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{{Short description|District in West Bengal, India}} | |||
{{About|the district|its eponymous headquarters|Howrah|other uses|Howrah (disambiguation)}} | {{About|the district|its eponymous headquarters|Howrah|other uses|Howrah (disambiguation)}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date= | {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2026}} | ||
{{Use Indian English|date= | {{Use Indian English|date=January 2026}} | ||
{{Infobox settlement | {{Infobox settlement | ||
| name = Howrah | | name = Howrah district | ||
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of West Bengal|District of West Bengal]] | | native_name = | ||
| other_name = | |||
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of West Bengal|District]] of [[West Bengal]] | |||
| image_skyline = {{ Photomontage | | image_skyline = {{Photomontage | ||
|photo1a = Belur Math - Ramakrishna Math and around, Howrah, Kolkata- IRCTC 2017 (20).jpg | |photo1a = Belur Math - Ramakrishna Math and around, Howrah, Kolkata- IRCTC 2017 (20).jpg | ||
|photo1b = | |photo1b = Andul Road & Danesh Sheikh Lane Junction - Howrah 050069.JPG | ||
|photo2a = | |photo2a = Tarani Majhi Ghat at Raspur, Amta 05.jpg | ||
|photo2b = | |photo2b = Santragachi Lake - Howrah 2013-01-25 3601.JPG | ||
|photo3a = | |photo3a = Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Indian Botanic Garden - Howrah 2011-01-08 9744.JPG | ||
|size= | |photo3b = Howrah Station.jpg | ||
|size = 300 | |||
|foot_montage = Clockwise from top-left: [[Belur Math]], Andul Road and Danesh Sheikh Junction in [[Howrah]], [[Santragachhi]] Lake, [[Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Indian Botanic Garden]], Tarani Majhi Ghat at Raspur, [[Howrah railway station]] | |||
}} | }} | ||
| image_map = Howrah in West Bengal (India).svg | |||
| image_map = | | mapsize = 300 | ||
| map_caption = Location of Howrah district in West Bengal | |||
| | |||
| map_caption = Location in West Bengal | |||
| coordinates = {{coord|22.5736296|N|88.3251045|E|display=inline,title|region:IN-WB}} | | coordinates = {{coord|22.5736296|N|88.3251045|E|display=inline,title|region:IN-WB}} | ||
| subdivision_type = Country | | subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]] | ||
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}} | | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}} | ||
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]] | | subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]] | ||
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image| | | subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|Emblem of West Bengal (Banglarmukh) before 2018.png}} [[West Bengal]] | ||
| subdivision_type2 = [[Administrative divisions of | | subdivision_type2 = [[Administrative divisions of West Bengal|Division]] | ||
| subdivision_name2 = [[Presidency division|Presidency]] | | subdivision_name2 = [[Presidency division|Presidency]] | ||
| seat_type = Headquarters | | seat_type = Headquarters | ||
| seat = [[Howrah]] | | seat = [[Howrah]] | ||
| | | leader_title = [[List of subdivisions of West Bengal|Subdivisions]] | ||
| | | leader_name = [[Howrah Sadar subdivision|Howrah Sadar]], [[Uluberia subdivision|Uluberia]] | ||
| | | leader_title1 = [[Community Development Block|CD Blocks]] | ||
| leader_name1 = [[Bally Jagachha]], [[Domjur (community development block)|Domjur]], [[Panchla (community development block)|Panchla]], [[Sankrail (community development block)|Sankrail]], [[Jagatballavpur (community development block)|Jagatballavpur]], [[Amta I]], [[Amta II]], [[Bagnan I]], [[Bagnan II]], [[Uluberia I]], [[Uluberia II]], [[Shyampur I]], [[Shyampur II]], [[Udaynarayanpur]] | |||
| leader_title2 = [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha constituencies]] | |||
| leader_name2 = [[Howrah (Lok Sabha constituency)|Howrah]], [[Uluberia (Lok Sabha constituency)|Uluberia]], [[Serampore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Serampore]] | |||
| leader_title3 = [[List of constituencies of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly|Vidhan Sabha constituencies]] | |||
| leader_name3 = [[Howrah Uttar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Howrah Uttar]], [[Howrah Madhya (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Howrah Madhya]], [[Shibpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Shibpur]], [[Howrah Dakshin (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Howrah Dakshin]], [[Bally (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bally]], [[Sankrail (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sankrail]], [[Panchla (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Panchla]], [[Uluberia Purba (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Uluberia Purba]], [[Uluberia Uttar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Uluberia Uttar]], [[Uluberia Dakshin (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Uluberia Dakshin]], [[Shyampur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Shyampur]], [[Bagnan (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bagnan]], [[Amta (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Amta]], [[Udaynarayanpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Udaynarayanpur]], [[Jagatballavpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Jagatballavpur]], [[Domjur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Domjur]] | |||
| total_type = Total | |||
| area_total_km2 = 1467 | | area_total_km2 = 1467 | ||
| area_footnotes = | | area_footnotes = | ||
| Line 46: | Line 44: | ||
| population_total = 4,850,029 | | population_total = 4,850,029 | ||
| population_footnotes = | | population_footnotes = | ||
| population_urban = | | population_urban = 3074144 | ||
| population_density_km2 = auto | | population_density_km2 = auto | ||
| demographics_type1 = Demographics | | demographics_type1 = Demographics | ||
| demographics1_title1 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]] | | demographics1_title1 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]] | ||
| demographics1_info1 = 83.31 | | demographics1_info1 = 83.31 per cent | ||
| demographics1_title2 = Sex ratio | | demographics1_title2 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]] | ||
| demographics1_info2 = 935 | | demographics1_info2 = 935 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]] | ||
| demographics_type2 = Languages | |||
| demographics2_title1 = Official | |||
| demographics2_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]<ref name="wblangoff">{{cite web|title=Fact and Figures|url=https://wb.gov.in/portal/web/guest/facts-and-figures;jsessionid=JzdD9RHb7aMY5esZPtcsIVLy|website=Wb.gov.in|access-date=5 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=Nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=5 July 2019|page=85|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref> | |||
| demographics2_title2 = Additional official | |||
| | | demographics2_info2 = [[English language|English]]<ref name="wblangoff"/> | ||
| | |||
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | ||
| utc_offset1 = +05:30 | | utc_offset1 = +05:30 | ||
| website = {{URL|https://howrah.gov.in/}} | |||
| website = {{ | |||
}} | }} | ||
'''Howrah district''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|h|aʊ|r|ə}}, {{IPA | '''Howrah district''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|h|aʊ|r|ə}}, {{IPA|bn|ˈɦao̯ɽa|lang}}) is a district of the [[West Bengal]] state in eastern [[India]]. Howrah district is one of the highly urbanised area of West Bengal. It has thousands of years of rich heritage in the form of the great Bengali kingdom of [[Bhurshut]]. The district is named after its headquarters, the city of [[Howrah]].<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20050907115747/http://www.nicd.org/Dst_Howrah.asp Howrah<!-- Bot generated title -->]}}</ref> | ||
==Geography== | ==Geography== | ||
[[File:Map of Howrah district .svg|300px|thumb|Map of Howrah District|left]] | [[File:Map of Howrah district .svg|300px|thumb|Map of Howrah District|left]] | ||
The Howrah district lies between 22°48′ N and 22°12′ N latitudes and between 88°23′ E and 87°50′ E longitudes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.howrah.gov.in/Templates/geography.htm|title=Geographical location of Howrah district and its headquarters|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081223172520/http://howrah.gov.in/Templates/geography.htm|archive-date=23 December 2008 | The Howrah district lies between 22°48′ N and 22°12′ N latitudes and between 88°23′ E and 87°50′ E longitudes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.howrah.gov.in/Templates/geography.htm|title=Geographical location of Howrah district and its headquarters|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081223172520/http://howrah.gov.in/Templates/geography.htm|archive-date=23 December 2008}}</ref> The district is bounded by the [[Hooghly River]] and the [[North 24 Parganas]] and [[South 24 Parganas]] districts on the east, on the north by the [[Hooghly district]] (Arambagh and Shrirampur sub-divisions), and on the south by [[Midnapore East]] district ([[Tamluk]] sub-division). On the west Howrah district is bordered by the Ghatal sub-division of [[Midnapore West]] district, and partly by the Arambagh sub-division of Hooghly district to the north-west, and the Tamluk sub-division of [[Midnapore East]] district to the south-west. | ||
Boundaries of the district are naturally determined by [[Rupnarayan River]] on west and south-west, and by [[Hooghly river|Bhagirathi-Hooghly river]] on east and south-east side. On north side, the boundary is an artificial one except for Bally Canal on north-east and [[Damodar River]] on north-west.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.howrah.gov.in/Templates/Howrah%20history.htm|title=Howrah, the second largest city of West Bengal and twin of Kolkata is said to have a rich history that dates back to 500 years|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071220200439/http://howrah.gov.in/Templates/Howrah%20history.htm|archive-date=20 December 2007|url-status=dead | Boundaries of the district are naturally determined by [[Rupnarayan River]] on west and south-west, and by [[Hooghly river|Bhagirathi-Hooghly river]] on east and south-east side. On north side, the boundary is an artificial one except for Bally Canal on north-east and [[Damodar River]] on north-west.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.howrah.gov.in/Templates/Howrah%20history.htm|title=Howrah, the second largest city of West Bengal and twin of Kolkata is said to have a rich history that dates back to 500 years|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071220200439/http://howrah.gov.in/Templates/Howrah%20history.htm|archive-date=20 December 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> | ||
Annual normal rainfall is 1461 millimetre per year. Annual maximum temperature varies between 32-39 °C, whereas minimum temperature varies between 8-10 °C. | Annual normal rainfall is 1461 millimetre per year. Annual maximum temperature varies between 32-39 °C, whereas minimum temperature varies between 8-10 °C. | ||
| Line 86: | Line 78: | ||
|url=http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_16.htm | |url=http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_16.htm | ||
|title=Population, Decadal Growth Rate, Density and General Sex Ratio by Residence and Sex, West Bengal/ District/ Sub District, 1991 and 2001 | |title=Population, Decadal Growth Rate, Density and General Sex Ratio by Residence and Sex, West Bengal/ District/ Sub District, 1991 and 2001 | ||
|access-date=12 October 2008 | |access-date=12 October 2008 |work=West Bengal | ||
|publisher=Directorate of census operations | |publisher=Directorate of census operations | ||
|url-status=dead | |url-status=dead | ||
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928204740/http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_16.htm | |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928204740/http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_16.htm | ||
|archive-date=28 September 2011 | |archive-date=28 September 2011 | ||
}}</ref> The district has 30 police stations (Howrah Police Commissionerate has 16 general police stations including 1 Women PS, 1 Cyber Crime PS and Howrah Rural PD has 10 general police stations including 1 Women PS, 1 Cyber Crime PS), 157 gram panchayats<ref name=blocdir>{{cite web | }}</ref> The district has 30 police stations (Howrah Police Commissionerate has 16 general police stations including 1 Women PS, 1 Cyber Crime PS and Howrah Rural PD has 10 general police stations including 1 Women PS, 1 Cyber Crime PS), 157 gram panchayats<ref name=blocdir>{{cite web | ||
|url=http://wbdemo5.nic.in/writereaddata/Directoryof_District_Block_GPs(RevisedMarch-2008).doc | |url=http://wbdemo5.nic.in/writereaddata/Directoryof_District_Block_GPs(RevisedMarch-2008).doc | ||
|title=Directory of District, Sub division, Panchayat Samiti/ Block and Gram Panchayats in West Bengal, March 2008 | |title=Directory of District, Sub division, Panchayat Samiti/ Block and Gram Panchayats in West Bengal, March 2008 | ||
|date=19 March 2008 | |date=19 March 2008 |access-date=11 November 2008 |work=West Bengal | ||
|publisher=National Informatics Centre, India | |publisher=National Informatics Centre, India | ||
|url-status=dead | |url-status=dead | ||
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090225032419/http://wbdemo5.nic.in/writereaddata/Directoryof_District_Block_GPs%28RevisedMarch-2008%29.doc | |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090225032419/http://wbdemo5.nic.in/writereaddata/Directoryof_District_Block_GPs%28RevisedMarch-2008%29.doc | ||
|archive-date=25 February 2009 | |archive-date=25 February 2009 | ||
}}</ref> and 50 census towns. | }}</ref> and 50 census towns. | ||
| Line 124: | Line 111: | ||
| [[Uluberia|Uluberia Municipality]] || [[Uluberia subdivision|Uluberia]] || Municipality || | | [[Uluberia|Uluberia Municipality]] || [[Uluberia subdivision|Uluberia]] || Municipality || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Amta I]] || [[Uluberia subdivision|Uluberia]] || CD Block || CD block consists of rural area | | [[Amta I]] || [[Uluberia subdivision|Uluberia]] || CD Block || CD block consists of rural area with 13 gram panchayats and Two census town: Amta and Guzarpur | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Amta II]] || [[Uluberia subdivision|Uluberia]] || CD Block || CD block consists of rural area only with 14 gram panchayats | | [[Amta II]] || [[Uluberia subdivision|Uluberia]] || CD Block || CD block consists of rural area only with 14 gram panchayats and three census town: Khorop, Narit and Joypur | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Bagnan I]] || [[Uluberia subdivision|Uluberia]] || CD Block || CD block consists of rural area with 10 gram panchayats and two census towns: [[Khalor]] and [[Bagnan]] | | [[Bagnan I]] || [[Uluberia subdivision|Uluberia]] || CD Block || CD block consists of rural area with 10 gram panchayats and two census towns: [[Khalor]] and [[Bagnan]] | ||
| Line 144: | Line 131: | ||
==Demographics== | ==Demographics== | ||
{{See also| List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate}} | |||
{{historical populations|11=1901|12=8,50,514|13=1911|14=9,43,502|15=1921|16=9,97,403|17=1931|18=10,98,867|19=1941|20=14,90,304|21=1951|22=16,11,373|23=1961|24=20,38,477|25=1971|26=24,17,286|27=1981|28=29,66,861|29=1991|30=37,29,644|31=2001|32=42,73,099|33=2011|34=48,50,029|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=center}} | |||
According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] Howrah district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 4,850,029,<ref name=districtcensus>{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=District Census Handbook: Howrah |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1356/download/4438/DH_2011_1915_PART_A_DCHB_HAORA.pdf |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref> roughly equal to the nation of [[Singapore]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070613004507/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = 13 June 2007 | access-date = 1 October 2011 | quote = Singapore 4,740,737 July 2011 est. | |||
}}</ref> or the US state of [[Alabama]].<ref>{{cite web | |||
|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php | |||
|title=2010 Resident Population Data | |||
|publisher=U. S. Census Bureau | |||
|access-date=30 September 2011 |quote=Alabama 4,779,736 | |||
|url-status=dead | |||
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019160532/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php | |||
|archive-date=19 October 2013 | |||
}}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 23rd in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus/> The district has a population density of {{convert| 3306 |PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}}.<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001-2011 was 13.31%.<ref name=districtcensus/> 63.38% of the population lives in urban areas. Haora has a [[sex ratio]] of 935 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 83.85%. 63.38% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 14.82% and 0.31% of the population respectively.<ref name=districtcensus/> | |||
Total area in Howrah District is 1467 km<sup>2</sup>. Total population is 4,273,099 as per census 2001 records. 57.91% of the population live in Howrah Sadar subdivision and rest 42.09% live in Uluberia subdivision. Population Density: 2913 per km<sup>2</sup>. | |||
=== Religion === | |||
{{bar box | {{bar box | ||
|title=Religions of Howrah District (2011)<ref name=" | |title=Religions of Howrah District (2011)<ref name="religion"/> | ||
|titlebar=#Fcd116 | |titlebar=#Fcd116 | ||
|left1=Religion | |left1=Religion | ||
| Line 151: | Line 156: | ||
|float=right | |float=right | ||
|bars= | |bars= | ||
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|72. | {{bar percent|[[Hinduism in West Bengal|Hinduism]]|darkorange|72.90}} | ||
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|green|26. | {{bar percent|[[Islam in West Bengal|Islam]]|green|26.20}} | ||
{{bar percent| | {{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.90}} | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{ | |||
| | {| class="wikitable sortable" | ||
| | |+Religion in Howrah district | ||
!Religion | |||
!Population (1941)<ref name="1941religion">{{cite web |title=CENSUS OF INDIA, 1941 VOLUME VI BENGAL PROVINCE |url=https://dspace.gipe.ac.in/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10973/37365/GIPE-020591.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y |access-date=13 August 2022}}</ref>{{rp|75}} | |||
!Percentage (1941) | |||
!Population (2011)<ref name="religion">{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: West Bengal |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11396/download/14509/DDW19C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref> | |||
!Percentage (2011) | |||
|- | |||
|[[Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|16x16px]] | |||
|1,184,863 | |||
|79.50% | |||
|3,535,844 | |||
|72.90% | |||
|- | |||
|[[Islam]] [[File:Star_and_Crescent.svg|15x15px]] | |||
|296,325 | |||
|19.88% | |||
|1,270,641 | |||
|26.20% | |||
|- | |||
|Others{{efn|Including [[Jainism]], [[Christianity]], [[Buddhism]], [[Zoroastrianism]], [[Judaism]], [[Ad-Dharmi]]s, or not stated}} | |||
|9,116 | |||
|0.61% | |||
|43,544 | |||
|0.90% | |||
|- | |||
|'''Total Population''' | |||
|'''1,490,304''' | |||
|'''100%''' | |||
|'''4,850,029''' | |||
|'''100%''' | |||
|} | |||
Hindus are the majority population. Muslims, unlike the rest of Bengal, are more concentrated in urban areas than Hindus. Muslims are a significant minority in Panchla (46.62%), Uluberia I (43.92%), Uluberia II (39.36%) and Bagnan I (36.74%) blocks and make up a significant minority (44.79%) in Uluberia city.<ref name="religion" />[[File:Howrah Municipal Corporation - Howrah 050032.JPG|thumb|Howrah Municipal Corporation]] | |||
===Language=== | |||
{{Pie chart | |||
|thumb = right | |||
|caption = Languages of Howrah District (2011)<ref name="languages"/> | |||
|label1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]] |value1 = 84.99 |color1 = orchid | |label1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]] |value1 = 84.99 |color1 = orchid | ||
|label2 = [[Hindi]] |value2 = 10.92 |color2 = | |label2 = [[Hindi]] |value2 = 10.92 |color2 = orange | ||
|label3 = [[Urdu]] |value3 = 2.86 |color3 = | |label3 = [[Urdu]] |value3 = 2.86 |color3 = green | ||
|label4 = Others |value4 = 1.23 |color4 = | |label4 = Others |value4 = 1.23 |color4 = grey | ||
}} | }} | ||
According to the 2011 census, 84.99% of the population spoke [[Bengali language|Bengali]], 10.92% [[Hindi]] and 2.86% [[Urdu]] as their first language. Hindi and Urdu are mainly spoken in urban areas.<ref name="languages">{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: West Bengal|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10226/download/13338/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-1900.XLSX|website=www.censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref> | |||
[[ | |||
==Assembly constituencies== | ==Assembly constituencies== | ||
{{see also|List of constituencies of West Bengal Legislative Assembly}} | {{see also|List of constituencies of West Bengal Legislative Assembly}} | ||
The district is divided into 16 [[assembly constituency|assembly constituencies]]:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S25/WB_ACPC.pdf |title=General election to the Legislative Assembly, 2001 – List of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies |access-date=19 November 2008 |work=West Bengal |publisher=Election Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080411104739/http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S25/WB_ACPC.pdf |archive-date=11 April 2008 | The district is divided into 16 [[assembly constituency|assembly constituencies]]:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S25/WB_ACPC.pdf |title=General election to the Legislative Assembly, 2001 – List of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies |access-date=19 November 2008 |work=West Bengal |publisher=Election Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080411104739/http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S25/WB_ACPC.pdf |archive-date=11 April 2008 }}</ref> Sankrail and Uluberia North constituencies will remain reserved for [[Scheduled castes and scheduled tribes|Scheduled Castes (SC)]] candidates. The division is represented in the [[Lok Sabha]] by the [[Howrah (Lok Sabha constituency)]] and [[Uluberia (Lok Sabha constituency)]] . | ||
{| class="wikitable sortable" | {| class="wikitable sortable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
![[List of constituencies of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly|S No.]] | |||
![[List of constituencies of West Bengal Legislative Assembly| | |||
!Name | !Name | ||
!Lok Sabha constituency | !Lok Sabha constituency | ||
!MLA | |||
!colspan="2" |2021 Winner | |||
!colspan="2" |2024 Lead | |||
|- | |- | ||
|169 | | 169 | ||
|[[Bally | | [[Bally Assembly constituency|Bally]] | ||
| | | rowspan="7" |[[Howrah Lok Sabha constituency|Howrah]] | ||
| [[Rana Chatterjee]] | |||
|[[Howrah | |{{Full party name with colour|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=16}} | ||
|{{Full party name with colour|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=16}} | |||
|- | |- | ||
|170 | | 170 | ||
|[[Howrah Uttar | | [[Howrah Uttar Assembly constituency|Howrah Uttar]] | ||
|[[Gautam Chowdhuri]] | |||
|[[ | |||
|- | |- | ||
|171 | | 171 | ||
|[[Howrah Madhya | | [[Howrah Madhya Assembly constituency|Howrah Madhya]] | ||
|[[Arup Roy]] | |||
|[[ | |||
|- | |- | ||
|172 | | 172 | ||
|[[Shibpur | | [[Shibpur Assembly constituency|Shibpur]] | ||
|[[Manoj Tiwary (cricketer)|Manoj Tiwary]] | |||
|[[ | |||
|- | |- | ||
|173 | | 173 | ||
|[[Howrah Dakshin | | [[Howrah Dakshin Assembly constituency|Howrah Dakshin]] | ||
|[[Nandita Chowdhury]] | |||
|[[ | |||
|- | |- | ||
|174 | | 174 | ||
|[[Sankrail ( | | [[Sankrail Assembly constituency|Sankrail (SC)]] | ||
|[[Priya Paul]] | |||
|[[ | |||
|- | |- | ||
|175 | | 175 | ||
|[[Panchla | | [[Panchla Assembly constituency|Panchla]] | ||
|[[Gulsan Mullick]] | |||
|[[ | |||
|- | |- | ||
|176 | | 176 | ||
|[[Uluberia Purba | | [[Uluberia Purba Assembly constituency|Uluberia Purba]] | ||
| | | rowspan="7" |[[Uluberia Lok Sabha constituency|Uluberia]] | ||
|[[Bidesh Ranjan Bose]] | |||
|[[Uluberia | |||
|- | |- | ||
|177 | | 177 | ||
|[[Uluberia Uttar ( | | [[Uluberia Uttar Assembly constituency|Uluberia Uttar (SC)]] | ||
|[[Nirmal Maji]] | |||
|[[ | |||
|- | |- | ||
|178 | | 178 | ||
|[[Uluberia Dakshin | | [[Uluberia Dakshin]] | ||
|[[Pulak Roy]] | |||
|[[ | |||
|- | |- | ||
|179 | | 179 | ||
|[[Shyampur | | [[Shyampur Assembly constituency|Shyampur]] | ||
|[[Kalipada Mandal]] | |||
|[[ | |||
|- | |- | ||
|180 | | 180 | ||
|[[Bagnan | | [[Bagnan Assembly constituency|Bagnan]] | ||
|[[Arunava Sen (politician)|Arunava Sen]] | |||
|[[ | |||
|- | |- | ||
|181 | | 181 | ||
|[[Amta | | [[Amta Assembly constituency|Amta]] | ||
|[[Sukanta Kumar Paul]] | |||
|[[ | |||
|- | |- | ||
|182 | | 182 | ||
|[[Udaynarayanpur | | [[Udaynarayanpur Assembly constituency|Udaynarayanpur]] | ||
|[[Samir Kumar Panja]] | |||
|[[ | |||
|- | |- | ||
|183 | | 183 | ||
|[[Jagatballavpur | | [[Jagatballavpur Assembly constituency|Jagatballavpur]] | ||
| | | rowspan="2" |[[Serampore Lok Sabha constituency|Sreerampur]] | ||
|[[Sitanath Ghosh]] | |||
|[[ | |||
|- | |- | ||
|184 | | 184 | ||
|[[Domjur | | [[Domjur Assembly constituency|Domjur]] | ||
| [[Kalyan Ghosh (politician)|Kalyan Ghosh]] | |||
|[[ | |||
|} | |} | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
*[[2016 Dhulagarh riots]] | *[[2016 Dhulagarh riots]] | ||
==Notes== | |||
{{Notelist}} | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
| Line 299: | Line 301: | ||
== External links == | == External links == | ||
{{commons category}} | {{commons category}} | ||
* | * {{official website|http://howrah.gov.in/}} | ||
* [http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/westbengal/districts/haora.htm Map of Howrah district] | * [http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/westbengal/districts/haora.htm Map of Howrah district] at mapsofindia.com | ||
*[https://wbtourism.gov.in/destination/district/howrah Howrah district] at West Bengal Tourism | |||
{{Geographic location | {{Geographic location | ||
| Line 325: | Line 328: | ||
[[Category:Districts of West Bengal]] | [[Category:Districts of West Bengal]] | ||
[[Category:1843 establishments in British India]] | [[Category:1843 establishments in British India]] | ||
[[Category:Minority | [[Category:Minority concentrated districts in India]] | ||
Revision as of 09:52, 13 February 2026
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Howrah district (/ˈhaʊrə/, bn) is a district of the West Bengal state in eastern India. Howrah district is one of the highly urbanised area of West Bengal. It has thousands of years of rich heritage in the form of the great Bengali kingdom of Bhurshut. The district is named after its headquarters, the city of Howrah.[3]
Geography
The Howrah district lies between 22°48′ N and 22°12′ N latitudes and between 88°23′ E and 87°50′ E longitudes.[4] The district is bounded by the Hooghly River and the North 24 Parganas and South 24 Parganas districts on the east, on the north by the Hooghly district (Arambagh and Shrirampur sub-divisions), and on the south by Midnapore East district (Tamluk sub-division). On the west Howrah district is bordered by the Ghatal sub-division of Midnapore West district, and partly by the Arambagh sub-division of Hooghly district to the north-west, and the Tamluk sub-division of Midnapore East district to the south-west.
Boundaries of the district are naturally determined by Rupnarayan River on west and south-west, and by Bhagirathi-Hooghly river on east and south-east side. On north side, the boundary is an artificial one except for Bally Canal on north-east and Damodar River on north-west.[5]
Annual normal rainfall is 1461 millimetre per year. Annual maximum temperature varies between 32-39 °C, whereas minimum temperature varies between 8-10 °C.
Divisions
Howrah District is split into the Howrah Sadar subdivision and the Uluberia subdivision. The Howrah Sadar subdivision has 1 municipal corporation with 1 municipality and 5 community development (CD) blocks. The Uluberia subdivision has 1 municipality and 9 community development blocks.
Each block consists of a rural area divided into gram panchayats along with census towns.[6] The district has 30 police stations (Howrah Police Commissionerate has 16 general police stations including 1 Women PS, 1 Cyber Crime PS and Howrah Rural PD has 10 general police stations including 1 Women PS, 1 Cyber Crime PS), 157 gram panchayats[7] and 50 census towns.
| Area | Subdivision | Type | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Howrah Municipal Corporation | Howrah Sadar | Municipal Corporation | includes the merged Bally Municipality and total number of wards is sixty six now[8][9] |
| Bally Jagachha | Howrah Sadar | CD Block | consists of rural area with 8 gram panchayats and six census towns: Bally (different from Bally municipality), Chakapara, Chamrail, Eksara, Khalia and Jagadishpur Durgapur-Avoynagar1, Durgapur-Avoynagar2, Nischinda |
| Domjur | Howrah Sadar | CD Block | consists of rural area with 18 gram panchayats and sixteen census towns: Domjur, Dakshin Jhapardaha, Khantora, Bhandardaha, Makardaha, Kantlia, Tentulkuli, Salap, Bankra, Nibra, Ankurhati, Bipra Noapara, Kalara, Kesabpur, Natibpur, and Mahiari |
| Panchla | Howrah Sadar | CD Block | consists of rural area with 11 gram panchayats and seven census towns: Bikihakola, Beldubi, Deulpur, Gangadharpur, Jujersha, Jala-Biswanathpur, Banaharishpur, Chara-Panchla, Panchla, Subharara and Sahapur |
| Sankrail | Howrah Sadar | CD Block | consists of rural area with 16 gram panchayats and fourteen census towns: Argari, Dhuilya, Andul, Ramchandrapur, Podara, Panchpara, Hatgachha, Jhorhat, Banipur, Mashila, Sankrail, Manikpur, Nalpur, Raghudebbati and Sarenga |
| Jagatballavpur | Howrah Sadar | CD Block | consists of rural area with 14 gram panchayats and two census town: Mansinhapur and Munsirhat |
| Uluberia Municipality | Uluberia | Municipality | |
| Amta I | Uluberia | CD Block | CD block consists of rural area with 13 gram panchayats and Two census town: Amta and Guzarpur |
| Amta II | Uluberia | CD Block | CD block consists of rural area only with 14 gram panchayats and three census town: Khorop, Narit and Joypur |
| Bagnan I | Uluberia | CD Block | CD block consists of rural area with 10 gram panchayats and two census towns: Khalor and Bagnan |
| Bagnan II | Uluberia | CD Block | CD block consists of rural area with 7 gram panchayats and one census town: Naupala |
| Uluberia I | Uluberia | CD Block | CD block consists of rural area only with 9 gram panchayats.The most important village is Bar-Mongrajpur under Hatgacha-1 G.P. |
| Uluberia II | Uluberia | CD Block | CD block consists of rural area with 8 gram panchayats and three census towns: Santoshpur, Balaram Pota and Uttar Pirpur |
| Shyampur I | Uluberia | CD Block | CD block consists of rural area only with 10 gram panchayats |
| Shyampur II | Uluberia | CD Block | CD block consists of rural area only with 8 gram panchayats |
| Udaynarayanpur | Uluberia | CD Block | CD block consists of rural area only with 11 gram panchayats |
Demographics
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 1901 | 850,514 | — |
| 1911 | 943,502 | +1.04% |
| 1921 | 997,403 | +0.56% |
| 1931 | 1,098,867 | +0.97% |
| 1941 | 1,490,304 | +3.09% |
| 1951 | 1,611,373 | +0.78% |
| 1961 | 2,038,477 | +2.38% |
| 1971 | 2,417,286 | +1.72% |
| 1981 | 2,966,861 | +2.07% |
| 1991 | 3,729,644 | +2.31% |
| 2001 | 4,273,099 | +1.37% |
| 2011 | 4,850,029 | +1.27% |
| source:[10] | ||
According to the 2011 census Howrah district has a population of 4,850,029,[11] roughly equal to the nation of Singapore[12] or the US state of Alabama.[13] This gives it a ranking of 23rd in India (out of a total of 640).[11] The district has a population density of 3,306 inhabitants per square kilometre (8,560/sq mi).[11] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 13.31%.[11] 63.38% of the population lives in urban areas. Haora has a sex ratio of 935 females for every 1000 males[11] and a literacy rate of 83.85%. 63.38% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 14.82% and 0.31% of the population respectively.[11]
Total area in Howrah District is 1467 km2. Total population is 4,273,099 as per census 2001 records. 57.91% of the population live in Howrah Sadar subdivision and rest 42.09% live in Uluberia subdivision. Population Density: 2913 per km2.
Religion
| Religion | Population (1941)[15]:75 | Percentage (1941) | Population (2011)[14] | Percentage (2011) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Hinduism 
|
1,184,863 | 79.50% | 3,535,844 | 72.90% |
Islam 
|
296,325 | 19.88% | 1,270,641 | 26.20% |
| Others[lower-alpha 1] | 9,116 | 0.61% | 43,544 | 0.90% |
| Total Population | 1,490,304 | 100% | 4,850,029 | 100% |
Hindus are the majority population. Muslims, unlike the rest of Bengal, are more concentrated in urban areas than Hindus. Muslims are a significant minority in Panchla (46.62%), Uluberia I (43.92%), Uluberia II (39.36%) and Bagnan I (36.74%) blocks and make up a significant minority (44.79%) in Uluberia city.[14]
Language
According to the 2011 census, 84.99% of the population spoke Bengali, 10.92% Hindi and 2.86% Urdu as their first language. Hindi and Urdu are mainly spoken in urban areas.[16]
Assembly constituencies
The district is divided into 16 assembly constituencies:[17] Sankrail and Uluberia North constituencies will remain reserved for Scheduled Castes (SC) candidates. The division is represented in the Lok Sabha by the Howrah (Lok Sabha constituency) and Uluberia (Lok Sabha constituency) .
| S No. | Name | Lok Sabha constituency | MLA | 2021 Winner | 2024 Lead | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 169 | Bally | Howrah | Rana Chatterjee | Template:Full party name with colour | Template:Full party name with colour | ||
| 170 | Howrah Uttar | Gautam Chowdhuri | |||||
| 171 | Howrah Madhya | Arup Roy | |||||
| 172 | Shibpur | Manoj Tiwary | |||||
| 173 | Howrah Dakshin | Nandita Chowdhury | |||||
| 174 | Sankrail (SC) | Priya Paul | |||||
| 175 | Panchla | Gulsan Mullick | |||||
| 176 | Uluberia Purba | Uluberia | Bidesh Ranjan Bose | ||||
| 177 | Uluberia Uttar (SC) | Nirmal Maji | |||||
| 178 | Uluberia Dakshin | Pulak Roy | |||||
| 179 | Shyampur | Kalipada Mandal | |||||
| 180 | Bagnan | Arunava Sen | |||||
| 181 | Amta | Sukanta Kumar Paul | |||||
| 182 | Udaynarayanpur | Samir Kumar Panja | |||||
| 183 | Jagatballavpur | Sreerampur | Sitanath Ghosh | ||||
| 184 | Domjur | Kalyan Ghosh | |||||
See also
Notes
- ↑ Including Jainism, Christianity, Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Ad-Dharmis, or not stated
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Fact and Figures". Wb.gov.in. Retrieved 5 July 2019.
- ↑ "52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India" (PDF). Nclm.nic.in. Ministry of Minority Affairs. p. 85. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 5 July 2019.
- ↑ Howrah[usurped]
- ↑ "Geographical location of Howrah district and its headquarters". Archived from the original on 23 December 2008.
- ↑ "Howrah, the second largest city of West Bengal and twin of Kolkata is said to have a rich history that dates back to 500 years". Archived from the original on 20 December 2007.
- ↑ "Population, Decadal Growth Rate, Density and General Sex Ratio by Residence and Sex, West Bengal/ District/ Sub District, 1991 and 2001". West Bengal. Directorate of census operations. Archived from the original on 28 September 2011. Retrieved 12 October 2008.
- ↑ "Directory of District, Sub division, Panchayat Samiti/ Block and Gram Panchayats in West Bengal, March 2008". West Bengal. National Informatics Centre, India. 19 March 2008. Archived from the original on 25 February 2009. Retrieved 11 November 2008.
- ↑ "About HMC – Howrah Municipal Corporation". About HMC. Retrieved 13 January 2021.
- ↑ Basu, Pritesh (5 January 2016). "HMC sets up 'Mayor's Cop' to monitor civic amenities". www.millenniumpost.in. Retrieved 13 January 2021.
- ↑ Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 "District Census Handbook: Howrah" (PDF). censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011.
- ↑ US Directorate of Intelligence. "Country Comparison:Population". Archived from the original on 13 June 2007. Retrieved 1 October 2011.
Singapore 4,740,737 July 2011 est.
- ↑ "2010 Resident Population Data". U. S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 19 October 2013. Retrieved 30 September 2011.
Alabama 4,779,736
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 "Table C-01 Population by Religion: West Bengal". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011.
- ↑ "CENSUS OF INDIA, 1941 VOLUME VI BENGAL PROVINCE" (PDF). Retrieved 13 August 2022.
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 "Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: West Bengal". www.censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
- ↑ "General election to the Legislative Assembly, 2001 – List of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies" (PDF). West Bengal. Election Commission of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 April 2008. Retrieved 19 November 2008.
External links
- howrah
.gov .in - Map of Howrah district at mapsofindia.com
- Howrah district at West Bengal Tourism
Places adjacent to Howrah district | |
|---|---|
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