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{{Short description|District of West Bengal, India}} | |||
{{about|a district in West Bengal|the district in Bangladesh|Dinajpur District, Bangladesh}} | {{about|a district in West Bengal|the district in Bangladesh|Dinajpur District, Bangladesh}} | ||
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}} | {{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}} | ||
{{Infobox settlement | {{Infobox settlement | ||
| name | | name = Uttar Dinajpur District | ||
| settlement_type | | settlement_type = [[List of districts of West Bengal|District]] of [[West Bengal]] | ||
| total_type | | total_type = Total | ||
| native_name | | native_name = | ||
| image_skyline | | image_skyline = {{photomontage | ||
|photo1a = | |photo1a = Durgapur Zamindar house at Uttar Dinajpur district 10.jpg | ||
|photo1b = | |photo1b = Mohanta Maszid at Barua village near Goyalpara under Raiganj sub-division of Uttar Dinajpur district. 07.jpg | ||
|photo2a = Raiganj | |photo2a = Pirpukur Darga at Ukilpara area of Raiganj town in Uttar Dinajpur district 22.jpg | ||
|photo3a = | |photo2b = A flat roofed temple with five pinnacled structure on top dedicated to Pramatheshwar Mahadeb Jew at Marnai village in Uttar Dinajpur district 46.jpg | ||
|size=250 | |photo3a = Kulik Bird Sanctuary in the Uttar Dinajpur district 07.jpg | ||
|size=250 | |||
}} | }} | ||
| image_caption | | image_caption = From top-left: Durgapur Rajbari, Mohanta Masjid near Goyalpara, Pramateshwar Mahadeb Mondir, [[Raiganj Wildlife Sanctuary|Kulik Bird Sanctuary]], Pirpukur Dargah in [[Raiganj]] | ||
| image_map | | image_map = Uttar Dinajpur in West Bengal (India).svg | ||
| | | image_map1 = {{maplink |frame=yes | ||
|frame-width=225 |frame-height=225 |frame-align=center | |||
|text= '''Uttar Dinajpur district''' | |||
|type=shape |id=Q2019766 | |||
|stroke-colour=#C60C30 | |||
|stroke-width=2 | |||
|title= Uttar Dinajpur district of West Bengal | |||
|type2=line|id2=Q1356|stroke-width2=1|stroke-colour2=#0000ff|title2=West Bengal | |||
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'''Uttar Dinajpur''' ({{IPA-bn|utor dinadʒpur}}) | | map_alt = | ||
| map_caption = Location in West Bengal | |||
| coordinates = {{coord|25.62|N|88.12|E|region:IN-WB}} | |||
| subdivision_type = Country | |||
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}} | |||
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]] | |||
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|..West Bengal Flag(INDIA).png}} [[West Bengal]] | |||
| subdivision_type2 = [[Administrative divisions of India|Division]] | |||
| subdivision_name2 = [[Malda division|Malda]] | |||
| established_title = Established | |||
| established_date = | |||
| seat_type = Headquarters | |||
| seat = [[Raiganj]] | |||
| parts_type = [[Tehsils of India|Tehsils]] | |||
| parts_style = para | |||
| p1 = | |||
| area_total_km2 = 3142 | |||
| area_footnotes = | |||
| population_as_of = 2011 | |||
| population_total = 3,007,134, | |||
| population_footnotes = | |||
| population_urban = | |||
| population_density_km2 = 966 / sq.km | |||
| demographics_type1 = Demographics | |||
| demographics1_title1 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]] | |||
| demographics1_info1 = 59.1 % | |||
| demographics1_title2 = Sex ratio | |||
| demographics1_info2 = 939 | |||
| leader_title = | |||
| leader_name = | |||
| leader_title1 = [[Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha constituencies]] | |||
| leader_name1 = [[Raiganj (Lok Sabha constituency)|Raiganj]] | |||
| leader_title2 = [[Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha constituencies]] | |||
| leader_name2 = [[Chopra (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Chopra]], [[Islampur, Uttar Dinajpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Islampur]], [[Goalpokhar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Goalpokhar]], [[Chakulia (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Chakulia]], [[Karandighi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Karandighi]], [[Hemtabad (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Hemtabad]], [[Kaliaganj (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Kaliaganj]], [[Raiganj (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Raiganj]], [[Itahar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Itahar]] | |||
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | |||
| utc_offset1 = +05:30 | |||
| registration_plate = | |||
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Roads in India|Major highways]] | |||
| blank_info_sec1 = [[National Highway 27 (India)|NH 27]], [[National Highway 12 (India)|NH 12]] | |||
| blank_name_sec2 = Poverty (2020) | |||
| blank_info_sec2 = 28.36% below poverty line | |||
| website = {{URL|http://uttardinajpur.nic.in/}} | |||
| blank1_name_sec1 = | |||
}} | |||
'''Uttar Dinajpur''' ({{IPA-bn|utor dinadʒpur}}) is a district of the Indian state of [[West Bengal]]. Created on 1 April 1992 by the division of the erstwhile [[West Dinajpur district]], it comprises two [[Subdivisions of India#Subdivision|subdivision]]s: [[Raiganj subdivision|Raiganj]] and [[Islampur subdivision|Islampur]]. | |||
== History == | == History == | ||
Undivided Dinajpur district was part of the [[Pundravardhana|Pundra kingdom]]. The whole of Pundra was part of the Mauryan empire, and Jainism was spread in the region in the | Undivided Dinajpur district was part of the [[Pundravardhana|Pundra kingdom]]. The whole of Pundra was part of the Mauryan empire, and Jainism was spread in the region in the fourth century BCE. Their capital was at Pundrabardhan (now in Bangladesh), and two other ancient towns were Gourpur and Kotibarsha, now called [[Bangarh]]. Later multiple inscriptions show how the Guptas also controlled Pundra. The district was then under [[Pala Empire|Pala]] rule from 750 CE. The Senas overthrew the Palas in 1143. In 1204, [[Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji|Bakhtiyar Khilji]] defeated the Senas and had Bangarh as its capital. After his murder, it was controlled by various governors sent by the Delhi Sultan from [[Gauḍa (city)|Gauda]]. In 1586, [[Akbar]] conquered Bengal and Dinajpur was controlled by the ''sarkars'' of Tajpur and Panjara. In 1765, it fell under the rule of the East India Company and was ruled from Murshidabad. In the later part of the 18th century, the district was home to the [[Fakir-Sannyasi rebellion|Sanyasi-Fakir rebellion]] until the early 19th century. The district remained relatively peaceful all through the rest of the 1800s. In 1905, the people of Dinajpur district protested against the Partition of Bengal. They participated in the Freedom struggle by refusing to pay tax, doing hartals, and launching agitations. In 1947, Dinajpur district was split between India and Pakistan with West Dinajpur remaining with India. In 1992, West Dinajpur district was bifurcated to form Uttar Dinajpur and Dakshin Dinajpur districts.<ref name=districtcensus/> | ||
==Geography== | ==Geography== | ||
Uttar Dinajpur district lies between [[latitude]] 25°11' N to 26°49' N and [[longitude]] 87°49' E to 90°00' E occupying an area of 3142 | Uttar Dinajpur district lies between [[latitude]] 25°11' N to 26°49' N and [[longitude]] 87°49' E to 90°00' E occupying an area of {{cvt|3142|km2}} enclosed by [[Panchagarh District|Panchagarh]], [[Thakurgaon District|Thakurgaon]] and [[Dinajpur District (Bangladesh)|Dinajpur]] districts of [[Bangladesh]] on the east, [[Kishanganj district|Kishanganj]], [[Purnia district|Purnia]] and [[Katihar district|Katihar]] districts of [[Bihar]] on the west, [[Darjeeling district]] and [[Jalpaiguri district]] on the north and [[Malda district]] and [[Dakshin Dinajpur district]] on the south. Uttar Dinajpur is well connected with the rest of the state through National Highways, State Highways and Railways. [[National Highway 27 (India)|NH-27]] and [[National Highway 12 (India)|NH-12]] pass through the heart of the district. | ||
The regional topography is generally flat with a gentle southerly slope towards which the main rivers like [[Kulik River|Kulik]], Nagar, [[Mahananda River|Mahananda]]. The District forms a part of the basin lying between Rajmahal hills on the east. The older alluvium is estimated to be [[Pleistocene]] age. Uttar Dinajpur is bestowed with a very fertile soil. The soil is very rich in nature due to the [[alluvial]] deposition which helps to grow [[Rice|Paddy]], [[Jute]], Mesta and [[Sugarcane]] etc. Raiganj on the banks of the River Kulik is the District Headquarters where the | The regional topography is generally flat with a gentle southerly slope towards which the main rivers like [[Kulik River|Kulik]], Nagar, [[Mahananda River|Mahananda]]. The District forms a part of the basin lying between Rajmahal hills on the east. The older alluvium is estimated to be [[Pleistocene]] age. Uttar Dinajpur is bestowed with a very fertile soil. The soil is very rich in nature due to the [[alluvial]] deposition which helps to grow [[Rice|Paddy]], [[Jute]], Mesta and [[Sugarcane]] etc. Raiganj on the banks of the River Kulik is the District Headquarters where the [[Raiganj Wildlife Sanctuary]], the second largest bird sanctuary in Asia, is situated. In Uttar Dinajpur district, there are two sub-divisions, [[Raiganj subdivision|Raiganj]] and [[Islampur subdivision|Islampur]], {{convert|110|km|mi|abbr=on}} apart from each other. There are four municipalities, nine blocks and 99 Panchayats covering 1577 villages. | ||
==Economy== | ==Economy== | ||
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===Sub-divisions=== | ===Sub-divisions=== | ||
Uttar Dinajpur District comprises | Uttar Dinajpur District comprises two subdivisions: | ||
*[[Raiganj subdivision|Raiganj Sub-Division]] and | *[[Raiganj subdivision|Raiganj Sub-Division]] and | ||
*[[Islampur subdivision|Islampur | *[[Islampur subdivision|Islampur Sub-Division]] | ||
===Assembly constituencies=== | ===Assembly constituencies=== | ||
The district is divided into | The district is divided into nine [[assembly constituency|assembly constituencies]]:<ref>{{cite web | url = http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S25/WB_ACPC.pdf | title = General election to the Legislative Assembly, 2001 – List of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies | access-date = 2008-11-16 | work = West Bengal | publisher = Election Commission of India | url-status=dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080411104739/http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S25/WB_ACPC.pdf | archive-date = 11 April 2008 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> | ||
#[[Chopra (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Chopra]] (assembly constituency no. 28), | #[[Chopra (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Chopra]] (assembly constituency no. 28), | ||
#[[Islampur, Uttar Dinajpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Islampur]] (assembly constituency no. 29), | #[[Islampur, Uttar Dinajpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Islampur]] (assembly constituency no. 29), | ||
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====Impact of delimitation of constituencies==== | ====Impact of delimitation of constituencies==== | ||
As per order of the [[Delimitation Commission]] in respect of the [[boundary delimitation|delimitation of constituencies]] in the West Bengal, the district will be divided into | As per order of the [[Delimitation Commission]] in respect of the [[boundary delimitation|delimitation of constituencies]] in the West Bengal, the district will be divided into nine assembly constituencies:<ref>{{cite web | ||
| url = http://www.wbgov.com/e-gov/English/DELIMITATION.pdf | title = Press Note, Delimitation Commission| access-date = 2008-11-16 | work = Assembly Constituencies in West Bengal| publisher =Delimitation Commission}}</ref> | | url = http://www.wbgov.com/e-gov/English/DELIMITATION.pdf | title = Press Note, Delimitation Commission| access-date = 2008-11-16 | work = Assembly Constituencies in West Bengal| publisher =Delimitation Commission}}</ref> | ||
#[[Chopra (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Chopra]] (assembly constituency no. 28), | #[[Chopra (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Chopra]] (assembly constituency no. 28), | ||
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#[[Kaliaganj (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Kaliaganj (SC)]] (assembly constituency no. 34), | #[[Kaliaganj (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Kaliaganj (SC)]] (assembly constituency no. 34), | ||
#[[Raiganj (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Raiganj]] (assembly constituency no. 35), | #[[Raiganj (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Raiganj]] (assembly constituency no. 35), | ||
#[[Itahar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Itahar]] (assembly constituency no. 36) | #[[Itahar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Itahar]] (assembly constituency no. 36) | ||
Hemtabad and Kaliaganj constituencies will be reserved for [[Scheduled castes and scheduled tribes|Scheduled Castes (SC)]] candidates. Along with six assembly constituencies from [[Darjeeling district]], Chopra constituency will form the [[Darjeeling (Lok Sabha constituency)]]. Islampur, Goalpokhar, Chakulia, Karandighi, Hemtabad, Kaliaganj and Raiganj constituencies will form the [[Raiganj (Lok Sabha constituency)]]. Along with six assembly constituencies from [[South Dinajpur district]], Itahar will form the [[Balurghat (Lok Sabha constituency)]]. | Hemtabad and Kaliaganj constituencies will be reserved for [[Scheduled castes and scheduled tribes|Scheduled Castes (SC)]] candidates. Along with six assembly constituencies from [[Darjeeling district]], Chopra constituency will form the [[Darjeeling (Lok Sabha constituency)]]. Islampur, Goalpokhar, Chakulia, Karandighi, Hemtabad, Kaliaganj and Raiganj constituencies will form the [[Raiganj (Lok Sabha constituency)]]. Along with six assembly constituencies from [[South Dinajpur district]], Itahar will form the [[Balurghat (Lok Sabha constituency)]]. | ||
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==Demographics== | ==Demographics== | ||
{{historical populations|11=1901|12=4,01,121|13=1911|14=4,28,300|15=1921|16=3,76,366|17=1931|18=4,03,576|19=1941|20=4,51,684|21=1951|22=5,28,607|23=1961|24=7,60,199|25=1971|26=10,87,269|27=1981|28=14,15,653|29=1991|30=18,97,045|31=2001|32=24,41,794|33=2011|34=30,07,134|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=right}}{{bar box | {{historical populations|11=1901|12=4,01,121|13=1911|14=4,28,300|15=1921|16=3,76,366|17=1931|18=4,03,576|19=1941|20=4,51,684|21=1951|22=5,28,607|23=1961|24=7,60,199|25=1971|26=10,87,269|27=1981|28=14,15,653|29=1991|30=18,97,045|31=2001|32=24,41,794|33=2011|34=30,07,134|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=right}}{{bar box | ||
|title=Religion in Uttar Dinajpur<ref>{{cite web |title=C-1 Population By Religious Community |url=https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW19C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=censusindia.gov.in |access-date=20 April 2021}}</ref> | |title=Religion in Uttar Dinajpur district (2011)<ref>{{cite web |title=C-1 Population By Religious Community |url=https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW19C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=censusindia.gov.in |access-date=20 April 2021}}</ref> | ||
|titlebar=#Fcd116 | |titlebar=#Fcd116 | ||
|left1= | |left1= | ||
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|thumb = left | |thumb = left | ||
|caption = Languages of Uttar Dinajpur district (2011).<ref name=m>{{cite web |title=C-16 Population By Mother Tongue |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-1900.XLSX |website=censusindia.gov.in |access-date=20 April 2021}}</ref><ref name=censusindia>{{cite web |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/Language-2011/Part-A.pdf |title=DISTRIBUTION OF THE 22 SCHEDULED LANGUAGES-INDIA/STATES/UNION TERRITORIES - 2011 CENSUS |archive-date=29 March 2016 }}</ref> | |caption = Languages of Uttar Dinajpur district (2011).<ref name=m>{{cite web |title=C-16 Population By Mother Tongue |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-1900.XLSX |website=censusindia.gov.in |access-date=20 April 2021}}</ref><ref name=censusindia>{{cite web |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/Language-2011/Part-A.pdf |title=DISTRIBUTION OF THE 22 SCHEDULED LANGUAGES-INDIA/STATES/UNION TERRITORIES - 2011 CENSUS |archive-date=29 March 2016 }}</ref> | ||
|label1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]] |value1 = 68.06 |color1 = | |label1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]] |value1 = 68.06 |color1 = orchid | ||
|label2 = [[Surjapuri]] |value2 = 13.22 |color2 = | |label2 = [[Surjapuri]] |value2 = 13.22 |color2 = mediumvioletred | ||
|label3 = [[Urdu]] |value3 = 9.48 |color3 = Green | |label3 = [[Urdu]] |value3 = 9.48 |color3 = Green | ||
|label4 = [[Santali language|Santali]] |value4 = 3.77 | |label4 = [[Santali language|Santali]] |value4 = 3.77 |color4 = darkturquoise | ||
| | |label5 = [[Hindi]] |value5 = 3.76 |color5 = Orange | ||
|label6 = [[Rangpuri language|Rajbongshi]] |value6 = 1.03 |color6 = plum | |||
|label7 = Others |value7 = 0.62 |color7 = Grey | |label7 = Others |value7 = 0.62 |color7 = Grey | ||
}} | }} | ||
According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] Uttar Dinajpur district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 3,007,134,<ref name=districtcensus>{{cite web | url = | According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] Uttar Dinajpur district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 3,007,134,<ref name=districtcensus>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/1904_PART_B_DCHB_UTTAR%20DINAJPUR.pdf | title = District Census 2011 | access-date = 2011-09-30 | year = 2011 | publisher = censusindia.gov.in}}</ref> roughly equal to the nation of [[Albania]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | access-date = 2011-10-01 | quote = Albania 2,994,667 July 2011 est. | ||
}}</ref> or the US state of [[Mississippi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php|title=2010 Resident Population Data|publisher=U. S. Census Bureau|access-date=2011-09-30| quote =Mississippi 2,967,297 | }}</ref> or the US state of [[Mississippi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php|title=2010 Resident Population Data|publisher=U. S. Census Bureau|access-date=2011-09-30| quote =Mississippi 2,967,297 | ||
}}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 124th in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus/> The district has a population density of {{convert| 956 |PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}} .<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001-2011 was 22.9%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Uttar Dinajpur has a [[sex ratio]] of 936 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of | }}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 124th in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus/> The district has a population density of {{convert| 956 |PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}} .<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001-2011 was 22.9%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Uttar Dinajpur has a [[sex ratio]] of 936 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 59.1%. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 26.87% and 5.41% of the population respectively.<ref name=districtcensus/><ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zc77I8CMgTYC&q=surjapuri+west+bengal&pg=PA508 |title = The Handbook of Historical Sociolinguistics|isbn = 9781118257265|last1 = Hernández-Campoy|first1 = Juan Manuel|last2 = Conde-Silvestre|first2 = Juan Camilo|date = 15 February 2012}}</ref> 2,644,906 were rural and 362,228 were urban.<ref name="districtcensus" /> | ||
[[Bengali language|Bengali]] is the main language but a sizeable number of [[Urdu]], [[Hindi]] and [[Maithili language|Maithili]] speaking people live in Islampur sub-division. It is one of the most backward districts of India educationally and economically owing to state neglect. The dialects here are spoken throughout North Bengal and are variously called Kamatpuri, Dinajpuri or Surjapuri. | |||
According to the 2011 census, 68.06% of the population spoke [[Bengali language|Bengali]], 13.22% [[Surjapuri language|Surjapuri]], 9.48% [[Urdu]], 3.77% [[Santali language|Santali]], 3.76% [[Hindi]] and 1.03% [[Rangpuri language|Rajbongshi]] as their first language.<ref name="m" /><ref name="censusindia" /> | According to the 2011 census, 68.06% of the population spoke [[Bengali language|Bengali]], 13.22% [[Surjapuri language|Surjapuri]], 9.48% [[Urdu]], 3.77% [[Santali language|Santali]], 3.76% [[Hindi]] and 1.03% [[Rangpuri language|Rajbongshi]] as their first language.<ref name="m" /><ref name="censusindia" /> | ||
==Education== | |||
As of 2012, there were 3282 schools in the Uttar Dinajpur district. 3100 of these are in rural areas, and 182 urban.<ref>{{cite web|title=List of Schools in Uttar Dinajpur, West Bengal|url=https://allindiafacts.com/school/west-bengal/uttar-dinajpur.html|website=All India Facts|access-date=30 January 2018}}</ref> | |||
There is '''Raiganj University''' in Uttar Dinajpur situated at Raiganj | |||
Others general degree and diploma colleges are here also. | |||
Some notable colleges such as: | |||
* [[Chopra Kamala Paul Smriti Mahavidyalaya]] | |||
* [[Dr. Meghnad Saha College]] | |||
* [[Islampur College]] | |||
* [[Islampur Government Polytechnic]] | |||
* [[Kaliyaganj College]] | |||
* [[Raiganj Government Medical College and Hospital]] | |||
* [[Raiganj Polytechnic]] | |||
* [[Raiganj Surendranath Mahavidyalaya]] | |||
* [[Shree Agrasen Mahavidyalaya]] | |||
==Flora and fauna== | ==Flora and fauna== | ||
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== Transport == | == Transport == | ||
Major railway stations are [[Raiganj railway station|Raiganj(RGJ)]], | Major railway stations are [[Raiganj railway station|Raiganj(RGJ)]], [[Radhikapur railway station|Radhikapur]] (RDP), [[Kaliaganj|Kaliyagunj]], [[Dalkolha]] and [[Aluabari Road Junction railway station|Aluabari Road Jn]] (Islampur). [[Dalkolha]] is most important stoppage of long-distance train.{{citation needed|date=November 2019}} NH 27 and NH 12 are two National Highways in this District.{{citation needed|date=November 2019}} Radhikapur-Kolkata (RDP-KOAA) Express train and Radhikapur-Howrah Kulik Express (RDP-HWH) are the two direct train for Raiganj to South Bengal Communication. Although RDP-SGUJ DEMU is the only direct train for Raiganj to North Bengal Communication. [[North Bengal State Transport Corporation|NBSTC]], [[South Bengal State Transport Corporation|SBSTC]] are transport corporations serving the area.{{citation needed|date=November 2019}} Siliguri More is that point zone which connect four district zone North Dinajpur, South Dinajpur, North Bengal and South Bengal through High Ways. | ||
== | == Tourism == | ||
* [[Raiganj Wildlife Sanctuary]], the largest bird sanctuary of Asia | |||
* Swaminath Temple at Swaminath | |||
* Rajbari at Rajbari Gate | |||
* Shiv Mandir at [[Itahar, Uttar Dinajpur|Itahar]] | |||
* Danhasori Pithasthal at Chandigram | |||
* Shree Shree Ma Bhabani Devi Than at Bouaha | |||
*Shidhi binayak Mandir at, [[Maharaja Hat]] | |||
== See also == | == See also == | ||
Revision as of 18:54, 26 April 2022
Uttar Dinajpur District | |
|---|---|
From top-left: Durgapur Rajbari, Mohanta Masjid near Goyalpara, Pramateshwar Mahadeb Mondir, Kulik Bird Sanctuary, Pirpukur Dargah in Raiganj | |
| Error creating thumbnail: File missing Location in West Bengal | |
| Coordinates: 25°37′N 88°07′E / 25.62°N 88.12°E | |
| Country |  India |
| State | File:..West Bengal Flag(INDIA).png West Bengal |
| Division | Malda |
| Headquarters | Raiganj |
| Government | |
| • Lok Sabha constituencies | Raiganj |
| • Vidhan Sabha constituencies | Chopra, Islampur, Goalpokhar, Chakulia, Karandighi, Hemtabad, Kaliaganj, Raiganj, Itahar |
| Area | |
| • Total | 3,142 km2 (1,213 sq mi) |
| Population (2011) | |
| • Total | 3,007,134 |
| Demographics | |
| • Literacy | 59.1 % |
| • Sex ratio | 939 |
| Time zone | UTC+05:30 (IST) |
| Major highways | NH 27, NH 12 |
| Poverty (2020) | 28.36% below poverty line |
| Website | uttardinajpur |
Uttar Dinajpur (Bengali pronunciation: [utor dinadʒpur]) is a district of the Indian state of West Bengal. Created on 1 April 1992 by the division of the erstwhile West Dinajpur district, it comprises two subdivisions: Raiganj and Islampur.
History
Undivided Dinajpur district was part of the Pundra kingdom. The whole of Pundra was part of the Mauryan empire, and Jainism was spread in the region in the fourth century BCE. Their capital was at Pundrabardhan (now in Bangladesh), and two other ancient towns were Gourpur and Kotibarsha, now called Bangarh. Later multiple inscriptions show how the Guptas also controlled Pundra. The district was then under Pala rule from 750 CE. The Senas overthrew the Palas in 1143. In 1204, Bakhtiyar Khilji defeated the Senas and had Bangarh as its capital. After his murder, it was controlled by various governors sent by the Delhi Sultan from Gauda. In 1586, Akbar conquered Bengal and Dinajpur was controlled by the sarkars of Tajpur and Panjara. In 1765, it fell under the rule of the East India Company and was ruled from Murshidabad. In the later part of the 18th century, the district was home to the Sanyasi-Fakir rebellion until the early 19th century. The district remained relatively peaceful all through the rest of the 1800s. In 1905, the people of Dinajpur district protested against the Partition of Bengal. They participated in the Freedom struggle by refusing to pay tax, doing hartals, and launching agitations. In 1947, Dinajpur district was split between India and Pakistan with West Dinajpur remaining with India. In 1992, West Dinajpur district was bifurcated to form Uttar Dinajpur and Dakshin Dinajpur districts.[1]
Geography
Uttar Dinajpur district lies between latitude 25°11' N to 26°49' N and longitude 87°49' E to 90°00' E occupying an area of 3,142 km2 (1,213 sq mi) enclosed by Panchagarh, Thakurgaon and Dinajpur districts of Bangladesh on the east, Kishanganj, Purnia and Katihar districts of Bihar on the west, Darjeeling district and Jalpaiguri district on the north and Malda district and Dakshin Dinajpur district on the south. Uttar Dinajpur is well connected with the rest of the state through National Highways, State Highways and Railways. NH-27 and NH-12 pass through the heart of the district.
The regional topography is generally flat with a gentle southerly slope towards which the main rivers like Kulik, Nagar, Mahananda. The District forms a part of the basin lying between Rajmahal hills on the east. The older alluvium is estimated to be Pleistocene age. Uttar Dinajpur is bestowed with a very fertile soil. The soil is very rich in nature due to the alluvial deposition which helps to grow Paddy, Jute, Mesta and Sugarcane etc. Raiganj on the banks of the River Kulik is the District Headquarters where the Raiganj Wildlife Sanctuary, the second largest bird sanctuary in Asia, is situated. In Uttar Dinajpur district, there are two sub-divisions, Raiganj and Islampur, 110 km (68 mi) apart from each other. There are four municipalities, nine blocks and 99 Panchayats covering 1577 villages.
Economy
In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Uttar Dinajpur one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640).[2] It is one of the eleven districts in West Bengal currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).[2] but now Dalkhola the main commercial, business town with well connected railway and roadways. increasing the economy of Dalkhola and Uttar Dinajpur District.
Divisions
Sub-divisions
Uttar Dinajpur District comprises two subdivisions:
Assembly constituencies
The district is divided into nine assembly constituencies:[3]
- Chopra (assembly constituency no. 28),
- Islampur (assembly constituency no. 29),
- Goalpokhar (assembly constituency no. 30),
- Karandighi (assembly constituency no. 32),
- Raiganj (SC) (assembly constituency no. 35),
- Kaliaganj (SC) (assembly constituency no. 33),
- Itahar (assembly constituency no. 34)
- Chakulia (assembly constituency no. 31)
- Hemtabad (assembly constituency no.33 )
Raiganj and Kaliaganj constituencies are reserved for Scheduled Castes (SC) candidates. Along with five assembly constituencies from Darjeeling district, Chopra and Islampur constituencies form the Darjeeling (Lok Sabha constituency). Goalpokhar, Karandighi, Raiganj and Itahar constituencies are part of the Raiganj (Lok Sabha constituency), which also contains three assembly constituencies from Malda district. Along with six assembly constituencies from South Dinajpur district, Kaliaganj forms the Balurghat (Lok Sabha constituency).
Impact of delimitation of constituencies
As per order of the Delimitation Commission in respect of the delimitation of constituencies in the West Bengal, the district will be divided into nine assembly constituencies:[4]
- Chopra (assembly constituency no. 28),
- Islampur (assembly constituency no. 29),
- Goalpokhar (assembly constituency no. 30),
- Chakulia (assembly constituency no. 31),
- Karandighi (assembly constituency no. 32),
- Hemtabad (SC) (assembly constituency no. 33),
- Kaliaganj (SC) (assembly constituency no. 34),
- Raiganj (assembly constituency no. 35),
- Itahar (assembly constituency no. 36)
Hemtabad and Kaliaganj constituencies will be reserved for Scheduled Castes (SC) candidates. Along with six assembly constituencies from Darjeeling district, Chopra constituency will form the Darjeeling (Lok Sabha constituency). Islampur, Goalpokhar, Chakulia, Karandighi, Hemtabad, Kaliaganj and Raiganj constituencies will form the Raiganj (Lok Sabha constituency). Along with six assembly constituencies from South Dinajpur district, Itahar will form the Balurghat (Lok Sabha constituency).
Demographics
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 1901 | 401,121 | — |
| 1911 | 428,300 | +0.66% |
| 1921 | 376,366 | −1.28% |
| 1931 | 403,576 | +0.70% |
| 1941 | 451,684 | +1.13% |
| 1951 | 528,607 | +1.59% |
| 1961 | 760,199 | +3.70% |
| 1971 | 1,087,269 | +3.64% |
| 1981 | 1,415,653 | +2.67% |
| 1991 | 1,897,045 | +2.97% |
| 2001 | 2,441,794 | +2.56% |
| 2011 | 3,007,134 | +2.10% |
| source:[5] | ||
According to the 2011 census Uttar Dinajpur district has a population of 3,007,134,[1] roughly equal to the nation of Albania[9] or the US state of Mississippi.[10] This gives it a ranking of 124th in India (out of a total of 640).[1] The district has a population density of 956 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,480/sq mi) .[1] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 22.9%.[1] Uttar Dinajpur has a sex ratio of 936 females for every 1000 males,[1] and a literacy rate of 59.1%. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 26.87% and 5.41% of the population respectively.[1][11] 2,644,906 were rural and 362,228 were urban.[1]
Bengali is the main language but a sizeable number of Urdu, Hindi and Maithili speaking people live in Islampur sub-division. It is one of the most backward districts of India educationally and economically owing to state neglect. The dialects here are spoken throughout North Bengal and are variously called Kamatpuri, Dinajpuri or Surjapuri.
According to the 2011 census, 68.06% of the population spoke Bengali, 13.22% Surjapuri, 9.48% Urdu, 3.77% Santali, 3.76% Hindi and 1.03% Rajbongshi as their first language.[7][8]
Education
As of 2012, there were 3282 schools in the Uttar Dinajpur district. 3100 of these are in rural areas, and 182 urban.[12]
There is Raiganj University in Uttar Dinajpur situated at Raiganj
Others general degree and diploma colleges are here also.
Some notable colleges such as:
- Chopra Kamala Paul Smriti Mahavidyalaya
- Dr. Meghnad Saha College
- Islampur College
- Islampur Government Polytechnic
- Kaliyaganj College
- Raiganj Government Medical College and Hospital
- Raiganj Polytechnic
- Raiganj Surendranath Mahavidyalaya
- Shree Agrasen Mahavidyalaya
Flora and fauna
In 1985 Uttar Dinajpur district became home to the Raiganj Wildlife Sanctuary, which has an area of 1.3 km2 (0.5 sq mi).[13]
Transport
Major railway stations are Raiganj(RGJ), Radhikapur (RDP), Kaliyagunj, Dalkolha and Aluabari Road Jn (Islampur). Dalkolha is most important stoppage of long-distance train.[citation needed] NH 27 and NH 12 are two National Highways in this District.[citation needed] Radhikapur-Kolkata (RDP-KOAA) Express train and Radhikapur-Howrah Kulik Express (RDP-HWH) are the two direct train for Raiganj to South Bengal Communication. Although RDP-SGUJ DEMU is the only direct train for Raiganj to North Bengal Communication. NBSTC, SBSTC are transport corporations serving the area.[citation needed] Siliguri More is that point zone which connect four district zone North Dinajpur, South Dinajpur, North Bengal and South Bengal through High Ways.
Tourism
- Raiganj Wildlife Sanctuary, the largest bird sanctuary of Asia
- Swaminath Temple at Swaminath
- Rajbari at Rajbari Gate
- Shiv Mandir at Itahar
- Danhasori Pithasthal at Chandigram
- Shree Shree Ma Bhabani Devi Than at Bouaha
- Shidhi binayak Mandir at, Maharaja Hat
See also
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 "District Census 2011" (PDF). censusindia.gov.in. 2011. Retrieved 30 September 2011.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Ministry of Panchayati Raj (8 September 2009). "A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme" (PDF). National Institute of Rural Development. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 April 2012. Retrieved 27 September 2011.
- ↑ "General election to the Legislative Assembly, 2001 – List of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies" (PDF). West Bengal. Election Commission of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 April 2008. Retrieved 16 November 2008.
- ↑ "Press Note, Delimitation Commission" (PDF). Assembly Constituencies in West Bengal. Delimitation Commission. Retrieved 16 November 2008.
- ↑ Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901
- ↑ "C-1 Population By Religious Community". censusindia.gov.in. Retrieved 20 April 2021.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 "C-16 Population By Mother Tongue". censusindia.gov.in. Retrieved 20 April 2021.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 "DISTRIBUTION OF THE 22 SCHEDULED LANGUAGES-INDIA/STATES/UNION TERRITORIES - 2011 CENSUS" (PDF).
{{cite web}}:|archive-date=requires|archive-url=(help) - ↑ US Directorate of Intelligence. "Country Comparison:Population". Retrieved 1 October 2011.
Albania 2,994,667 July 2011 est.
- ↑ "2010 Resident Population Data". U. S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 30 September 2011.
Mississippi 2,967,297
- ↑ Hernández-Campoy, Juan Manuel; Conde-Silvestre, Juan Camilo (15 February 2012). The Handbook of Historical Sociolinguistics. ISBN 9781118257265.
- ↑ "List of Schools in Uttar Dinajpur, West Bengal". All India Facts. Retrieved 30 January 2018.
- ↑ Indian Ministry of Forests and Environment. "Protected areas: West Bengal". Archived from the original on 23 August 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2011.
External links
Cities, towns and locations in Uttar Dinajpur District | |||||
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Template:Minority Concentrated Districts in India 25°37′N 88°07′E / 25.62°N 88.12°E