–967
-| 952–972
+|952–972
-| 959–976
+|959–976
 |-
-| [[Vigrahapala II]]
+|[[Vigrahapala II]]
-| 960–{{circa|986}}
+|960–<abbr>c.</abbr> 986
-| 969–995
+|969–995
-| 967–980
+|967–980
-| 972–977
+|972–977
-| 976–977
+|976–977
 |-
-| [[Mahipala|Mahipala I]]
+|[[Mahipala|Mahipala I]]
-| 988–{{circa|1036}}
+|988–<abbr>c.</abbr> 1036
-| 995–1043
+|995–1043
-| 980–1035
+|980–1035
-| 977–1027
+|977–1027
-| 977–1027
+|977–1027
 |-
-| [[Naya Pala|Nayapala]]
+|[[Naya Pala|Nayapala]]
-| 1038–1053
+|1038–1053
-| 1043–1058
+|1043–1058
-| 1035–1050
+|1035–1050
-| 1027–1043
+|1027–1043
-| 1027–1043
+|1027–1043
 |-
-| [[Vigrahapala III]]
+|[[Vigrahapala III]]
-| 1054–1072
+|1054–1072
-| 1058–1075
+|1058–1075
-| 1050–1076
+|1050–1076
-| 1043–1070
+|1043–1070
-| 1043–1070
+|1043–1070
 |-
-| [[Mahipala II]]
+|[[Mahipala II]]
-| 1072–1075
+|1072–1075
-| 1075–1080
+|1075–1080
-| rowspan="2" | 1076–1078/9
+| rowspan="2" |1076–1078/9
-| 1070–1071
+|1070–1071
-| 1070–1071
+|1070–1071
 |-
-| [[Shurapala II]]
+|[[Shurapala II]]
-| 1075–1077
+|1075–1077
-| 1080–1082
+|1080–1082
-| 1071–1072
+|1071–1072
-| 1071–1072
+|1071–1072
 |-
-| [[Ramapala]]
+|[[Ramapala]]
-| 1077–1130
+|1077–1130
-| 1082–1124
+|1082–1124
-| 1078/9–1132
+|1078/9–1132
-| 1072–1126
+|1072–1126
-| 1072–1126
+|1072–1126
 |-
-| [[Kumarapala (Pala king)|Kumarapala]]
+|[[Kumarapala (Pala king)|Kumarapala]]
-| 1130–1140
+|1130–1140
-| 1124–1129
+|1124–1129
-| 1132–1136
+|1132–1136
-| 1126–1128
+|1126–1128
-| 1126–1128
+|1126–1128
 |-
-| [[Gopala IV]]
+|[[Gopala IV]]
-| 1140–1144
+|1140–1144
-| 1129–1143
+|1129–1143
-| 1136–1144
+|1136–1144
-| 1128–1143
+|1128–1143
-| 1128–1143
+|1128–1143
 |-
-| [[Madanapala (Pala dynasty)|Madanapala]]
+|[[Madanapala (Pala dynasty)|Madanapala]]
-| 1144–1162
+|1144–1162
-| 1143–1162
+|1143–1162
-| 1144–1161/62
+|1144–1161/62
-| 1143–1161
+|1143–1161
-| 1143–1161
+|1143–1161
 |-
-| [[Govindapala]]
+|[[Govindapala]]
-| 1158–1162
+|1158–1162
-| NA
+|NA
-| 1162–1176 or 1158–1162
+|1162–1176 or 1158–1162
-| 1161–1165
+|1161–1165
-| 1161–1165
+|1161–1165
 |-
-| [[Palapala]]
+|Palapala
-| NA
+|NA
-| NA
+|NA
-| NA
+|NA
-| 1165–1199
+|1165–1199
-| 1165–1200
+|1165–1200
 |}
-Note:<ref name="Susan1984"/>
+=== Sena dynasty (c. 1070–1230 CE) ===
-* Earlier historians believed that [[Vigrahapala I (Pala dynasty)|Vigrahapala]] I and Shurapala I were the two names of the same person. Now, it is known that these two were cousins; they either ruled simultaneously (perhaps over different territories) or in rapid succession.
+{{main|Sena dynasty}}
-* AM Chowdhury rejects Govindapala and his successor Palapala as the members of the imperial Pala dynasty.
-* According to BP Sinha, the Gaya inscription can be read as either the "14th year of Govindapala's reign" or "14th year after Govindapala's reign". Thus, two sets of dates are possible.
-* D.K. Ganguly mentions another ruler named Indradumnyapala, who is solely known from local tradition. There is no source of his existence yet.<ref name="books.google.com">{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N2tlKzxwhY8C&pg=PA33 | title=Ancient India, History and Archaeology | isbn=9788170173045 | last1=Ganguly | first1=Dilip Kumar | year=1994 }}</ref>
-* A king, Bhimapala also finds a mention in the ''Sabdapradipa''. Rajat Sanyal argues that if Govindapala and Palapala are indeed accepted as Pala kings, Bhimapala also should be, provided that he was chronologically close to Ramapala according to the wording of the text. However, both need more historical evidence.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sanyal |first1=Rajat |title=The Pala-Sena and Others |date=1 January 2014 |url=https://www.academia.edu/43895337 |volume=5}}</ref>
-* A king named Gomindrapala finds mention in a manuscript, dated his fourth regnal year. R.C. Majumdar identifies him with Govindapala, while S.K. Saraswati suggests he is a later Pala king.<ref name="books.google.com"/>
-{{HistoryOfSouthAsia}}
+The Sena dynasty ruled southwestern Bengal from 1070 and ruled East Bengal until 1230. [[Vijaya Sena]] conquered the entirety of Bengal by 1154 CE.
-=== Chola dynasty (ruled part of southwestern Bengal from 1019-24 CE) ===
+;Rulers-
-{{main|Chola Dynasty}}
+*[[Hemanta Sena]] (1070–1096)
-* [[Rajendra Chola I]] (1019–1024)
+*[[Vijaya Sena]] (1096–1159)
+*[[Ballala Sena]] (1159–1179)
+*[[Lakshmana Sena]] (1179–1206)
+*[[Vishvarupa Sena]] (1206–1225)
+*[[Keshava Sena]] (1225–1230)
-===Sena dynasty ===
+=== Deva dynasty (c. 1150–1294 CE) ===
+{{main|Deva dynasty}}
-Sena dynasty ruled southwestern Bengal from 1070. Vijaya Sena conquered Bengal by 1154. The dynasty ruled East Bengal until 1230.
+;List of rulers is disputed-
-{{main|Sena dynasty}}
+* [[Purushottamadeva]]
-:*[[Hemanta Sena]] (1070–1096)
+* Madhusudanadeva
-:*[[Vijaya Sena]] (1096–1159)
+* Vasudeva
-:*[[Ballala Sena]] (1159–1179)
+* Shantideva
-:*[[Lakshmana Sena]] (1179–1206)
+* Viradeva
-:*[[Vishvarupa Sena]] (1206–1225)
+* Anandadeva
-:*[[Keshava Sena]] (1225–1230)
+* Bhavadeva
+* Damodaradeva (1231–1243)
+* [[Dasharathadeva]] (1243–1281)
+* Vikramadityadeva (1281–1294)
-===Deva dynasty (1150–1281)===
+==Delhi Sultanate, Ghurid Empire period==
-{{main|Deva dynasty}}
+{{Main|Ghurid dynasty}}
-* [[Purushottamadeva]]
-* '''Madhusudanadeva'''
-* '''Vasudeva'''
-* '''Damodaradeva''' (1231–1243)
-* [[Dasharathadeva]] (1281)
-* Vikramadityadeva (1294)
-== Delhi Sultanate era ==
+=== Khalji dynasty ===
-The [[Khalji dynasty of Bengal]] (c.1203–27) were at times independent, and at times subordinate to the [[Mamluk Sultanate (Delhi)|Delhi Sultanate]].
+The [[Khalji dynasty of Bengal]] ({{Circa|1204-27}}) were initially representatives of the [[Ghurid Empire]], later becoming independent, although at times being subordinate to the [[Mamluk Sultanate (Delhi)|Delhi Sultanate]].
 {| class="wikitable"
@@ Line 1,162: / Line 1,231: @@
 ! width="80" | Reign
 ! width="400" | Notes
-|-
-! colspan="3" |Khalji rulers of Bengal (1203–1227)
 |-
 | [[Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji]]
-| [[wikt:circa|c.1203]]–1206
+| {{Circa|1204}}–1206
-| Began the Khalji dynasty in Bengal
+| Began the Khalji dynasty in Bengal, established Devkot and Lakhnauti as capital, assassinated by Ali Mardan Khalji who briefly took power before being ousted by Shiran Khalji.
 |-
 | [[Muhammad Shiran Khalji]]
 | 1206–1208
-|
+|Comrade of Bakhtiyar Khalji. Lost the power struggle with Ali Mardan, and fled to East Bengal where he died.
 |-
 | [[Iwaz Khalji|Husamuddin Iwaz Khalji]]
 | 1208–1210
-|
+|Assumed the throne, but soon acknowledged Ali Mardan as sovereign when he returned from Delhi with an army given by Qutbuddin Aybek.
 |-
 | [[Ali Mardan Khalji]]
 | 1210–1212
-|
+|Soon after ascension went mad. Deposed by Iwaz.
 |-
-| [[Iwaz Khalji|Ghiyasuddin Iwaz Shah]]
+| Husamuddin Iwaz Khalji as [[Iwaz Khalji|Ghiyasuddin Iwaz Shah]]
 | 1212–1227
-| Second term, killed for gaining independence from [[Sultan of Delhi]] [[Iltutmish]]
+| Second term, built mosques and flood embankments. Known as a just and powerful ruler. Killed for rebelling against [[Sultan of Delhi]] [[Iltutmish]]
-|-
-! colspan="3" |Governors of Bengal under [[Mamluk dynasty (Delhi)|Mamluk dynasty]] (1227–1229)
-|-
-| [[Nasiruddin Mahmud (son of Iltutmish)|Nasiruddin Mahmud]]
-| 1227–1229
-| Not from the Khalji tribe, appointed by his father [[Iltutmish]]
-|-
-! colspan="3" |Khalji rulers of Bengal (1229–1231)
 |-
 | [[Alauddin Daulat Shah Khalji]]
-| 1229–1230<ref>{{cite book |last=Ahmed |first=ABM Shamsuddin |year=2012 |chapter=Iltutmish |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Iltutmish |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]}}</ref>
+| 1229–1230<ref>{{cite book |last=Ahmed |first=ABM Shamsuddin |year=2012 |chapter=Iltutmish |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Iltutmish |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]] |access-date=26 October 2015 |archive-date=3 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150703154814/http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Iltutmish |url-status=live}}</ref>
 |
 |-
 | [[Malik Balkha Khalji|Balka Khalji]]
 | 1230–1231
-| Last Khalji ruler
+| Grandson of Husamuddin Iwaz Khalji. Last Khalji ruler, deposed and executed by Iltutmish, Bengal annexed to Delhi sultanate
-|-
+|}
-! colspan="3" |Governors of Bengal under [[Mamluk dynasty (Delhi)|Mamluk dynasty]] (1231–1287)
+=== Delhi Sultanate ===
+{{Main|List of sultans of Delhi|Delhi Sultanate}}
+===Governors of Bengal under [[Mamluk dynasty (Delhi)|Mamluk dynasty]] (1227–1287)===
+Governors of Bengal under the [[Mamluk dynasty (Delhi)|Mamluk dynasty]] of the Delhi Sultanate-
+{| class="wikitable"
+|-
+! width="180" | Name
+! width="80" | Reign
+! width="400" | Notes
+|-
+| [[Nasiruddin Mahmud (eldest son of Iltutmish)|Nasiruddin Mahmud]]
+| 1227–1229
+| Appointed by his father Sultan [[Iltutmish]] of Delhi.
 |-
 | [[Alauddin Jani]]
 | 1232–1233
 |
 |-
 | [[Saifuddin Aibak]]
 | 1233–1236
 |
 |-
 | [[Awar Khan Aibak]]
 | 1236
-| Usurper
+|
 |-
 | [[Tughral Tughan Khan]]
@@ Line 1,229: / Line 1,302: @@
 | [[Malik Ikhtiyaruddin Iuzbak]]
 | 1251–1257
 | Claimed independence.
 |-
 | [[Ijjauddin Balban Iuzbaki]]
@@ Line 1,237: / Line 1,310: @@
 | [[Tatar Khan]]
 | 1259–1268
 | Claimed independence.
 |-
-| [[Sher Khan(Bengal)|Sher Khan]]
+| [[Sher Khan of Bengal|Sher Khan]]
 | 1268–1272
 |
 |-
 | [[Amin Khan (governor)|Amin Khan]]
-| 1272–1272
+| 1272
 |
 |-
@@ Line 1,253: / Line 1,326: @@
 | [[Nasiruddin Bughra Khan]]
 | 1281–1287
-| Governor of Lakhnauti
+| Second son of the sultan of Delhi, Ghiyasuddin Balban. Declared independence and founded the Balban dynasty
+|}
+=== House of Balban ===
+The [[House of Balban]] ({{Circa|1287–1324}}) came about as a result of Mamluk governor [[Nasiruddin Bughra Khan]] declaring independence.
+{| class="wikitable"
 |-
-! colspan="3" |Independent Balban dynasty of [[Gauda (city)|Lakhnauti]] (1287–1324)
+! width="180" | Name
+! width="100" | Reign
+! width="300" | Notes
 |-
 | [[Nasiruddin Bughra Khan]]
 | 1287–1291
-| Declared independence
+| Declared independence from Delhi Sultanate. Father of the then sultan of Delhi, Kaiqubad.
 |-
 | [[Rukunuddin Kaikaus]]
 | 1291–1300
-| First Muslim ruler to conquer [[Satgaon]] kingdom, expanding Lakhnauti.
+| Second son of Bughra Khan. First Muslim ruler to conquer [[Satgaon]] kingdom, expanding Lakhnauti.
 |-
 | [[Shamsuddin Firoz Shah]]
 | 1300–1322
-| First Muslim ruler to conquer [[Sonargaon]], [[History of Mymensingh#Sultanate period|Mymensingh]] and [[Conquest of Sylhet|Srihatta]]. Completed Kaikaus' Conquest of Satgaon.
+| Either a relative or an advisor of Ruknuddin Kaikaus, ascended the throne in probable absence of an heir, ruled jointly with six adult sons. First Muslim ruler to conquer [[Sonargaon]], [[Mymensingh]] and [[Conquest of Sylhet|Srihatta]]. Completed Kaikaus' Conquest of Satgaon.
 |-
 | [[Ghiyasuddin Bahadur Shah]]
 | 1322–1324
-| Lost independence of [[Bengal]] to Delhi Sultan [[Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq]].
+| Son of Firoz Shah. Lost independence of [[Bengal]] to Delhi Sultan [[Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq]].
 |}
@@ Line 1,288: / Line 1,368: @@
 |-
 | [[Bahram Khan]]
-| [[Sonargaon]]
-| 1328–1338
-|
-|-
-| [[Qadar Khan]]
-| [[Gauḍa (city)|Lakhnauti]]
-| 1328–1336
-|
-|-
-| [[Mukhlis]]
-| [[Gauḍa (city)|Lakhnauti]]
-| 1336–1339
-|
-|-
-| [[Azam Khan (Tughlaq dynasty)|Azam Khan]]
 | [[Satgaon]]
 | 1324–1328
@@ Line 1,312: / Line 1,377: @@
 |
 |-
+| [[Bahram Khan]]
+| [[Sonargaon]]
+| 1328–1338
+|
+|-
+| [[Qadar Khan]]
+| [[Gauḍa (city)|Lakhnauti]]
+| 1324–1340
+|
 |}
 == Bengal Sultanate era ==
-=== Independent Sultans of Bengal during Tughlaq dynasty (1338–1352) ===
+=== Rulers of Sonargaon, Satgaon and Lakhnauti (1338–1352) ===
+{{See also|Mubarak Shahi dynasty}}
 {| class="wikitable"
 |-
@@ Line 1,327: / Line 1,402: @@
 |[[Sonargaon]]
 |1338–1349
-|First independent ruler of Sonargaon
+|First independent ruler of Sonargaon and the Founder of [[Mubarak Shahi dynasty|Mubarak shahi dynasty]]
 |-
-|[[Ikhtiyaruddin Ghazi Shah]]
+|[[Ikhtiyaruddin Ghazi Shah]] the last Sultan of mubarak shahi dynasty
 |[[Sonargaon]]
 |1349–1352
@@ Line 1,350: / Line 1,425: @@
 |}
-=== Ilyas Shahi dynasty (1352–1414) ===
+=== '''Sultanate of Bengal (1352–1576)''' ===
+==== Ilyas Shahi dynasty (1352–1414) ====
 {{Main|Ilyas Shahi dynasty}}
 {| class="wikitable"
 |-
@@ Line 1,360: / Line 1,438: @@
 | [[Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah]]
 | 1352–1358
-| Became the first sole ruler of whole [[Bengal]] comprising [[Sonargaon]], [[Satgaon]] and [[Gauḍa (city)|Lakhnauti]].
+| Became the first sole ruler of the entirety of [[Bengal]], comprising [[Sonargaon]], [[Satgaon]] and [[Gauḍa (city)|Lakhnauti]]. Raided Nepal, defeated Orissa and Assam, defended Bengal against invaders from Delhi Sultanate.
 |-
 | [[Sikandar Shah]]
 | 1358–1390
-| Killed in battle with his son and successor, [[Ghiyasuddin Azam Shah]]
+| Oldest son of Ilyas Shah and his wife Phulwara Begum. Repelled invasion from Delhi under Firuz Shah Tughlaq. Killed in battle with his son and successor, [[Ghiyasuddin Azam Shah]]
 |-
 | [[Ghiyasuddin Azam Shah]]
 | 1390–1411
-|
+| Son of Sikandar Shah. Known for his justice and contribution to literature. His reign marks the high point of Ilyas Shahi dynasty.
 |-
 | [[Saifuddin Hamza Shah]]
 | 1411–1412
-|
+|Son of Ghiyasuddin Azam Shah. Succeeded his father, but was assassinated.
+|-
+| Nasiruddin Muhammad Shah bin Hamza Shah
+| 1413
+| His coins were minted from Muazzamabad. Noman Nasir theorizes, based on numismatic evidence, that he was a son of Hamza Shah.<ref>Nasir, Noman. “Nasir Al-Din Muhammad - A New Sultan of Bengal.” Journal of the Oriental Numismatic Society, 2010</ref> Assassinated by either his half-brother or his father's slave, [[Shihabuddin Bayazid Shah]] on the orders of the landlord of [[Dinajpur]], [[Raja Ganesha]].
 |-
 | [[Shihabuddin Bayazid Shah]]
 | 1412–1414
-|
+|Either a son or a slave of Saifuddin Hamza Shah.
+|-
+| [[Alauddin Firuz Shah I]]
+| 1414–1416
+|Infant son of Shihabuddin Bayazid Shah, while Raja Ganesh ruled the kingdom as regent. Soon deposed in favor of Raja Ganesh.
 |}
+In 2009 a coin of a ruler named Nasiruddin Ibrahim Shah was found in Bangladesh, which was struck in 818 AH (around 1416 CE). It is possible he was a claimant to the throne. Undated coin of another ruler called Siraj-al Din Sikandar Shah was found in southwestern Bengal in 2014. MD. Sharif Islam theorizes that this Siraj-al Din is the same Siraj-al Din mentioned by Riyaz As Salatin, who was a judge serving under Ghiyasuddin Azam Shah.<ref>Nasir N, Islam MS (2014) Siraj al-Din ‘Sikandar’ (?) Shah – a new ruler of the Bengal Sultanate. J Orient Numismat Soc 220:39–40</ref>
-=== House of Raja Ganesha (1414–1435) ===
+==== House of Raja Ganesha (1414–1435) ====
 {| class="wikitable"
 |-
@@ Line 1,388: / Line 1,475: @@
 | [[Raja Ganesha]]
 | 1414–1415
-|
+| Jamindar of Bhaturia. Was immensely powerful during the last days of the Ilyas Shahis-at first ruled by keeping Alauddin Firuz Shah as a puppet. Abdicated in fear of a Jaunpuri invasion and converted his son to Islam.
 |-
 | [[Jalaluddin Muhammad Shah]]
 | 1415–1416
-| Son of Raja Ganesha and converted into Islam
+| Son of Raja Ganesha and converted into Islam. His father ruled behind the scenes till saint Nur Qutb-i-Alam's death.
 |-
 | [[Raja Ganesha]]
 | 1416–1418
-| Second Phase
+| Second Phase. After the saint's death deposed his son, reconverted him to Hinduism and reascended the throne taking the name Danujamardanadeva.
 |-
 | [[Jalaluddin Muhammad Shah]]
 | 1418–1433
-| Second Phase
+| Second Phase. After his father's death he ascended the throne, reconverting to Islam. Persecuted Hindus. An able ruler, he conquered and vassalized Arakan, established diplomatic relations with Kashmir, the Timurids and China.
 |-
 | [[Shamsuddin Ahmad Shah]]
 | 1433–1435
-|
+|Son of Jalaluddin Muhammad Shah, ascended the throne at 14. Was assassinated by his slave Nasir Khan and Shadi Khan.
 |}
+Two ephemeral rulers: Qutbuddin Azam Shah and Ghiyasuddin Nusrat Shah ruled Eastern Bengal for a brief period and struck coins from Muazzamabad (modern Sonargaon) in AH 837 (1434 CE). Siraj-al Din Sikandar Shah is only known from his undated coins, it is possible he belongs to this time period. It is not known if any of them were related to Shamsuddin Ahmad Shah or the Ilyas Shahis.<ref>Nasir N, Islam MS (2014) Siraj al-Din ‘Sikandar’ (?) Shah – a new ruler of the Bengal Sultanate. J Orient Numismat Soc 220:39–40</ref>
-=== Restored Ilyas Shahi dynasty (1435–1487) ===
+==== Restored Ilyas Shahi dynasty (1435–1487) ====
 {| class="wikitable"
 |-
@@ Line 1,416: / Line 1,504: @@
 | [[Mahmud Shah (Sultan of Bengal)|Nasiruddin Mahmud Shah]]
 |1435–1459
-|
+|A descendant of Ilyas Shahis. Ascended the throne after putting Nasir Khan and Shadi Khan to death. Ruled over a prosperous state and constructed mosques and palaces throughout Bengal. The oldest building in Dhaka dates from his reign.
 |-
 | [[Rukunuddin Barbak Shah]]
 | 1459–1474
-| Son of Mahmud Shah
+| Oldest son of Mahmud Shah. An energetic ruler, defeated Kapilendra Deva of Orissa and raided Kamtapur, Bihar and Tripura, resulting in an all-round expansion of Bengal.
 |-
 | [[Shamsuddin Yusuf Shah]]
 | 1474–1481
-| Son of Barbak Shah
+| Son of Barbak Shah. Well-known for his justice.
 |-
 | [[Nuruddin Sikandar Shah]]
 | 1481
-| Son of Mahmud Shah
+| Son of Mahmud Shah, succeeded his nephew but was soon deposed in favor of his brother, Fateh.
 |-
 | [[Jalaluddin Fateh Shah]]
 | 1481–1487
-| Son of Mahmud Shah
+| Son of Mahmud Shah. Tried to reign in the Habshis, who were becoming powerful and had started to interfere in royal affairs. Assassinated by his Habshi slave, Shahzada Barbak.
 |}
-=== Habshi rule (1487–1494) ===
+==== [[Habshi dynasty]] (1487–1494) ====
 {| class="wikitable"
 |-
@@ Line 1,450: / Line 1,538: @@
 |
 |-
-| [[Mahmud Shah II]]
+| [[Mahmud Shah II of Bengal|Mahmud Shah II]]
 | 1489–1490
 |
@@ Line 1,459: / Line 1,547: @@
 |}
-=== [[Hussain Shahi dynasty]] (1494–1538) ===
+==== [[Hussain Shahi dynasty]] (1494–1538) ====
 {| class="wikitable"
 |-
@@ Line 1,468: / Line 1,556: @@
 | [[Alauddin Hussain Shah]]
 | 1494–1518
-|considered greatest of all sultans of Bengal for bringing cultural renaissance during his reign.
+|Considered to be one of the greatest rulers in Bengali history for military expansion, economic prosperity and cultural renaissance during his reign. Conquered and annexed Kamtapur, Kamrup, Chittagong and parts of Arakan, Jaunpur and Tripura, defeated Orissa and Ahoms.
 |-
 | [[Nasiruddin Nasrat Shah]]
 | 1518–1533
-|
+| Son of Alauddin Hussain Shah. A capable ruler, annexed Mithila (Northern Bihar and parts of Nepal) in 1526. Had to contend with [[Babur]] at Ghaghra in 1529, defended Bengal from Mughal encroachment. Assassinated by a slave.
 |-
 | [[Alauddin Firuz Shah II|Alauddin Firuz Shah]]
 | 1533
-|
+|Son of Nasrat Shah. Deposed by his uncle Abdul Badr, later Ghiyasuddin Mahmud Shah.
 |-
 | [[Ghiyasuddin Mahmud Shah]]
 | 1533–1538
-|
+|Son of Alauddin Hussain Shah, uncle to Alauddin Firuz Shah. His reckless and brash behavior angered allies and foes alike, and he was repeatedly defeated by Sher Shah. Finally deposed by Mughal Emperor [[Humayun]] in 1538.
 |}
 === Governors of Bengal under [[Sur Empire]] (1532–1556) ===
+{{Main|Sur Empire}}
 {| class="wikitable"
 |-
@@ Line 1,494: / Line 1,584: @@
 | Defeated Mughals and became the ruler of Delhi in 1540.
 |-
-| [[Khidr Khan(Bengal)|Khidr Khan]]
+| [[Khidr Khan Surak|Khidr Khan]]
 | 1538–1541
-|
+|A son-in-law to Ghiyasuddin Mahmud Shah. Soon deposed by Sher Shah.
 |-
   | [[Qazi Fazilat]]
@@ Line 1,504: / Line 1,594: @@
 | [[Muhammad Khan Sur]]
 | 1545–1554
-|
+|A cousin to Sher Shah.
 |-
 | [[Shahbaz Khan Kamboh|Shahbaz Khan]]
@@ Line 1,511: / Line 1,601: @@
 |}
-=== Muhammad Shah dynasty (1554–1564) ===
+=== Restoration of Bengal Sultanate (1554–1576) ===
+==== Muhammad Shah dynasty (1554–1564) ====
 {| class="wikitable"
 |-
@@ Line 1,535: / Line 1,626: @@
 |}
-=== [[Karrani dynasty]] (1564–1576) ===
+==== [[Karrani dynasty]] (1564–1576) ====
 {| class="wikitable"
 |-
@@ Line 1,559: / Line 1,650: @@
 |}
-== Mughal ''Subahdars'' of Bengal Subah (1574–1717) ==
+=== [[Baro-Bhuyan|<big>Baro Bhuyan</big>]] ===
+* '''[[Isa Khan]]'''
+* [[Masum Khan|Masum khan]]
+* [[Musa Khan of Bengal|Musa khan]]
+* Fazal Ghazi
+* Bahadur Ghazi
+* Khwaja Usman Khan Lohani
+* Bayezid Karrani
+* [[Pratapaditya]]
+* Bir Hambir
+* Kedar Roy
+* Chad Ray
+* Mukundaram Roy
-=== During the reign of [[Akbar the Great|Akbar]] ===
+== Mughal Empire Era ==
+{{Main|Mughal Empire|List of emperors of the Mughal Empire}}
+=== Mughal Emperors of Bengal ===
 {| class="wikitable"
+|+
+!Name
+!Notes
+!
 |-
-! width="180" | Name
+! colspan="2" |Emperor by name only
-! width="80" | Reign
+!
-! width="400" | Notes
+|-
+|'''[[Babur]]'''
+|First Mughal Emperor
+|
+|-
+|'''[[Humayun]]'''
+|
+|
 |-
-| [[Munim Khan]]
+! colspan="2" |Independent
-| 1574–1575
+!
-| ''Khan-i-Khanan''
 |-
-| [[Khan Jahan I|Hussain Quli Khan]]
+|'''[[Akbar]]'''
-| 1575–1578
+|First Mughal Emperor who conquered Bengal by defeating [[Sultan Daud Khan Karrani]]
 |
 |-
-| [[Muzaffar Khan Turbati]]
+|'''[[Jahangir]]'''
-| 1579–1580
+|First Mughal Emperor who ruled Bengal independently.
 |
 |-
-| [[Mirza Aziz Koka]]
+|'''[[Shah Jahan]]'''
-| 1582–1583
+|
 |
 |-
-| [[Wazir Khan Tajik]]
+|'''[[Aurangzeb]]'''
-| 1583–1583
+|Last independent Mughal Emperor of Bengal who ruled in Bengal independently.
 |
 |-
-| [[General Shahbaz Khan Kamboh|Shahbaz Khan Kamboh]]
+! colspan="2" |Puppet Ruler
-| 1583–1585
+!
+|-
+|'''[[Azam Shah]]'''
+|After the demise of Aurangzeb, the  Mughal Empire became weak and Mughal emperors stayed as rulers in name only.
 |
 |-
-| [[Sadiq Khan (Bengal)|Sadiq Khan]]
+|'''[[Bahadur Shah I]]'''
-| 1585–1586
+|
 |
 |-
-| [[General Shahbaz Khan Kamboh|Shahbaz Khan Kamboh]]
+|'''[[Jahandar Shah]]'''
-| 1586–1587
 |
-|-
-| [[Sa'id Khan]]
-| 1587–1594
 |
 |-
-| [[Man Singh I|Raja Man Singh I]]
+|'''[[Farrukhsiyar]]'''
-| 1597 – 1606
+|Last Mughal Emperor of Bengal. Under Farrukhsiyar, [[Murshid Quli Khan|Murshid Quli]] became the Nawab of Bengal in 1717 and Bengal became an Independent state.
 |
 |}
-===During the reign of [[Jahangir]]===
+=== Mughal ''Subahdars'' of Bengal Subah (1574–1717) ===
+=== During the reign of [[Akbar the Great|Akbar]] ===
 {| class="wikitable"
 |-
@@ Line 1,616: / Line 1,733: @@
 ! width="400" | Notes
 |-
-| [[Qutubuddin Koka]]
+| [[Munim Khan]]
-| 2 Sep 1606 – 1607
+| 25 September 1574 – 23 October 1575
-| killed in a battle against [[Sher Afghan]]. (Local history of Burdwan, West Bengal, India says that Qutub-ud-din Kokah died in a battle against Ali Quli Istajlu alias Sher Afgan in 1610 CE. The tomb where both of them were buried is presently under the surveillance of Archaeological Survey of India.)
+| ''Khan-i-Khanan''
 |-
-| [[Jahangir Quli Beg]]
+| [[Khan Jahan I|Hussain Quli Khan]]
-| 1607–1608
+| 23 October 1575 – 19 December 1578
-| In early life, a slave of [[Akbar]]'s brother, Mirza Muhammad Hakim
+|
+|-
+| [[Muzaffar Khan Turbati]]
+| 1579–1582
+|
 |-
-| [[Islam Khan I|Islam Khan Chishti]]
+| [[Mirza Aziz Koka]]
-| 1608–1613
+| 1582–1583
-| first governor to transfer the [[Bengal]] capital to [[Dhaka]] in April 1612
+|
 |-
-| [[Qasim Khan Chishti]]
+| [[Wazir Khan Tajik]]
-| 1613–1617
+| 1583
-| younger brother of [[Islam Khan I|Islam Khan Chishti]]
+|
 |-
-| [[Ibrahim Khan Fath-i-Jang]]
+| [[General Shahbaz Khan Kamboh|Shahbaz Khan Kamboh]]
-|1617–1624
+| 1583–1585
-| died in an attack by Prince [[Shahjahan]]
+|
 |-
-|Darab Khan
+| [[Sadiq Khan (Bengal)|Sadiq Khan]]
-|1624–1625
+| 1585–1586
-| while Shahjahan occupied Bengal. Killed by Mahabbat Khan.<ref>{{cite Banglapedia|article=Mahabbat_Khan}}</ref>
+|
 |-
-| [[Mahabat Khan]]
+| [[General Shahbaz Khan Kamboh|Shahbaz Khan Kamboh]]
-| 1625–1626
+| 1586–1588
 |
 |-
-| [[Muqarram Khan|Mukarram Khan]]
+| [[Sa'id Khan]]
-| 1626–1627
+| 1588–1594
 |
 |-
-| [[Fidai Khan]]
+| [[Man Singh I|Raja Man Singh I]]
-| 1627–1628
+| 1597 – 1606
 |
 |}
-===During the reign of [[Shah Jahan]]===
+===During the reign of [[Jahangir]] ===
+{| class="wikitable"
+|}
 {| class="wikitable"
+!Name
+!Reign
+!Notes
 |-
-! width="180" | Name
+|[[Qutubuddin Koka]]
-! width="80" | Reign
+|2 Sep 1606 – 1607
-! width="400" | Notes
+|Killed in a battle against [[Sher Afghan]]. (Local history of Burdwan, West Bengal, India says that Qutub-ud-din Kokah died in a battle against Ali Quli Istajlu alias Sher Afgan in 1610 CE. The tombs where both of them were laid to rest are presently under the surveillance of Archaeological Survey of India.)
+|-
+|[[Jahangir Quli Beg]]
+|1607–1608
+|In early life, a slave of [[Akbar]]'s brother, Mirza Muhammad Hakim
+|-
+|[[Islam Khan I|Islam Khan Chishti]]
+|1608–1613
+|first governor to transfer the [[Bengal]] capital to [[Dhaka]] in 1610. An extremely capable governor, he finally subjugated the Bara Bhuiyans, annexed Jashore, Sylhet, Bhulua, Bakla (Barishal), Kamtapur, Koch Hajo and parts of Tripura, establishing Mughal control over the whole of Bengal and Kamrup. Mirza Nathan's memoir ''Baharistan-i-Ghaybi'' discusses his tenure in detail.
+|-
+|[[Qasim Khan Chishti]]
+|1613–1617
+|Younger brother of [[Islam Khan I|Islam Khan Chishti]]. Defeated by Arakan in 1616, soon recalled by the court.
+|-
+|[[Ibrahim Khan Fath-i-Jang]]
+|1617–1624
+|Brother-in-law of Islam Khan I and Qasim Khan Chisti and brother of Empress Nurjahan. Annexed parts of Tripura and Kamrup. Died in an attack by Prince [[Shahjahan]]
+|-
+|Darab Khan
+|1624–1625
+|Killed by Mahabbat Khan.
+|-
+|[[Mahabat Khan]]
+|1625–1626
+|
+|-
+|[[Muqarram Khan|Mukarram Khan]]
+|1626–1627
+|Nephew and son-in-law of Islam Khan Chisti. Was a military officer in Bengal during Islam Khan's tenure. Drowned in a river.
+|-
+|[[Fidai Khan]]
+|1627–1628
+|
+|}
+===During the reign of [[Shah Jahan]]===
+{| class="wikitable"
+|-
+! width="180" | Name
+! width="80" | Reign
+! width="400" | Notes
 |-
 | [[Qasim Khan Juvayni]]
 | 1628–1632
-|
+|Brother-in-law of Emperor Shah Jahan. Defeated the Portuguese in Hughly in 1632.
 |-
 | [[Mir Muhammad Baqir]]
@@ Line 1,670: / Line 1,836: @@
 | [[Islam Khan II|Mir Abdus Salam]]
 | 1635–1639
-| Known as ''Islam Khan Mashadi''
+| Known as ''Islam Khan Mashadi''. Decisively defeated the Ahoms and conquered Koch Bihar. Due to his achievements the emperor recalled him to the court to make him the Prime Minister (''Wazir-i-Azam'') of the Mughal Empire.
 |-
 | [[Shah Shuja (Mughal)|Prince Shah Shuja]]
 | 1639–1647 again 1652–1660
-|
+|Second son of the Emperor. Ably ruled Bengal for a long time, put an end to the Portuguese and Magh piracy. Defeated and deposed by his brother And new Emperor, Aurangzeb.
 |}
@@ Line 1,686: / Line 1,852: @@
 | [[Mir Jumla II]]
 | 1660–1663
-|
+|Defeated Shah Shujaat in battle. Defeated and annexed rebellious Kuch Bihar for a time, defeated the Assamese in battle and took Guwahati but died while returning back to Dhaka.
 |-
 | [[Shaista Khan]]
 | 1664–1678
-|
+|Uncle to Aurangzeb, First governorship. The legendary governor, to this day his rule is remembered as a time of proverbial prosperity for Bengal. Finally defeated Arakan and annexed Chittagong fland up to Kaladan river in 1666. Lalbagh fort in Dhaka was built during his tenure.
 |-
 | [[Azam Khan Koka]]
-| 1678–1678
+| 1678
 | Known as ''Fidai Khan II''
-|
 |-
 | [[Muhammad Azam Shah|Prince Muhammad Azam]]
-| 20 July 1678 – 6 October 1679<ref>{{cite book |last=Karim |first=Abdul |year=2012 |chapter=Muhammad Azam, Prince |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Muhammad_Azam,_Prince |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]}}</ref>
+| 20 July 1678 – 6 October 1679<ref>{{cite book |last=Karim |first=Abdul |year=2012 |chapter=Muhammad Azam, Prince |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Muhammad_Azam,_Prince |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]] |access-date=26 October 2015 |archive-date=13 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160113092330/http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Muhammad_Azam,_Prince |url-status=live}}</ref>
 |
 |-
 | [[Shaista Khan]]
 | 1680–1688
-|
+|Second phase. Annexed some parts of Kuch Bihar.
 |-
 | [[Ibrahim Khan II]]
@@ Line 1,711: / Line 1,876: @@
 | [[Azim-us-Shan|Prince Azim-us-Shan]]
 | 1697–1712
-|
+|Grandson of the Emperor. His son, Farrukhsiyar served as deputy governor during his rule.
 |}
-== Medieval Hindu dynasties of Bengal ==
+== Medieval dynasties of Bengal (Autonomy Rulers Under Sultans, Mughals & Nawabs) ==
 {{see also|List of Hindu empires and dynasties}}
-=== Koch dynasty (c. 1515 – 1949 CE) ===
+=== Koch dynasty (c. 1515–1949 CE) ===
 {{main|Koch dynasty}}
-==== Rulers of undivided Koch dynasty (c. 1515 – 1586 CE) ====
+==== Rulers of undivided Koch dynasty (c. 1515–1586 CE) ====
 * [[Biswa Singha]] (1515–1540 CE)
 * [[Nara Narayan]] (1540–1586 CE)
-==== Rulers of Koch Bihar (c. 1586 – 1949) ====
+==== Rulers of Koch Behar (c. 1586 – 1949) ====
 {{further|Cooch Behar State}}
 * Lakshmi Narayan
 * Bir Narayan
@@ Line 1,744: / Line 1,908: @@
 * [[Rajendra Narayan|Rajendra Narayan II]]
 * [[Jitendra Narayan]] (father of [[Gayatri Devi]])
-* [[Jagaddipendra Narayan]] (ruled till 1949)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rvondeh.dircon.co.uk/cooch1.html |title=Princess Daisy of Pless: The Happy Years. An exhibition at Castle Pless |website=www.rvondeh.dircon.co.uk}}</ref>
+* [[Jagaddipendra Narayan]] (ruled till 1949)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rvondeh.dircon.co.uk/cooch1.html |title=Princess Daisy of Pless: The Happy Years. An exhibition at Castle Pless |website=www.rvondeh.dircon.co.uk |access-date=13 October 2021 |archive-date=25 April 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090425091442/http://www.rvondeh.dircon.co.uk/cooch1.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
 === Kingdom of Bhurshut (c. 16th–18th century) ===
 {{Main|Bhurshut}}
-* Maharaja Shivanarayan
+*Maharaja Shivanarayan
 *[[Rudranarayan|Maharaja Rudranarayan]], Maharaja (16th century)
 *[[Bhavashankari]], Maharani (16th century)
@@ Line 1,756: / Line 1,920: @@
 *[[Lakshminarayan of Bhurishrestha|Lakshminarayan]], Maharaja (c. 1695–1712)
-=== Nadia dynasty ===
+=== Maharaja of Lower Bengal region ===
-{{Main|Nadia Raj}}
-* [[Raja Bhabananda]]
-* [[Raja Sri Krishna Ray]]
-* [[Raja Gopal Ray]]
-* [[Raja Raghab Ray]]
-* [[Maharaja Rudra Ray]]
-* [[Raja Ramjiban Ray]]
-* [[Raja Ramjiban Ray II]]
-* [[Raja Raghuram Ray]]
-* [[Raja Krishnachandra|Raja Krishnachandra Ray]] (1727–1772 CE)
-=== Kingdom of Chandradwip ===
-Many illustrious Maharajas ruled much of East Bengal and the Sundarbans and conquered Jessore. Their surname was Basu – they came to Bengal during the [[Sena dynasty]] to conquer the [[Pala Empire|Palas]] and take over from them.
-=== Maharajas of Jessore region ===
 ;Known rulers are-
-* [[Pratapaditya]]
+;
+;* [[Raja Sitaram Ray]] (1688–1714 CE)
-=== Maharaja of Lower Bengal region ===
-;Known rulers are:
-* [[Raja Sitaram Ray]] (1688–1714 CE)
 === Maharaja of Bhawal region ===
 {{main|Bhawal Estate}}
 Rulers of Gazipur and Madhupur forest are in central Bangladesh.
+=== Kingdom of Tripura ===
+{{Main|Twipra Kingdom}}
+=== Kingdom of Assam & North East ===
+{{Main|Ahom kingdom}}
 ==Nawabs of Bengal==
@@ Line 1,809: / Line 1,961: @@
 | style="text-align:center;"| [[Sarfaraz Khan|Sarfaraz Khan Bahadur]]
 | style="text-align:center;"|?
-| style="text-align:center;"|1727–1727
+| style="text-align:center;"|1727
 | style="text-align:center;"|April 1740
 |-
@@ Line 1,828: / Line 1,980: @@
 | colspan="6" style="text-align:center;" |'''Afshar Dynasty'''
 |-
-| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Allavardi Xán.jpg|90px]]
+| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:The musnud of Murshidabad (1704-1904) being a synopsis of the history of Murshidabad for the last two centuries, to which are appended notes of places and objects of interest at Murshidabad (1905) (14774447504).jpg|148x148px]]
 | style="text-align:center;"|''Husam ud-Daula''
 | style="text-align:center;"| [[Alivardi Khan|Muhammad Alivardi Khan Bahadur]]
@@ Line 1,843: / Line 1,995: @@
 |}
-=== Nawabs of Bengal under East India Company (1757–1838 CE) ===
+=== Shamsher Gazi's Kingdom ===
+{{Main|Shamsher Gazi}}
+[[File:শিল্পের পরিদর্শন.jpg|thumb|Reinterpreted fort of Shamsher Ghazi at a resort in [[Chhagalnaiya Upazila|Southern Chhagalnaiya]].]]
+The advent of the [[British East India Company]] with its "exploitation and oppression" alongside zamindari subjugation, made life of the peasants and farmers difficult and despondent. Shamsher Gazi's efficient rule freed them of this control. With the granting of rent exemption to the peasants, he managed to govern the economy in an appropriate manner, leading to the reduction of the prices of essential commodities.<ref name="Rāẏa1999">{{cite book |last=Rāẏa |first=Suprakāśa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=il9uAAAAMAAJ |title=Peasant Revolts And Democratic Struggles In India |publisher=ICBS (Delhi) |year=1999 |isbn=978-81-85971-61-2 |page=24 |accessdate=29 October 2015}}</ref> He was generous to both the Hindus and Muslims. He had ponds dug, naming them after himself, and built many schools in and outside his capital Jagannath Sonapur.<ref name="Sharma">{{Citation |last=Sharma |first=Virendra Nath |title=Sawai Jai Singh and His Astronomy |pages=8–9 |year=1995 |publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]] Publ. |isbn=978-81-208-1256-7}}</ref> 'Kaiyar Sagar' was one of the larger ponds in the area.<ref name=blp>{{cite Banglapedia |article=Shamsher Gazi |last=Nawaz |first=Ali}}</ref>
+=== Nawabs of Bengal under East India Company (1757–1881 CE) ===
 {| style="width:100%;" class="wikitable"
@@ Line 1,941: / Line 2,099: @@
 |}
-=== Nawabs of Murshidabad  ===
+=== Nawabs of Murshidabad ===
 {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
 |-
@@ Line 1,965: / Line 2,123: @@
 | 7 January 1875
 | December 1906 – 23 October 1959
-| 23 October 1959<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A39FAQAAMAAJ&q=Amir+ul-Omrah&pg=PA118 |title=Papers Presented to the House of Commons Concerning the Late Nabob of the Carnatic |last=Company |first=East India |date=1807 |pages=118 |language=en}}</ref>
+| 23 October 1959<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A39FAQAAMAAJ&q=Amir+ul-Omrah&pg=PA118 |title=Papers Presented to the House of Commons Concerning the Late Nabob of the Carnatic |last=East India Company |date=1807 |pages=118 |language=en |access-date=24 September 2021 |archive-date=20 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020194657/https://books.google.com/books?id=A39FAQAAMAAJ&q=Amir+ul-Omrah&pg=PA118 |url-status=live}}</ref>
 |-
 | [[File:Waris Ali.jpg|90px]]
@@ Line 1,976: / Line 2,134: @@
 | {{n/a}}
 | {{n/a}}
-| Disputed/In [[abeyance]]<ref name="againnawab">{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/Murshidabad-gets-a-Nawab-again-but-fight-for-assets-ahead/articleshow/40434802.cms |title=Murshidabad gets a Nawab again, but fight for assets ahead |work=The Times of India |date=20 August 2014 |access-date=14 June 2015 |author=Mahato, Sukumar |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150426161645/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/Murshidabad-gets-a-Nawab-again-but-fight-for-assets-ahead/articleshow/40434802.cms |archive-date=26 April 2015}}</ref><ref name="againnawabtwo">{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/Portrait-of-an-accidental-Nawab/articleshow/40618038.cms |title=Portrait of an accidental Nawab |work=The Times of India |date=22 August 2014 |access-date=14 June 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140823192242/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/Portrait-of-an-accidental-Nawab/articleshow/40618038.cms |archive-date=23 August 2014}}</ref>
+| Disputed/In [[abeyance]]<ref name="againnawab">{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/Murshidabad-gets-a-Nawab-again-but-fight-for-assets-ahead/articleshow/40434802.cms |title=Murshidabad gets a Nawab again, but fight for assets ahead |work=The Times of India |date=20 August 2014 |access-date=14 June 2015 |author=Mahato, Sukumar |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150426161645/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/Murshidabad-gets-a-Nawab-again-but-fight-for-assets-ahead/articleshow/40434802.cms |archive-date=26 April 2015}}</ref><ref name="againnawabtwo">{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/Portrait-of-an-accidental-Nawab/articleshow/40618038.cms |title=Portrait of an accidental Nawab |work=The Times of India |date=22 August 2014 |access-date=14 June 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140823192242/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/Portrait-of-an-accidental-Nawab/articleshow/40618038.cms |archive-date=23 August 2014}}</ref>
 | {{n/a}}
 | 20 November 1969 – 13 August 2014
@@ Line 1,989: / Line 2,147: @@
 |}
-== East India Company governors in Bengal ==
+== Bangalah Emirates ==
+{| class="wikitable"
+|+Badshah
+!Name
+!Reign
+|-
+|[[Titumir]]
+|1827–1831
+|}
+== East India Company governors, British Raj and Bengal Presidency Era in Bengal ==
+{{Main|Bengal Presidency}}
-===Governors of British East India Company in Bengal (1757–1793)===
+===Governors of British East India Company in Bengal (1757–1773)===
 * [[Robert Clive, 1st Baron Clive|Robert Clive]] 1757 – 1760
 * [[Henry Vansittart]] 1760 – 1764
@@ Line 1,997: / Line 2,166: @@
 * [[Harry Verelst (colonial governor)|Harry Verelst]] 1767 – 1769
 * [[John Cartier]] 1769 – 1772
-* [[Warren Hastings]] 1772 – 1773 ''see below''
+* [[Warren Hastings]] 1772 – 1773
 As per the treaty of Allahabad in 1765, the [[British East India Company]] (BEIC) was given the right to collect revenue (Diwani right). From 1769, the company collected revenue from Bengal.
-=== Governors-General of British East India Company in Bengal – Dual government (1773–1774) ===
+=== Governors-General of British East India Company in Bengal – Dual government (1773–1793) ===
-Following the [[Regulating Act of 1773]], the Governor of Bengal was officially called Governor-General of Fort William.
+Following the [[Regulating Act 1773]], the Governor of Bengal was officially called Governor-General of Fort William.
-* [[Warren Hastings]] 1773 ''see above'' – 1774
+* [[Warren Hastings]] 1773 – 1785
 * [[Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis|Charles Cornwallis]] 1786 – 1793
-=== Governors-General of British East India Company in Bengal (1793–1854) ===
+=== Governors-General of British East India Company in Bengal (1793–1833) ===
 In 1793, the British East India Company abolished Nizamat, i.e. local rule by Mughal emperor- appointed Nawabs and annexed Bengal.
 * [[Sir John Shore]] 1793 – 1798
@@ Line 2,019: / Line 2,188: @@
 === Governor-Generals of British East India Company (1833–1858) ===
-As per [[Charter Act of 1833]], the Governor-General of Bengal would be called Governor-General of India
+As per [[Charter Act 1833]], the Governor-General of Bengal would be called Governor-General of India
 * [[Lord William Bentinck]] 1833 – 1835
 * [[Charles Metcalfe, 1st Baron Metcalfe]] 1835 – 1836
@@ Line 2,029: / Line 2,198: @@
 * [[Charles Canning, 1st Earl Canning|The Viscount Canning]] 1856 – 1858
-==British Raj era==
+=== British Raj era ===
 [[File:A cyclopedia of missions - containing a comprehensive view of missionary operations throughout the world - with geographical descriptions, and accounts of the social, moral, and religious condition of (14576605978).jpg|thumb|1855 British Bengal missions]]
 [[File:Pope1880BengalPres2.jpg|thumb|1880 British Bengal province]]
@@ Line 2,052: / Line 2,221: @@
 * [[Sir John Woodburn]] 1898–1902
 * James Bourdillon 1902–1903
-* [[Sir Andrew Fraser]] 1903–1906
+* [[Sir Andrew Fraser]] 1903–1905
-* [[Lancelot Hare]] 1906–1906
+* Sir Andrew Fraser (Western Bengal); [[Bampfylde Fuller|Sir Bampfylde Fuller]] ([[Eastern Bengal and Assam]]) 1905–1906
-* [[Francis Slacke]] 1906–1908
+* [[Francis Slacke]] (Western Bengal) 1906–1908; [[Lancelot Hare]] (Eastern Bengal and Assam) 1906–1911
-* [[Sir Edward Baker]] 1908–1911
+* [[Sir Edward Baker]] (Western Bengal) 1908–1911
-* [[William Duke (colonial governor)|Sir William Duke]] 1911–1912
+* [[William Duke (colonial governor)|Sir William Duke]] (Western Bengal); Sir Charles Stuart Bayley (Eastern Bengal and Assam) 1911–1912
 ===Governors (1912–1947)===
@@ Line 2,079: / Line 2,248: @@
 | 1927
 |-
-| [[Stanley Jackson|<small>Sir</small> '''Stanley Jackson''']]
+| [[Stanley Jackson (cricketer)|<small>Sir</small> '''Stanley Jackson''']]
 | 1927
 | 1932
@@ Line 2,112: / Line 2,281: @@
 [[File:Writers' Building, Calcutta, India (8136102863).jpg|thumb|[[Writer's Building]] in Kolkata, the former seat of the Government of undivided Bengal]]
 [[File:Tomb Of Three Leader 3.A.M.R.jpg|thumb|The [[Mausoleum of three leaders|mausoleum]] of Huq, Nazimuddin and Suhrawardy in Dhaka]]
-{| class="wikitable"
+{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
+! rowspan="2" |No
+! rowspan="2" |Name
+! rowspan="2" |Portrait
+! colspan="3" |Tenure
+! rowspan="2" |Party
+<small>(coalition partner)</small>
+! rowspan="2" |Assembly
+! rowspan="2" |Appointed by
+<small>(Governor)</small>
+|-
+!Took office
+!Left office<ref>{{cite web|title=Premier of Bengal|url=http://wbassembly.gov.in/html/permiersOfBen.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714140526/http://wbassembly.gov.in/html/permiersOfBen.html|archive-date=14 July 2014|website=West Bengal Legislative Assembly}}</ref>
+!Term
+|-
+| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Krishak Sramik Party}};color:white" | 1 || rowspan="2" | [[A. K. Fazlul Huq|<br /> Abul Kasem Fazlul Huq]]|| rowspan="2" | [[File:A k fazlul hoque.jpg|120px]]
+|1 April 1937
+|1 December 1941
+| {{ayd|1937|4|1|1941|12|1}}|| [[Krishak Praja Party]]
+<small>([[All India Muslim League|Muslim League]])</small>
+| rowspan="3" |1st Assembly
+<small>[[1937 Bengal Legislative Assembly election|(1937 election)]]</small>
+| [[John Anderson, 1st Viscount Waverley|Sir John Anderson]]
 |-
-! No !! Name !! Image !! Term(s)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://wbassembly.gov.in/html/permiersOfBen.html |title=Premier of Bengal |website=West Bengal Legislative Assembly |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714140526/http://wbassembly.gov.in/html/permiersOfBen.html |archive-date=14 July 2014}}</ref> !! Party !! Governor !! Viceroy
+|12 December 1941
+|29 March 1943
+| {{ayd|1941|12|12|1943|3|29}}
+|[[Krishak Praja Party]]
+<small>([[Hindu Mahasabha]])</small>
+| rowspan="2" |[[John Arthur Herbert|Sir John Arthur Herbert]]
 |-
-| 1 || [[A. K. Fazlul Huq|''Sher-e-Bangla''<br /> A. K. Fazlul Huq]] || [[File:A k fazlul hoque.jpg|120px]] || 1 April 1937 – 1 December 1941<br /> 12 December 1941 – 29 March 1943 || [[Krishak Praja Party]] || [[John Arthur Herbert|Sir John Arthur Herbert]] || [[The Marquess of Linlithgow]]
+| style="background-color: {{party color|All-India Muslim League}};color:white"| 2 || [[Khawaja Nazimuddin|Sir Khawaja Nazimuddin]]|| [[File:Khawaja Nazimuddin.jpg|120px]]
+|29 April 1943
+|31 March 1945
+| {{ayd|1943|4|29|1945|3|31}}|| [[All-India Muslim League|Muslim League]]
 |-
-| 2 || [[Khawaja Nazimuddin|Sir Khawaja Nazimuddin]] || [[File:Khawaja Nazimuddin of Pakistan.JPG|120px]] || 29 April 1943 – 31 March 1945|| [[Bengal Provincial Muslim League]] || [[John Arthur Herbert|Sir John Arthur Herbert]] (−1944)<br />[[Richard Casey, Baron Casey|Sir Richard Casey]] (1944–) ||  [[The Marquess of Linlithgow]]<br /> [[The Viscount Wavell]]
+|style="background-color: {{party color|Independen}};color:black"| -
+|''Vacant''<br/>('''[[President's rule|Governor's rule]]''')
+| [[File:Star of the Order of the Star of India (gold).svg|120px]]
+|1 April 1945
+|22 April 1946
+| {{ayd|1945|4|1|1946|4|22}}
+| ''[[N/A]]''
+| ''Dissolved''
+| -
 |-
-| 3 || [[H. S. Suhrawardy]] ||  || 23 April 1946 – 14 August 1947 || [[Bengal Provincial Muslim League]] || [[Richard Casey, Baron Casey|Sir Richard Casey]] (−1946)<br />[[Frederick Burrows|Sir Frederick Burrows]] || [[The Viscount Wavell]]<br /> [[Earl Mountbatten]]
+| style="background-color: {{party color|All-India Muslim League}};color:white"| 3
+|| [[H. S. Suhrawardy|Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy]]|| [[File:Huseyn_Shaheed_Suhrawardy.png|120px]]
+|23 April 1946
+|14 August 1947
+| {{ayd|1946|4|23|1947|8|15}}|| [[All-India Muslim League|Muslim League]]
+|2nd Assembly
+<small>[[1946 Bengal Legislative Assembly election|(1946 election)]]</small>
+| <br />[[Frederick Burrows|Sir Frederick Burrows]]
 |}
-Subsequently, all three Bengali chief ministers moved to [[East Pakistan]], where they continued to be influential statesmen. Nazimuddin and Suhrawardy became [[List of Prime Ministers of Pakistan|Prime Ministers of Pakistan]], while Huq served as the [[Chief Minister]] and [[Governor]] of East Pakistan.
+Subsequently, all three Bengali chief ministers moved to [[East Pakistan]], where they continued to be influential statesmen. Nazimuddin and Suhrawardy became [[List of Prime Ministers of Pakistan|Prime Ministers of Pakistan]], while Huq served as the [[chief minister]] and governor of East Pakistan.
 ==After Independence of India and Pakistan==
-British colonial period ended when [[India]] and [[Pakistan]] became independent nations in 1947. [[Bengal]] fell into two parts – one in India, named [[West Bengal]] and the other part in [[Pakistan]] as [[East Bengal]], later renamed to [[East Pakistan]] in 1955.
+British colonial period ended when India and [[Pakistan]] became independent nations in 1947. [[Bengal]] fell into two parts – one in India, named [[West Bengal]] and the other part in Pakistan as [[East Bengal]], later renamed to [[East Pakistan]] in 1955.
-===Pakistani (East) Bengal (1947–1971)===
+===East Bengal (1947–1955)===
 ====Governors of East Bengal (1947–1955)====
-{|class="wikitable"
+{{Main|Governor of East Pakistan#Governors of East Bengal}}
+'''Political Party'''
+{{Legend|{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League}}|[[Pakistan Muslim League|Muslim League]]}}
+{{Legend|gray|[[Independent Politician|Independent]]}}
+'''Legend'''
+{{Legend|#e6e6aa|Acting Governor}}
+{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
+|+List of Governors of East Bengal
+! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" |#
+! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" |Portrait
+! rowspan="2" |Governor
+! colspan="3" |Term of office
+! rowspan="2" |Political Party
+! rowspan="2" |Governor General/
+President
 |-
-!Tenure||Governor of East Bengal{{citation needed|date=June 2020}}
+!Term start
+!Term end
+!Time in office
 |-
-|15 August 1947 – 31 March 1950||[[Frederick Chalmers Bourne|Sir Frederick Chalmers Bourne]]
+! style="background-color: gray; color:white" |1
+|[[File:Sir Frederick Chalmers Bourne.jpg|192x192px]]
+|[[Frederick Chalmers Bourne|Sir Frederick Chalmers Bourne]]
+<small>(1891-1977)</small>
+|{{Date  table sorting|1947|8|15||format=dmy}}<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |date=2013-04-09 |title=frederick - THE BANGABHABAN : The President House of Bangladesh |url=http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/frederick1.html |access-date=2025-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130409094140/http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/frederick1.html |archive-date=9 April 2013 }}</ref>
+|{{Date  table sorting|1950|4|5|format=dmy}}<ref name=":02" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=6 April 1950 |title=স্যার ফেডরিকের স্বদেশ যাত্রা |trans-title=Sir Frederick's Journey Home |url=https://songramernotebook.com/archives/254510 |access-date=21 February 2025 |work=The Azad |pages=1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520015652/https://songramernotebook.com/archives/254510 |archive-date=20 May 2022 |language=Bengali}}</ref>
+|{{ayd|15  August 1947|April 5, 1950}}
+|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
+<small>(British</small>
+<small>Administrator)</small>
+| style="padding:0;" |<div style="padding:10;">[[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]]</div>
+----<div style="padding:10;">[[Khawaja Nazimuddin]]</div>
+|- style="background:#e6e6aa;"
+| style="background-color:gray; color:white;" |'''[-]'''
+|[[File:A.S.M._Akram.jpg|164x164px]]
+|Justice
+[[A.S.M. Akram]] (Acting){{Efn|[[A.S.M. Akram]] was appointed Acting Governor during the leave of absence of [[Frederick Chalmers Bourne|Sir Frederick Chalmers Bourne]]|group=lower-roman}}
+<small>(1888-1968)</small>
+|{{Date  table sorting|1949|3|16|format=dmy}}<ref name=":111">{{Cite web |date=2013-04-09 |title=akram - THE BANGABHABAN : The President House of Bangladesh |url=http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/akram.html |access-date=2025-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130409094129/http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/akram.html |archive-date=9 April 2013 }}</ref>
+|{{Date  table sorting|1949|4|25||format=dmy}}<ref name=":111" />
+|{{ayd|16 March 1949|25 April 1949}}
+|[[Independent Politician|Independent]]
+|[[Khawaja Nazimuddin]]
 |-
-|31 March 1950 – 31 March 1953||[[Feroz Khan Noon|Sir Feroz Khan Noon]]
+! style="background-color: {{party color|Pakistan Muslim League}}; color:white" |2
+|[[File:Feroz_Khan_Noon.jpg|146x146px]]
+|[[Feroz Khan Noon|Sir Feroz Khan Noon]]
+<small>(1893-1970)</small>
+|{{Date  table sorting|1950|4|5||format=dmy}}<ref name=":26">{{Cite web |date=2013-04-09 |title=firozkhan - THE BANGABHABAN : The President House of Bangladesh |url=http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/firozkhan.html |access-date=2025-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130409094134/http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/firozkhan.html |archive-date=9 April 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=6 April 1950 |title=পূর্ব পাকিস্তানের নবনিযুক্ত গভার্নর এর ঢাকা আগমন |trans-title=The Newly Appointed Governor of East Pakistan Arrives in Dhaka |url=https://songramernotebook.com/archives/254510 |work=The Azad |pages=1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520015652/https://songramernotebook.com/archives/254510 |archive-date=20 May 2022 |language=Bengali}}</ref>
+|{{Date table  sorting|1953|3|26||format=dmy}}<ref name=":26" />
+|{{ayd|April 5, 1950|March 26, 1953}}
+|[[Muslim League (1947–1958)|Muslim League]]
+| style="padding:0;" |<div style="padding:10;">[[Khawaja Nazimuddin]]</div>
+----<div style="padding:10;">[[Malik Ghulam Muhammad]]</div>
 |-
-|31 March 1953 – 29 May 1954||[[Chaudhry Khaliquzzaman]]
+| style="background-color: {{party color|Pakistan Muslim League}}; color:white;" |'''[-]'''
+| style="background:#e6e6aa;" |[[File:1921_Abdur_Rahman_Siddiqui.jpg|160x160px]]
+| style="background:#e6e6aa;" |[[Abdur Rahman Siddiqui]]
+(Acting){{Efn|[[Abdur Rahman Siddiqui]] was appointed Acting Governor during the leave of absence of [[Feroz Khan Noon|Sir Feroz Khan Noon]]|group=lower-roman}}
+<small>(1887-1953)</small>
+| style="background:#e6e6aa;" |{{Date table  sorting|1952|7|25||format=dmy}}<ref name=":32">{{Cite web |date=2013-04-09 |title=abdurrahman - THE BANGABHABAN : The President House of Bangladesh |url=http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/abdurrahman.html |access-date=2025-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130409094124/http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/abdurrahman.html |archive-date=9 April 2013 }}</ref>
+| style="background:#e6e6aa;" |{{Date table  sorting|1952|11|10||format=dmy}}<ref name=":32" />
+| style="background:#e6e6aa;" |{{ayd|25 July 1952|10 November 1952}}
+| style="background:#e6e6aa;" |[[Muslim League (1947–1958)|Muslim League]]
+| rowspan="5" |[[Malik Ghulam Muhammad]]
 |-
-|29 May 1954 – May 1955||[[Iskandar Ali Mirza]]
+! style="background-color: {{party color|Pakistan Muslim League}}; color:white" |3
+|[[File:Chaudhry_Khaliquzzaman.JPG|120x120px]]
+|[[Chaudhry Khaliquzzaman]]
+<small>(1889-1973)</small>
+|{{Date table  sorting|1953|4|4||format=dmy}}<ref name=":42">{{Cite web |date=2013-04-09 |title=khaliquzzaman - THE BANGABHABAN : The President House of Bangladesh |url=http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/khaliquzzaman.html |access-date=2025-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130409072315/http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/khaliquzzaman.html |archive-date=9 April 2013 }}</ref>
+|{{Date table  sorting|1954|5|30||format=dmy}}{{Efn|With the dismissal of the [[United Front (East Pakistan)|United Front]] Ministry in [[East Bengal]], [[Governor-General of Pakistan|Governor General]] [[Malik Ghulam Muhammad]] decided to enforce Governor's Rule in the province and appointed [[Iskander Mirza]] as Governor|name=United Front|group=lower-roman}}<ref name=":42" />
+|{{ayd|April 4, 1953|May 30, 1954}}
+|[[Pakistan Muslim League|Muslim League]]
 |-
-|May 1955 – June 1955||[[Muhammad Shahabuddin]] ''(acting)''
+! style="background-color: {{party color|Pakistan Muslim League}}; color:white" |4
+|[[File:Iskander_Mirza.jpg|162x162px]]
+|[[Iskander Mirza]]
+<small>(1899-1969)</small>
+|{{Date table  sorting|1954|5|30||format=dmy}}{{Efn|name=United Front|group=lower-roman}}<ref name=":52">{{Cite web |date=2013-04-09 |title=iskandermirza - THE BANGABHABAN : The President House of Bangladesh |url=http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/iskandermirza.html |access-date=2025-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130409074117/http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/iskandermirza.html |archive-date=9 April 2013 }}</ref>
+|{{Date table sorting|1954|09|21||format=dmy}}<ref name=":52" />
+|{{ayd|30 May 1954|September 21, 1954}}
+|[[Pakistan Muslim League|Muslim League]]
+|- style="background:#e6e6aa;"
+| style="background-color:gray; color:white;" |'''[-]'''
+|[[File:Thomas_Hobart_Ellis.jpg|164x164px]]
+|Justice
+[[Thomas Hobart Ellis|Sir Thomas Hobart Ellis]] (Acting){{Efn|[[Thomas Hobart Ellis|Sir Thomas Hobart Ellis]] was appointed Acting Governor when [[Iskander Mirza]] was taken into the central cabinet as Minister|group=lower-roman}}
+<small>(1894-1981)</small>
+|<small>Appointment:</small><ref name=":62">{{Cite web |date=2013-04-09 |title=hobartellis - THE BANGABHABAN : The President House of Bangladesh |url=http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/hobartellis.html |access-date=2025-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130409074112/http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/hobartellis.html |archive-date=9 April 2013 }}</ref>
+{{Date table sorting|1954|09|21||format=dmy}}
+----<small>Sworn in:<ref name=":62" /></small>
+{{Date table sorting|1954|10|25||format=dmy}}
+|{{Date table  sorting|1954|12|22||format=dmy}}<ref name=":62" />
+|{{ayd|September 21, 1954|December 22, 1954}}
+|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
 |-
-|June 1955 – 14 October 1955||[[Amiruddin Ahmad]]
+! style="background-color: gray; color:white" |'''[-]'''
+| style="background:#e6e6aa;" |[[File:Muhammad_Shahabuddin.jpg|164x164px]]
+| style="background:#e6e6aa;" |Justice
+[[Muhammad Shahabuddin]] (Acting){{Efn|[[Muhammad Shahabuddin]] was appointed after Acting Governor after [[Thomas Hobart Ellis|Sir Thomas Hobart Ellis]]|group=lower-roman}}
+<small>(1895-1971)</small>
+| style="background:#e6e6aa;" |{{Date table  sorting|1954|12|22||format=dmy}}<ref name=":72">{{Cite web |date=2013-04-25 |title=shahabuddin - THE BANGABHABAN : The President House of Bangladesh |url=http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/shahabuddin1.html |access-date=2025-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130425081212/http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/shahabuddin1.html |archive-date=25 April 2013 }}</ref>
+| style="background:#e6e6aa;" |{{Date table  sorting|1955|6|14||format=dmy}}{{Efn|[[Muhammad Shahabuddin|Justice Shahabuddin]] resigned due to differences of opinion about the restoration of [[parliamentary government]] in [[East Bengal]]|group=lower-roman}}<ref name=":72" />
+| style="background:#e6e6aa;" |{{ayd|22 December 1954|14 June 1955}}
+| style="background:#e6e6aa;" |[[Independent politician|Independent]]
+|- style="background:#e6e6aa;"
+| style="background-color:gray; color:white;" |'''[-]'''
+|[[File:Amiruddin_Ahmad.jpg|164x164px]]
+|Justice
+[[Amiruddin Ahmad]] (Acting){{Efn|Justice [[Amiruddin Ahmad]], Chief Justice of [[Dhaka High Court]], was appointed acting Governor on the resignation of Justice [[Muhammad Shahabuddin]]|group=lower-roman}}
+<small>(1895-1965)</small>
+|{{Date table  sorting|1955|6|14||format=dmy}}<ref name=":83">{{Cite web |date=2013-04-25 |title=amiruddin - THE BANGABHABAN : The President House of Bangladesh |url=http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/amiruddin.html |access-date=2025-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130425081002/http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/amiruddin.html |archive-date=25 April 2013 }}</ref>
+|<small>As Governor of [[East Bengal]]:</small>
+{{Date table  sorting|1955|10|14||format=dmy}}
+----<small>As Governor of [[East Pakistan]]</small><small>:</small>
+{{Date table  sorting|1956|3|9||format=dmy}}<ref name=":83"/>
+|<small>As Governor of [[East Bengal]]:</small>
+{{ayd|14 June 1955|October 14, 1955}}
+----<small>As Governor of [[East Pakistan|Eastern Wing]]:</small>
+{{ayd|14 June 1955|March 9, 1956}}
+|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
+|[[Malik Ghulam Muhammad]]
+----[[Iskander Mirza]]
 |}
+{{notelist-lr}}
-====Chief Minister of East Bengal (1947–1955)====
+===East Pakistan (1955–1971)===
-{|class="wikitable"
+====Governors of East Pakistan (1955–1971)====
-|-
+In late 1955, the prime minister [[Muhammad Ali Bogra]] initiated the [[One Unit]] policy which resulted in East Bengal province being renamed to '''East Pakistan'''.
-!Tenure||Chief Minister of East Bengal||Political Party
-|-
-|August 1947 – September 1948||Sir [[Khwaja Nazimuddin]]||[[All-India Muslim League|Muslim League]]
-|-
-|September 1948 – April 1954||[[Nurul Amin]] ||[[All-India Muslim League|Muslim League]]
-|-
-|April 1954 – 1955||[[Abul Kasem Fazlul Huq]] ||[[All-India Muslim League|United Front]]
-|}
-====Governors of East Pakistan (1955–1971)====
+{{Main|Governor of East Pakistan#Governors of East Pakistan}}
-In late 1954, the prime minister [[Muhammad Ali Bogra]] initiated the [[One Unit]] policy which resulted in East Bengal province being renamed to '''East Pakistan'''.
-{|class="wikitable"
+'''Political Party'''
+{{Legend|{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League}}|[[Pakistan Muslim League|Muslim League]]}}
+{{Legend|{{party color|Krishak Sramik Party}}|[[Krishak Sramik Party]]}}
+{{Legend|gray|[[Independent Politician|Independent]]}}
+{{Tree list}}
+*{{Legend|{{party color|military}}|[[Pakistan Armed Forces|Military Governor]]}}
+{{Tree list/end}}
+'''Legend'''
+{{Legend|#e6e6aa|Acting Governor}}
+{{Legend|pink|Functioned and exercised power as Governor by the order of [[President of Pakistan|president]] without being appointed as one}}
+{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
+|+List of Governors of East Pakistan
+! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" |#
+! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" |Portrait
+! rowspan="2" |Governor
+! colspan="3" |Term of office
+! rowspan="2" |Political Party
+! rowspan="2" |President
 |-
-!Tenure||Governor of East Pakistan{{citation needed|date=June 2020}}
+!Term start
-!Political Affiliation
+!Term end
+!Time in office
+|-
+| style="background-color:gray; color:white;" |'''[-]'''
+|style="background:#e6e6aa;"|[[File:Amiruddin_Ahmad.jpg|164x164px]]
+|style="background:#e6e6aa;"|Justice
+[[Amiruddin Ahmad]] (Acting){{Efn|Justice [[Amiruddin Ahmad]], Chief Justice of [[Dhaka High Court]], was appointed acting Governor on the resignation of Justice [[Muhammad Shahabuddin]]|group=upper-roman}}
+<small>(1895-1965)</small>
+|style="background:#e6e6aa;"|<small>As Governor of [[East Pakistan]]:</small>
+{{Date table  sorting|1955|10|14||format=dmy}}
+----<small>As Governor of [[East Bengal]]:</small>
+{{Date table  sorting|1955|6|14|}}<ref name=":83"/>
+|style="background:#e6e6aa;"|{{Date table  sorting|1956|3|9||format=dmy}}<ref name=":83" />
+|style="background:#e6e6aa;"|<small>As Governor of [[East Pakistan]]:</small>
+{{ayd|October 14, 1955|March 9, 1956}}
+----<small>As Governor of [[East Pakistan|Eastern Wing]] :</small>
+{{ayd|14 June 1955|March 9, 1956}}
+|style="background:#e6e6aa;"|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
+| rowspan="4" |[[Iskander Mirza]]
 |-
-|14 October 1955 – March 1956||[[Amiruddin Ahmad]]|| [[Muslim League (Pakistan)|Muslim League]]
+! style="background-color: {{party color|Krishak Sramik Party}}; color:white" |1
+|[[File:A_k_fazlul_hoque.jpg|160x160px]]
+|[[A. K. Fazlul Huq|Sher-e-Bangla A. K. Fazlul Huq]]
+<small>(1873 - 1962)</small>
+|{{Date table  sorting|1956|3|9||format=dmy}}<ref name=":92">{{Cite web |date=2013-04-25 |title=fazluhuq - THE BANGABHABAN : The President House of Bangladesh |url=http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/fazluhuq.html |access-date=2025-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130425081037/http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/fazluhuq.html |archive-date=25 April 2013 }}</ref>
+|{{Date table  sorting|1958|3|31||format=dmy}}{{Efn|[[President of Pakistan|President]] [[Iskander Mirza]] removed [[A. K. Fazlul Huq]] as governor on 31 March 1958 on the advice of the [[Feroz Khan Noon|Noon cabinet]] for allegedly overstepping his limits as a constitutional Governor. [[A. K. Fazlul Huq|Huq]] had dismissed [[Ataur Rahman Khan|Ataur Rahman's]] Ministry of [[Awami League]] that had not been defeated on the [[Provincial Assembly of East Pakistan|floor of the House]], and had installed Mr. [[Abu Hussain Sarkar]] of his own party [[Krishak Sramik Party]] as [[Chief Minister of East Pakistan|Chief Minister]].|group=upper-roman}}<ref name=":92" /><ref name=":252">{{Cite news |date=1 April 1958 |title=করাচীর নির্দেশে পূর্ব পাকিস্তানের গভার্নর মিঃ ফজলুল হকের নাটকীয়ভাবে পদচ্যুত |trans-title=Governor of East Pakistan Mr. Fazlul Haq Dramatically Removed by Orders from Karachi |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/1kQ3OY8vI16501RGOqqw5z8bUnCXil-vE/view |access-date=21 February 2025 |work=The Jugantor |pages=1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250128040003/https://drive.google.com/file/d/1kQ3OY8vI16501RGOqqw5z8bUnCXil-vE/view |archive-date=28 January 2025 |language=Bengali}}</ref>
+|{{ayd|March 9, 1956|March 31, 1958}}
+|[[Krishak Sramik Party|Krishak]]
+[[Krishak Sramik Party|Sramik Party]]
+|- style="background:#e6e6aa;"
+! style="background-color: gray; color:white" |'''[-]'''
+|[[File:Acting Governor of East Pakistan Muhammad Hamid Ali (1958).jpg|156x156px]]
+|[[Muhammad Hamid Ali]]
+(Acting){{Efn|[[Muhammad Hamid Ali]], Chief Secretary to the Governor of [[East Pakistan]], was appointed Acting Governor in pursuance of the provisions of Article 70 of the [[Constitution of Pakistan of 1956|Constitution]] following the removal of [[A. K. Fazlul Huq|Sher-e-Bangla A. K. Fazlul Huq]] from the office|group=upper-roman}}
+<small>(1906-1972)</small>
+|{{Date table  sorting|1958|4|1||format=dmy}}<ref name=":102">{{Cite web |date=2013-04-25 |title=hamidali - THE BANGABHABAN : The President House of Bangladesh |url=http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/hamidali.html |access-date=2025-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130425081107/http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/hamidali.html |archive-date=25 April 2013 }}</ref><ref name=":252" />
+|{{Date table  sorting|1958|5|3||format=dmy}}<ref name=":102" /><ref name=":242">{{Cite news |date=3 May 1958 |title=পূর্ব পাকিস্তানের নয়া গভর্নর |trans-title=The New Governor of East Pakistan |url=https://songramernotebook.com/archives/248800 |work=The Azad |pages=1 |language=Bengali}}</ref>
+|{{ayd|April 1, 1958|3 May 1958}}
+|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
 |-
-|March 1956 – 13 April 1958||[[A. K. Fazlul Huq]] || [[Muslim League (Pakistan)|Muslim League]]
+! style="background-color: gray; color:white" |2
+|[[File:Sultanuddin_Ahmad.jpg|160x160px]]
+|[[Sultanuddin Ahmad]]
+<small>(1902-1977)</small>
+|<small>Appointment:</small><ref name=":112">{{Cite web |date=2013-04-25 |title=sultanuddin - THE BANGABHABAN : The President House of Bangladesh |url=http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/sultanuddin.html |access-date=2025-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130425081237/http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/sultanuddin.html |archive-date=25 April 2013 }}</ref>
+{{Date table  sorting|1958|4|26||format=dmy}}
+----<small>Sworn in:<ref name=":112" /><ref name=":242" /></small>
+{{Date table  sorting|1958|5|3||format=dmy}}
+|{{Date table  sorting|1958|10|10||format=dmy}}{{Efn|[[Sultanuddin Ahmad]] was removed from office on 10 October 1958 soon after the promulgation of [[1958 Pakistani military coup|Martial Law in Pakistan]] on 7 October|group=upper-roman}}<ref name=":112" /><ref name=":1102">{{Cite news |date=12 October 1958 |title=Zakir Hussain installed as new governor |url=https://songramernotebook.com/archives/491801 |work=Bangladesh Observer (known as Pakistan Observer during Publication)}}</ref>
+|{{ayd|3 May 1958|10  October 1958}}
+|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
 |-
-|13 April 1958 – 3 May 1958||Hamid Ali ''(acting)'' || [[Awami League]]
+! style="background-color: gray; color:white" |3
+|[[File:Zakir_Husain_(governor).jpg|160x160px]]
+|[[Zakir Husain (governor)|Zakir Husain]]
+<small>(1898-1971)</small>
+|<small>Appointment:</small><ref name=":122">{{Cite web |date=2013-04-25 |title=zakirhusain - THE BANGABHABAN : The President House of Bangladesh |url=http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/zakirhusain.html |access-date=2025-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130425081253/http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/zakirhusain.html |archive-date=25 April 2013 }}</ref>
+{{Date table  sorting|1958|10|10||format=dmy}}
+----<small>Sworn in:<ref name=":122" /><ref name=":1102" /></small>
+{{Date table  sorting|1958|10|11||format=dmy}}
+|{{Date table  sorting|1960|4|14||format=dmy}}<ref name=":122" />
+|{{ayd|11 October  1958|14 April 1960}}
+|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
+| style="padding:0;" |<div style="padding:10;">[[Iskander Mirza]]</div>
+----<div style="padding:10;">[[Ayub Khan]]</div>
 |-
-|3 May 1958 – 10 October 1958||[[Sultanuddin Ahmad]] || [[Awami League]]
+! style="background-color: {{party color|military}};" |4
+[[File:Pakistan_Army_Emblem.png|30x30px]]
+|[[File:General_Azam_Khan_(cropped).jpg|120x120px]]
+|[[Lieutenant general]]
+[[Azam Khan (general)|Azam Khan]], [[Pakistan Army|PA]]
+<small>(1908-1994)</small>
+|{{Date table  sorting|1960|4|15||format=dmy}}<ref name=":132">{{Cite web |date=2013-04-25 |title=azamkhan - THE BANGABHABAN : The President House of Bangladesh |url=http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/azamkhan.html |access-date=2025-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130425081007/http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/azamkhan.html |archive-date=25 April 2013 }}</ref>
+|{{Date table  sorting|1962|5|10||format=dmy}}<ref name=":132" />
+|{{ayd|15 April  1960|10 May 1962}}
+|[[Pakistan Army|Military]]
+| rowspan="5" |[[Ayub Khan]]
+|- style="background:#e6e6aa;"
+| style="background-color:gray; color:white;" |'''[-]'''
+|[[File:Syed Hashim Raza.jpg|141x141px]]
+|[[Syed Hashim Raza]]
+(Acting){{Efn|[[Syed Hashim Raza]] was Acting Governor of the province during the absence of General [[Azam Khan (general)|Azam Khan's]] official visit to [[West Germany]]|group=upper-roman}}
+<small>(1910-2003)</small>
+|{{Date table  sorting|1961|7|1||format=dmy}}<ref name=":142">{{Cite web |date=2013-04-25 |title=hashimraza - THE BANGABHABAN : The President House of Bangladesh |url=http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/hashimraza.html |access-date=2025-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130425081112/http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/hashimraza.html |archive-date=25 April 2013 }}</ref>
+|{{Date table  sorting|1961|8|5||format=dmy}}<ref name=":142" />
+|{{ayd|1 July 1961|5 August 1961}}
+|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
 |-
-|10 October 1958 – 11 April 1960||[[Zakir Husain (governor)|Zakir Husain]] || [[Muslim League (Pakistan)|Muslim League]]
+! style="background-color: gray; color:white" |5
+|[[File:Ghulam_Faruqe_Khan.jpg|120x120px]]
+|[[Ghulam Faruque Khan]]
+<small>(1899-1992)</small>
+|{{Date table  sorting|1962|5|11||format=dmy}}<ref name=":152">{{Cite web |date=2013-04-25 |title=faruque - THE BANGABHABAN : The President House of Bangladesh |url=http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/faruque.html |access-date=2025-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130425081031/http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/faruque.html |archive-date=25 April 2013 }}</ref>
+|{{Date table  sorting|1962|10|25||format=dmy}}{{Efn|Unable to cope with the political problems of [[East Pakistan]], [[Ghulam Faruque Khan]] resigned from office.|group=upper-roman}}<ref name=":152" />
+|{{ayd|11 May 1962|25  October 1962}}
+|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
 |-
-|11 April 1960 – 11 May 1962||[[Lieutenant-General]] [[Azam Khan (general)|Azam Khan]], [[Pakistan Army|PA]] ||Military Administration
+! style="background-color: {{party color|Pakistan Muslim League}}; color:white" |6
+|[[File:Abdul_Monem_Khan.jpg|160x160px]]
+|[[Abdul Monem Khan]]
+<small>(1899-1971)</small>
+|{{Date table  sorting|1962|10|28||format=dmy}}<ref name=":162">{{Cite web |date=2013-04-09 |title=monemkhan - THE BANGABHABAN : The President House of Bangladesh |url=http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/monemkhan.html |access-date=2025-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130409085649/http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/monemkhan.html |archive-date=9 April 2013 }}</ref>
+|{{Date table  sorting|1969|3|23||format=dmy}}<ref name=":162" />
+|{{ayd|28 October  1962|23 March 1969}}<br><small>(Longest Serving)</small>
+|[[Pakistan Muslim League|Muslim League]]
 |-
-|11 May 1962 – 25 October 1962||[[Ghulam Faruque Khan|Ghulam Faruque]] || [[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
+! style="background-color: gray; color:white" |7
+|[[File:Mirza_Nurul_Huda_Brussels_1976.jpg|160x160px]]
+|[[Mirza Nurul Huda]]
+<small>(1919-1991)</small>
+|{{Date table  sorting|1969|3|23||format=dmy}}<ref name=":172">{{Cite web |date=2013-04-08 |title=nurulhuda - THE BANGABHABAN : The President House of Bangladesh |url=http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/nurulhuda.html |access-date=2025-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130408020135/http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/nurulhuda.html |archive-date=8 April 2013 }}</ref>
+|{{Date table  sorting|1969|3|25||format=dmy}}{{Efn|With the promulgation of Martial Law throughout Pakistan and the abrogation of the [[Constitution of Pakistan of 1962|constitution]] in the evening of 25 March, [[Mirza Nurul Huda]]'s tenure of governorship came to an abrupt end after just 60 hours.|group=upper-roman}}<ref name=":172" />
+|{{ayd|23 March  1969|25 March 1969}}
+|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
 |-
-|25 October 1962 – 23 March 1969||[[Abdul Monem Khan]] || Civil Administration
+! style="background-color: {{party color|military}};" |8
+[[File:Pakistan_Army_Emblem.png|30x30px]]
+| style="background-color: pink;" |[[File:Muzaffaruddin.jpg|155x155px]]
+| style="background-color: pink;" |[[Major general]]
+[[Muzaffaruddin]], [[Pakistan Army|PA]]{{Efn|On 25 March 1969 [[General (Pakistan)|General]] [[Yahya Khan|A. M. Yahya Khan]] proclaimed [[martial law]] and divided the country into two administrative zones- [[West Pakistan]] (Zone 'A') and [[East Pakistan]] (Zone 'B'). [[Major general]] [[Muzaffaruddin]] was the GOC of the 14 Division, became Martial Law Administrator, Zone 'B'. On 8 April 1969, [[Yahya Khan]] issued an order directing that the Martial Law Administrators of Zone 'A' and 'B' would perform the functions and powers of the Governors of [[West Pakistan|West]] and [[East Pakistan]] respectively. Thus [[Major general]] [[Muzaffaruddin]] became Martial Law Administrator and also exercised the powers and functions of Governor of East Pakistan.|name=Marshall Law|group=upper-roman}}
+<small>(Martial Law Administrator)</small>
+| style="background-color: pink;" |{{Date table  sorting|1969|3|25||format=dmy}}<ref name=":182">{{Cite web |date=2013-04-09 |title=muzaffar - THE BANGABHABAN : The President House of Bangladesh |url=http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/muzaffar.html |access-date=2025-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130409085729/http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/muzaffar.html |archive-date=9 April 2013 }}</ref>
+| style="background-color: pink;" |{{Date table  sorting|1969|8|23||format=dmy}}<ref name=":182" />
+| style="background-color: pink;" |{{ayd|25 March  1969|23 August 1969}}
+| style="background-color: pink;" |[[Pakistan Army|Military]]
+| rowspan="7" |[[Yahya Khan]]
+|- style="background-color: pink;"
+! style="background-color: {{party color|military}};" |9
+[[File:Pakistan_Army_Emblem.png|30x30px]]
+|[[File:Sahabzada_Yaqub_Khan.jpg|155x155px]]
+|[[Lieutenant general]]
+[[Sahabzada Yaqub Khan]], [[Pakistan Army|PA]]{{Efn|[[Lieutenant general]] [[Sahabzada Yaqub Khan]] was appointed as Martial Law Administrator of Zone 'B' and exercised the powers and functions of the Governor of [[East Pakistan]].|group=upper-roman}}
+<small>(1920-2016)</small>
+<small>(Martial Law Administrator)</small>
+|{{Date table  sorting|1969|8|23||format=dmy}}<ref name=":192">{{Cite web |date=2013-04-09 |title=yaqubkhan - THE BANGABHABAN : The President House of Bangladesh |url=http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/yaqubkhan.html |access-date=2025-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130425081248/http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/yaqubkhan.html |archive-date=25 April 2013 }}</ref>
+|{{Date table  sorting|1969|9|1||format=dmy}}{{Efn|On 8 April 1969, [[President of Pakistan|President]] [[Yahya Khan]] issued an order directing that the Martial Law Administrators would perform the functions and powers of the Governor. However, a notification issued by the [[Cabinet of Pakistan|cabinet secretariat]] on 1 September 1969 cancelled the order of 8 April 1969 and directed Martial Law Administrators to refrain from performing the functions of Governor in their respective provinces with immediate effect. [[Lieutenant general|Lt. General]] [[Sahabzada Yaqub Khan|Yaqub Khan]] remained Martial Law Administrator until [[Vice Admiral]] [[Syed Mohammad Ahsan|S. M. Ahsan]] took over as the new Governor of East Pakistan on 1 September 1969|group=upper-roman}}<ref name=":192" />
+|{{ayd|23 August 1969|1  September 1969}}
+|[[Pakistan Army|Military]]
 |-
-|23 March 1969 – 25 March 1969||[[Mirza Nurul Huda]] || Civil Administration
+! style="background-color: {{party color|military}};" |10
+[[File:Pakistan_Navy_emblem.svg|39x39px]]
+|
+|[[Vice admiral]]
+[[Syed Mohammad Ahsan]], [[Pakistan Navy|PN]]
+<small>(1921-1989)</small>
+|{{Date table  sorting|1969|9|1||format=dmy}}<ref name=":202">{{Cite web |date=2013-04-25 |title=ahsan - THE BANGABHABAN : The President House of Bangladesh |url=http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/ahsan.html |access-date=2025-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130425080956/http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/ahsan.html |archive-date=25 April 2013 }}</ref>
+|{{Date table  sorting|1971|3|1||format=dmy}}<ref name=":202" />
+|{{ayd|1 September  1969|1 March 1971}}
+|[[Pakistan Navy|Military]]
+|- style="background-color: pink;"
+! style="background-color: {{party color|military}};" |(11)
+[[File:Pakistan_Army_Emblem.png|30x30px]]
+|[[File:Sahabzada_Yaqub_Khan.jpg|155x155px]]
+|[[Lieutenant general]]
+[[Sahabzada Yaqub Khan]], [[Pakistan Army|PA]]{{Efn|[[Lieutenant general|Lt. general]] [[Sahabzada Yaqub Khan]] was made the "head of civil administration in the province" and exercised the functions and powers of Governor from 1 March 1971 until the arrival of [[Lieutenant general|Lt. general]] [[Tikka Khan]] on 7 March 1971.|group=upper-roman}}
+<small>(1920-2016)</small>
+<small>(Head of Civil Administration )</small>
+|{{Date table  sorting|1971|3|1||format=dmy}}<ref name=":192" />
+|{{Date table  sorting|1971|3|7||format=dmy}}<ref name=":192" />
+|{{ayd|1 March 1971|7 March 1971}}
+|[[Pakistan Army|Military]]
 |-
-|25 March 1969 – 23 August 1969||[[Major-General]] [[Muzaffaruddin]],<ref>(acting martial law administrator and governor as he was the GOC 14th Infantry Division)</ref> [[Pakistan Army|PA]] || Military Administration
+! style="background-color: {{party color|military}};" |12
+[[File:Pakistan_Army_Emblem.png|30x30px]]
+|[[File:Tikka_Khan.png|143x143px]]
+|[[Lieutenant general]]
+[[Tikka Khan]], [[Pakistan Army|PA]]
+<small>(1915-2002)</small>
+|<small>Appointment:</small><ref name=":212">{{Cite web |date=2013-04-09 |title=tikkakhan - THE BANGABHABAN : The President House of Bangladesh |url=http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/tikkakhan.html |access-date=2025-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130409094534/http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/tikkakhan.html |archive-date=9 April 2013 }}</ref>
+{{Date table  sorting|1971|3|6||format=dmy}}
+----<small>Sworn in:<ref name=":212" /></small>
+{{Date table  sorting|1971|3|7||format=dmy}}
+----<small>Officially announced:<ref name=":212" /></small>
+{{Date table  sorting|1971|3|9||format=dmy}}
+|{{Date table  sorting|1971|9|3||format=dmy}}<ref name=":212" />
+|{{ayd|7 March 1971|3 September 1971}}
+|[[Pakistan Army|Military]]
 |-
-|23 August 1969 – 1 September 1969||[[Lieutenant-General]] [[Sahabzada Yaqub Khan]], [[Pakistan Army|PA]] || Military Administration
+! style="background-color: {{party color|Pakistan Muslim League}}; color:white" |13
+|[[File:Abdul Motaleb Malik 1958.jpg|207x207px]]
+|[[Abdul Motaleb Malik]]
+<small>(1905-1977)</small>
+|<small>Appointment:</small><ref name=":222">{{Cite web |date=2013-04-09 |title=malik - THE BANGABHABAN : The President House of Bangladesh |url=http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/malik.html |access-date=2025-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130409094145/http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/malik.html |archive-date=9 April 2013 }}</ref>
+{{Date table  sorting|1971|8|31||format=dmy}}
+----<small>Sworn in:<ref name=":222" /></small>
+{{Date table  sorting|1971|9|3||format=dmy}}
+|{{Date table  sorting|1971|12|14||format=dmy}}{{Efn|[[Abdul Motaleb Malik]] along with his cabinet resigned on 14 December after realizing that [[Pakistani Instrument of Surrender|Pakistani defeat]] was imminent  and sought refuse in [[InterContinental Dhaka|Hotel Intercontinental]], seeking the protection of the [[Red Cross]] flag.|group=upper-roman}}<ref name=":222" />
+|{{ayd|3 September  1971|14 December 1971}}
+|[[Pakistan Muslim League|Muslim League]]
+|- style="background-color: pink;"
+! style="background-color: {{party color|military}};" |14
+[[File:Pakistan_Army_Emblem.png|30x30px]]
+|[[File:Amir_Abdullah_Khan_Niazi.png|148x148px]]
+|[[Lieutenant general]]
+[[A. A. K. Niazi]], [[Pakistan Army|PA]]{{Efn|[[Lieutenant general|Lt. general]] [[A. A. K. Niazi]] was the commander of the [[Eastern Command of the Pakistan Army]] and as the supreme authority of Pakistan in its [[East Pakistan|eastern wing]] functioned and exercised power as the Governor of [[East Pakistan]] after the resignation of [[Abdul Motaleb Malik]] during the last 48 hours of [[Bangladesh Liberation War]]|group=upper-roman}}
+<small>(1915-2004)</small>
+<small>(Supreme Authority of [[East Pakistan]])</small>
+|{{Date table  sorting|1971|12|14||format=dmy}}<ref name=":232">{{Cite web |date=2013-04-09 |title=niazi - THE BANGABHABAN : The President House of Bangladesh |url=http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/niazi.html |access-date=2025-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130409094159/http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/niazi.html |archive-date=9 April 2013 }}</ref>
+|{{Date table  sorting|1971|12|16||format=dmy}}<ref name=":232" />
+|{{ayd|14 December  1971|16 December 1971}}
+|[[Pakistan Army|Military]]
+|}
+{{notelist-ur}}
+====Chief ministers of East Pakistan (1955–1971)====
+'''Political Party'''{{Legend|{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League}}|[[Pakistan Muslim League|Muslim League]]}}
+{{Legend|{{party color|Krishak Sramik Party}}|[[Krishak Sramik Party]]}}
+{{Legend|{{party color|United Front (East Pakistan)}}|[[United Front (East Pakistan)|United Front]]}}
+{{Legend|{{party color|Bangladesh Awami League}}|[[Awami League]]}}
+{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
+! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" |#
+! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" style="width:120px;"|Portrait
+! rowspan="2" |Name
+! colspan="3" |Term of office
+! rowspan="2" |Political Party
+! rowspan="2" |Governor
+! rowspan="2" |Governor-General/ President
 |-
-|1 September 1969 – 7 March 1971||[[Vice-Admiral]] [[Syed Mohammad Ahsan]], [[Pakistan Navy|PN]] || Military Administration
+!Term start
+!Term end
+!Time in office
 |-
-|7 March 1971 – 6 April 1971||[[Lieutenant-General]] [[Sahabzada Yaqub Khan]], [[Pakistan Army|PA]] || Military Administration
+! style="background-color: {{party color|Pakistan Muslim League}}; color:white"| 1
+|[[File:Khawaja Nazimuddin.jpg|120px]]
+| [[Khawaja Nazimuddin|Sir Khawaja Nazimuddin]]
+<small>(1894 – 1964)</small>
+| {{Date  table sorting|1947|8|15|}}
+|{{Date  table sorting|1948|9|4|}}
+|{{ayd|1947|8|15|1948|9|4}}
+| [[Pakistan Muslim League|Muslim League]]
+| [[Frederick Chalmers Bourne|Sir Frederick Chalmers Bourne]]
+| [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]]
 |-
-|6 April 1971 – 31 August 1971||[[Lieutenant-General]] [[Tikka Khan]], [[Pakistan Army|PA]] || Military Administration
+! style="background-color: {{party color|Pakistan Muslim League}}; color:white"| 2
+|[[File:Nurul amin.jpg|120px]]
+| [[Nurul Amin]]
+<small>(1893 – 1974)</small>
+|{{Date table  sorting|1948|9|14|}}
+|{{Date table  sorting|1954|4|3|}}
+|{{ayd|1948|9|14|1954|4|3}}
+| [[Pakistan Muslim League|Muslim League]]
+| [[Feroz Khan Noon|Sir Feroz Khan Noon]]
+| style="padding:0;" |<div style="padding:10;">[[Khawaja Nazimuddin|Sir Khawaja Nazimuddin]]</div>
+----<div style="padding:10;">[[Malik Ghulam Muhammad]]</div>
 |-
-|31 August 1971 – 14 December 1971||[[Abdul Motaleb Malik]] || [[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
+! style="background-color: {{party color|United Front (East Pakistan)}}; color:white" |3
+|[[File:A_k_fazlul_hoque.jpg|160x160px]]
+|''[[Sher-e-Bangla]]''<br>[[A. K. Fazlul Huq]]
+<small>(1873 - 1962)</small>
+|{{Date table  sorting|1954|4|3|}}
+|{{Date table  sorting|1954|5|29|}}
+|{{ayd|1954|4|3|1954|5|29}}
+| [[United Front (East Pakistan)|United Front]]
+| [[Chaudhry Khaliquzzaman]]
+|rowspan="2" |[[Malik Ghulam Muhammad]]
 |-
-|14 December 1971 – 16 December 1971||[[Lieutenant-General]] [[Amir Abdullah Khan Niazi]], [[Pakistan Army|PA]] || Military Administration
+! style="background-color:gray; color:white;" |'''[-]'''
-|}
+|[[File:Logo of the Governor of East Pakistan.svg|160x160px]]
+|''Vacant''<br/>('''[[Governor of East Pakistan|Governor's rule]]''')
-====Chief Minister of East Pakistan (1955–1971)====
+|{{Date table  sorting|1954|5|29|}}
-{|class="wikitable"
+|{{Date table  sorting|1955|6|20|}}
+|{{ayd|1954|5|29|1955|6|20}}
+| [[N/A]]
+| -
 |-
-!Tenure||Chief Minister of East Pakistan||Political Party
+! style="background-color: {{party color|Krishak Sramik Party}}; color:white" |4
+|[[File:Abu Hosain Sarkar.jpg|120px]]
+| [[Abu Hussain Sarkar]]
+<small>(1894 - 1969)</small>
+| {{Date table  sorting|1955|6|20|}}
+|{{Date table  sorting|1956|8|30|}}
+|{{ayd|1955|6|20|1956|8|30}}
+| [[Krishak Sramik Party]]
+|style="padding:0;" |<div style="padding:10;">[[Iskander Mirza]]</div>
+----<div style="padding:10;">[[Thomas Hobart Ellis|Sir Thomas Hobart Ellis]] (Acting)</div>
+----<div style="padding:10;">[[Muhammad Shahabuddin]] (Acting)</div>
+|style="padding:0;" |<div style="padding:10;">[[Malik Ghulam Muhammad]]</div>
+----<div style="padding:10;">[[Iskander Mirza]]</div>
 |-
-|August 1955 – September 1956||Abu Hussain Sarkar||Krishan Sramik Party
+! style="background-color: {{party color|Bangladesh Awami League}}; color:white" |5
+|[[File:Ataur_Rahman_Khan.jpg|120px]]
+| [[Ataur Rahman Khan]]
+<small>(1907 - 1991)</small>
+| {{Date table  sorting|1956|9|1|}}
+|{{Date table  sorting|1958|3|31|}}
+|{{ayd|1956|9|1|1958|3|31}}
+| [[Awami League]]
+|style="padding:0;" |<div style="padding:10;">[[Amiruddin Ahmad]] (Acting)</div>
+----<div style="padding:10;">''[[Sher-e-Bangla]]''<br>[[A. K. Fazlul Huq]]</div>
+|rowspan="2" |[[Iskander Mirza]]
 |-
-|September 1956 – March 1958||[[Ataur Rahman Khan]]||[[Awami League]]
+! style="background-color: {{party color|Krishak Sramik Party}}; color:white" |(4)
+|[[File:Abu Hosain Sarkar.jpg|120px]]
+| [[Abu Hussain Sarkar]]
+<small>(1894 - 1969)</small>
+| {{Date table  sorting|1958|3|31|}}
+|{{Date table  sorting|1958|4|1|}}
+|{{ayd|1958|3|31|1958|4|1}}
+| [[Krishak Sramik Party]]
+|style="padding:0;" |<div style="padding:10;">''[[Sher-e-Bangla]]''<br>[[A. K. Fazlul Huq]]</div>
+----<div style="padding:10;">[[Muhammad Hamid Ali]] (Acting)</div>
 |-
-|March 1958||Abu Hussain Sarkar||Krishan Sramik Party
+! style="background-color: {{party color|Bangladesh Awami League}}; color:white" |(5)
+|[[File:Ataur_Rahman_Khan.jpg|120px]]
+| [[Ataur Rahman Khan]]
+<small>(1907 - 1991)</small>
+| {{Date table  sorting|1958|4|1|}}
+|{{Date table  sorting|1958|6|18|}}
+|{{ayd|1958|4|1|1958|6|18}}
+| [[Awami League]]
+|style="padding:0;" |<div style="padding:10;">[[Muhammad Hamid Ali]] (Acting)</div>
+----<div style="padding:10;">[[Sultanuddin Ahmad]]</div>
+|style="padding:0;" |<div style="padding:10;">[[Iskander Mirza]]</div>
+----<div style="padding:10;">[[Ayub Khan]]</div>
 |-
-|March 1958 – 18 June 1958||[[Ataur Rahman Khan]]||Awami League
+! style="background-color: {{party color|Krishak Sramik Party}}; color:white" |(4)
+|[[File:Abu Hosain Sarkar.jpg|120px]]
+| [[Abu Hussain Sarkar]]
+<small>(1894 - 1969)</small>
+| {{Date table  sorting|1958|6|18|}}
+|{{Date table  sorting|1958|6|22|}}
+|{{ayd|1958|6|18|1958|6|22}}
+| [[Krishak Sramik Party]]
+|[[Sultanuddin Ahmad]]
+|rowspan="3" |[[Ayub Khan]]
 |-
-|18 June 1958 – 22 June 1958||Abu Hussain Sarkar||Krishan Sramik Party
+! style="background-color:gray; color:white;" |'''[-]'''
+|[[File:Logo of the Governor of East Pakistan.svg|160x160px]]
+|''Vacant''<br/>('''[[Governor of East Pakistan|Governor's rule]]''')
+|{{Date table  sorting|1958|6|22|}}
+|{{Date table  sorting|1958|8|25|}}
+|{{ayd|1958|6|22|1958|8|25}}
+| [[N/A]]
+| -
 |-
-|22 June 1958 – 25 August 1958||Governor's Rule||
+! style="background-color: {{party color|Bangladesh Awami League}}; color:white" |(5)
+|[[File:Ataur_Rahman_Khan.jpg|120px]]
+| [[Ataur Rahman Khan]]
+<small>(1907 - 1991)</small>
+| {{Date table  sorting|1958|8|25|}}
+|{{Date table  sorting|1958|10|7|}}
+|{{ayd|1958|8|25|1958|10|7}}
+| [[Awami League]]
+|[[Sultanuddin Ahmad]]
 |-
-|25 August 1958 – 7 October 1958||[[Ataur Rahman Khan]]||Awami League
 |}
-On 7 October 1958, the post of Chief Minister of [[East Pakistan]] was abolished. And after the independence of [[Bangladesh]] on 16 December 1971, the Province of [[East Pakistan]] was dissolved.
+On 7 October 1958, the post of Chief Minister of [[East Pakistan]] was abolished. And after the independence of [[Bangladesh]] on 16 December 1971, the province of East Pakistan was dissolved.
-===Indian (West) Bengal (1947–present)===
+===West Bengal (1947–present)===
 ====Governors of West Bengal====
 {| class="wikitable"
-! Sl. No.
+! {{Abbr|No.|Number}}
+! Portrait
 ! Name
 ! Took office
 ! Left office
+! Duration
 |-
 | 1
-| [[Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari]]
+| [[File:Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari.jpg|90px]]
+! [[Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari]]
 | 15 August 1947
 | 21 June 1948
+|{{age in years and days|1947|08|15|1948|06|21}}
 |-
 | 2
-| [[Kailash Nath Katju]]
+| [[File:Kailash Nath Katju.jpg|90px]]
+! [[Kailash Nath Katju]]
 | 21 June 1948
 | 1 November 1951
+|{{age in years and days|1948|06|21|1951|11|01}}
 |-
 | 3
-| [[Harendra Coomar Mookerjee]]
+| [[File:Harendra Coomar Mookerjee.jpg|90px]]
+! [[Harendra Coomar Mookerjee]]
 | 1 November 1951
 | 8 August 1956
+|{{age in years and days|1951|11|01|1956|08|08}}
 |-
-| 4
+| –
-| [[Phani Bhusan Chakravartti]]
+| {{dash}}
+! [[Phani Bhusan Chakravartti]] ''(acting)''
 | 8 August 1956
 | 3 November 1956
+|{{age in years and days|1956|08|08|1956|11|03}}
 |-
-| 5
+| 4
-| [[Padmaja Naidu]]
+| {{dash}}
+! [[Padmaja Naidu]]
 | 3 November 1956
 | 1 June 1967
+|{{age in years and days|1956|11|03|1967|06|01}}
 |-
-| 6
+| 5
-| [[Dharma Vira]]
+| [[File:Dharma Vir, ICS.jpg|90px]]
+! [[Dharma Vira]]
 | 1 June 1967
 | 1 April 1969
+|{{age in years and days|1967|06|01|1969|04|01}}
 |-
-| 7
+| –
-| [[Deep Narayan Sinha]] ''(acting)''
+| {{dash}}
+! [[Deep Narayan Sinha]] ''(acting)''
 | 1 April 1969
 | 19 September 1969
+|{{age in years and days|1969|04|01|1969|09|19}}
 |-
-| 8
+| 6
-| [[Shanti Swaroop Dhavan]]
+| {{dash}}
+! [[Shanti Swaroop Dhavan]]
 | 19 September 1969
 | 21 August 1971
+|{{age in years and days|1969|09|19|1971|08|21}}
 |-
-| 9
+| 7
-| [[Anthony Lancelot Dias]]
+|
+! [[Anthony Lancelot Dias]]
 | 21 August 1971
 | 6 November 1979
+|{{age in years and days|1971|08|21|1979|11|06}}
 |-
-| 10
+| 8
-| [[Tribhuvana Narayana Singh]]
+| {{dash}}
+! [[Tribhuvana Narayana Singh]]
 | 6 November 1979
 | 12 September 1981
+|{{age in years and days|1979|11|06|1981|09|12}}
 |-
-| 11
+| 9
-| [[Bhairab Dutt Pande]]
+| {{dash}}
+! [[Bhairab Dutt Pande]]
 | 12 September 1981
 | 10 October 1983
+|{{age in years and days|1981|09|12|1983|10|10}}
 |-
-| 12
+| 10
-| [[Anant Prasad Sharma]]
+| [[File:Anant Sharma Lok Sabha photo.jpg|90px]]
+! [[Anant Prasad Sharma]]
 | 10 October 1983
 | 16 August 1984
+|{{age in years and days|1983|10|01|1984|08|16}}
 |-
-| 13
+| —
-| [[Satish Chandra]] ''(acting)''
+| {{dash}}
+! [[Satish Chandra (politician)|Satish Chandra]] ''(acting)''
 | 16 August 1984
 | 1 October 1984
+|{{age in years and days|1984|08|16|1984|10|01}}
 |-
-| 14
+| 11
-| [[Uma Shankar Dikshit]]
+| [[File:Uma Shankar Dikshit Rajya Sabha photo.jpg|90px]]
+! [[Uma Shankar Dikshit]]
 | 1 October 1984
 | 12 August 1986
+|{{age in years and days|1984|10|01|1986|08|12}}
 |-
-| 15
+| 12
-| [[Saiyid Nurul Hasan]]
+| [[File:Saiyid Nurul Hasan 16 (cropped).jpg|90px]]
+! [[Saiyid Nurul Hasan]]
 | 12 August 1986
 | 20 March 1989
+|{{age in years and days|1986|08|12|1989|03|20}}
 |-
-| 16
+| 13
-| [[T. V. Rajeswar]]
+| [[File:T. V. Rajeswar (cropped).jpg|90px]]
+! [[T. V. Rajeswar]]
 | 20 March 1989
 | 7 February 1990
+|{{age in years and days|1989|03|20|1990|02|07}}
 |-
-|(15)
+| (12)
-| [[Saiyid Nurul Hasan]]
+| [[File:Saiyid Nurul Hasan 16 (cropped).jpg|90px]]
+! [[Saiyid Nurul Hasan]]
 | 7 February 1990
 | 12 July 1993
+|{{age in years and days|1990|02|07|1993|07|12}}
 |-
-| 17
+| –
-| [[B. Satyanarayan Reddy]] ''(additional charge)''
+| {{dash}}
+! [[B. Satyanarayan Reddy]] ''(additional charge)''
 | 13 July 1993
 | 14 August 1993
+|{{age in years and days|1993|07|13|1993|08|14}}
 |-
-| 18
+| 14
-| [[K. V. Raghunatha Reddy]]
+| [[File:K. V. Raghunatha Reddy (cropped).jpg|100px]]
+! [[K. V. Raghunatha Reddy]]
 | 14 August 1993
 | 27 April 1998
+|{{age in years and days|1993|08|14|1998|04|27}}
 |-
-| 19
+| 15
-| [[Akhlaqur Rahman Kidwai]]
+| [[File:Akhlaqur Rahman Kidwai (cropped).jpg|90px]]
+! [[Akhlaqur Rahman Kidwai]]
 | 27 April 1998
 | 18 May 1999
+|{{age in years and days|1998|04|27|1999|05|18}}
 |-
-| 20
+| 16
-| [[Shyamal Kumar Sen]]
+| [[File:Shyamal Kumar Sen - Kolkata 2012-10-03 0512.JPG|90px]]
+! [[Shyamal Kumar Sen]]
 | 18 May 1999
 | 4 December 1999
+|{{age in years and days|1999|05|18|1999|12|04}}
 |-
-| 21
+| 17
-| [[Viren J. Shah]]
+| [[File:Viren J Shah - Kolkata 2004-05-02 1366.jpg|90px]]
+! [[Viren J. Shah]]
 | 4 December 1999
 | 14 December 2004
+|{{age in years and days|1999|12|04|2004|12|14}}
 |-
-| 22
+| 18
-| [[Gopalkrishna Gandhi]]
+| [[File:Gopalkrishna Gandhi - Chatham House 2010 (cropped).jpg|90px]]
+! [[Gopalkrishna Gandhi]]
 | 14 December 2004
 | 14 December 2009
+|{{age in years and days|2004|12|14|2009|12|14}}
 |-
-| 23
+| –
-| [[Devanand Konwar]] ''(additional charge)''
+| [[File:Pranab Mukherjee attending the Launching Ceremony of Agriculture Road Map of Bihar (2012-2017), at Patna, in Bihar. The Governor of Bihar, Shri Devanand Konwar and the Chief Minister of Bihar, Shri Nitish Kumar are also seen (cropped).jpg|90px]]
+! [[Devanand Konwar]] ''(additional charge)''
 | 14 December 2009
 | 23 January 2010
+|{{age in years and days|2009|12|14|2010|01|23}}
 |-
-| 24
+| 19
-| [[M.K. Narayanan]]
+| [[File:Mayankote Kelath Narayanan - Kolkata 2013-01-07 2702 Cropped.JPG|90px]]
+! [[M.K. Narayanan]]
 | 24 January 2010
 | 30 June 2014
+|{{age in years and days|2010|01|24|2014|06|30}}
 |-
-| 25
+| —
-| [[D. Y. Patil]] ''(additional charge)''<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/dr-d-y-patil-appointed-west-bengals-acting-governor/articleshow/37718348.cms |title=Dr D y Patil appointed West Bengal's acting Governor |newspaper=The Economic Times |date=3 July 2014}}</ref>
+| [[File:Shri D.Y. Patil (cropped, 3x4).jpg|90px]]
-| 3 July 2014
+! [[D. Y. Patil]] ''(additional charge)''<ref>{{cite news |title=Dr D Y Patil appointed West Bengal's acting Governor |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/dr-d-y-patil-appointed-west-bengals-acting-governor/articleshow/37718348.cms |access-date=24 December 2019 |work=The Economic Times |date=3 July 2014 |archive-date=2 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302173641/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/dr-d-y-patil-appointed-west-bengals-acting-governor/articleshow/37718348.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>
+| 3 July 2014
 | 17 July 2014
+|{{age in years and days|2014|07|03|2014|07|17}}
 |-
-| 26
+| 20
-| [[Keshari Nath Tripathi]]
+| [[File:Keshari Nath Tripathi - Kolkata 2016-07-01 5591.JPG|90px]]
-| 24 July 2014
+! [[Keshari Nath Tripathi]]
+| 24 July 2014
 | 29 July 2019
+|{{age in years and days|2014|07|24|2019|07|29}}
 |-
-| 27
+| 21
-| [[Jagdeep Dhankhar]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.livelaw.in/news-updates/senior-advocate-jagdeep-dhankhar-made-west-bengal-governor-146538 |title=Senior Advocate Jagdeep Dhankhar Made West Bengal Governor |date=20 July 2019}}</ref>
+| [[File:Governor of West Bengal Jagdeep Dhankhar with Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi (cropped).jpg|90px]]
+! [[Jagdeep Dhankhar]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Senior Advocate Jagdeep Dhankhar Made West Bengal Governor |url=https://www.livelaw.in/news-updates/senior-advocate-jagdeep-dhankhar-made-west-bengal-governor-146538 |access-date=24 December 2019 |work=www.livelaw.in |date=20 July 2019 |language=en |archive-date=20 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190720091229/https://www.livelaw.in/news-updates/senior-advocate-jagdeep-dhankhar-made-west-bengal-governor-146538 |url-status=live}}</ref>
 | 30 July 2019
-| ''Incumbent''
+| 17 July 2022
+|{{age in years and days|2019|07|30|2022|07|17}}
 |-
-|}
+| —
+| [[File:La Ganesan Ji (cropped).jpg|90px]]
+! [[La. Ganesan]] ''(additional charge)''
+| 18 July 2022
+| 17 November 2022
+|{{age in years and days|2022|07|18|2022|11|17}}
+|-
+| 22
+| [[File:C. V. Ananda Bose.jpg|90px]]
+! [[C. V. Ananda Bose]]
+| 18 November 2022
+|''Incumbent''
+|{{age in years and days|2022|11|18}}
+|}
+====Premiers of West Bengal====
+{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
+|-
+! scope="col" style="width: 30px;" |{{Abbr|No.|Number}}
+! colspan="1" scope="col" | Portrait
+! scope="col" style="width: 150px;" | Name
+! colspan="2" scope="col" | Tenure<ref name="Tenure">[https://web.archive.org/web/20160312211800/http://wbassembly.gov.in/html/permiChMin.html Premiers/Chief Ministers of West Bengal]. [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]. Archive link from 12 March 2016.</ref>
+! scope="col" | Duration
+! scope="col" | Assembly<br />{{small|(election)}}
+! colspan="2" |Party<ref name="assembly" />
+!Appointed
+by
-==== Chief Ministers of West Bengal ====
+<small>(Governor)</small>
-{| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2"
+|- style="height: 60px;"
-|- style="text-align:center;"
+ | 1
-! style="background:#d3d3d3;"| Key:
+ | [[File:Prafullachandra Ghosh at Writers' Building in 1947.jpg|alt=photo of Prafulla Chandra Ghosh|94x94px]]
-| style="background:#a5ebef;"| ''INC'' <br /> [[Indian National Congress]]
+ | scope="row" | [[Prafulla Chandra Ghosh]]
-| style="background:#00bfff;"| ''BC (UF)'' <br /> [[Bangla Congress]] ([[United Front]])
+ | 15 August 1947
-| style="background:#db8ea0;"| ''CPI(M)''  <br /> [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
+ | 22 January 1948
-| style="background:#a0d6a0;"| ''AITC''  <br /> [[All India Trinamool Congress]]
+ | {{age in days|1947|8|15|1948|1|22}} days
+ | rowspan="2" | Provincial Assembly
+(1946–52){{efn|This refers to the 90-member [[rump legislature]] that emerged following partition, representing the West Bengali constituencies of the erstwhile [[Bengal Legislative Assembly (1937—1947)|Bengal Legislative Assembly]]. It was constituted under the [[Government of India Act 1935]], not the Indian Constitution, which was still in the process of being drafted.<ref name=assembly>[http://wbassembly.gov.in/OtherPDF/WBLA_Origin_Growth.pdf The Legislature in West Bengal—Its Origin and Growth] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241211204953/http://wbassembly.gov.in/OtherPDF/WBLA_Origin_Growth.pdf |date=11 December 2024 }}. West Bengal Legislative Assembly. Retrieved on 14 August 2024.</ref>}}<br />{{small|([[1946 Indian provincial elections|January 1946 election]])}}
+| rowspan="2" |[[Indian National Congress]]
+| rowspan="3" width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
+| rowspan="2" |[[Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari]]
+|- style="height: 60px;"
+ | 2
+  | [[File:Photograph of Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy, 2nd Chief Minister of West Bengal.jpg|95x95px]]
+| scope="row" |[[Bidhan Chandra Roy]]
+ | 23 January 1948
+ | 26 January 1950
+ | {{ayd|1948|1|23|1950|1|26}}
 |}
-{| border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=2
-|- style="background:#e5e4e2;"
+====Chief Ministers of West Bengal====
-|| '''#'''
+{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
-|| '''Name'''
+|-
-|| '''Took Office'''
+! scope="col" style="width: 30px;" |{{Abbr|No|Number}}{{efn|A number in parentheses indicates that the incumbent has previously held office.}}
-|| '''Left Office'''
+! colspan="1" scope="col" | Portrait
-|| '''Political Party'''
+! scope="col" style="width: 150px;" | Name
-|- style="background:#a5ebef;"
+![[List of constituencies of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly|Constituency]]
-|| 1
+! colspan="2" scope="col" | Tenure{{efn|While the tenures have been primarily sourced to a list on the West Bengal Legislative Assembly website,<ref name=Tenure/> obvious errors (mainly around the 1969–71 period) have been corrected with the help of a historical essay from the same website.<ref name=assembly/>}}
-|| [[Prafulla Chandra Ghosh]]
+! scope="col" | Duration
-|| 15 August 1947
+! scope="col" | [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly|Assembly]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160313055600/http://wbassembly.gov.in/html/briinfopreass.htm Brief Information on Previous Assemblies]. West Bengal Legislative Assembly. Archive link from 12 March 2016.</ref><br />{{small|([[Elections in West Bengal|election]])}}
-|| 14 January 1948
+! colspan="2" scope="col" | Party<ref name="assembly" /><br />{{small|(alliance)}}
-|| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
+|-
-|- style="background:#a5ebef;"
+ | rowspan="4" | (2)
-|| 2
+ | rowspan="4" scope="row" | [[File:Photograph of Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy, 2nd Chief Minister of West Bengal.jpg|95x95px]]
-|| [[Bidhan Chandra Roy]]
+ | rowspan="4" scope="row" | [[Bidhan Chandra Roy]]<br />{{efn|Until March 1952, Roy did not represent any constituency. For his last three months in office, during the Third Assembly, Roy represented [[Chowrangee (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Chowringhee]] constituency.}}
-|| 14 January 1948
+|
-|| 1 July 1962
+| 26 January 1950
-|| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
+ | 30 March 1952
-|- style="background:#aaa;"
+ | rowspan="4" | {{ayd|1950|1|26|1962|7|1}}<br /><small>(total: 14 years, 159 days)</small>
-| style="background:#aaa;"|
+ | Provincial Assembly{{efn|Following the promulgation of the Constitution of India, the provincial assembly carried on as the legislative assembly of West Bengal until fresh elections could be organised in 1952.<ref name=assembly/>}}<br /><small>([[1946 Indian provincial elections|1946 election]])</small>
-|| [[President's rule]]
+ | rowspan="5" | [[Indian National Congress]]
-|| 1 July 1962
+ | rowspan="5" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
-|| 8 July 1962
+|-
-| style="background:#aaa;"|
+| rowspan="2" |[[Bowbazar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bowbazar]]
-|- style="background:#a5ebef;"
+| 31 March 1952
-|| 3
+ | 5 April 1957
-|| [[Prafulla Chandra Sen]]
+ | 1st
-|| 8 July 1962
+<small>([[1952 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1952 election]])</small>
-|| 15 March 1967
+|-
-|| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
+ | 6 April 1957
+ | 2 April 1962
+ | 2nd
+<small>([[1957 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1957 election]])</small>
+|-
+|[[Chowrangee (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Chowrangee]]
+| style="height: 30px;" | 3 April 1962
+ | 1 July 1962
+ | rowspan="2" | 3rd <br /><small>([[1962 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1962 election]])</small>
+|- style="height: 40px;"
+ | 2
+ | [[File:PrafullaChandraSen.png|center|106x106px]]
+| scope="row" | [[Prafulla Chandra Sen]]{{efn|According to some sources, Sen also acted as interim chief minister during 2–8 July 1962.<ref>[http://hooghlyprd.org/uploaded_document/5411-list_of_chief_ministers_of_west_bengal.pdf List of Chief Ministers of West Bengal]. Panchayat & Rural Development Department, Hooghly. Retrieved on 27 July 2018. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180727150022/http://hooghlyprd.org/uploaded_document/5411-list_of_chief_ministers_of_west_bengal.pdf Archived] on 27 July 2018.</ref>}}
+|[[Arambag (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Arambagh East]]
+| 9 July 1962
+ | 28 February 1967
+ | {{ayd|1962|7|9|1967|2|28}}
+|- style="height: 60px;"
+ | 3
+ | [[File:Ajoy Mukherjee.jpg|113x113px]]
+ | scope="row" | [[Ajoy Kumar Mukherjee]]
+|[[Tamluk (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Tamluk]]
+| 1 March 1967
+ | {{Nowrap|21 November 1967}}
+ | {{age in days|1967|3|1|1967|11|21}} days
+ | rowspan="2" | 4th
+<small>([[1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1967 election]])</small>
+| [[Bangla Congress]]<br />{{small|([[United Front (1967)|United Front]])}}
+ | style="background-color: blue" |
+|- style="height: 60px;"
+ | (1)
+ | [[File:Prafullachandra Ghosh at Writers' Building in 1947.jpg|alt=photo of Prafulla Chandra Ghosh|94x94px]]
+ | scope="row" | [[Prafulla Chandra Ghosh]]
+|[[Jhargram (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Jhargram]]
+| {{Nowrap|21 November 1967}}
+ | 19 February 1968
+ | {{age in days|1967|11|21|1968|2|19}} days<br /><small>(total: 250 days)</small>
+ | [[Independent (politician)|Independent]]<br />{{small|(Progressive Democratic Front)}}
+ | style="background-color: grey" |
+|- style="height: 60px;"
+ | –
+ | [[File:Emblem of India.svg|120x120px]]
+ | scope="row" | ''Vacant''{{efn|name=PR|Under Article 356 of the [[Constitution of India]], [[President's rule]] may be imposed when the "government in a state is not able to function as per the Constitution", which often happens because no party or coalition has a majority in the assembly. When President's rule is in force in a state, its council of ministers stands dissolved. The office of chief minister thus lies vacant, and the administration is taken over by the governor, who functions on behalf of the central government. At times, the legislative assembly also stands dissolved.<ref>Amberish K. Diwanji. "[http://www.rediff.com/news/2005/mar/15spec1.htm A dummy's guide to President's rule]". [[Rediff.com]]. 15 March 2005. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170816031157/http://www.rediff.com/news/2005/mar/15spec1.htm Archived] on 16 August 2017.</ref>}}<br />([[President's rule]])
+|N/A
+| 20 February 1968
+ | 25 February 1969
+ | {{ayd|1968|2|20|1969|2|25}}
+ | ''Dissolved''
+ | N/A
+ | style="background-color: white" |
+|- style="height: 60px;"
+ | (3)
+ | [[File:Ajoy Mukherjee.jpg|113x113px]]
+| scope="row" | [[Ajoy Kumar Mukherjee]]
+|[[Tamluk (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Tamluk]]
+| 25 February 1969
+ | 16 March 1970
+ | {{ayd|1969|2|25|1970|3|16}}
+ | rowspan="2" | 5th<br /><small>([[1969 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1969 election]])</small>
+| [[Bangla Congress]]<br />{{small|([[Second United Front Cabinet|United Front]])}}
+ | style="background-color: blue" |
+|- style="height: 60px;"
+ | rowspan="2" | –
+ | rowspan="2" scope="row" | [[File:Emblem of India.svg|120x120px]]
+ | rowspan="2" scope="row" | ''Vacant''{{efn|name=PR}}<br />([[President's rule]])
+| rowspan="2" |N/A
+| 19 March 1970
+ | 30 July 1970
+ | rowspan="2" | {{ayd|1970|3|19|1971|4|2}}
+ | rowspan="2" | N/A
+ | rowspan="2" style="background-color: white" |
+|- style="height: 60px;"
+ | 30 July 1970
+ | 2 April 1971
+ | ''Dissolved''
+|- style="height: 60px;"
+ | (3)
+ |[[File:Ajoy Mukherjee.jpg|113x113px]]
+ | scope="row" | [[Ajoy Kumar Mukherjee]]
+|[[Tamluk (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Tamluk]]
+| 2 April 1971
+ | 28 June 1971
+ | {{age in days|1971|4|2|1971|6|28}} days<br />{{small|(total: 2 years, 6 days)}}
+ | 6th
+<small>([[1971 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1971 election]])</small>
+| [[Indian National Congress]]<br />{{small|(Democratic Coalition)}}
+ | style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
+|- style="height: 60px;"
+ | –
+ | [[File:Emblem of India.svg|120x120px]]
+ | scope="row" | ''Vacant''{{efn|name=PR}}<br />([[President's rule]])
+|N/A
+| 29 June 1971
+ | 20 March 1972
+ | {{age in days|1971|6|29|1972|3|20}} days
+ | ''Dissolved''
+ | N/A
+ | style="background-color: white" |
+|- style="height: 60px;"
+ | 4
+ |[[File:SiddharthaShankarRay.png|center|frameless|103x103px]]
+| scope="row" | [[Siddhartha Shankar Ray]]
+|[[Maldah (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Maldah]]
+| 20 March 1972
+ | 30 April 1977
+ | {{ayd|1972|3|20|1977|4|30}}
+ | 7th
+<small>([[1972 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1972 election]])</small>
+| [[Indian National Congress]]<br />{{small|(Progressive Democratic Alliance)}}
+ | style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
+|- style="height: 60px;"
+ | –
+ | [[File:Emblem of India.svg|120x120px]]
+ | scope="row" | ''Vacant''{{efn|name=PR}}<br />([[President's rule]])
+|N/A
+| 30 April 1977
+ | 20 June 1977
+ | {{age in days|1977|4|30|1977|6|20}} days
+ | ''Dissolved''
+ | N/A
+ | style="background-color: white" |
 |-
-| style="background:#00bfff;"| 4
+ | rowspan="5" | 5
-| style="background:#00bfff;"| [[Ajoy Kumar Mukherjee]]
+ | rowspan="5" scope="row" |[[File:Jyoti Basu - Calcutta 1996-12-21 089 Cropped.png|frameless|99x99px]]
-| style="background:#00bfff;"| 15 March 1967
+ | rowspan="5" scope="row" style="height: 60px;" | [[Jyoti Basu]]
-| style="background:#00bfff;"| 2 November 1967
+| rowspan="5" |[[Satgachhia (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Satgachhia]]
-| style="background:#00bfff;"| [[Bangla Congress|BC]] ([[UF]])
+| 21 June 1977
-|- style="background:#efeed7;"
+ | 23 May 1982
-|| (1)
+ | rowspan="5" | {{ayd|1977|6|21|2000|11|5}}
-|| [[Prafulla Chandra Ghosh]]
+ | 8th
-|| 2 November 1967
+<small>([[1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1977 election]])</small>
-|| 20 February 1968
+| rowspan="8" | [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]<br />{{small|([[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front]])}}
-|| Independent ([[Progressive Democratic Alliance]])
+ | rowspan="8" style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}" |
-|- style="background:#aaa;"
+|-
-| style="background:#aaa;"|
+ | 24 May 1982
-|| [[President's rule]]
+ | 29 March 1987
-|| 20 February 1968
+ | 9th
-|| 25 February 1969
+<small>([[1982 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1982 election]])</small>
-| style="background:#aaa;"|
+|-
-|- style="background:#00bfff;"
+ | 30 March 1987
-|| (4)
+ | 18 June 1991
-|| [[Ajoy Kumar Mukherjee]]
+ | 10th
-|| 25 February 1969
+<small>([[1987 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1987 election]])</small>
-|| 19 March 1970
+|-
-|| [[Bangla Congress|BC]] ([[UF]])
+ | 19 June 1991
-|- style="background:#aaa;"
+ | 15 May 1996
-| style="background:#aaa;"|
+ | 11th
-|| [[President's rule]]
+<small>([[1991 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1991 election]])</small>
-|| 19 March 1970
+|-
-|| 2 April 1971
+ | 16 May 1996
-| style="background:#aaa;"|
+ | 5 November 2000
-|- style="background:#a5ebef;"
+ | rowspan="2" style="height: 80px;" | 12th
-|| (4)
+<small>([[1996 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1996 election]])</small>
-|| [[Ajoy Kumar Mukherjee]]
+|-
-|| 2 April 1971
+ | rowspan="3" | 6
-|| 28 June 1971
+| rowspan="3" scope="row" | [[File:Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee in 2009.jpg|107x107px]]
-|| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
+ | rowspan="3" scope="row" style="height: 60px;" | [[Buddhadeb Bhattacharya]]
-|- style="background:#aaa;"
+| rowspan="3" |[[Jadavpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Jadavpur]]
-| style="background:#aaa;"|
+| 6 November 2000
-|| [[President's rule]]
+ | 14 May 2001
-|| 28 June 1971
+ | rowspan="3" | {{ayd|2000|11|6|2011|5|13}}
-|| 19 March 1972
+|-
-| style="background:#aaa;"|
+ | 15 May 2001
-|- style="background:#a5ebef;"
+ | 17 May 2006
-|| 5
+ | 13th
-|| [[Siddhartha Shankar Ray]]
+<small>([[2001 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2001 election]])</small>
-|| 19 March 1972
+|-
-|| 21 June 1977
+ | 18 May 2006
-|| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
+ | 13 May 2011
-|- style="background:#db8ea0;"
+ | 14th <br /><small>([[2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2006 election]])</small>
-|| 6
+|- style="height: 60px;"
-|| [[Jyoti Basu]]
+ | rowspan="3" | 7
-|| 21 June 1977
+ | rowspan="3" scope="row" | [[File:Ms. Mamata Banerjee, in Kolkata on July 17, 2018 (cropped) (cropped).JPG|frameless|115x115px]]
-|| 6 November 2000
+| rowspan="3" scope="row" style="height:60px;" | [[Mamata Banerjee]]
-|| [[CPI(M)]]  ([[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front]])
+| rowspan="3" | [[Bhabanipur, West Bengal Assembly constituency|Bhabanipur]]
-|- style="background:#db8ea0;"
+| 20 May 2011
-|| 7
+ | 25 May 2016
-|| [[Buddhadeb Bhattacharya]]
+ | rowspan="3" | {{ayd|2011|5|20}}
-|| 6 November 2000
+ | 15th
-|| 13 May 2011
+<small>([[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2011 election]])</small>
-|| [[CPI(M)]] ([[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front]])
+| rowspan="3" | [[Trinamool Congress]]{{efn|For the first 16 months Mamata Banerjee headed a coalition government that included ministers from Trinamool and the INC. After Trinamool quit the [[United Progressive Alliance]] on 22 September 2012, INC members resigned from her ministry, which has consisted of only Trinamool members ever since.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/east/story/congress-ministers-resign-mamata-government-west-bengal-116711-2012-09-22 |title=Six Congress ministers resign from Mamata government in Bengal |date=22 September 2012 |access-date=10 August 2024 |archive-date=7 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240807221538/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/east/story/congress-ministers-resign-mamata-government-west-bengal-116711-2012-09-22 |url-status=live}}</ref>}}
-|- style="background:#a0d6a0;"
+|" style="background-color: #00ff48" |
-|| 8
+|-
-|| [[Mamata Banerjee]]
+ | 26 May 2016
-|| 20 May 2011
+ | 4 May 2021
-|| ''Incumbent''
+ | 16th
-|| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]]
+<small>([[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2016 election]])</small>
-|- style="background:#a0d6a0;"
+|" style="background-color: #00ff48"  |
+|-
+ | 5 May 2021
+ | ''Incumbent''
+ | [[17th West Bengal Assembly|17th]]
+<small>([[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021 election]])</small>
+|" style="background-color: #00ff48"  |
 |}
@@ Line 2,487: / Line 3,354: @@
 The [[President of Bangladesh|President]] was the executive [[Head of state]] of Bangladesh during [[Presidential system]] of government from 1975 to 1991. Thereafter, the [[Prime Minister of Bangladesh|Prime Minister]] is the executive [[head of government]] of this [[parliamentary republic]] while the President is the ceremonial Head of state, elected by the [[Jatiyo Sangshad|parliament]].
-===Key===
+=== Presidents of Bangladesh ===
-;''Political parties''
-*{{legend|{{party color|Bangladesh Awami League}}|[[Bangladesh Awami League]] / [[Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League|BAKSAL]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
-*{{legend|{{party color|Bangladesh Nationalist Party}}|[[Bangladesh Nationalist Party]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
-*{{legend|{{party color|Jatiya Party (Ershad)}}|[[Jatiya Party (Ershad)|Jatiya Party]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
-;''Other factions''
+;Political parties
-*{{legend|{{party color|Military Rule}}|[[Bangladesh Armed Forces|Military]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
+{{legend|{{party color|Awami League}}|[[Awami League]] (AL)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
-*{{legend|{{party color|Independent (politician)}}|[[Independent politician|Independent]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
+{{legend|{{party color|Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League}}|[[Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League]] (BaKSAL)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
+{{legend|{{party color|Bangladesh Nationalist Party}}|[[Jatiyatabadi Ganatantrik Dal]] (Jagodal) / [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party]] (BNP)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
+{{legend|{{party color|Jatiya Party (Ershad)}}|[[Jatiya Party (Ershad)#History|Janadal]] / [[Jatiya Party (Ershad)|Jatiya Party]] (JP(E))|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
-;''Status''
+;Other factions
-*{{legend|#E6E6AA|Acting President|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
+{{legend|{{party color|Military rule}}|[[Bangladesh Armed Forces|Military]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
+{{legend|{{party color|Independent politician}}|[[Independent politician|Independent]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
+;Status
+{{legend|#E6E6AA|Denotes acting president|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
+;Symbols
+{{note label|†|†|†}} Died in office
-===Presidents of Bangladesh===
 {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
-!
+! rowspan="2" |{{Abbr|No.|Number}}
-! Name<br />{{small|(Birth–Death)}}
+! rowspan="2" |Portrait
-! Elected
+! rowspan="2" |Name<br />{{small|(Birth–Death)}}
-! colspan=2|Term of office
+! rowspan="2" |Election
-! Party
+! colspan="3" |Term of office
+! rowspan="2" |Political party<br />{{small|(Coalition)}}
 |-
-! style="background:{{party color|Bangladesh Awami League}};" |
+! Took office
-| [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]]<br />{{small|(1920–[[Assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman|1975]])}}{{efn|[[Pakistan]]i prisoner to 8 January 1972.}}
+! Left office
+! Time in office
+|-
+! colspan="8" |[[Provisional Government of Bangladesh]] (1971–1972)
+|-
+! style="background:{{party color|Awami League}}; color:white;" | 1
+| [[File:Sheikh Mujibur Rahman in 1950.jpg|100px]]
+| [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]]<br />{{small|(1920–[[Assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman|1975]])}}<br />{{efn|Pakistani prisoner to 8 January 1972.}}
 | —
 | 17 April 1971
 | 12 January 1972
-| [[Bangladesh Awami League]]
+| {{ayd|1971|4|17|1972|1|12}}
+| [[Awami League|AL]]
 |- style="background:#e6e6aa;"
-! style="background:{{party color|Bangladesh Awami League}};" |
+! style="background:{{party color|Awami League}}; color:white;" | —
-| [[Syed Nazrul Islam]]<br />{{small|(1925–[[3 November 1975 Bangladesh coup d'état|1975]])}}{{efn|Acting for Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.}}
+| [[File:Sayed nazrul islam.jpg|100px]]
+| [[Syed Nazrul Islam]]<br />{{small|(1925–[[3 November 1975 Bangladeshi coup d'état|1975]])}}<br />{{efn|Acting for Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.}}
 | —
 | 17 April 1971
 | 12 January 1972
-| [[Bangladesh Awami League]]
+| {{ayd|1971|4|17|1972|1|12}}
+| [[Awami League|AL]]
+|-
+! colspan="8" |[[Bangladesh|People's Republic of Bangladesh]] (1972–present)
 |-
-! style="background:{{party color|Bangladesh Awami League}};" |
+! style="background:{{party color|Awami League}}; color:white;" | 2
+| [[File:Abu Sayeed Chowdhury at the office of the Vice-Chancellor of Dacca University, November 1970.png|100px]]
 | [[Abu Sayeed Chowdhury]]<br />{{small|(1921–1987)}}
 | —
 | 12 January 1972
 | 24 December 1973
-| [[Bangladesh Awami League]]
+| {{ayd|1972|1|12|1973|12|24}}
+| [[Awami League|AL]]
 |-
-! rowspan=2 style="background:{{party color|Bangladesh Awami League}};" |
+! rowspan="2" style="background:{{party color|Awami League}}; color:white;" | 3
-| rowspan=2| [[Mohammad Mohammadullah]]<br />{{small|(1921–1999)}}
+| rowspan="2" | [[File:No image.png|100px]]<!-- DO NOT ADD A NON-FREE IMAGE FOR THIS PERSON - ONLY FREELY LICENCED IMAGES ARE ALLOWED FOR LISTS. SEE WP:NFLISTS -->
+| rowspan="2" | [[Mohammad Mohammadullah]]<br />{{small|(1921–1999)}}
 | —
-| style="background:#e6e6aa;"| 24 December 1973
+| style="background:#e6e6aa;" | 24 December 1973
-| style="background:#e6e6aa;"| 27 January 1974
+| style="background:#e6e6aa;" | 27 January 1974
-| rowspan=2| [[Bangladesh Awami League]]
+| rowspan="2" | {{ayd|1973|12|24|1975|1|25}}
+| rowspan="2" | [[Awami League|AL]]
 |-
 | [[1974 Bangladeshi presidential election|1974]]
@@ Line 2,540: / Line 3,428: @@
 | 25 January 1975
 |-
-! style="background:{{party color|Bangladesh Awami League}};" |
+! style="background:{{party color|Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League}}; color:white;" | (1)
+| [[File:Sheikh Mujibur Rahman in 1950.jpg|100px]]
 | [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]]<br />{{small|(1920–[[Assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman|1975]])}}
 | —
 | 25 January 1975
-| 15 August 1975<br />{{small|(''[[Assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman|assassinated]] in a [[15 August 1975 Bangladesh coup d'état|coup d'état]].'')}}
+| 15 August 1975<br />{{small|([[Assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman|Assassinated]] in a [[15 August 1975 Bangladeshi coup d'état|coup]])}}
-| [[Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League|BAKSAL]]
+| {{ayd|1975|1|25|1975|8|15}}
+| [[Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League|BaKSAL]]
 |-
-! style="background:{{party color|Bangladesh Awami League}};" |
+! style="background:{{party color|Awami League}}; color:white;" | 4
+| [[File:খন্দকার মোশতাক আহমেদ (cropped).jpg|100px]]
 | [[Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad]]<br />{{small|(1918–1996)}}
 | —
 | 15 August 1975
-| 6 November 1975<br />{{small|(''[[3 November 1975 Bangladesh coup d'état|deposed]].'')}}
+| 6 November 1975<br />{{small|([[3 November 1975 Bangladeshi coup d'état|Deposed in a coup]])}}
-| [[Bangladesh Awami League]]
+| {{ayd|1975|8|15|1975|11|6}}
+| [[Awami League|AL]]
 |-
-! style="background:{{party color|Bangladesh Awami League}};" |
+! style="background:{{party color|Awami League}}; color:white;" | 5
-| [[Abu Sadat Mohammad Sayem]]<br />{{small|(1916–1997)}}{{efn|Also [[Chief Martial Law Administrator]] (24 August 1975 – 4 November 1975 and 7 November 1975 – 29 November 1976).}}
+| [[File:No image.png|100px]]<!-- DO NOT ADD A NON-FREE IMAGE FOR THIS PERSON - ONLY FREELY LICENCED IMAGES ARE ALLOWED FOR LISTS. SEE WP:NFLISTS -->
+| [[Abu Sadat Mohammad Sayem]]<br />{{small|(1916–1997)}}<br />{{efn|Also [[Chief Martial Law Administrator]] (24 August 1975 – 4 November 1975 and 7 November 1975 – 29 November 1976).}}
 | —
 | 6 November 1975
 | 21 April 1977
-| [[Bangladesh Awami League]]
+| {{ayd|1975|11|6|1977|4|21}}
+| [[Awami League|AL]]
 |-
-! style="background:{{party color|Bangladesh Nationalist Party}};" |
+! style="background:{{party color|Bangladesh Nationalist Party}}; color:white;" | 6
-| [[Ziaur Rahman]]<br />{{small|(1936–1981)}}{{efn|Also Chief Martial Law Administrator (29 November 1976 – 6 April 1979).}}
+| [[File:Ziaur Rahman 1979.jpg|100px]]
+| [[Ziaur Rahman]]<br />{{small|(1936–1981)}}<br />{{efn|Also Chief Martial Law Administrator (29 November 1976 – 6 April 1979).}}
 | [[1977 Bangladeshi presidential confidence referendum|1977]]{{efn|name=Referendum|Referendum.}}<br />[[1978 Bangladeshi presidential election|1978]]{{efn|name=Direct election|Direct election.}}
 | 21 April 1977
-| 30 May 1981<br />{{small|(''[[Assassination of Ziaur Rahman|assassinated]].'')}}
+| 30 May 1981<br />{{small|([[Assassination of Ziaur Rahman|Assassinated]])}}
-| [[Bangladesh Armed Forces|Military]] / <br /> [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party]]
+| {{ayd|1977|4|21|1981|5|30}}
+| [[Bangladesh Armed Forces|Military]] / <br /> [[Jatiyatabadi Ganatantrik Dal|Jagodal]] / <br /> [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party|BNP]]
 |-
-! rowspan=2 style="background:{{party color|Bangladesh Nationalist Party}};" |
+! rowspan="2" style="background:{{party color|Bangladesh Nationalist Party}}; color:white;" | 7
-| rowspan=2| [[Abdus Sattar (president)|Abdus Sattar]]<br />{{small|(1906–1985)}}
+| rowspan="2" | [[File:President Sattar 1981 (cropped).jpg|100px]]
+| rowspan="2" | [[Abdus Sattar (president)|Abdus Sattar]]<br />{{small|(1906–1985)}}
 | —
-| style="background:#e6e6aa;"| 30 May 1981
+| style="background:#e6e6aa;" | 30 May 1981
-| style="background:#e6e6aa;"| 20 November 1981
+| style="background:#e6e6aa;" | 20 November 1981
-| rowspan=2| [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party]]
+| rowspan="2" | {{ayd|1981|5|30|1982|3|24}}
+| rowspan="2" | [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party|BNP]]
 |-
 | [[1981 Bangladeshi presidential election|1981]]{{efn|name=Direct election}}
 | 20 November 1981
-| 24 March 1982<br />{{small|(''[[1982 Bangladesh coup d'état|deposed]].'')}}
+| 24 March 1982<br />{{small|([[1982 Bangladeshi coup d'état|Deposed in a coup]])}}
 |-
-!
+| colspan="8" |Post vacant (24 – 27 March 1982){{efn|During this period, [[Chief of Army Staff (Bangladesh)|Chief of Army Staff]] [[Lieutenant general (Bangladesh)|Lt. Gen.]] [[Hussain Muhammad Ershad]] served as Chief Martial Law Administrator and ''de facto'' head of state.}}
-|[[Hussain Muhammad Ershad]]
-{{small|(1930–2019)}}{{efn|Served as Chief Martial Law Administrator until 30 March 1984.}}
-|
-|24 March 1982
-|27 March 1982
-|[[Bangladesh Armed Forces|Military]]
 |-
-! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}};" |
+! style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}}; color:black;" | 8
+|<!-- DO NOT ADD A NON-FREE IMAGE FOR THIS PERSON - ONLY FREELY LICENCED IMAGES ARE ALLOWED FOR LISTS. SEE WP:NFLISTS -->
 | [[A. F. M. Ahsanuddin Chowdhury|Ahsanuddin Chowdhury]]<br />{{small|(1915–2001)}}
 | —
 | 27 March 1982
 | 10 December 1983
+| {{ayd|1982|3|27|1983|12|10}}
 | [[Independent politician|Independent]]
 |-
-! style="background:{{party color|Jatiya Party (Ershad)}};" |
+! style="background:{{party color|Jatiya Party (Ershad)}}; color:black;" | 9
-| [[Hussain Muhammad Ershad]]<br />{{small|(1930–2019)}}{{efn|Served as Chief Martial Law Administrator until 30 March 1984.}}
+| [[File:Hussain Muhammad Ershad.jpg|100px]]
+| [[Hussain Muhammad Ershad]]<br />{{small|(1930–2019)}}<br />{{efn|Served as Chief Martial Law Administrator until 30 March 1984.}}
 | [[1985 Bangladeshi military rule referendum|1985]]{{efn|name=Referendum}}<br />[[1986 Bangladeshi presidential election|1986]]{{efn|name=Direct election}}
 | 11 December 1983
 | 6 December 1990
-| [[Bangladesh Armed Forces|Military]] / <br /> [[Jatiya Party (Ershad)|Jatiya Party]]
+| {{ayd|1983|12|11|1990|12|6}}
+| [[Bangladesh Armed Forces|Military]] / <br /> [[Jatiya Party (Ershad)#History|Janadal]] / <br /> [[Jatiya Party (Ershad)|JP(E)]]
 |- style="background:#e6e6aa;"
-! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}};" |
+! style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}}; color:black;" | —
-| [[Shahabuddin Ahmed]]<br />{{small|(born 1930)}}
+| [[File:Shahabuddin Ahmed.jpg|100px]]
+| [[Shahabuddin Ahmed]]<br />{{small|(1930–2022)}}
 | —
 | 6 December 1990
 | 10 October 1991
+| {{ayd|1990|12|6|1991|10|10}}
 | [[Independent politician|Independent]]
 |-
-! style="background:{{party color|Bangladesh Nationalist Party}};" |
+! style="background:{{party color|Bangladesh Nationalist Party}}; color:white;" | 10
+| [[File:No image.png|100px]]<!-- DO NOT ADD A NON-FREE IMAGE FOR THIS PERSON - ONLY FREELY LICENCED IMAGES ARE ALLOWED FOR LISTS. SEE WP:NFLISTS -->
 | [[Abdur Rahman Biswas]]<br />{{small|(1926–2017)}}
 | [[1991 Bangladeshi presidential election|1991]]
 | 10 October 1991
 | 9 October 1996
-| [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party]]
+| {{ayd|1991|10|10|1996|10|9}}
+| [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party|BNP]]
 |-
-! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}};" |
+! style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}}; color:black;" | 11
-| [[Shahabuddin Ahmed]]<br />{{small|(born 1930)}}
+| [[File:Shahabuddin Ahmed.jpg|100px]]
+| [[Shahabuddin Ahmed]]<br />{{small|(1930–2022)}}
 | [[1996 Bangladeshi presidential election|1996]]
 | 9 October 1996
 | 14 November 2001
+| {{ayd|1996|10|9|2001|11|14}}
 | [[Independent politician|Independent]]
 |-
-! style="background:{{party color|Bangladesh Nationalist Party}};" |
+! style="background:{{party color|Bangladesh Nationalist Party}}; color:white;" | 12
-| [[A. Q. M. Badruddoza Chowdhury|Badruddoza Chowdhury]]<br />{{small|(born 1932)}}
+| [[File:A. Q. M. Badruddoza Chowdhury.jpg|100px]]
+| [[A. Q. M. Badruddoza Chowdhury|Badruddoza Chowdhury]]<br />{{small|(born 1930)}}
 | [[2001 Bangladeshi presidential election|2001]]
 | 14 November 2001
 | 21 June 2002
-| [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party]]
+| {{ayd|2001|11|14|2002|6|21}}
+| [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party|BNP]]
 |- style="background:#e6e6aa;"
-! style="background:{{party color|Bangladesh Nationalist Party}};" |
+! style="background:{{party color|Bangladesh Nationalist Party}}; color:white;" | —
+| [[File:Jamiruddin Sarkar...1 (cropped2).jpg|100px]]
 | [[Muhammad Jamiruddin Sircar]]<br />{{small|(born 1931)}}
 | —
 | 21 June 2002
 | 6 September 2002
-| [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party]]
+| {{ayd|2002|6|21|2002|9|6}}
-|-
+| [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party|BNP]]
-! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}};" |
+|-
+! style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}}; color:black;" | 13
+| [[File:Iajuddin Ahmed at Zia International Airport in Dhaka (cropped).jpg|100px]]
 | [[Iajuddin Ahmed]]<br />{{small|(1931–2012)}}
 | [[2002 Bangladeshi presidential election|2002]]
 | 6 September 2002
 | 12 February 2009
+| {{ayd|2002|9|6|2009|2|12}}
 | [[Independent politician|Independent]]
 |-
-!
+! style="background:{{party color|Awami League}}; color:white;" | 14
-|[[Moeen U Ahmed]]
+| [[File:Zillur Rahman in Dhaka on September 07, 2011.jpg|100px]]
-|
+| [[Zillur Rahman]]<br />{{small|(1929–2013)}}
-|11 January 2007
+| [[2009 Bangladeshi presidential election|2009]]
-|12 January 2007
-|[[Bangladesh Armed Forces|Military]]
-|-
-! style="background:{{party color|Bangladesh Awami League}};" |
-| [[Zillur Rahman]]<br />{{small|(1929–2013)}}
-| [[2009 Bangladeshi presidential election|2009]]
 | 12 February 2009
-| 20 March 2013<br />{{small|(''died in office.'')}}
+| 20 March 2013<sup>[[List of presidents of Bangladesh#endnote ††|[†]]]</sup>
-| [[Bangladesh Awami League]]
+| {{ayd|2009|2|12|2013|3|20}}
+| [[Awami League|AL]]
 |-
-! rowspan=3 style="background:{{party color|Bangladesh Awami League}};" |
+! rowspan="3" style="background:{{party color|Awami League}}; color:white;" | 15
-| rowspan=3| [[Abdul Hamid (politician)|Abdul Hamid]]<br />{{small|(born 1944)}}{{efn|Acting for Zillur Rahman until 20 March 2013.}}
+| rowspan="3" | [[File:Abdul Hamid - 2014 (cropped).jpg|100px]]
+| rowspan="3" | [[Mohammad Abdul Hamid]]<br />{{small|(born 1944)}}{{efn|Acting for Zillur Rahman until 20 March 2013.}}
 | —
-| style="background:#e6e6aa;"| 14 March 2013
+| style="background:#e6e6aa;" | 14 March 2013
-| style="background:#e6e6aa;"| 24 April 2013
+| style="background:#e6e6aa;" | 24 April 2013
-| rowspan=3| [[Bangladesh Awami League]]
+| rowspan="3" | {{ayd|2013|3|14|2023|4|24}}
+| rowspan="3" | [[Awami League|AL]]
 |-
 | [[2013 Bangladeshi presidential election|2013]]
@@ Line 2,670: / Line 3,575: @@
 | [[2018 Bangladeshi presidential election|2018]]
 | 24 April 2018
-| ''Incumbent''
+| 24 April 2023
+|-
+! style="background:{{party color|Awami League}}; color:white;" | 16
+| [[File:Mohammed Shahabuddin.jpg|100px]]
+| [[Mohammed Shahabuddin]]<br />{{small|(born 1949)}}
+| [[2023 Bangladeshi presidential election|2023]]
+| 24 April 2023
+| ''Incumbent''{{efn|Term ends on 24 April 2028.}}
+| {{ayd|2023|4|24}}
+| [[Awami League|AL]]
 |}
-=== Prime Ministers of Bangladesh ===
+=== Vice presidents of Bangladesh (1975–1991) ===
+;Political parties
+{{legend|{{party color|Bangladesh Awami League}}|[[Bangladesh Awami League]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
+{{legend|{{party color|Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League}}|[[Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League]] (BaKSAL)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
+{{legend|{{party color|Bangladesh Nationalist Party}}|[[Bangladesh Nationalist Party]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
+{{legend|{{party color|Jatiya Party (Ershad)}}|[[Jatiya Party (Ershad)|Jatiya Party]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
+;Other factions
+{{legend|{{party color|Independent (politician)}}|[[Independent politician|Independent]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
 {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
-!
+! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Portrait
-! Name<br />{{small|(Birth–Death)}}
+! rowspan="2" |Name<br />{{small|(Birth–Death)}}
-! Portrait
+! colspan="2" |Took office
-! Election
+! rowspan="2" |Party
-! colspan=2|Term of office
+! rowspan="2" |President
-! Tenure
+! rowspan="2" |Notes
-! Party
+|-
+! Took office
+! Left office
 |-
 ! style="background:{{party color|Bangladesh Awami League}};" |
-| [[Tajuddin Ahmad]]<br />{{small|(1925–[[3 November 1975 Bangladesh coup d'état|1975]])}}
+| rowspan="2" |[[File:Sayed nazrul islam.jpg|60px]]<!-- DO NOT ADD A NON-FREE IMAGE FOR THIS PERSON - ONLY FREELY LICENCED IMAGES ARE ALLOWED FOR LISTS. SEE WP:NFLISTS -->
-| [[File:No image.png|60px]]<!-- DO NOT ADD A NON-FREE IMAGE FOR THIS PERSON - ONLY FREELY LICENCED IMAGES ARE ALLOWED FOR LISTS. SEE WP:NFLISTS -->
+| rowspan="2" |[[Syed Nazrul Islam]]<br />{{small|(1925–1975)}}
-| —
+| 17 April 1971
-| 11 April 1971
 | 12 January 1972
-| {{ayd|1971|4|11|1972|1|12}}
 | [[Bangladesh Awami League]]
+| rowspan="2" |[[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]]
+| rowspan="2" |[[Acting president]] during the Bangladesh Liberation War.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7uIjCQAAQBAJ&q=syed+nazrul+islam+vice+president+of+bangladesh&pg=PA187 |title=A Political and Economic Dictionary of South Asia |year=2015 |isbn=978-1-135-35576-0 |access-date=6 November 2015 |last1=Schottli |first1=Jivanta |last2=Mitra |first2=Subrata K. |last3=Wolf |first3=Siegried |publisher=Routledge |archive-date=27 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227212430/https://books.google.com/books?id=7uIjCQAAQBAJ&q=syed+nazrul+islam+vice+president+of+bangladesh&pg=PA187 |url-status=live}}</ref>
+|-
+! style="background:{{party color|Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League}};" |
+| 26 January 1975<ref name="cabinet.gov">{{cite web |script-title=bn:১৯৭১ সাল থেকে ০৭-০১-২০১৯ গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশের রাষ্ট্রপতি, উপ-রাষ্ট্রপতি, প্রধানমন্ত্রী ও মন্ত্রিপরিষদের সদস্যবৃন্দ |url=https://cabinet.gov.bd/site/publications/69175cd9-a655-41ac-b5a9-6155615e5135/-%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AF%E0%A7%AD%E0%A7%A7-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87-%E0%A7%A6%E0%A7%AD-%E0%A7%A6%E0%A7%A7-%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%A6%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AF-%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AA-%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80-%E0%A6%93-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6-%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%82-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC-%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%93-%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B9-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A5%A4- |website=Cabinet Division |access-date=12 August 2024 |archive-date=12 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240812051855/https://cabinet.gov.bd/site/publications/69175cd9-a655-41ac-b5a9-6155615e5135/-%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AF%E0%A7%AD%E0%A7%A7-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87-%E0%A7%A6%E0%A7%AD-%E0%A7%A6%E0%A7%A7-%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%A6%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AF-%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AA-%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80-%E0%A6%93-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6-%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%82-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC-%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%93-%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B9-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A5%A4- |url-status=live}}</ref>
+| 15 August 1975
+| [[BAKSAL]]
 |-
 ! style="background:{{party color|Bangladesh Awami League}};" |
-| [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]]<br />{{small|(1920–[[Assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman|1975]])}}
+|
-| [[File:Sheikh Mujibur Rahman in 1950.jpg|60px]]
+[[File:No image.png|60px]]<!-- DO NOT ADD A NON-FREE IMAGE FOR THIS PERSON - ONLY FREELY LICENCED IMAGES ARE ALLOWED FOR LISTS. SEE WP:NFLISTS -->
-| [[1973 Bangladeshi general election|1973]]
+| [[Mohammad Mohammadullah]]<br />{{small|(1921–1999)}}
-| 12 January 1972
+| 15 August 1975
-| 25 January 1975
+| 3 November 1975
-| {{ayd|1972|1|12|1975|1|25}}
 | [[Bangladesh Awami League]]
+| [[Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad]]
+| Served as Minister of Land under President Sheikh Mujib and was later appointed Vice President upon Mujib's death.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7uIjCQAAQBAJ&q=syed+nazrul+islam+vice+president+of+bangladesh&pg=PA187 |title=A Political and Economic Dictionary of South Asia |year=2015 |isbn=978-1-135-35576-0 |access-date=6 November 2015 |last1=Schottli |first1=Jivanta |last2=Mitra |first2=Subrata K. |last3=Wolf |first3=Siegried |publisher=Routledge}}</ref>
 |-
-! style="background:{{party color|Bangladesh Awami League}};" |
+! style="background:{{party color|Bangladesh Nationalist Party}};" |
-| [[Muhammad Mansur Ali]]<br />{{small|(1919–[[3 November 1975 Bangladesh coup d'état|1975]])}}
+| [[File:President Sattar 1981 (cropped).jpg|60px]]<!-- DO NOT ADD A NON-FREE IMAGE FOR THIS PERSON - ONLY FREELY LICENCED IMAGES ARE ALLOWED FOR LISTS. SEE WP:NFLISTS -->
-| [[File:No image.png|60px]]<!-- DO NOT ADD A NON-FREE IMAGE FOR THIS PERSON - ONLY FREELY LICENCED IMAGES ARE ALLOWED FOR LISTS. SEE WP:NFLISTS -->
+| [[Abdus Sattar (president)|Abdus Sattar]]<br />{{small|(1906–1985)}}
-| —
+| June 1977
-| 25 January 1975
+| 30 May 1981
-| 15 August 1975<br />{{small|(''[[15 August 1975 Bangladesh coup d'état|deposed]].'')}}
+| [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party]]
-| {{ayd|1975|1|25|1975|8|15}}
+| [[Ziaur Rahman]]
-| [[Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League|BAKSAL]]
+| Succeeded Zia as president in 1981.<ref>{{cite news |last=Kolbert |first=Elizabeth |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/10/06/world/abdus-sattar-ex-leader-of-bangladesh-dies.html |title=Abdus Sattar, Ex-Leader of Bangladesh, Dies |location=Bangladesh |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=6 October 1985 |access-date=6 November 2015 |archive-date=3 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403014454/https://www.nytimes.com/1985/10/06/world/abdus-sattar-ex-leader-of-bangladesh-dies.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
 |-
-| colspan="8" |''Post abolished (15 August 1975 – 29 June 1978)''
+! style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}};" |
-|-
+| [[File:Mirza Nurul Huda Brussels 1976.jpg|60px]]
-! style="background:{{party color|Bangladesh Nationalist Party}};" |
+| [[Mirza Nurul Huda]]<br />{{small|(1919–1991)}}
-| [[Mashiur Rahman (politician from Rangpur)|Mashiur Rahman]]<br />{{small|(1924–1979)}}{{efn|Senior Minister.}}
+| 24 November 1981
-| [[File:No image.png|60px]]<!-- DO NOT ADD A NON-FREE IMAGE FOR THIS PERSON - ONLY FREELY LICENCED IMAGES ARE ALLOWED FOR LISTS. SEE WP:NFLISTS -->
+| 23 March 1982
-| —
+| [[Independent politician|Independent]]
-| 29 June 1978
+| rowspan="2" |[[Abdus Sattar (president)|Abdus Sattar]]
-| 12 March 1979<br />{{small|(''died in office.'')}}
+| Resigned after conflict with BNP.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Szfqq7ruqWgC&q=mirza+nurul+huda+vice+president&pg=PA221 |title=Bangladesh: Past and Present |isbn=978-81-7648-469-5 |access-date=6 November 2015 |last1=Ahmed |first1=Salahuddin |year=2004 |publisher=APH |archive-date=27 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227212428/https://books.google.com/books?id=Szfqq7ruqWgC&q=mirza+nurul+huda+vice+president&pg=PA221 |url-status=live}}</ref>
-| {{ayd|1978|6|29|1979|3|12}}
-| [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party]]
 |-
 ! style="background:{{party color|Bangladesh Nationalist Party}};" |
-| [[Shah Azizur Rahman]]<br />{{small|(1925–1988)}}
+| [[File:No image.png|60px]] <!-- DO NOT ADD A NON-FREE IMAGE FOR THIS PERSON - ONLY FREELY LICENCED IMAGES ARE ALLOWED FOR LISTS. SEE WP:NFLISTS -->
-| [[File:No image.png|60px]]<!-- DO NOT ADD A NON-FREE IMAGE FOR THIS PERSON - ONLY FREELY LICENCED IMAGES ARE ALLOWED FOR LISTS. SEE WP:NFLISTS -->
+| [[Mohammad Mohammadullah]]<br />{{small|(1921–1999)}}
-| [[1979 Bangladeshi general election|1979]]
+| 23 March 1982
-| 15 April 1979
+| 24 March 1982
-| 24 March 1982<br />{{small|(''[[1982 Bangladesh coup d'état|deposed]].'')}}
-| {{ayd|1979|4|15|1982|3|24}}
 | [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party]]
-|-
+| In office for 24 hours; deposed in the [[1982 Bangladesh coup d'état|1982 coup d'état]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Mohammadullah,_Mohammad |title=Mohammadullah, Mohammad |website=Banglapedia |access-date=6 November 2015 |archive-date=29 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329223612/http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Mohammadullah,_Mohammad |url-status=live}}</ref>
-| colspan="8" |''Post abolished (24 March 1982 – 30 March 1984)''
 |-
 ! style="background:{{party color|Jatiya Party (Ershad)}};" |
-| [[Ataur Rahman Khan]]<br />{{small|(1907–1991)}}
 | [[File:No image.png|60px]]<!-- DO NOT ADD A NON-FREE IMAGE FOR THIS PERSON - ONLY FREELY LICENCED IMAGES ARE ALLOWED FOR LISTS. SEE WP:NFLISTS -->
-| —
+| [[A. K. M. Nurul Islam]]<br />{{small|(1919–2015)}}
-| 30 March 1984
+| 30 November 1986
-| 9 July 1986
+| September 1989
-| {{ayd|1984|3|30|1986|7|9}}
 | [[Jatiya Party (Ershad)|Jatiya Party]]
+| rowspan="3" |[[Hussain Muhammad Ershad]]
+| Former Supreme Court Justice and Law Minister.<ref>{{cite news |agency=Reuters |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/12/01/world/vice-president-named-by-bangladesh-leader.html |title=Vice President Named By Bangladesh Leader |location=Bangladesh |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=1 December 1986 |access-date=6 November 2015 |archive-date=17 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117042356/http://www.nytimes.com/1986/12/01/world/vice-president-named-by-bangladesh-leader.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
 |-
 ! style="background:{{party color|Jatiya Party (Ershad)}};" |
-| [[Mizanur Rahman Chowdhury]]<br />{{small|(1928–2006)}}
+| rowspan="2" | [[File:Moudud Ahmed (01).jpg|60px]]<!-- DO NOT ADD A NON-FREE IMAGE FOR THIS PERSON - ONLY FREELY LICENCED IMAGES ARE ALLOWED FOR LISTS. SEE WP:NFLISTS -->
-| [[File:Picture of Mizanur Rahman Chowdhury.jpeg|60px]]
+| rowspan="2" | [[Moudud Ahmed]]<br />{{small|(1940–2021)}}
-| [[1986 Bangladeshi general election|1986]]
+| rowspan="2" | September 1989
-| 9 July 1986
+| rowspan="2" | December 1990
-| 27 March 1988
+| rowspan="2" | [[Jatiya Party (Ershad)|Jatiya Party]]
-| {{ayd|1986|7|9|1988|3|27}}
+| rowspan="2" | Former Prime Minister and Deputy Prime Minister.<ref name="cabinet.gov" />
-| [[Jatiya Party (Ershad)|Jatiya Party]]
 |-
-! style="background:{{party color|Jatiya Party (Ershad)}};" |
+! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}};" |
-| [[Moudud Ahmed]]<br />{{small|(born 1940)}}
+|}
-| [[File:No image.png|60px]]<!-- DO NOT ADD A NON-FREE IMAGE FOR THIS PERSON - ONLY FREELY LICENCED IMAGES ARE ALLOWED FOR LISTS. SEE WP:NFLISTS -->
-| [[1988 Bangladeshi general election|1988]]
+=== Prime Ministers of Bangladesh ===
-| 27 March 1988
-| 12 August 1989
+Note that numbering for Prime Minister is given either bracketless, or with ( ) brackets. Numbering for Chief Adviser is given in [ ] brackets. Acting Prime Ministers or Chief Advisers are not numbered and instead denoted as "—". There are 10 Prime Ministers, 1 Acting Prime Minister, 5 Chief Advisers, and 1 Acting Chief Adviser of Bangladesh so far.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/look-back-caretaker-governments-throughout-years-912656 |title=A look back at caretaker governments throughout the years |work=The Business Standard |date=8 August 2024 |archive-date=8 August 2024 |access-date=12 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240808232759/https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/look-back-caretaker-governments-throughout-years-912656 |url-status=live}}</ref>
-| {{ayd|1988|3|27|1989|8|12}}
-| [[Jatiya Party (Ershad)|Jatiya Party]]
+;Political parties
-|-
+{{legend|{{party color|Awami League}}|[[Awami League]] (AL)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
-! style="background:{{party color|Jatiya Party (Ershad)}};" |
+{{legend|{{party color|Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League}}|[[Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League]] (BaKSAL)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
-| [[Kazi Zafar Ahmed]]<br />{{small|(1939–2015)}}
+{{legend|{{party color|Bangladesh Nationalist Party}}|[[Bangladesh Nationalist Party]] (BNP)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
-| [[File:No image.png|60px]]<!-- DO NOT ADD A NON-FREE IMAGE FOR THIS PERSON - ONLY FREELY LICENCED IMAGES ARE ALLOWED FOR LISTS. SEE WP:NFLISTS -->
+{{legend|{{party color|Jatiya Party (Ershad)}}|[[Jatiya Party (Ershad)#History|Janadal]] / [[Jatiya Party (Ershad)|Jatiya Party]] (JP(E))|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
-| —
-| 12 August 1989
+;Status
-| 6 December 1990
+{{legend|#E6E6AA|Denotes an interim or [[Caretaker government of Bangladesh|caretaker government]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
-| {{ayd|1989|8|12|1990|12|6}}
-| [[Jatiya Party (Ershad)|Jatiya Party]]
+;Symbols
-|-
+{{note label|†|†|†}} Died in office
-| colspan="8" |''Post abolished (6 December 1990 – 20 March 1991)''
-|-
+{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
-! style="background:{{party color|Bangladesh Nationalist Party}};" |
+! rowspan="2" |{{Abbr|No.|Number}}
+! rowspan="2" |Portrait
+! rowspan="2" |Name<br />{{small|(Birth–Death)}}
+! rowspan="2" |Election
+! colspan="3" |Term of office
+! rowspan="2" |Political party<br />{{small|(Coalition)}}
+|-
+! Took office
+! Left office
+! Time in office
+|-
+! colspan="8" |[[Provisional Government of Bangladesh]] (1971–1972)
+|-
+! style="background:{{party color|Awami League}}; color:white;" | 1
+| [[File:Tajuddin Ahmad in 1970 (cropped).jpg|100px]]
+| [[Tajuddin Ahmad]]<br />{{small|(1925–[[3 November 1975 Bangladeshi coup d'état|1975]])}}
+| —
+| 17 April 1971
+| 12 January 1972
+| {{ayd|1971|4|17|1972|1|12}}
+| [[Awami League|AL]]
+|-
+! colspan="8" |[[Bangladesh|People's Republic of Bangladesh]] (1972–present)
+|-
+! style="background:{{party color|Awami League}}; color:white;" | 2
+| [[File:Sheikh Mujibur Rahman in 1950.jpg|100px]]
+| [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]]<br />{{small|(1920–[[Assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman|1975]])}}
+| [[1973 Bangladeshi general election|1973]]
+| 12 January 1972
+| 25 January 1975
+| {{ayd|1972|1|12|1975|1|25}}
+| [[Awami League|AL]]
+|-
+! style="background:{{party color|Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League}}; color:white;" | 3
+| [[File:Monsur ali.jpg|100px]]
+| [[Muhammad Mansur Ali]]<br />{{small|(1917–[[3 November 1975 Bangladeshi coup d'état|1975]])}}
+| —
+| 25 January 1975
+| 15 August 1975<br />{{small|([[15 August 1975 Bangladeshi coup d'état|Deposed in a coup]])}}
+| {{ayd|1975|1|25|1975|8|15}}
+| [[Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League|BaKSAL]]
+|-
+| colspan="8" |Post abolished (15 August 1975 – 29 June 1978)
+|- style="background:#E6E6AA;"
+! style="background:{{party color|Bangladesh Nationalist Party}}; color:white;" | —
+| <!--DO NOT ADD A NON-FREE IMAGE FOR THIS PERSON - ONLY FREELY LICENCED IMAGES ARE ALLOWED FOR LISTS. SEE WP:NFLISTS-->
+| [[Mashiur Rahman (prime minister)|Mashiur Rahman]]<br />{{small|(1924–1979)<br />Acting Prime Minister}}<br />{{efn|Senior Minister.}}
+| —
+| 29 June 1978
+| 12 March 1979<sup>[[List of prime ministers of Bangladesh#endnote ††|[†]]]</sup>
+| {{ayd|1978|6|29|1979|3|12}}
+| [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party|BNP]]
+|-
+| colspan="8" |Post vacant (12 March – 15 April 1979)
+|-
+! style="background:{{party color|Bangladesh Nationalist Party}}; color:white;" | 4
+| [[File:No image.png|100px]]<!--DO NOT ADD A NON-FREE IMAGE FOR THIS PERSON - ONLY FREELY LICENCED IMAGES ARE ALLOWED FOR LISTS. SEE WP:NFLISTS-->
+| [[Shah Azizur Rahman]]<br />{{small|(1925–1988)}}
+| [[1979 Bangladeshi general election|1979]]
+| 15 April 1979
+| 24 March 1982<br />{{small|([[1982 Bangladeshi coup d'état|Deposed in a coup]])}}
+| {{ayd|1979|4|15|1982|3|24}}
+| [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party|BNP]]
+|-
+| colspan="8" |Post abolished (24 March 1982 – 30 March 1984)
+|-
+! style="background:{{party color|Jatiya Party (Ershad)}}; color:black;" | 5
+|[[File:Ataur_Rahman_Khan.jpg|100px]]
+| [[Ataur Rahman Khan]]<br />{{small|(1905–1991)}}
+| —
+| 30 March 1984
+| 9 July 1986
+| {{ayd|1984|3|30|1986|7|9}}
+| [[Jatiya Party (Ershad)#History|Janadal]] / <br />[[Jatiya Party (Ershad)|JP(E)]]
+|-
+! style="background:{{party color|Jatiya Party (Ershad)}}; color:black;" | 6
+|
+| [[Mizanur Rahman Chowdhury]]<br />{{small|(1928–2006)}}
+| [[1986 Bangladeshi general election|1986]]
+| 9 July 1986
+| 27 March 1988
+| {{ayd|1986|7|9|1988|3|27}}
+| [[Jatiya Party (Ershad)|JP(E)]]
+|-
+! style="background:{{party color|Jatiya Party (Ershad)}}; color:black;" | 7
+| [[File:Moudud Ahmed (01).jpg|100px]]
+| [[Moudud Ahmed]]<br />{{small|(1940–2021)}}
+| [[1988 Bangladeshi general election|1988]]
+| 27 March 1988
+| 12 August 1989
+| {{ayd|1988|3|27|1989|8|12}}
+| [[Jatiya Party (Ershad)|JP(E)]]
+|-
+! style="background:{{party color|Jatiya Party (Ershad)}}; color:black;" | 8
+| [[File:Kazi Zafar Ahmed.jpg|100px]]
+| [[Kazi Zafar Ahmed]]<br />{{small|(1939–2015)}}
+| —
+| 12 August 1989
+| 6 December 1990
+| {{ayd|1989|8|12|1990|12|6}}
+| [[Jatiya Party (Ershad)|JP(E)]]
+|-
+| colspan="8" |Post abolished (6 December 1990 – 20 March 1991)
+|-
+! style="background:{{party color|Bangladesh Nationalist Party}}; color:white;" | 9
+| [[File:Begum Zia Book-opening Ceremony, 1 Mar, 2010.jpg|100px]]
 | [[Khaleda Zia]]<br />{{small|(born 1945)}}
-| [[File:Begum Zia Book-opening Ceremony, 1 Mar, 2010.jpg|60px]]
 | [[1991 Bangladeshi general election|1991]]<br />[[February 1996 Bangladeshi general election|1996 (Feb)]]
 | 20 March 1991
 | 30 March 1996
 | {{ayd|1991|3|20|1996|3|30}}
-| [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party]]
+| [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party|BNP]]
-|- style="background:#c0c0c0;"
+|- style="background:#E6E6AA;"
-! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}};" |
+! style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}}; color:black;" | [1]
-| [[Muhammad Habibur Rahman]]<br />{{small|(1928–2014)}}
+| [[File:Habibur Rahman.jpg|100px]]
-| [[File:Habibur Rahman.jpg|60px]]
+| [[Muhammad Habibur Rahman]]<br />{{small|(1928–2014)<br />[[Chief Adviser of Bangladesh|Chief Adviser]]}}
 | —
 | 30 March 1996
@@ Line 2,789: / Line 3,818: @@
 | [[Independent politician|Independent]]
 |-
-! style="background:{{party color|Bangladesh Awami League}};" |
+! style="background:{{party color|Awami League}}; color:white;" | 10
+| [[File:Sheikh Hasina in New York - 2018 (44057292035) (cropped).jpg|100px]]
 | [[Sheikh Hasina]]<br />{{small|(born 1947)}}
-| [[File:Sheikh Hasina in New York - 2018 (44057292035) (cropped).jpg|60px]]
 | [[June 1996 Bangladeshi general election|1996 (Jun)]]
 | 23 June 1996
 | 15 July 2001
 | {{ayd|1996|6|23|2001|7|15}}
-| [[Bangladesh Awami League]]
+| [[Awami League|AL]]
-|- style="background:#c0c0c0;"
+|- style="background:#E6E6AA;"
-! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}};" |
+! style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}}; color:black;" | [2]
-| [[Latifur Rahman]]<br />{{small|(1936–2017)}}
+|<!--DO NOT ADD A NON-FREE IMAGE FOR THIS PERSON - ONLY FREELY LICENCED IMAGES ARE ALLOWED FOR LISTS. SEE WP:NFLISTS-->
-| [[File:No image.png|60px]]<!-- DO NOT ADD A NON-FREE IMAGE FOR THIS PERSON - ONLY FREELY LICENCED IMAGES ARE ALLOWED FOR LISTS. SEE WP:NFLISTS -->
+| [[Latifur Rahman]]<br />{{small|(1936–2017)<br />Chief Adviser}}
 | —
 | 15 July 2001
@@ Line 2,807: / Line 3,836: @@
 | [[Independent politician|Independent]]
 |-
-! style="background:{{party color|Bangladesh Nationalist Party}};" |
+! style="background:{{party color|Bangladesh Nationalist Party}}; color:white;" | (9)
+| [[File:Begum Zia Book-opening Ceremony, 1 Mar, 2010.jpg|100px]]
 | [[Khaleda Zia]]<br />{{small|(born 1945)}}
-| [[File:Begum Zia Book-opening Ceremony, 1 Mar, 2010.jpg|60px]]
 | [[2001 Bangladeshi general election|2001]]
 | 10 October 2001
 | 29 October 2006
 | {{ayd|2001|10|10|2006|10|29}}
-| [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party]]
+| [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party|BNP]]<br />{{small|([[Four Party Alliance]])}}
-|- style="background:#c0c0c0;"
+|- style="background:#E6E6AA;"
-! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}};" |
+! style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}}; color:black;" | [3]
-| [[Iajuddin Ahmed]]<br />{{small|(1931–2012)}}{{efn|Simultaneously served as [[President of Bangladesh|President]].}}
+| [[File:Iajuddin Ahmed at Zia International Airport in Dhaka (cropped).jpg|100px]]
-| [[File:No image.png|60px]]<!-- DO NOT ADD A NON-FREE IMAGE FOR THIS PERSON - ONLY FREELY LICENCED IMAGES ARE ALLOWED FOR LISTS. SEE WP:NFLISTS -->
+| [[Iajuddin Ahmed]]<br />{{small|(1931–2012)<br />Chief Adviser}}<br />{{efn|Simultaneously served as [[President of Bangladesh|President]].}}
 | —
 | 29 October 2006
@@ Line 2,824: / Line 3,853: @@
 | {{ayd|2006|10|29|2007|1|11}}
 | [[Independent politician|Independent]]
-|- style="background:#c0c0c0;"
+|- style="background:#E6E6AA;"
-! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}};" |
+! style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}}; color:black;" | [—]
-| [[Fazlul Haque (judge)|Fazlul Haque]]<br />{{small|(born 1938)}}{{efn|Acting Chief Adviser.}}
+| [[File:No image.png|100px]]<!--DO NOT ADD A NON-FREE IMAGE FOR THIS PERSON - ONLY FREELY LICENCED IMAGES ARE ALLOWED FOR LISTS. SEE WP:NFLISTS-->
-| [[File:No image.png|60px]]<!-- DO NOT ADD A NON-FREE IMAGE FOR THIS PERSON - ONLY FREELY LICENCED IMAGES ARE ALLOWED FOR LISTS. SEE WP:NFLISTS -->
+| [[Fazlul Haque (judge)|Fazlul Haque]]<br />{{small|(born 1938)<br />Acting Chief Adviser}}
 | —
 | 11 January 2007
@@ Line 2,833: / Line 3,862: @@
 | {{ayd|2007|1|11|2007|1|12}}
 | [[Independent politician|Independent]]
-|- style="background:#c0c0c0;"
+|- style="background:#E6E6AA;"
-! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}};" |
+! style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}}; color:black;" | [4]
-| [[Fakhruddin Ahmed]]<br />{{small|(born 1940)}}
+| [[File:Fakhruddin Ahmed - WEF Annual Meeting Davos 2008.jpg|100px]]
-| [[File:Fakhruddin Ahmed - WEF Annual Meeting Davos 2008.jpg|60px]]
+| [[Fakhruddin Ahmed]]<br />{{small|(born 1940)<br />Chief Adviser}}
 | —
 | 12 January 2007
 | 6 January 2009
 | {{ayd|2007|1|12|2009|1|6}}
-| [[Independent politician|Independent]]
+| [[Independent politician|Independent]]<br />{{small|(with [[2006–2008 Bangladesh political crisis#Military intervention|military support]])}}
 |-
-! style="background:{{party color|Bangladesh Awami League}};" |
+! style="background:{{party color|Awami League}}; color:white;" | (10)
+| [[File:Sheikh Hasina in New York - 2018 (44057292035) (cropped).jpg|100px]]
 | [[Sheikh Hasina]]<br />{{small|(born 1947)}}
-| [[File:Sheikh Hasina in New York - 2018 (44057292035) (cropped).jpg|60px]]
+| [[2008 Bangladeshi general election|2008]]<br />[[2014 Bangladeshi general election|2014]]<br />[[2018 Bangladeshi general election|2018]]<br />[[2024 Bangladeshi general election|2024]]
-| [[2008 Bangladeshi general election|2008]]<br />[[2014 Bangladeshi general election|2014]]<br />[[2018 Bangladeshi general election|2018]]
 | 6 January 2009
+| 5 August 2024<br />{{small|([[Resignation of Sheikh Hasina|Resigned]])}}
+| {{ayd|2009|1|6|2024|8|5}}
+| [[Awami League|AL]]<br />{{Small|([[Grand Alliance (Bangladesh)|Grand Alliance]])}}
+|-
+| colspan="8" |Post vacant (5 – 8 August 2024)
+|- style="background:#E6E6AA;"
+! style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}}; color:black;" | [5]
+| [[File:Muhammad Yunus - World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2012.jpg|100px]]
+| [[Muhammad Yunus]]<br />{{small|(born 1940)<br />Chief Adviser}}
+| —
+| 8 August 2024
 | ''Incumbent''
-| {{ayd|2009|1|6}}
+| {{ayd|2024|8|8}}
-| [[Bangladesh Awami League]]
+| [[Independent politician|Independent]]<!--Don't add "with military support" here-->
 |}
-== See more ==
+== See also ==
-*[[History of Bengal]]
+{{Portal bar|Monarchy|India|Bangladesh|History|Lists}}
+* [[Mahajanapadas]]
+* [[History of India]]
+* [[History of Bangladesh]]
+* [[History of West Bengal]]
+* [[List of Indian monarchs]]
 == Notes ==
-{{notelist}}
+{{notelist}}<references group="upper-alpha" />
 == References ==
@@ Line 2,873: / Line 3,918: @@
 [[Category:Lists of Indian monarchs|Bengal]]
 [[Category:Rulers of Bengal|*]]
+[[Category:Rulers|*]]
+[[Category:Lists of rulers in Asia|Lists of rulers in Asia]]
+[[Category:Lists of heads of state|Lists of heads of state]]