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{{Use Indian English|date=October 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2016}}
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
| name                   = Howrah district
| name                     = Howrah District
| settlement_type       = [[List of districts of West Bengal|District]] of [[West Bengal]]
| settlement_type         = [[List of districts of West Bengal|District of West Bengal]]
| total_type             = Total
| total_type               = Total
| native_name           =  
| native_name             = হাওড়া জেলা
| image_skyline         = {{ Photomontage
| image_skyline           = {{ Photomontage
|photo1a = Belur Math - Ramakrishna Math and around, Howrah, Kolkata- IRCTC 2017 (20).jpg
|photo1a = Belur Math - Ramakrishna Math and around, Howrah, Kolkata- IRCTC 2017 (20).jpg
|photo1b = Malaibari Lane - Bazaar Area - Amta - Howrah 2015-11-15 7135.JPG
|photo1b = Malaibari Lane - Bazaar Area - Amta - Howrah 2015-11-15 7135.JPG
|photo2a = Andul Road & Danesh Sheikh Lane Junction - Howrah 2012-09-20 0188.JPG
|photo2a = Front view of Howrah District Library.jpg
|photo2b = Grass and Water Hyacinth - Santragachi Lake - Howrah 2013-01-25 3578.JPG
|photo2b = Grass and Water Hyacinth - Santragachi Lake - Howrah 2013-01-25 3578.JPG
|photo3a = Bamboo Forest 20020400 2.jpg
|photo3a = Bamboo Forest 20020400 2.jpg
|size=250
|size=250
}}
}}
| image_caption         = Clockwise from top-left: [[Belur Math]], Malaibari Bazaar in Amta, Santragachi Lake, Bamboo Forest in Howrah, Andul Road 
| image_caption           = Clockwise from top-left: [[Belur Math]], Malaibari Bazaar in Amta, Santragachi Lake, Bamboo Forest in Howrah, Howrah District Library
| image_map             = Howrah district.svg
| image_map               = {{maplink |frame=yes
| map_caption            = Location of Howrah district in West Bengal
|frame-width=225 |frame-height=225 |frame-align=center
| coordinates            = {{coord|22.5736296|N|88.3251045|E|display=inline,title|region:IN-WB}}
|text= '''Howrah district'''
| subdivision_type      = Country
|type=shape |id=Q1478937
| subdivision_name      = {{flag|India}}
|stroke-colour=#C60C30
| subdivision_type1      = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
|stroke-width=2
| subdivision_name1      = {{flagicon image|..West Bengal Flag(INDIA).png}} [[West Bengal]]
|title= Howrah district of West Bengal
| subdivision_type2      = [[Administrative divisions of India|Division]]
|type2=line|id2=Q1356|stroke-width2=1|stroke-colour2=#0000ff|title2=West Bengal
| subdivision_name2      = [[Presidency division|Presidency]]
| established_title      = Established
| established_date      =  
| seat_type              = Headquarters
| seat                  = [[Howrah]]
| parts_type            = [[Tehsils of India|Tehsils]]
| parts_style            = para
| p1                    =  
| area_total_km2        = 1467
| area_footnotes        =
| population_as_of      = 2011
| population_total      = 4,850,029
| population_footnotes  =
| population_urban      =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1    = Demographics
| demographics1_title1  = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]]
| demographics1_info1    = 83.31 %
| demographics1_title2  = Sex ratio
| demographics1_info2    = 935
| leader_title          =
| leader_name            =
| leader_title1          = [[Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name1          = [[Howrah (Lok Sabha constituency)|Howrah]], [[Uluberia (Lok Sabha constituency)|Uluberia]], [[Serampore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Serampore]] - partly
| leader_title2          = [[Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name2          = [[Bally (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bally]], [[Howrah Uttar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Howrah Uttar]], [[Howrah Madhya (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Howrah Madhya]], [[Shibpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Shibpur]], [[Howrah Dakshin (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Howrah Dakshin]], [[Sankrail (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sankrail]], [[Panchla (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Panchla]], [[Uluberia Purba (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Uluberia Purba]], [[Uluberia Uttar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Uluberia Uttar]], [[Uluberia Dakshin (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Uluberia Dakshin]], [[Shyampur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Shyampur]], [[Bagnan (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bagnan]], [[Amta (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Amta]], [[Udaynarayanpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Udaynarayanpur]], [[Jagatballavpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Jagatballavpur]], [[Domjur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Domjur]]
| timezone1              = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1            = +05:30
| registration_plate    =
| blank_name_sec1        = [[Indian road network|Major highways]]
| blank_info_sec1        = [[National Highway 16 (India)|NH 16]] , [[National Highway 2 (India)|NH 2]]
| blank_name_sec2        = Average annual precipitation
| blank_info_sec2        = 1461 mm
| website                = {{url|https://www.howrah.gov.in}}
}}
}}
 
| map_alt                  =
'''Howrah district''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|h|aʊ|r|ə}}, {{IPA-bn|ˈɦao̯ɽa|lang}}) is a district of the [[West Bengal]] state in eastern [[India]]. Howrah district is one of the highly urbanized area of West Bengal. The urbanised sectors gradually increase the slum populations. Howrah is the second smallest district after Kolkata. It has thousands of years of rich heritage in the form of the great Bengali kingdom of [[Bhurshut]]. The district is named after its headquarters, the city of [[Howrah]].<ref>[http://www.nicd.org/Dst_Howrah.asp Howrah<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050907115747/http://www.nicd.org/Dst_Howrah.asp |date=7 September 2005 }}</ref>
| map_caption              = Location in West Bengal
| coordinates              = {{coord|22.5736296|N|88.3251045|E|display=inline,title|region:IN-WB}}
| subdivision_type        = Country
| subdivision_name        = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1        = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1        = {{flagicon image|..West Bengal Flag(INDIA).png}} [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2        = [[Administrative divisions of India|Division]]
| subdivision_name2        = [[Presidency division|Presidency]]
| established_title        = Established
| established_date        =
| seat_type                = Headquarters
| seat                    = [[Howrah]]
| parts_type              = [[Tehsils of India|Tehsils]]
| parts_style              = para
| p1                      =
| area_total_km2          = 1467
| area_footnotes          =
| population_as_of        = 2011
| population_total        = 4,850,029
| population_footnotes    =
| population_urban        =
| population_density_km2  = auto
| demographics_type1      = Demographics
| demographics1_title1    = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]]
| demographics1_info1      = 83.31 %
| demographics1_title2    = Sex ratio
| demographics1_info2      = 935
| leader_title            =
| leader_name              =
| leader_title1            = [[Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name1            = [[Howrah (Lok Sabha constituency)|Howrah]], [[Uluberia (Lok Sabha constituency)|Uluberia]], [[Serampore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Serampore]] - partly
| leader_title2            = [[Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name2            = [[Howrah Uttar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Howrah Uttar]], [[Howrah Madhya (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Howrah Madhya]], [[Shibpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Shibpur]], [[Howrah Dakshin (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Howrah Dakshin]], [[Sankrail (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sankrail]], [[Panchla (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Panchla]], [[Uluberia Purba (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Uluberia Purba]], [[Uluberia Uttar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Uluberia Uttar]], [[Uluberia Dakshin (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Uluberia Dakshin]], [[Shyampur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Shyampur]], [[Bagnan (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bagnan]], [[Amta (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Amta]], [[Udaynarayanpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Udaynarayanpur]], [[Jagatballavpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Jagatballavpur]], [[Domjur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Domjur]]
| timezone1                = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1              = +05:30
| registration_plate      =
| blank_name_sec1          = [[Roads in India|Major highways]]
| blank_info_sec1          = [[National Highway 16 (India)|NH 16]] , [[National Highway 2 (India)|NH 2]]
| blank_name_sec2          = Average annual precipitation
| blank_info_sec2          = 1461 mm
| website                  = {{url|https://www.howrah.gov.in}}
}}
[[File:Howrah metro station 2.jpg|thumb|Howrah Metro Station|left]]
'''Howrah district''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|h|aʊ|r|ə}}, {{IPA-bn|ˈɦao̯ɽa|lang}}) is a district of the [[West Bengal]] state in eastern [[India]]. Howrah district is one of the highly urbanized area of West Bengal. The urbanised sectors gradually increase the slum populations. Howrah is the third smallest district after Kolkata and Kalimpong. It has thousands of years of rich heritage in the form of the great Bengali kingdom of [[Bhurshut]]. The district is named after its headquarters, the city of [[Howrah]].<ref>[http://www.nicd.org/Dst_Howrah.asp Howrah<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050907115747/http://www.nicd.org/Dst_Howrah.asp |date=7 September 2005 }}</ref>


==Geography==
==Geography==
[[File:Map of Howrah district .svg|300px|thumb|right|Map of Howrah District]]
[[File:Map of Howrah district .svg|300px|thumb|Map of Howrah District|left]]


The Howrah district lies between 22°48′ N and 22°12′ N latitudes and between 88°23′ E and 87°50′ E longitudes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.howrah.gov.in/Templates/geography.htm|title=Geographical location of Howrah district and its headquarters|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081223172520/http://howrah.gov.in/Templates/geography.htm|archive-date=23 December 2008|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The district is bounded by the [[Hooghly River]] and the [[North 24 Parganas]] and [[South 24 Parganas]] districts on the east, on the north by the [[Hooghly (district)|Hooghly district]] (Arambagh and Shrirampur sub-divisions), and on the south by [[Midnapore East]] district ([[Tamluk]] sub-division). On the west Howrah district is bordered by the Ghatal sub-division of [[Midnapore West]] district, and partly by the Arambagh sub-division of Hooghly district to the north-west, and the Tamluk sub-division of [[Midnapore East]] district to the south-west.
The Howrah district lies between 22°48′ N and 22°12′ N latitudes and between 88°23′ E and 87°50′ E longitudes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.howrah.gov.in/Templates/geography.htm|title=Geographical location of Howrah district and its headquarters|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081223172520/http://howrah.gov.in/Templates/geography.htm|archive-date=23 December 2008|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The district is bounded by the [[Hooghly River]] and the [[North 24 Parganas]] and [[South 24 Parganas]] districts on the east, on the north by the [[Hooghly district]] (Arambagh and Shrirampur sub-divisions), and on the south by [[Midnapore East]] district ([[Tamluk]] sub-division). On the west Howrah district is bordered by the Ghatal sub-division of [[Midnapore West]] district, and partly by the Arambagh sub-division of Hooghly district to the north-west, and the Tamluk sub-division of [[Midnapore East]] district to the south-west.


Boundaries of the district are naturally determined by [[Rupnarayan River]] on west and south-west, and by [[Hooghly river|Bhagirathi-Hooghly river]] on east and south-east side. On north side, the boundary is an artificial one except for Bally Canal on north-east and [[Damodar River]] on north-west.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.howrah.gov.in/Templates/Howrah%20history.htm|title=Howrah, the second largest city of West Bengal and twin of Kolkata is said to have a rich history that dates back to 500 years|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071220200439/http://howrah.gov.in/Templates/Howrah%20history.htm|archive-date=20 December 2007|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
Boundaries of the district are naturally determined by [[Rupnarayan River]] on west and south-west, and by [[Hooghly river|Bhagirathi-Hooghly river]] on east and south-east side. On north side, the boundary is an artificial one except for Bally Canal on north-east and [[Damodar River]] on north-west.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.howrah.gov.in/Templates/Howrah%20history.htm|title=Howrah, the second largest city of West Bengal and twin of Kolkata is said to have a rich history that dates back to 500 years|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071220200439/http://howrah.gov.in/Templates/Howrah%20history.htm|archive-date=20 December 2007|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>


Annual normal rainfall is 1461 millimetre per year. Annual maximum temperature varies between 32-39&nbsp;°C, whereas minimum temperature varies between 8-10&nbsp;°C.
Annual normal rainfall is 1461 millimetre per year. Annual maximum temperature varies between 32-39&nbsp;°C, whereas minimum temperature varies between 8-10&nbsp;°C.
==Demographics==
{{bar box
|title=Religions of Howrah District in 2011 census<ref name="Religion">{{cite web |title=C-1 Population By Religious Community |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW19C-01%20MDDS.XLS|publisher=Census |access-date=14 November 2019}}</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|DarkOrange|72.9}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|green|26.2}}
{{bar percent|Others|grey|0.9}}
}}
{{ Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Languages of Howrah District (2011)<ref>{{cite web |title=C-16 Population By Mother Tongue |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-1900.XLSX |website=censusindia.gov.in |access-date=25 March 2020}}</ref>
|label1 = Bengali |value1 = 84.99 |color1 = Blue
|label2 = Hindi |value2 = 11.27 |color2 = Orange
|label3 = Urdu |value3 = 2.86 |color3 = Green
|label4 = Others |value4 = 0.88 |color4 = Grey
}}
{{See also| List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate}}
According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] Howrah district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 4,850,029,<ref name=districtcensus>{{cite web | url = http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php | title = District Census 2011 | access-date = 30 September 2011 | year = 2011 | publisher = Census2011.co.in}}</ref> roughly equal to the nation of [[Singapore]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | access-date = 1 October 2011 | quote = Singapore 4,740,737 July 2011 est.
}}</ref> or the US state of [[Alabama]].<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php
|title=2010 Resident Population Data
|publisher=U. S. Census Bureau
|access-date=30 September 2011
|quote=Alabama 4,779,736
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019160532/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php
|archive-date=19 October 2013
|df=dmy
}}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 23rd in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus/> The district has a population density of {{convert| 3306 |PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}}.<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001-2011 was  13.31%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Haora has a [[sex ratio]] of 935 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 83.85%.<ref name=districtcensus/>
Total area in Howrah District is 1467&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>. Total population is 4,273,099 as per census 2001 records. 57.91% of the population live in Howrah Sadar subdivision and rest 42.09% live in Uluberia subdivision. Population Density: 2913 per km<sup>2</sup>.{{historical populations|11=1901|12=8,50,514|13=1911|14=9,43,502|15=1921|16=9,97,403|17=1931|18=10,98,867|19=1941|20=14,90,304|21=1951|22=16,11,373|23=1961|24=20,38,477|25=1971|26=24,17,286|27=1981|28=29,66,861|29=1991|30=37,29,644|31=2001|32=42,73,099|33=2011|34=48,50,029|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=middle}}


==Divisions==
==Divisions==
Line 170: Line 142:
| [[Udaynarayanpur]] || [[Uluberia subdivision|Uluberia]] || CD Block || CD block consists of rural area only with 11 gram panchayats
| [[Udaynarayanpur]] || [[Uluberia subdivision|Uluberia]] || CD Block || CD block consists of rural area only with 11 gram panchayats
|}
|}
==Demographics==
{{bar box
|title=Religions of Howrah District (2011)<ref name="Religion">{{cite web |title=C-1 Population By Religious Community |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW19C-01%20MDDS.XLS|publisher=Census |access-date=14 November 2019}}</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|72.9}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|green|26.2}}
{{bar percent|Others|grey|0.9}}
}}
{{ Pie chart
|thumb = left
|caption = Languages of Howrah District (2011)<ref>{{cite web |title=C-16 Population By Mother Tongue |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-1900.XLSX |website=censusindia.gov.in |access-date=25 March 2020}}</ref>
|label1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]] |value1 = 84.99 |color1 = orchid
|label2 = [[Hindi]] |value2 = 10.92 |color2 = Orange
|label3 = [[Urdu]] |value3 = 2.86 |color3 = Green
|label4 = Others |value4 = 1.23 |color4 = Grey
}}
{{See also| List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate}}
According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] Howrah district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 4,850,029,<ref name=districtcensus>{{cite web | url = http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php | title = District Census 2011 | access-date = 30 September 2011 | year = 2011 | publisher = Census2011.co.in}}</ref> roughly equal to the nation of [[Singapore]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | access-date = 1 October 2011 | quote = Singapore 4,740,737 July 2011 est.
}}</ref> or the US state of [[Alabama]].<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php
|title=2010 Resident Population Data
|publisher=U. S. Census Bureau
|access-date=30 September 2011
|quote=Alabama 4,779,736
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019160532/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php
|archive-date=19 October 2013
|df=dmy
}}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 23rd in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus/> The district has a population density of {{convert| 3306 |PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}}.<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001-2011 was  13.31%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Haora has a [[sex ratio]] of 935 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 83.85%.<ref name=districtcensus/>
Total area in Howrah District is 1467&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>. Total population is 4,273,099 as per census 2001 records. 57.91% of the population live in Howrah Sadar subdivision and rest 42.09% live in Uluberia subdivision. Population Density: 2913 per km<sup>2</sup>.{{historical populations|11=1901|12=8,50,514|13=1911|14=9,43,502|15=1921|16=9,97,403|17=1931|18=10,98,867|19=1941|20=14,90,304|21=1951|22=16,11,373|23=1961|24=20,38,477|25=1971|26=24,17,286|27=1981|28=29,66,861|29=1991|30=37,29,644|31=2001|32=42,73,099|33=2011|34=48,50,029|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=middle}}
[[File:Howrah Municipal Corporation - Howrah 050032.JPG|thumb|Howrah Municipal Corporation]]


==Assembly constituencies==
==Assembly constituencies==
{{see also|List of constituencies of West Bengal Legislative Assembly}}
{{see also|List of constituencies of West Bengal Legislative Assembly}}
The district is divided into 16 [[assembly constituency|assembly constituencies]]:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S25/WB_ACPC.pdf |title=General election to the Legislative Assembly, 2001 – List of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies |access-date=19 November 2008 |work=West Bengal |publisher=Election Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080411104739/http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S25/WB_ACPC.pdf |archive-date=11 April 2008 |df=dmy }}</ref> Sankrail and Uluberia North constituencies will remain reserved for [[Scheduled castes and scheduled tribes|Scheduled Castes (SC)]] candidates. The division is represented in the [[Lok Sabha]] by the [[Howrah (Lok Sabha constituency)]], [[Uluberia (Lok Sabha constituency)]] and [[Sreerampur (Lok Sabha constituency)]].
The district is divided into 16 [[assembly constituency|assembly constituencies]]:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S25/WB_ACPC.pdf |title=General election to the Legislative Assembly, 2001 – List of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies |access-date=19 November 2008 |work=West Bengal |publisher=Election Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080411104739/http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S25/WB_ACPC.pdf |archive-date=11 April 2008 |df=dmy }}</ref> Sankrail and Uluberia North constituencies will remain reserved for [[Scheduled castes and scheduled tribes|Scheduled Castes (SC)]] candidates. The division is represented in the [[Lok Sabha]] by the [[Howrah (Lok Sabha constituency)]] and [[Uluberia (Lok Sabha constituency)]] .


{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"

Revision as of 16:15, 28 June 2022

This article is about the district. For its eponymous headquarters, see Howrah. For other uses, see Howrah (disambiguation).
Howrah District
হাওড়া জেলা
District of West Bengal
Clockwise from top-left: Belur Math, Malaibari Bazaar in Amta, Santragachi Lake, Bamboo Forest in Howrah, Howrah District Library
Coordinates: 22°34′25″N 88°19′30″E / 22.5736296°N 88.3251045°E / 22.5736296; 88.3251045
Country India
StateFile:..West Bengal Flag(INDIA).png West Bengal
DivisionPresidency
HeadquartersHowrah
Government
 • Lok Sabha constituenciesHowrah, Uluberia, Serampore - partly
 • Vidhan Sabha constituenciesHowrah Uttar, Howrah Madhya, Shibpur, Howrah Dakshin, Sankrail, Panchla, Uluberia Purba, Uluberia Uttar, Uluberia Dakshin, Shyampur, Bagnan, Amta, Udaynarayanpur, Jagatballavpur, Domjur
Area
 • Total1,467 km2 (566 sq mi)
Population
 (2011)
 • Total4,850,029
 • Density3,300/km2 (8,600/sq mi)
Demographics
 • Literacy83.31 %
 • Sex ratio935
Time zoneUTC+05:30 (IST)
Major highwaysNH 16 , NH 2
Average annual precipitation1461 mm
Websitewww.howrah.gov.in
Howrah Metro Station

Howrah district (/ˈhaʊrə/, Bengali: [ˈɦao̯ɽa]) is a district of the West Bengal state in eastern India. Howrah district is one of the highly urbanized area of West Bengal. The urbanised sectors gradually increase the slum populations. Howrah is the third smallest district after Kolkata and Kalimpong. It has thousands of years of rich heritage in the form of the great Bengali kingdom of Bhurshut. The district is named after its headquarters, the city of Howrah.[1]

Geography

Map of Howrah District

The Howrah district lies between 22°48′ N and 22°12′ N latitudes and between 88°23′ E and 87°50′ E longitudes.[2] The district is bounded by the Hooghly River and the North 24 Parganas and South 24 Parganas districts on the east, on the north by the Hooghly district (Arambagh and Shrirampur sub-divisions), and on the south by Midnapore East district (Tamluk sub-division). On the west Howrah district is bordered by the Ghatal sub-division of Midnapore West district, and partly by the Arambagh sub-division of Hooghly district to the north-west, and the Tamluk sub-division of Midnapore East district to the south-west.

Boundaries of the district are naturally determined by Rupnarayan River on west and south-west, and by Bhagirathi-Hooghly river on east and south-east side. On north side, the boundary is an artificial one except for Bally Canal on north-east and Damodar River on north-west.[3]

Annual normal rainfall is 1461 millimetre per year. Annual maximum temperature varies between 32-39 °C, whereas minimum temperature varies between 8-10 °C.

Divisions

Howrah District is split into the Howrah Sadar subdivision and the Uluberia subdivision. The Howrah Sadar subdivision has 1 municipal corporation with 1 municipality and 5 community development (CD) blocks. The Uluberia subdivision has 1 municipality and 9 community development blocks.

Each block consists of a rural area divided into gram panchayats along with census towns.[4] The district has 30 police stations (Howrah Police Commissionerate has 16 general police stations including 1 Women PS, 1 Cyber Crime PS and Howrah Rural PD has 10 general police stations including 1 Women PS, 1 Cyber Crime PS), 157 gram panchayats[5] and 50 census towns.

Area Subdivision Type Notes
Howrah Municipal Corporation Howrah Sadar Municipal Corporation includes the merged Bally Municipality and total number of wards is sixty six now[6][7]
Bally Jagachha Howrah Sadar CD Block consists of rural area with 8 gram panchayats and six census towns: Bally (different from Bally municipality), Chakapara, Chamrail, Eksara, Khalia and Jagadishpur Durgapur-Avoynagar1, Durgapur-Avoynagar2, Nischinda
Domjur Howrah Sadar CD Block consists of rural area with 18 gram panchayats and sixteen census towns: Domjur, Dakshin Jhapardaha, Khantora, Bhandardaha, Makardaha, Kantlia, Tentulkuli, Salap, Bankra, Nibra, Ankurhati, Bipra Noapara, Kalara, Kesabpur, Natibpur, and Mahiari
Panchla Howrah Sadar CD Block consists of rural area with 11 gram panchayats and seven census towns: Bikihakola, Beldubi, Deulpur, Gangadharpur, Jujersha, Jala-Biswanathpur, Banaharishpur, Chara-Panchla, Panchla, Subharara and Sahapur
Sankrail Howrah Sadar CD Block consists of rural area with 16 gram panchayats and fourteen census towns: Argari, Dhuilya, Andul, Ramchandrapur, Podara, Panchpara, Hatgachha, Jhorhat, Banipur, Mashila, Sankrail, Manikpur, Nalpur, Raghudebbati and Sarenga
Jagatballavpur Howrah Sadar CD Block consists of rural area with 14 gram panchayats and two census town: Mansinhapur and Munsirhat
Uluberia Municipality Uluberia Municipality
Amta I Uluberia CD Block CD block consists of rural area only with 13 gram panchayats
Amta II Uluberia CD Block CD block consists of rural area only with 14 gram panchayats
Bagnan I Uluberia CD Block CD block consists of rural area with 10 gram panchayats and two census towns: Khalor and Bagnan
Bagnan II Uluberia CD Block CD block consists of rural area with 7 gram panchayats and one census town: Naupala
Uluberia I Uluberia CD Block CD block consists of rural area only with 9 gram panchayats.The most important village is Bar-Mongrajpur under Hatgacha-1 G.P.
Uluberia II Uluberia CD Block CD block consists of rural area with 8 gram panchayats and three census towns: Santoshpur, Balaram Pota and Uttar Pirpur
Shyampur I Uluberia CD Block CD block consists of rural area only with 10 gram panchayats
Shyampur II Uluberia CD Block CD block consists of rural area only with 8 gram panchayats
Udaynarayanpur Uluberia CD Block CD block consists of rural area only with 11 gram panchayats

Demographics

Religions of Howrah District (2011)[8]
Religion Percent
Hinduism
 
 72.9%
Islam
 
 26.2%
Others
 
 0.9%

Languages of Howrah District (2011)[9]

  Bengali (84.99%)
  Hindi (10.92%)
  Urdu (2.86%)
  Others (1.23%)
See also: List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate

According to the 2011 census Howrah district has a population of 4,850,029,[10] roughly equal to the nation of Singapore[11] or the US state of Alabama.[12] This gives it a ranking of 23rd in India (out of a total of 640).[10] The district has a population density of 3,306 inhabitants per square kilometre (8,560/sq mi).[10] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 13.31%.[10] Haora has a sex ratio of 935 females for every 1000 males[10] and a literacy rate of 83.85%.[10]

Total area in Howrah District is 1467 km2. Total population is 4,273,099 as per census 2001 records. 57.91% of the population live in Howrah Sadar subdivision and rest 42.09% live in Uluberia subdivision. Population Density: 2913 per km2.

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1901850,514—    
1911943,502+1.04%
1921997,403+0.56%
19311,098,867+0.97%
19411,490,304+3.09%
19511,611,373+0.78%
19612,038,477+2.38%
19712,417,286+1.72%
19812,966,861+2.07%
19913,729,644+2.31%
20014,273,099+1.37%
20114,850,029+1.27%
source:[13]
Howrah Municipal Corporation

Assembly constituencies

See also: List of constituencies of West Bengal Legislative Assembly

The district is divided into 16 assembly constituencies:[14] Sankrail and Uluberia North constituencies will remain reserved for Scheduled Castes (SC) candidates. The division is represented in the Lok Sabha by the Howrah (Lok Sabha constituency) and Uluberia (Lok Sabha constituency) .

Constituency No. Name District Reservation for SC/ST Lok Sabha constituency
169 Bally (Vidhan Sabha constituency) Howrah None Howrah
170 Howrah Uttar (Vidhan Sabha constituency) Howrah None Howrah
171 Howrah Madhya (Vidhan Sabha constituency) Howrah None Howrah
172 Shibpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency) Howrah None Howrah
173 Howrah Dakshin (Vidhan Sabha constituency) Howrah None Howrah
174 Sankrail (Vidhan Sabha constituency) Howrah SC Howrah
175 Panchla (Vidhan Sabha constituency) Howrah None Howrah
176 Uluberia Purba (Vidhan Sabha constituency) Howrah None Uluberia
177 Uluberia Uttar (Vidhan Sabha constituency) Howrah SC Uluberia
178 Uluberia Dakshin (Vidhan Sabha constituency) Howrah None Uluberia
179 Shyampur (Vidhan Sabha constituency) Howrah None Uluberia
180 Bagnan (Vidhan Sabha constituency) Howrah None Uluberia
181 Amta (Vidhan Sabha constituency) Howrah None Uluberia
182 Udaynarayanpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency) Howrah None Uluberia
183 Jagatballavpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency) Howrah None Srerampur
184 Domjur (Vidhan Sabha constituency) Howrah None Srerampur

See also

References

  1. ↑ Howrah Archived 7 September 2005 at the Wayback Machine
  2. ↑ "Geographical location of Howrah district and its headquarters". Archived from the original on 23 December 2008.
  3. ↑ "Howrah, the second largest city of West Bengal and twin of Kolkata is said to have a rich history that dates back to 500 years". Archived from the original on 20 December 2007.
  4. ↑ "Population, Decadal Growth Rate, Density and General Sex Ratio by Residence and Sex, West Bengal/ District/ Sub District, 1991 and 2001". West Bengal. Directorate of census operations. Archived from the original on 28 September 2011. Retrieved 12 October 2008.
  5. ↑ "Directory of District, Sub division, Panchayat Samiti/ Block and Gram Panchayats in West Bengal, March 2008". West Bengal. National Informatics Centre, India. 19 March 2008. Archived from the original on 25 February 2009. Retrieved 11 November 2008.
  6. ↑ "About HMC – Howrah Municipal Corporation". About HMC. Retrieved 13 January 2021.
  7. ↑ Basu, Pritesh (5 January 2016). "HMC sets up 'Mayor's Cop' to monitor civic amenities". www.millenniumpost.in. Retrieved 13 January 2021.
  8. ↑ "C-1 Population By Religious Community". Census. Retrieved 14 November 2019.
  9. ↑ "C-16 Population By Mother Tongue". censusindia.gov.in. Retrieved 25 March 2020.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 "District Census 2011". Census2011.co.in. 2011. Retrieved 30 September 2011.
  11. ↑ US Directorate of Intelligence. "Country Comparison:Population". Retrieved 1 October 2011. Singapore 4,740,737 July 2011 est.
  12. ↑ "2010 Resident Population Data". U. S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 19 October 2013. Retrieved 30 September 2011. Alabama 4,779,736
  13. ↑ Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901
  14. ↑ "General election to the Legislative Assembly, 2001 – List of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies" (PDF). West Bengal. Election Commission of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 April 2008. Retrieved 19 November 2008.

External links

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