North 24 Parganas district: Difference between revisions

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{{Cleanup|date = November 2009}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2016}}
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
| name                  = North 24 Parganas district<br/>উত্তর চব্বিশ পরগণা জেলা
| name                  = North 24 Parganas district
| settlement_type        = [[List of districts of West Bengal|District]] of [[West Bengal]]
| settlement_type        = [[List of districts of West Bengal|District of West Bengal]]
| total_type            = Total
| total_type            = Total
| native_name            =  
| native_name            =  
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}}
}}
| image_caption          = Clockwise from top-left: Mangal Pandey Park in [[Barrackpore]] Cantonment, [[Matua Mahasangha]] headquarters in [[Thakurnagar]], Karnamadhabpur Wetland, [[Baranagore Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama High School|Baranagar Ramakrishna Mission]], [[Chandraketugarh]], [[Dakshineswar Kali Temple|Dakshineswar Kali temple]]
| image_caption          = Clockwise from top-left: Mangal Pandey Park in [[Barrackpore]] Cantonment, [[Matua Mahasangha]] headquarters in [[Thakurnagar]], Karnamadhabpur Wetland, [[Baranagore Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama High School|Baranagar Ramakrishna Mission]], [[Chandraketugarh]], [[Dakshineswar Kali Temple|Dakshineswar Kali temple]]
| image_map             = North 24 Parganas district.svg
| image_map                       = {{maplink |frame=yes
| map_caption            = Location of North 24 Parganas district in West Bengal
|frame-width=225 |frame-height=225 |frame-align=center
|text= '''North 24 Parganas district'''
|type=shape |id=Q338425
|stroke-colour=#C60C30
|stroke-width=2
|title= North 24 Parganas district of West Bengal
|type2=line|id2=Q1356|stroke-width2=1|stroke-colour2=#0000ff|title2=West Bengal
}}
| map_alt                        =
| map_caption                    = Location in West Bengal
| coordinates            = {{coord|22.13|N|88.50|E|display=title,inline|type:adm2nd_region:IN-WB|format=dms}}
| coordinates            = {{coord|22.13|N|88.50|E|display=title,inline|type:adm2nd_region:IN-WB|format=dms}}
| coor_pinpoint          = Barasat
| subdivision_type      = Country
| subdivision_type      = Country
| subdivision_name      = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_name      = {{flag|India}}
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}}
}}


'''North 24 Parganas''' (abv. '''24 PGS (N)''') or sometimes '''North Twenty Four Parganas''' is a district in southern [[West Bengal]], of eastern India. North 24 Parganas extends in the [[tropical zone]] from [[latitude]] 22° 11′ 6″ north to 23° 15′ 2″ north and from longitude 88º20' east to 89º5' east. It is bordered to [[Nadia district|Nadia]] by north, to [[Bangladesh]] ([[Khulna]] Division) by north and east, to [[South 24 Parganas]] and [[Kolkata district|Kolkata]] by south and to Kolkata, [[Howrah district|Howrah]] and [[Hooghly district|Hoogly]] by west. [[Barasat]] is the district headquarters of North 24 Parganas. North 24 Parganas is West Bengal's most populous district<ref name="districtcensus">{{cite web | url = http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php | title = District Census 2011 | access-date = 30 September 2011 | year = 2011 | publisher = Census2011.co.in}}</ref> and also the second most populated district in the whole of India. It is the tenth-largest district in the State by area.
'''North 24 Parganas''' (abv. '''24 PGS (N)''') or sometimes '''North Twenty Four Parganas''' is a district in southern [[West Bengal]], of eastern India. North 24 Parganas extends in the [[tropical zone]] from [[latitude]] 22° 11′ 6″ north to 23° 15′ 2″ north and from longitude 88º20' east to 89º5' east. It is bordered to [[Nadia district|Nadia]] by north, to [[Bangladesh]] ([[Khulna]] Division) by north and east, to [[South 24 Parganas]] and [[Kolkata district|Kolkata]] by south and to Kolkata, [[Howrah district|Howrah]] and [[Hooghly district|Hoogly]] by west. [[Barasat]] is the district headquarters of North 24 Parganas. North 24 Parganas is West Bengal's most populous district<ref name="districtcensus">{{cite web | url = http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php | title = District Census 2011 | access-date = 30 September 2011 | year = 2011 | publisher = Census2011.co.in}}</ref> and also (since 2014) the most populated district in the whole of India. It is the tenth-largest district in the State by area.


==History==
==History==
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[[File:Khana-Mihir Mound - Berachampa 2012-02-24 2347.JPG|thumb|left|250px|The Baraha-mihir or Khana-mihir mound at [[Berachampa]]. It was first excavated in 1956–57 revealing a continuous sequence of cultural remains from 11th century BC pre-Mouryan period to 12th century AD Pala period.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Khana-Mihir_Mound_ASI_Notice_&_Description_-_Berachampa_2012-02-24_2348.JPG|title=English: Khana-Mihir Mound (bn:Khana-mihirer Dhipi, hi. Khana-mihir ka tila)...|first=Biswarup|last=Ganguly|date=24 February 2012|access-date=29 March 2018|via=Wikimedia Commons}}</ref>]]
[[File:Khana-Mihir Mound - Berachampa 2012-02-24 2347.JPG|thumb|left|250px|The Baraha-mihir or Khana-mihir mound at [[Berachampa]]. It was first excavated in 1956–57 revealing a continuous sequence of cultural remains from 11th century BC pre-Mouryan period to 12th century AD Pala period.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Khana-Mihir_Mound_ASI_Notice_&_Description_-_Berachampa_2012-02-24_2348.JPG|title=English: Khana-Mihir Mound (bn:Khana-mihirer Dhipi, hi. Khana-mihir ka tila)...|first=Biswarup|last=Ganguly|date=24 February 2012|access-date=29 March 2018|via=Wikimedia Commons}}</ref>]]


According to [[Ptolemy]]'s ''[[Geography (Ptolemy)|Geography]]'', written in the 2nd century A.D., the ancient land of Gangaridi was stretched between the rivers Bhagirathi-Hoogly (lower [[Ganges]]) and Padma-Meghna. The modern-day 24 [[Pargana]]s was the southern and the south-eastern territory of that legendary kingdom.
According to [[Ptolemy]]'s ''[[Geography (Ptolemy)|Geography]]'', written in the second century A.D., the ancient land of Gangaridi was stretched between the rivers Bhagirathi-Hoogly (lower [[Ganges]]) and Padma-Meghna. The modern-day 24 [[Pargana]]s was the southern and the south-eastern territory of that legendary kingdom.


Archaeological excavation at Berachampa village in Deganga PS proves that though the area was not directly attached to the rule of the [[Gupta Empire|Guptas]], yet it could not shun their cultural influence. [[Xuanzang]] (c. 629-685) visited 30 [[Buddhist]] Biharas and 100 Hindu Temples in India and some of these were in the Greater 24 Parganas region.
Archaeological excavation at Berachampa village in Deganga PS proves that though the area was not directly attached to the rule of the [[Gupta Empire|Guptas]], yet it could not shun their cultural influence. [[Xuanzang]] ({{circa|629–685}}) visited 30 [[Buddhist]] Biharas and 100 Hindu Temples in India and some of these were in the Greater 24 Parganas region.


The district was not a part of [[Shashanka]]'s unified Bengali empire known as [[Gauḍa region|Gauda]], but it is assumed that the district which was the south-west frontier territory of ancient Bengal, was comprised in under the rule of [[Dharmapala]] (estimated c. 770-810). The Pala rule was not quite strong in this part, as no excavation uncovered any of Buddhist Pala antiquities but many Hindu Sena sculptures.
The district was not a part of [[Shashanka]]'s unified Bengali empire known as [[Gauḍa region|Gauda]], but it is assumed that the district which was the south-west frontier territory of ancient Bengal, was comprised in under the rule of [[Dharmapala]] (estimated c. 770–810). The Pala rule was not quite strong in this part, as no excavation uncovered any of Buddhist Pala antiquities but many Hindu Sena sculptures.


===Middle Ages===
===Middle Ages===
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===After Independence===
===After Independence===
In 1980, an administrative reform committee under the chairmanship of Dr. Ashok Mitra suggested to split the district into two and as per the recommendation of the committee in 1983, 1 March two districts – North 24 Parganas (24 PGS (N)) and South 24 Parganas (24 PGS (S)) were created. The North 24 Parganas which was included to the [[Presidency]] Division has been formed with five sub-divisions of the Greater 24 Parganas, namely [[Barasat|Barasat Sadar]] (Headquarters), [[Barrackpore]], [[Basirhat]], [[Bangaon]], and [[Bidhannagar]] (a satellite township of Kolkata, popularly known as Salt Lake).
In 1980, an administrative reform committee under the chairmanship of Dr. Ashok Mitra suggested to split the district into two and as per the recommendation of the committee in 1983, 1 March two districts – North 24 Parganas (24 PGS (N)) and South 24 Parganas (24 PGS (S)) were created in 1986
. The North 24 Parganas which was included to the [[Presidency]] Division has been formed with five sub-divisions of the Greater 24 Parganas, namely [[Barasat|Barasat Sadar]] (Headquarters), [[Barrackpore]], [[Basirhat]], [[Bangaon]], and [[Bidhannagar]] (a satellite township of Kolkata, popularly known as Salt Lake).


==Geography==
==Geography==
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===Groundwater arsenic contamination===
===Groundwater arsenic contamination===
North 24 Parganas is one of the nine severely [[Arsenic contaminations of groundwater|arsenic affected]] district in West Bengal. On the basis of updated survey conducted by School of Environmental Studies (SOES), [[Jadavpur University]], out of total 22 administrative blocks in 22, 21 and 16 blocks arsenic above the 10 μg/L (WHO Recommended value of arsenic in drinking water), 50 μg/L (Indian standard value of arsenic in drinking water) and 300 μg/L (the concentration predicting overt arsenical skin lesions) was noted respectively.
North 24 Parganas is one of the nine severely [[Arsenic contamination of groundwater|arsenic affected]] districts in West Bengal. On the basis of updated survey conducted by School of Environmental Studies (SOES), [[Jadavpur University]], out of total 22 administrative blocks in 22, 21 and 16 blocks arsenic above the 10 μg/L (WHO Recommended value of arsenic in drinking water), 50 μg/L (Indian standard value of arsenic in drinking water) and 300 μg/L (the concentration predicting overt arsenical skin lesions) was noted respectively.


The maximum arsenic contamination level found in this district is 2830 μg/L in the Baduria block.{{Citation needed|date=October 2016}}
The maximum arsenic contamination level found in this district is 2830 μg/L in the Baduria block.{{Citation needed|date=October 2016}}
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*''' Barrackpore Subdivision''' consists of 16 municipalities ([[Kanchrapara]], [[Halisahar]], [[Naihati]], [[Bhatpara]], [[Garulia]], [[Barrackpore]], [[North Barrackpur]], [[New Barrackpur]], [[Titagarh]], [[Khardaha]], [[Panihati]], [[Kamarhati]], [[Baranagar]], [[Dum Dum]], [[North Dumdum]] and [[South Dumdum]]) and 2 community development blocks: [[Barrackpore I]] and [[Barrackpore II]].
*''' Barrackpore Subdivision''' consists of 16 municipalities ([[Kanchrapara]], [[Halisahar]], [[Naihati]], [[Bhatpara]], [[Garulia]], [[Barrackpore]], [[North Barrackpur]], [[New Barrackpur]], [[Titagarh]], [[Khardaha]], [[Panihati]], [[Kamarhati]], [[Baranagar]], [[Dum Dum]], [[North Dumdum]] and [[South Dumdum]]) and 2 community development blocks: [[Barrackpore I]] and [[Barrackpore II]].
*''' Barasat Sadar Subdivision''' consists of six municipalities ([[Barasat]], [[Habra]], [[Ashoknagar Kalyangarh]], [[Madhyamgram]], [[New Barrackpore]] and [[Gobardanga]]) and 7 community development blocks: [[Barasat I]], [[Barasat II]], [[Amdanga (community development block)|Amdanga]], [[Deganga (community development block)|Deganga]], [[Habra I]], [[Habra II]] and [[Rajarhat (community development block)|Rajarhat]] (now shifted to '''Bidhannagar Subdivision''').<ref name="Bidhannagar">{{cite web|title=Change of guard|url=https://m.telegraphindia.com/states/west-bengal/change-of-guard/cid/1471266}}</ref>
*''' Barasat Sadar Subdivision''' consists of six municipalities ([[Barasat]], [[Habra]], [[Ashoknagar Kalyangarh]], [[Madhyamgram]], [[New Barrackpore]] and [[Gobardanga]]) and 7 community development blocks: [[Barasat I]], [[Barasat II]], [[Amdanga (community development block)|Amdanga]], [[Deganga (community development block)|Deganga]], [[Habra I]], [[Habra II]] and [[Rajarhat (community development block)|Rajarhat]] (now shifted to '''Bidhannagar Subdivision''').<ref name="Bidhannagar">{{cite web|title=Change of guard|url=https://m.telegraphindia.com/states/west-bengal/change-of-guard/cid/1471266}}</ref>
*'''Bongaon Subdivision''', consists of [[Bangaon]] municipality (Thakurnagar) and three community development blocks: [[Bagdah, North 24 Parganas|Bagdah]], [[Bangaon (community development block)|Bangaon]] and [[Gaighata (community development block)|Gaighata]].
*'''Bongaon Subdivision''', consists of [[Bangaon]] municipality and three community development blocks: [[Bagdah, North 24 Parganas|Bagdah]], [[Bangaon (community development block)|Bangaon]] and [[Gaighata (community development block)|Gaighata]].
*''' Basirhat Subdivision''' consists of three municipalities ([[Basirhat]], [[Baduria]] and [[Taki (India)|Taki]]) and ten community development blocks: [[Baduria (community development block)|Baduria]], [[Basirhat I]], [[Basirhat II]], [[Haroa (community development block)|Haroa]], [[Hasnabad (community development block)|Hasnabad]], [[Hingalganj (community development block)|Hingalganj]], [[Minakhan (community development block)|Minakhan]], [[Sandeshkhali I (Community development block)|Sandeshkhali I]], [[Sandeshkhali II (Community development block)|Sandeshkhali II]], [[Swarupnagar (Community development block)|Swarupnagar]].<ref name=blocdir>{{cite web
*''' Basirhat Subdivision''' consists of three municipalities ([[Basirhat]], [[Baduria]] and [[Taki (India)|Taki]]) and ten community development blocks: [[Baduria (community development block)|Baduria]], [[Basirhat I]], [[Basirhat II]], [[Haroa (community development block)|Haroa]], [[Hasnabad (community development block)|Hasnabad]], [[Hingalganj (community development block)|Hingalganj]], [[Minakhan (community development block)|Minakhan]], [[Sandeshkhali I (Community development block)|Sandeshkhali I]], [[Sandeshkhali II (Community development block)|Sandeshkhali II]], [[Swarupnagar (Community development block)|Swarupnagar]].<ref name=blocdir>{{cite web
  |url        = http://wbdemo5.nic.in/writereaddata/Directoryof_District_Block_GPs(RevisedMarch-2008).doc
  |url        = http://wbdemo5.nic.in/writereaddata/Directoryof_District_Block_GPs(RevisedMarch-2008).doc
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===Universities===
===Universities===
{{multiple image|perrow=|total_width=300|caption_align=center
| image1 = Isical01.jpg|caption1=Indian Statistical Institute, [[Baranagar]]
| image2 = WBSU_roadside_view.jpg|caption2=West Bengal State University, located at [[Barasat]], the main general degree university of the district
}}
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Indian Statistical Institute]]<ref name=ISI>{{cite web|url=https://www.isical.ac.in/kolcampus.php|title=ISI Kolkata Campus|access-date=11 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190703131633/https://www.isical.ac.in/kolcampus.php|archive-date=3 July 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>  
* [[Indian Statistical Institute]]<ref name=ISI>{{cite web|url=https://www.isical.ac.in/kolcampus.php|title=ISI Kolkata Campus|access-date=11 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190703131633/https://www.isical.ac.in/kolcampus.php|archive-date=3 July 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>  
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* [[St. Xavier's University, Kolkata]]  
* [[St. Xavier's University, Kolkata]]  
{{div col end}}
{{div col end}}
<gallery widths="300px" heights="170px">
File:Isical01.jpg|Indian Statistical Institute, [[Baranagar]]
File:WBSU_roadside_view.jpg|West Bengal State University, located at [[Barasat]], the main general degree university of the district
</gallery>


===Colleges===
===Colleges===
[[File:Narula Institute of Technology (2).jpg|thumb|200px|[[Narula Institute of Technology]]]]
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
*Techno Engineering college Banipur
* [[Narula Institute of Technology]]<ref>{{cite web | url = http://nit.ac.in/ | title = Narula Institute of Technology  | publisher = NIT  |access-date =  8 May 2018}}</ref>
*[[Brahmananda Keshab Chandra College]]
*[[Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis Mahavidyalaya]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pcmm.co.in/|title=Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis Mahavidyalaya &#124; NAAC Accredited College|website=Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis Mahavidyalaya}}</ref>
* [[Acharya Prafulla Chandra College]]
* [[Acharya Prafulla Chandra College]]
*[[Amdanga jugal kishore mahavidyalaya ]]
* [[Narula Institute of Technology]]<ref>{{cite web | url = http://nit.ac.in/ | title = Narula Institute of Technology  | publisher = NIT  |access-date =  8 May 2018}}</ref>
* [[Basirhat College]]
* [[Basirhat College]]
* [[College of Medicine & Sagore Dutta Hospital]]
* [[College of Medicine & Sagore Dutta Hospital]]
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* [[Government College of Engineering and Leather Technology]]  
* [[Government College of Engineering and Leather Technology]]  
* [[Gobardanga Hindu College]]
* [[Gobardanga Hindu College]]
* [[Dinabandhu Mahavidyalay]]
* [[Dinabandhu Mahavidyalay]]  
* [[Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Satabarsiki Mahavidyalaya, Helencha]]  
* [[Sree Chaitanya College]]
* [[Sree Chaitanya College]]
* [[Institute of Engineering and Management]]
* [[Institute of Engineering and Management]]
* [[Taki Government College]]
* [[Taki Government College]]
* [[Rishi Bankim Chandra College, Naihati]]
*[[Vivekananda College, Madhyamgram]]
<ref>https://www.rbccollege.ac.in/</ref>
{{div col end}}
{{div col end}}
Kanchrapara College
* [[Amdanga jugal kishore mahavidyalata]]


===Schools===
===Schools===
[[File:BRKM Entrance.JPG|thumb|200px|Baranagar RKM School]]  
[[File:BRKM Entrance.JPG|thumb|200px|[[Baranagore Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama High School]]]]
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* Hatthuba Adarsha Vidyapith(H.S)
* [[Baranagore Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama High School]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rkmissionbaranagar.org/|title=Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama, Baranagar Mission|access-date=17 May 2015}}</ref>
* Habra High School (H.S)
* [[Central Modern School]]
* Prafullanagar Vidyamandir (H.S)
* [[Sodepur High School]]
* Ashokenagar Boys Secondary School
* Kamini Kumar Girls' High School
* Ashokenagar Banipith Girls' High School
* St. Stephen's School
* [[St. Xavier's Institution (Panihati)]]
* [[St. Xavier's Institution (Panihati)]]
* [[Adamas International School]]
* [[Adamas International School]]
* [[Stratford Day School]]
* [[Aditya Academy (Senior Secondary)]]  
* [[Aditya Academy (Senior Secondary)]]  
* [[Auxilium Convent School]]  
* [[Auxilium Convent School]]  
* [[Kendriya Vidyalaya Ordnance Factory, Dum Dum]]
* [[Baranagore Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama High School]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rkmissionbaranagar.org/|title=Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama, Baranagar Mission|access-date=17 May 2015}}</ref>
* [[Barrackpore Government High School]]
* [[Barrackpore Government High School]]
* [[Berachampa Deulia Uchcha Vidyalaya]]
* [[Berachampa Deulia Uchcha Vidyalaya]]
* [[Kartikpur Deganga Adarsha Vidyapith]]
* [[Deganga Kartickpur Adarsha Balika Vidyapith]]
* Doon International School, Basirhat
* [[Kendriya Vidyalaya Barrackpore (Army)]]
* [[Kendriya Vidyalaya Barrackpore (Army)]]
* [[Rahara Ramakrishna Mission Boys' Home High School]]
* [[Rahara Ramakrishna Mission Boys' Home High School]]
* [[Pancha Gram High School,Amboula]]
* [[Morning Bells Academy]]
* [[Banamalipur Priyanath Institution]]
* [[Purba Barasat Adarsha Bidyapeeth]]
* [[Kajal Memorial Day School]]
* [[Malangapara K.C.B Institution]]
* Kanchrapara Indian Girls' High School
* Kanchrapara Harnett High School
* Kanti chandra High school
* [[Sukantanagar Vidyaniketan]]
* [[Bira ballav para high school]]
* [[Bishnupur Sir Romesh Institution]]
{{div col end}}
{{div col end}}


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[[File:Dakshineswar Temple2.jpg|thumb|upright|Dakshineswar Kali Temple]]
[[File:Dakshineswar Temple2.jpg|thumb|upright|Dakshineswar Kali Temple]]
[[File:Bandhudal Sporting Club, Baranagar, idol 2018.jpg|thumb|upright|Durga idol at a pandel in Baranagar]]
[[File:Bandhudal Sporting Club, Baranagar, idol 2018.jpg|thumb|upright|Durga idol at a pandel in Baranagar]]
This district is rich in culture. Many famous places like [[Dakshineswar Kali Temple]], [[Baranagar Math]]<ref name="Brief history of Baranagar Math">{{cite web|title=Brief history of Baranagar Math |url=http://www.rkmbaranagar.org/brief_history.php |publisher=Tamakrishna Mission, Baranagar |access-date=8 July 2013 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6Hx31O6Ve?url=http://www.rkmbaranagar.org/brief_history.php |archive-date=8 July 2013 |url-status=live |df=dmy }}</ref> (first monastery of Ramakrishna Order) are situated in this district. Many places of this district are famous for festivals – [[Habra]], [[Barasat]], [[Naihati]] and [[Madhyamgram]] are for [[Kali puja]], [[Bangaon]], [[Ashoknagar Kalyangarh|Ashoknagar]], [[Baranagar]], [[Basirhat]] are for [[Durga puja]], [[Berachampa]] is for [[Basanti puja]] etc.
This district is rich in culture. Many famous places like [[Dakshineswar Kali Temple]], [[Baranagar Math]]<ref name="Brief history of Baranagar Math">{{cite web|title=Brief history of Baranagar Math |url=http://www.rkmbaranagar.org/brief_history.php |publisher=Tamakrishna Mission, Baranagar |access-date=8 July 2013 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6Hx31O6Ve?url=http://www.rkmbaranagar.org/brief_history.php |archive-date=8 July 2013 |url-status=live |df=dmy }}</ref> (first monastery of Ramakrishna Order) are situated in this district. Many places of this district are famous for festivals – [[Habra]], [[Barrackpore]], [[Barasat]], [[Naihati]] and [[Madhyamgram]] are for [[Kali puja]], [[Bangaon]], [[Baranagar]], [[Basirhat]] are for [[Durga puja]], [[Ashoknagar Kalyangarh]] is for [[Jagaddhatri|Jagatdhatri puja]], [[Berachampa]] is for [[Basanti puja]] etc.


==Transport==
==Transport==
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{{See also| List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate}}
{{See also| List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate}}


According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] North 24 Parganas district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 10,009,781,<ref name="districtcensus"/><ref>{{cite news|last1=Yeshwantrao|first1=Nitin|title=Population explosion across Thane district worries officials|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Population-explosion-across-Thane-district-worries-officials/articleshow/7839700.cms?referral=PM|access-date=18 March 2016|work=The Times of India|date=1 April 2011}}</ref> roughly equal to the nation of [[Bolivia]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | access-date = 1 October 2011 | quote = Bolivia 10,118,683 July 2011 est. }}</ref> or the US state of [[Michigan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php|title=2010 Resident Population Data|publisher=U. S. Census Bureau|access-date=30 September 2011| quote =Michigan 9,883,640 }}</ref> This gave it a ranking of 2nd in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]) and 1st in its state.<ref name=districtcensus/> However, in 2014 the [[Thane district]] (in [[Maharashtra]]), which had been ranked 1st in India in 2011, was divided into two, thus promoting North 24 Parganas District to 1st in India. The district has a population density of {{convert|2463|PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}}.<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001–2011 was 12.86%.<ref name=districtcensus/> North Twenty Four Parganas has a [[sex ratio]] of 949 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 84.95%.<ref name=districtcensus/>
According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] North 24 Parganas district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 10,009,781,<ref name="districtcensus"/><ref>{{cite news|last1=Yeshwantrao|first1=Nitin|title=Population explosion across Thane district worries officials|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Population-explosion-across-Thane-district-worries-officials/articleshow/7839700.cms?referral=PM|access-date=18 March 2016|work=The Times of India|date=1 April 2011}}</ref> roughly equal to the nation of [[Bolivia]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | access-date = 1 October 2011 | quote = Bolivia 10,118,683 July 2011 est. }}</ref> or the US state of [[Michigan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php|title=2010 Resident Population Data|publisher=U. S. Census Bureau|access-date=30 September 2011| quote =Michigan 9,883,640 }}</ref> This gave it a ranking of second in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]) and first in its state.<ref name=districtcensus/> However, in 2014 the [[Thane district]] (in [[Maharashtra]]), which had been ranked first in India in 2011, was divided into two, thus promoting North 24 Parganas District to first in India. The district has a population density of {{convert|2463|PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}}.<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001–2011 was 12.86%.<ref name=districtcensus/> North Twenty Four Parganas has a [[sex ratio]] of 949 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 84.95%. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 21.67% and 2.64% of the population respectively.<ref name=districtcensus/>{{bar box
 
|title = Religion in North 24 Parganas district (2011)<ref name="Religion">{{cite web |title=C-1 Population By Religious Community |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW19C-01%20MDDS.XLS|publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India}}</ref>
===2011 Census data===
|titlebar=#FCD116
{{bar box
|float=left
|title=Religion in North 24 Parganas
|titlebar=#ddd
|left1=
|float=right
|bars=
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|#FF6600|73.46}}
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|73.46}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|Green|25.82}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|#008000|25.82}}
{{bar percent|[[Christians|Christianity]]|Blue|0.27}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.72}}
{{bar percent|[[Sikhism]]|yellow|0.09}}
|caption= Source: Census Report of 2011, Government Of India
}}
}}


Line 468: Line 443:
* Literacy rate (excluding 0–6 age group), in percentage: 87.66 (highest in West Bengal).<ref>{{cite web|title=District wise Literacy rate in West Bengal 2001–2011 census|url=http://updateox.com/west-bengal/district-wise-literacy-rate-in-West-Bengal-2001-2011-census/ |publisher=www.updateox.com |access-date=18 March 2016}}</ref>
* Literacy rate (excluding 0–6 age group), in percentage: 87.66 (highest in West Bengal).<ref>{{cite web|title=District wise Literacy rate in West Bengal 2001–2011 census|url=http://updateox.com/west-bengal/district-wise-literacy-rate-in-West-Bengal-2001-2011-census/ |publisher=www.updateox.com |access-date=18 March 2016}}</ref>
** Male: 93.14; Female: 81.81
** Male: 93.14; Female: 81.81
{{Pie chart
|caption = Languages of North 24 Parganas district (2011)
|label1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]] |value1 = 88.91 |color1 = orchid
|label2 = [[Hindi]] |value2 = 7.69 |color2 = orange
|label3 = [[Urdu]] |value3 = 2.28 |color3 = green
|label4 = Others |value4 = 1.12 |color4 = grey
}}
According to the 2011 census, 88.91% of the population spoke [[Bengali language|Bengali]], 7.69% [[Hindi]] and 2.28% [[Urdu]] as their first language.<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16.html 2011 Census of India, Population By Mother Tongue]</ref>
According to the 2011 census, 88.91% of the population spoke [[Bengali language|Bengali]], 7.69% [[Hindi]] and 2.28% [[Urdu]] as their first language.<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16.html 2011 Census of India, Population By Mother Tongue]</ref>


Line 491: Line 473:
* [[Ujjwal Maulik]], Computer Scientist
* [[Ujjwal Maulik]], Computer Scientist
* [[Dola Banerjee]], athlete
* [[Dola Banerjee]], athlete
* [[Rahul Banerjee (archer)]], athlete
* [[Rahul Banerjee (archer)|Rahul Banerjee]], athlete
* [[Bankim Chandra Chatterjee]], writer, novelist
* [[Bankim Chandra Chatterjee]], writer, novelist
* [[Manik Bandopadhay]], writer, novelist
* [[Manik Bandopadhay]], writer, novelist
Line 502: Line 484:
* [[Muhammad Shahidullah]], educationist, writer, philologist and linguist
* [[Muhammad Shahidullah]], educationist, writer, philologist and linguist
* [[Arunoday Mondal]], physician
* [[Arunoday Mondal]], physician
* [[Pramatha Nath Bose]], [[Geologist]] and [[Paleontologist]]
* [[Pramatha Nath Bose]], [[Geologist]] and [[Paleontologist]]
* [[Prabhavathi Devi Saraswathi]], Bengali writer and novelist.
* [[Prabhavathi Devi Saraswathi]], Bengali writer and novelist.
* [[Ishwar Chandra Gupta]], Bengali poet and writer
* [[Ishwar Chandra Gupta]], Bengali poet and writer
Line 518: Line 500:


==External links==
==External links==
{{commons category|North 24 Parganas}}
{{commons category|North 24 Parganas district}}
* {{official website|http://north24parganas.nic.in}}
* {{official website|http://north24parganas.nic.in}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20051108041203/http://www.wb.nic.in/dist/parganas.html Map of North 24 Parganas]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20051108041203/http://www.wb.nic.in/dist/parganas.html Map of North 24 Parganas]

Latest revision as of 21:23, 25 April 2022

North 24 Parganas district
District of West Bengal
Mangal Pandey Park - Barrackpore - North 24 Parganas 2012-04-11 9508.JPG
Dakhineswar temple in Bally (1).jpg
Thakurnagar Matua Mahasangha and Thakur Bari Temple 04.jpg
Chandraketugarh Mound - Berachampa 2012-02-24 2525.JPG
Karnamadhabpur Wetland - Kalyani Expressway - Panihati - Kolkata 2017-03-30 0898.JPG
BRkM-3.jpg
Clockwise from top-left: Mangal Pandey Park in Barrackpore Cantonment, Matua Mahasangha headquarters in Thakurnagar, Karnamadhabpur Wetland, Baranagar Ramakrishna Mission, Chandraketugarh, Dakshineswar Kali temple
Coordinates: 22°08′N 88°30′E / 22.13°N 88.50°E / 22.13; 88.50Coordinates: 22°08′N 88°30′E / 22.13°N 88.50°E / 22.13; 88.50
Country India
State West Bengal
DivisionPresidency
HeadquartersBarasat
Government
 • Lok Sabha constituenciesBangaon, Barrackpore, Dum Dum, Barasat, Basirhat
 • Vidhan Sabha constituenciesBagda, Bangaon Uttar, Bangaon Dakshin, Gaighata, Swarupnagar, Baduria, Habra, Ashoknagar, Amdanga, Bijpur, Naihati, Bhatpara, Jagatdal, Noapara, Barrackpore, Khardaha, Dum Dum Uttar, Panihati, Kamarhati, Baranagar, Dum Dum, Madhyamgram, Barasat, Bidhannagar, Rajarhat New Town, Rajarhat Gopalpur, Deganga, Haroa, Minakhan, Sandeshkhali, Basirhat Dakshin, Basirhat Uttar, Hingalganj
Area
 • Total4,094 km2 (1,581 sq mi)
Population
 (2011)
 • Total10,009,781
 • Density2,400/km2 (6,300/sq mi)
Demographics
 • Literacy84.95 percent[1]
 • Sex ratio949
Time zoneUTC+05:30 (IST)
Major highwaysNH 12, NH 112
Average annual precipitation1579 mm
Websitewww.north24parganas.gov.in

North 24 Parganas (abv. 24 PGS (N)) or sometimes North Twenty Four Parganas is a district in southern West Bengal, of eastern India. North 24 Parganas extends in the tropical zone from latitude 22° 11′ 6″ north to 23° 15′ 2″ north and from longitude 88º20' east to 89º5' east. It is bordered to Nadia by north, to Bangladesh (Khulna Division) by north and east, to South 24 Parganas and Kolkata by south and to Kolkata, Howrah and Hoogly by west. Barasat is the district headquarters of North 24 Parganas. North 24 Parganas is West Bengal's most populous district[2] and also (since 2014) the most populated district in the whole of India. It is the tenth-largest district in the State by area.

History[edit]

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
19011,016,001—    
19111,166,158+1.39%
19211,239,719+0.61%
19311,357,831+0.91%
19411,711,806+2.34%
19512,114,097+2.13%
19613,127,685+3.99%
19714,207,420+3.01%
19815,529,497+2.77%
19917,281,881+2.79%
20018,934,286+2.07%
201110,009,781+1.14%
source:[3]

Ancient history[edit]

The Baraha-mihir or Khana-mihir mound at Berachampa. It was first excavated in 1956–57 revealing a continuous sequence of cultural remains from 11th century BC pre-Mouryan period to 12th century AD Pala period.[4]

According to Ptolemy's Geography, written in the second century A.D., the ancient land of Gangaridi was stretched between the rivers Bhagirathi-Hoogly (lower Ganges) and Padma-Meghna. The modern-day 24 Parganas was the southern and the south-eastern territory of that legendary kingdom.

Archaeological excavation at Berachampa village in Deganga PS proves that though the area was not directly attached to the rule of the Guptas, yet it could not shun their cultural influence. Xuanzang (c. 629–685) visited 30 Buddhist Biharas and 100 Hindu Temples in India and some of these were in the Greater 24 Parganas region.

The district was not a part of Shashanka's unified Bengali empire known as Gauda, but it is assumed that the district which was the south-west frontier territory of ancient Bengal, was comprised in under the rule of Dharmapala (estimated c. 770–810). The Pala rule was not quite strong in this part, as no excavation uncovered any of Buddhist Pala antiquities but many Hindu Sena sculptures.

Middle Ages[edit]

In the middle of the 16th century, Portuguese pirates began to invade and plunder many of the waterways and prosperous human settlements in the lower delta region. People left these places out of the fear of being murdered, raped, or captured to be sold as slaves. The Basirhat sub-division of North 24 Parganas suffered most from these torments.

Shrihari (Shridhar), a Kayastha, was an influential officer in the service of Daud Khan Karrani. On the fall of Daud he fled away with the government treasure in his custody. He then set up a kingdom for himself in the marshy land to the extreme south of Khulna district (1574) and assumed the title of Maharaja. Pratapaditya succeeded to the kingship in 1574. The baharistan and the travel diary of Abdul Latif and the contemporary European writers, all testify to the personal ability of Pratapaditya, his political pre-eminence, material resources. His territories covered the greater part of what is now included in the greater Jessore, Khulna and Barisal districts. He established his capital at Dhumghat, a strategic position at the confluence of the Jamuna and Ichhamati before it was shifted to Ishwaripur.

Maharaja Pratapaditya, soon became one of the 12 feudal lords of Bengal who not only declared their sovereignty from the Mughal Empire in the ruling of Jessore, Khulna, Barisal and Greater 24 Parganas, but also fought and resisted the Portuguese in the early years of the 17th century. When he was finally defeated by the Mughals. Pratapaditya lost both the battles of Salka and Magrahat. His fate was sealed and he was compelled to tender submission to Islam Khan at Dhaka. His kingdom was annexed. He probably died at Benares on his way to Delhi from Dhaka, as a prisoner[5] of war to the Mughals.

After his death, Bhavanand Majumdar, who had been in the service of Pratapaditya, was given the throne by Raja Man Singh, and he later became the founder of the Nadiya Raj family.[6] Laksmikanta Gangopadhyay better known as Laksmikanta Roy Choudhury, the well known Brahmin scholar who was the son of great saint Kamdev Brahmachari and also a close associate of Raja Basanta Ray, was given tax free jaigir of eight parganas, including the areas in and around Kalikatah as Gurudakshina by Raja Man Singh in 1608.[7][8]

Jashoreshwari Kali Temple (built by Pratapaditya), Chanda Bhairab Mandir at Ishwaripur (built during the Sena period), Five domed Tenga Mosque at Banshipur (Mughal period), two big and four small domed Hammankhana (constructed by Pratapaditya) at Bangshipur, Govinda Dev Temple at Gopalpur (built by Basanta Roy, uncle of Maharaja Pratapaditya in 1593), Jahajghata Port (Khanpur), Kalighat Temple (owned by Laksmikanta Roy Choudhury) bear archaeological evidences of the Bhuiyan and Majumdar kings.

British Raj[edit]

The territory of Greater 24 Parganas were under the Satgaon (ancient Saptagram, now in Hoogly district) administration during the Mughal era and later it was included in Hoogly chakla (district under post-Mughal Nawabi rule) during the rule of Murshid Quli Khan. In 1757, after the Battle of Plassey, Nawab Mir Jafar conferred the Zamindari of 24 parganas and janglimahals (small administrative units) upon the British East India Company. These Parganas are 1.Akbarpur, 2.Amirpur 3.Asimabad 4.Balia 5.Baridhati 6.Basandhari 7.Calcutta 8.Dakshin Sagar 9.Garh 10.Hathiagarh 11.Ikhtiarpur 12.Kharijuri 13.Khaspur 14.Maidanmal or Mednimall 15.Magura 16. Mayda 17.Manpur 18.Murnagacha 19.Paikan 20.Pechakuli 21.Satal 22.Shahnagar 23.Shahpur and 24. Uttar Pargana (O'Mally, L.S.S. (1914) Bengal District Gazetteers: 24 Parganas. Page 44). . Since then, this entire territory is known as Twentyfour Parganas.

In 1751, the Company assigned John Zephaniah Holwell as zemindar of the District.[9] In 1759, after the Bengali War of 1756–1757, the Company assigned it to Lord Clive as a personal Jaghir (zamindari) and after his death it again came under the direct authority of the company.

In 1793, during the rule of Lord Cornwallis, entire Sunderbans were in Twentyfour Parganas. In 1802, some parganas on the western banks of river Hoogly were included into it. These parganas were in Nadia earlier. In 1814, a separate collectorate was established in Twenty-four Parganas. In 1817, Falta and Baranagar and in 1820, some portions of Nadia's Balanda and Anwarpur were encompassed to it. In 1824, portions of Barasat, Khulna and Bakhargunge (now in Bangladesh) were also included to it. In 1824, the district headquarters was shifted from Kolkata to Baruipur, but in 1828, it was removed to Alipore. In 1834, the district was split into two districts – Alipore and Barasat, but later these were united again.

In 1905, some portion of this district around the Sunderbans was detached and linked to Khulna and Barishal. These parts remained in Bangladesh territories where Jessore's Bangaon was joined to Twentyfour Pargana after the 1947 partition.

After Independence[edit]

In 1980, an administrative reform committee under the chairmanship of Dr. Ashok Mitra suggested to split the district into two and as per the recommendation of the committee in 1983, 1 March two districts – North 24 Parganas (24 PGS (N)) and South 24 Parganas (24 PGS (S)) were created in 1986 . The North 24 Parganas which was included to the Presidency Division has been formed with five sub-divisions of the Greater 24 Parganas, namely Barasat Sadar (Headquarters), Barrackpore, Basirhat, Bangaon, and Bidhannagar (a satellite township of Kolkata, popularly known as Salt Lake).

Geography[edit]

The district lies within the Ganga–Brahmaputra delta. The major distributory of river Ganga that is river Hooghly flows along the western border of the district. There are many other distributory branches, sub-branches of Ganga river and other local rivers, which include the Ichhamati, Jamuna, and Bidyadhari.

Land[edit]

The type of soil varies widely from alluvial to clay loam.

Groundwater arsenic contamination[edit]

North 24 Parganas is one of the nine severely arsenic affected districts in West Bengal. On the basis of updated survey conducted by School of Environmental Studies (SOES), Jadavpur University, out of total 22 administrative blocks in 22, 21 and 16 blocks arsenic above the 10 μg/L (WHO Recommended value of arsenic in drinking water), 50 μg/L (Indian standard value of arsenic in drinking water) and 300 μg/L (the concentration predicting overt arsenical skin lesions) was noted respectively.

The maximum arsenic contamination level found in this district is 2830 μg/L in the Baduria block.[citation needed]

Climate[edit]

The climate is tropical, like the rest of the Gangetic West Bengal. It is also characterised by the Monsoon, which lasts from early June to mid September sometimes in October. The weather remains dry during the winter (late November to mid February) and too humid during summer.[citation needed]

Temperature ranges from 41 °C in May and 10 °C in January while relative humidity ranges between 50% in March & 90% in July. The average annual rainfall is 1,579mm.

Economy[edit]

Omega and Infinity Benchmark, office buildings in Salt Lake, Kolkata
The Bengal Intelligent Park in Sector V.
The Cognizant Technology Solutions office in Sector V.

People are mainly engaged in farming, fishing and other agricultural activities. The average size of agricultural landholdings is about 3.2 Bighas. North 24 Parganas is one of the less economically backward districts of West Bengal, but there is chronic poverty in the southern half of the District (the Sundarbans area)

The information technology hub of Kolkata is at this district, which is the centre of some of the notable IT/ITES Indian and multinational companies. Approximately 1,500 companies have their offices in Sector V.[10] Majority of the corporate offices are situated in Sector V and Sector III. Around 3.5 Lakh (by 2017) people are employed in Salt Lake City.

Divisions[edit]

Administrative subdivisions[edit]

The district comprises five subdivisions: Barrackpore, Barasat Sadar, Basirhat, Bangaon and Bidhannagar.

Barasat is the district headquarters. There are 35 police stations, 22 development blocks, 27 municipalities, 200 gram panchayats and 1599 villages in this district.[12][13]

Other than municipality area, each subdivision contains community development blocks which in turn are divided into rural areas and census towns. In total there are 48 urban units: 27 municipalities and 20 census towns and 1 cantonment board.[13][14]

Barrackpore subdivision[edit]

Barasat Sadar subdivision[edit]

Bangaon subdivision[edit]

Basirhat subdivision[edit]

Bidhannagar subdivision[edit]

This subdivision consists of the[12] Bidhannagar Municipal Corporation.

Assembly constituencies[edit]

As per order of the Delimitation Commission in respect of the delimitation of constituencies in the West Bengal, the district is divided into 33 assembly constituencies:[17][18]

Sl. No. Assembly Name Reservation Constituency no.
1 Bagdah SC 94
2 Bangaon Uttar SC 95
3 Bangaon Dakshin SC 96
4 Gaighata SC 97
5 Swarupnagar SC 98
6 Baduria N/A 99
7 Habra N/A 100
8 Ashoknagar N/A 101
9 Amdanga N/A 102
10 Bijpur N/A 103
11 Naihati N/A 104
12 Bhatpara N/A 105
13 Jagatdal N/A 106
14 Noapara N/A 107
15 Barrackpore N/A 108
16 Khardah N/A 109
17 Dum Dum Uttar N/A 110
18 Panihati N/A 111
19 Kamarhati N/A 112
20 Baranagar N/A 113
21 Dum Dum N/A 114
22 Rajarhat-New Town SC 115
23 Bidhannagar N/A 116
24 Rajarhat Gopalpur N/A 117
25 Madhyamgram N/A 118
26 Barasat N/A 119
27 Deganga N/A 120
28 Haroa (SC) SC 121
29 Minakhan SC 122
30 Sandeshkhali ST 123
31 Basirhat Uttar N/A 124
32 Basirhat Dakshin N/A 125
33 Hingalganj SC 126

Education[edit]

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

Universities[edit]

Indian Statistical Institute, Baranagar
West Bengal State University, located at Barasat, the main general degree university of the district

Colleges[edit]

Narula Institute of Technology

Schools[edit]

Baranagore Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama High School

Culture[edit]

Dakshineswar Kali Temple
Durga idol at a pandel in Baranagar

This district is rich in culture. Many famous places like Dakshineswar Kali Temple, Baranagar Math[28] (first monastery of Ramakrishna Order) are situated in this district. Many places of this district are famous for festivals – Habra, Barrackpore, Barasat, Naihati and Madhyamgram are for Kali puja, Bangaon, Baranagar, Basirhat are for Durga puja, Ashoknagar Kalyangarh is for Jagatdhatri puja, Berachampa is for Basanti puja etc.

Transport[edit]

Railways[edit]

The electrified suburban rail network of the ER is extensive and penetrates far and deep into the neighbouring districts of Kolkata, South 24 Parganas, Nadia, Howrah, Hooghly etc.

The Circular Rail encircles the entire city of Kolkata, and also used to provide an offshoot to connect the Dum Dum Airport, but now it is limited up to Dum Dum Cantonment. Jessore Road and Biman Bandar railway stations are closed for the construction work of Noapara–Dum Dum Airport–Barasat Metro rail (Kolkata Metro Line 4).[29]

Metro rail is also a transport medium of this district's people. Four stations of Kolkata Metro Line 1 are located here, Dum Dum metro station at Dum Dum, Baranagar metro station at Baranagar, Dakshineswar metro station at Dakshineswar and Noapara metro station at Noapara, Baranagar.[30]

Airports[edit]

See also: Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Airport
Cityside view of the new Integrated Terminal of Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Airport

The Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Airport (IATA code:CCU), which is at Dum Dum (previously known as Dum Dum Airport) in North 24 Parganas, is the only airport serving the city Kolkata. It operates both domestic and international flights. It is a gateway to North-East India, Bangkok, and Bangladesh. The number of people using the airport has consistently increased over the last few years.

Roadways[edit]

The road network is fairly well developed. Sparsed across by state-highways, it provides a convenient means of transport. NH 12 connects the district with northern and southern region of the state and its sub road NH 112 connect the district headquarter Barasat with the border town Bangaon and Petrapole, the largest land port of India.

Demographics[edit]

See also: List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate

According to the 2011 census North 24 Parganas district has a population of 10,009,781,[2][31] roughly equal to the nation of Bolivia[32] or the US state of Michigan.[33] This gave it a ranking of second in India (out of a total of 640) and first in its state.[2] However, in 2014 the Thane district (in Maharashtra), which had been ranked first in India in 2011, was divided into two, thus promoting North 24 Parganas District to first in India. The district has a population density of 2,463 inhabitants per square kilometre (6,380/sq mi).[2] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 12.86%.[2] North Twenty Four Parganas has a sex ratio of 949 females for every 1000 males,[2] and a literacy rate of 84.95%. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 21.67% and 2.64% of the population respectively.[2]

Religion in North 24 Parganas district (2011)[34]
Hinduism
 
 73.46%
Islam
 
 25.82%
Other or not stated
 
 0.72%
  • Population Density: 2959 per square km
  • Sex ratio: 982 females per 1000 males
  • Growth Rate (1991–2000): 24.64% (approximately 2.5% per annum)
  • Literacy rate (excluding 0–6 age group), in percentage: 87.66 (highest in West Bengal).[35]
    • Male: 93.14; Female: 81.81

Languages of North 24 Parganas district (2011)

  Bengali (88.91%)
  Hindi (7.69%)
  Urdu (2.28%)
  Others (1.12%)

According to the 2011 census, 88.91% of the population spoke Bengali, 7.69% Hindi and 2.28% Urdu as their first language.[36]

Flora and fauna[edit]

The district is also home to the Bibhutibhushan Wildlife Sanctuary, which was established in 1985 and has an area of 0.6 km2 (0.2 sq mi).[37]

Health facilities[edit]

  • District Hospitals: 10 with 2500 beds
  • Sub Divisional Hospitals: 14 with 1870 beds
  • State General Hospitals: 18 with 1870 beds
  • ESI Hospital: 01 with 200 beds
  • Rural Hospitals: 07 with 228 beds
  • Block Primary Health Centers: 15

Notable people[edit]

Citations[edit]

  1. ↑ "Provisional Population Totals Paper 1 of 2011 : West Bengal". Census of India. Retrieved 18 March 2016.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 "District Census 2011". Census2011.co.in. 2011. Retrieved 30 September 2011.
  3. ↑ Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901
  4. ↑ Ganguly, Biswarup (24 February 2012). "English: Khana-Mihir Mound (bn:Khana-mihirer Dhipi, hi. Khana-mihir ka tila)..." Retrieved 29 March 2018 – via Wikimedia Commons.
  5. ↑ Muazzam Hussain Khan (Banglapedia)
  6. ↑ Bhattacharya, Jogendra Nath (1896). Hindu Castes and Sects. Calcutta: Thacker, Spink and Co.
  7. ↑ Bangiya Sabarna Katha Kalishetra Kalikatah by Bhabani Roy Choudhury, Manna Publication. ISBN 81-87648-36-8
  8. ↑ "The Family History". www.devarshi.faithweb.com. Retrieved 29 March 2018.
  9. ↑ McCabe, Joseph (1920) "Holwell, John Zephaniah" A biographical dictionary of modern rationalists Watts & Co., London, pp. 356-357, p. 357 OCLC 262462698
  10. ↑ Chakraborti, Suman. "Soon, smart composting units at Sector V offices | Kolkata News". The Times of India. Retrieved 20 April 2020.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 "Change of guard".
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 "Directory of District, Sub division, Panchayat Samiti/ Block and Gram Panchayats in West Bengal, March 2008". West Bengal. National Informatics Centre, India. 19 March 2008. Archived from the original on 25 February 2009. Retrieved 1 December 2008.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 "District at a glance". Official website of the North 24 Parganas district. Archived from the original on 2 June 2008. Retrieved 1 December 2008.
  14. ↑ "Population, Decadal Growth Rate, Density and General Sex Ratio by Residence and Sex, West Bengal/ District/ Sub District, 1991 and 2001". West Bengal. Directorate of census operations. Retrieved 1 December 2008.
  15. ↑ "Page on Barrackpore subdivision". Official website of North 24 Parganas district. Archived from the original on 25 March 2010. Retrieved 1 December 2008.
  16. ↑ "bmcwbgov.in". Archived from the original on 6 August 2019. Retrieved 18 August 2019.
  17. ↑ "Press Note, Delimitation Commission" (PDF). Assembly Constituencies in West Bengal. Delimitation Commission. Retrieved 21 November 2008.
  18. ↑ "list of MPs & MLAs of N 24 PGS". Archived from the original on 18 January 2014. Retrieved 12 May 2018.
  19. ↑ "Assembly under Bongaon Lok Sabha".
  20. ↑ "Assembly under Barasat Lok Sabha".
  21. ↑ "Assembly under Dum Dum".
  22. ↑ "Assembly under Barrackpore".
  23. ↑ "Assembly under Basirhat".
  24. ↑ "ISI Kolkata Campus". Archived from the original on 3 July 2019. Retrieved 11 November 2012.
  25. ↑ "Narula Institute of Technology". NIT. Retrieved 8 May 2018.
  26. ↑ "Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis Mahavidyalaya | NAAC Accredited College". Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis Mahavidyalaya.
  27. ↑ "Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama, Baranagar Mission". Retrieved 17 May 2015.
  28. ↑ "Brief history of Baranagar Math". Tamakrishna Mission, Baranagar. Archived from the original on 8 July 2013. Retrieved 8 July 2013.
  29. ↑ "Services End on Kolkata's Circular Railway".
  30. ↑ Gupta, Jayanta (21 November 2012). "March 2013 date for Noapara Metro". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 4 September 2013. Retrieved 30 May 2013.
  31. ↑ Yeshwantrao, Nitin (1 April 2011). "Population explosion across Thane district worries officials". The Times of India. Retrieved 18 March 2016.
  32. ↑ US Directorate of Intelligence. "Country Comparison:Population". Retrieved 1 October 2011. Bolivia 10,118,683 July 2011 est.
  33. ↑ "2010 Resident Population Data". U. S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 30 September 2011. Michigan 9,883,640
  34. ↑ "C-1 Population By Religious Community". Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India.
  35. ↑ "District wise Literacy rate in West Bengal 2001–2011 census". www.updateox.com. Retrieved 18 March 2016.
  36. ↑ 2011 Census of India, Population By Mother Tongue
  37. ↑ Indian Ministry of Forests and Environment. "Protected areas: West Bengal". Archived from the original on 23 August 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2011.

General references[edit]

External links[edit]

Template:Minority Concentrated Districts in India

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