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Anamudi: Difference between revisions
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'''Anamudi''' is a mountain located in the Indian state of [[Kerala]]. It is the highest peak in the Western Ghats and South India, at an elevation of {{convert|2695|m|ft}}<ref name="kertour"/><ref name="eravinp"/> and a [[topographic prominence]] of {{convert|2479|m|ft}}.<ref name="peaklist"/> It lies on the border of | '''Anamudi''' is a mountain located in [[Idukki district]]s of the Indian state of [[Kerala]]. It is the highest peak in the Western Ghats and in South India, at an elevation of {{convert|2695|m|ft}}<ref name="kertour"/><ref name="eravinp"/> and a [[topographic prominence]] of {{convert|2479|m|ft}}.<ref name="peaklist"/> It lies on the border of [[Idukki district]] and [[Ernakulam district]].<ref name = "soimap"/> The name Anamudi literally translates to "elephant's head" a reference to the resemblance of the mountain to an elephant's head.<ref>{{harvnb|The Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 5|1909|p=[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V05_342.gif 334]|Ref=imp}}</ref> | ||
Anamudi is the highest mountain in peninsular India as well as the largest mountain in Kerala. Meanwhile, the highest independent mountain ( free-standing mountain ) in Kerala is the Cheriyam mountain in [[Malappuram district]]. Cheriyam mountain is located at an elevation of 613 m (2,011 ft) above sea level. | |||
Anamudi is the highest mountain in peninsular India as well as the largest mountain in Kerala. Meanwhile, the highest independent mountain ( free-standing mountain ) in Kerala is the Cheriyam mountain in | |||
The first recorded ascent of Anamudi was by General [[Douglas Hamilton]] of the Madras Army on 4 May 1862,{{citation needed|date=June 2016}} but it is likely that there had been earlier ascents by local people. | The first recorded ascent of Anamudi was by General [[Douglas Hamilton]] of the Madras Army on 4 May 1862,{{citation needed|date=June 2016}} but it is likely that there had been earlier ascents by local people. | ||
Anamudi peak is one of only three ultra prominent peaks in [[List of Ultras of Tibet, East Asia and neighbouring areas|South India]]. It is also the peak with the greatest [[topographic isolation]] within India.<ref name="isolist">{{cite web|url=http://peakbagger.com/list.aspx?lid=302|title=World Peaks with 300 km of Isolation|publisher=Peakbagger.com|access-date= 2017-11-12}}</ref>It is the highest point in India south of [[Himalayas]]. Thus it is known as "'''Everest of South India'''".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/opinion/up-the-everest-of-the-south/2017/07/25/1633161.html |title= Up the Everest of the South - The New Indian Express |access-date=25 January 2018}}</ref> | Anamudi peak is one of only three ultra prominent peaks in [[List of Ultras of Tibet, East Asia and neighbouring areas|South India]]. It is also the peak with the greatest [[topographic isolation]] within India.<ref name="isolist">{{cite web|url=http://peakbagger.com/list.aspx?lid=302|title=World Peaks with 300 km of Isolation|publisher=Peakbagger.com|access-date= 2017-11-12}}</ref>It is the highest point in India south of [[Himalayas]]. Thus it is known as "'''Everest of South India'''".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/opinion/up-the-everest-of-the-south/2017/07/25/1633161.html |title= Up the Everest of the South - The New Indian Express |access-date=25 January 2018}}</ref> | ||
The peak is not exceptionally dramatic in term of steepness or local relief and is a [[fault-block mountain]].<ref name="brit">{{cite book|last=Hoiberg|first=Dale|author2=Ramchandani, Indu|title=Students' Britannica India, Volumes 1-5|editor=Dale Hoiberg|publisher=Popular Prakashan|year=2000|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=Kpd9lLY_0-IC&lpg=PA63&pg=PA63#v=onepage&q=&f=false 63]|isbn=0-85229-760-2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kpd9lLY_0-IC&pg=PP1}}</ref> It is located in the southern region of [[Eravikulam National Park]] at the junction of the [[Cardamom Hills]], the [[Anaimalai Hills]] and the [[Palani Hills]]. The nearest town is [[Munnar]], {{convert|13|km|mi}}. The easiest route to the summit of Anamudi is a technically easy hike on grass slopes, starting from a rolling hill plateau with a base elevation of about {{convert|2000|m|ft}}. The north and south slopes are gentle, while the east and west slopes are steeper, with more difficult rock faces. | |||
Anamudi and the [[Eravikulam National Park]] surrounding it is home to the largest surviving population of the [[Nilgiri tahr]] (''[[Nilgiritragus hylocrius]]''). [[Asian elephant]]s, [[gaur]], [[Bengal tiger]]s, and the [[Nilgiri marten]] (Martes gwatkinsii) are some of the species of animals found here .<ref name="imp220"/> The Anamudi peak<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.keralaaffairs.com/anamudi-peak-eravikulam-national-park/ |title=Anamudi peak |access-date=26 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190503065412/http://www.keralaaffairs.com/anamudi-peak-eravikulam-national-park/ |archive-date=3 May 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref> area is also habitat of a unique frog ''[[Raorchestes resplendens]]''.<ref name="eravisig">{{cite web |url=http://eravikulam.org/significance/|title=Significance of Eravikulam National Park|publisher= Eravikulam National Park|access-date=2014-11-26}}</ref> This newly discovered species is located in the Eravikulam National Park and is restricted to less than three km<sup>2</sup> on the summit of Anamudi.<ref name="anamhin">{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/New-species-of-frog-found-in-Eravikulam-National-Park/article16298734.ece|title=New species of frog found in Eravikulam National Park|date=5 May 2010|newspaper=The Hindu|access-date=12 July 2019}}</ref> The summit of the Anamudi is vegetated with patches of stunted ''[[Arundinaria]] densifolia'' and ''[[Gaultheria]] fragrantissima'' (wintergreen), ''[[Anaphalis]]'' sp., ''[[Impatiens]]'' and some species of ''Eriocaulon''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eravikulam.org/managementplan.htm |title=Eravikulam National Park Management Plan |publisher=[[Eravikulam National Park]] |access-date=2009-12-14 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100404152119/http://www.eravikulam.org/managementplan.htm |archive-date=2010-04-04 }}</ref> | |||
== Climatic zones and biomes == | == Climatic zones and biomes == | ||
| Line 177: | Line 179: | ||
|date=January 2015}} | |date=January 2015}} | ||
==Gallery== | ==Gallery== | ||
Latest revision as of 19:30, 2 July 2021
| Anamudi | |
|---|---|
| Anaimudi | |
 A view of the Anamudi peak from the Naikolli Mala ridge | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 2,695 m (8,842 ft) [1][2] |
| Prominence | 2,479 m (8,133 ft) [3] |
| Listing | Ultra List of Indian states and territories by highest point |
| Coordinates | 10°10′09″N 77°03′38″E / 10.16923°N 77.06066°ECoordinates: 10°10′09″N 77°03′38″E / 10.16923°N 77.06066°E [4] |
| Naming | |
| English translation | Elephant mountain |
| Language of name | Malayalam, Tamil |
| Geography | |
  Anamudi Location of Anamudi Peak in Kerala  Anamudi Anamudi (India) | |
| Location | Border of Kothamangalam Taluk, Ernakulam district and Devikulam Taluk, Idukki district, Kerala, India[5] |
| Parent range | Anaimalai Hills, Western Ghats |
| Geology | |
| Age of rock | Cenozoic (100 to 80 mya) |
| Mountain type | Fault-block |
| Climbing | |
| First ascent | General Douglas Hamilton in 1862 |
| Easiest route | hike |
Anamudi is a mountain located in Idukki districts of the Indian state of Kerala. It is the highest peak in the Western Ghats and in South India, at an elevation of 2,695 metres (8,842 ft)[1][2] and a topographic prominence of 2,479 metres (8,133 ft).[3] It lies on the border of Idukki district and Ernakulam district.[5] The name Anamudi literally translates to "elephant's head" a reference to the resemblance of the mountain to an elephant's head.[6] Anamudi is the highest mountain in peninsular India as well as the largest mountain in Kerala. Meanwhile, the highest independent mountain ( free-standing mountain ) in Kerala is the Cheriyam mountain in Malappuram district. Cheriyam mountain is located at an elevation of 613 m (2,011 ft) above sea level.
The first recorded ascent of Anamudi was by General Douglas Hamilton of the Madras Army on 4 May 1862,[citation needed] but it is likely that there had been earlier ascents by local people.
Anamudi peak is one of only three ultra prominent peaks in South India. It is also the peak with the greatest topographic isolation within India.[7]It is the highest point in India south of Himalayas. Thus it is known as "Everest of South India".[8] The peak is not exceptionally dramatic in term of steepness or local relief and is a fault-block mountain.[9] It is located in the southern region of Eravikulam National Park at the junction of the Cardamom Hills, the Anaimalai Hills and the Palani Hills. The nearest town is Munnar, 13 kilometres (8.1 mi). The easiest route to the summit of Anamudi is a technically easy hike on grass slopes, starting from a rolling hill plateau with a base elevation of about 2,000 metres (6,600 ft). The north and south slopes are gentle, while the east and west slopes are steeper, with more difficult rock faces.
Anamudi and the Eravikulam National Park surrounding it is home to the largest surviving population of the Nilgiri tahr (Nilgiritragus hylocrius). Asian elephants, gaur, Bengal tigers, and the Nilgiri marten (Martes gwatkinsii) are some of the species of animals found here .[10] The Anamudi peak[11] area is also habitat of a unique frog Raorchestes resplendens.[12] This newly discovered species is located in the Eravikulam National Park and is restricted to less than three km2 on the summit of Anamudi.[13] The summit of the Anamudi is vegetated with patches of stunted Arundinaria densifolia and Gaultheria fragrantissima (wintergreen), Anaphalis sp., Impatiens and some species of Eriocaulon.[14]
Climatic zones and biomes[edit]
Athirappilly Falls, the largest waterfall in Kerala, which is also known as The Niagara of India, lies on the background of Chalakudy River, which originates from the peak of Anamudi
Anamudi is the highest peak in the Western Ghats in India,[15] having an elevation of 2,695 metres (8,842 ft).[1][2][4] Anamudi is also the highest point in South India.[10] This gives Anamudi its relatively large topographic prominence of 2,479 metres (8,133 ft), the associated key saddle being over 2,000 kilometres (1,200 mi) away at 28°35′20″N 76°27′59″E / 28.58889°N 76.46639°E in Haryana state just to the west of Delhi.[3] The peak is the highest point of the Periyar River basin.[16] Köppen-Geiger climate classification system classifies it as subtropical highland (Cwb). Sholas are found in its valleys, like most meadows of the Western Ghats.[17]
| Climate data for Munnar | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 16.2 (61.2) |
18.0 (64.4) |
20 (68) |
22.0 (71.6) |
26.2 (79.2) |
25.5 (77.9) |
22.0 (71.6) |
21.9 (71.4) |
19.8 (67.6) |
19.2 (66.6) |
18.7 (65.7) |
17.8 (64.0) |
26.2 (79.2) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 10.2 (50.4) |
12.5 (54.5) |
14.4 (57.9) |
15.7 (60.3) |
16.8 (62.2) |
15.5 (59.9) |
13.8 (56.8) |
13.2 (55.8) |
12.7 (54.9) |
12.2 (54.0) |
12 (54) |
11.5 (52.7) |
13.4 (56.1) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 6.6 (43.9) |
9.0 (48.2) |
10.8 (51.4) |
11.8 (53.2) |
12.6 (54.7) |
11.8 (53.2) |
10.8 (51.4) |
10.3 (50.5) |
9.7 (49.5) |
9.2 (48.6) |
8.9 (48.0) |
8.15 (46.67) |
9.97 (49.94) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 3 (37) |
5.5 (41.9) |
7.2 (45.0) |
8 (46) |
8.5 (47.3) |
8.2 (46.8) |
7.8 (46.0) |
7.5 (45.5) |
6.8 (44.2) |
6.2 (43.2) |
5.8 (42.4) |
5.0 (41.0) |
6.6 (43.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −7.2 (19.0) |
−3.5 (25.7) |
−1.4 (29.5) |
2.0 (35.6) |
5.6 (42.1) |
5.0 (41.0) |
4.5 (40.1) |
4.0 (39.2) |
3.8 (38.8) |
3.0 (37.4) |
−2 (28) |
−4.5 (23.9) |
−7.2 (19.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 18 (0.7) |
29 (1.1) |
47 (1.9) |
129 (5.1) |
189 (7.4) |
420 (16.5) |
583 (23.0) |
364 (14.3) |
210 (8.3) |
253 (10.0) |
164 (6.5) |
64 (2.5) |
2,470 (97.3) |
| Average rainy days | 2 | 2 | 3 | 6 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 9 | 10 | 12 | 8 | 5 | 84 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 248 | 232 | 248 | 240 | 217 | 120 | 124 | 124 | 150 | 155 | 180 | 217 | 2,255 |
| Source 1: Climate-Data.org, altitude: 2695m[17] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Weather2Travel for sunshine and rainy days[18] | |||||||||||||
Gallery[edit]
Anamudi as seen from an aircraft. The peak is in the center of the image with a small white cloud seen behind its rounded summit
Anamudi, on the right, as seen on the descent towards Cochin International Airport from the Delhi-Kochi flight
Anamudi, on the right, as seen from the Munnar-Udumalpettai highway
See also[edit]
Citations[edit]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Anamudi". Kerala Tourism. Retrieved 26 November 2014.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "Explore Wild Munnar". Eravikulam National Park. Retrieved 26 November 2014.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "Southern India Mountain Ultra-Prominence". Peaklist.org. Retrieved 14 December 2009.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Anai Mudi, India". Peakbagger.com. Retrieved 14 December 2009.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Web Map Service (Map). Survey of India. Archived from the original on 1 May 2019. Retrieved 11 December 2017.
- ↑ The Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 5 1909, p. 334
- ↑ "World Peaks with 300 km of Isolation". Peakbagger.com. Retrieved 12 November 2017.
- ↑ "Up the Everest of the South - The New Indian Express". Retrieved 25 January 2018.
- ↑ Hoiberg, Dale; Ramchandani, Indu (2000). Dale Hoiberg (ed.). Students' Britannica India, Volumes 1-5. Popular Prakashan. p. 63. ISBN 0-85229-760-2.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 The Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 12 1909, p. 220
- ↑ "Anamudi peak". Archived from the original on 3 May 2019. Retrieved 26 October 2015.
- ↑ "Significance of Eravikulam National Park". Eravikulam National Park. Retrieved 26 November 2014.
- ↑ "New species of frog found in Eravikulam National Park". The Hindu. 5 May 2010. Retrieved 12 July 2019.
- ↑ "Eravikulam National Park Management Plan". Eravikulam National Park. Archived from the original on 4 April 2010. Retrieved 14 December 2009.
- ↑ "Anamudi - Kerala". Vedanta Wake up!. Archived from the original on 5 December 2014. Retrieved 26 November 2014.
- ↑ "Studies on the nature and chemistry of sediments and water of Periyar and Chalakudy Rivers, Kerala, India by Maya K." (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 July 2017. Retrieved 1 March 2005.
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 "Climate: Munnar: Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table". Climate-Data.org. Retrieved 28 August 2013.
- ↑ "Munnar Climate and Weather Averages, Kerala". Weather2Travel. Retrieved 28 August 2013.
References[edit]
- Hunter, William Wilson (2009), The Imperial Gazetteer of India, BiblioBazaar, LLC, ISBN 978-1-110-35940-0.
- Hunter, William Wilson; James Sutherland Cotton; Richard Burn; William Stevenson Meyer; Great Britain India Office (1909). The Imperial Gazetteer of India. Vol. 11. Clarendon Press. Archived from the original on 16 December 2008. Retrieved 7 January 2009.
External links[edit]
| Organisations | |
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| Informative articles | |
| Airports | |
| Amusement parks | |
| Archaeological sites | |
| Beaches |
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| Boat races | |
| Caves | |
| Dams |
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| Festivals |
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| Forts | |
| Islands | |
| Lakes | |
| Lighthouses | |
| Mountains | |
| Museums |
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| Palaces |
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| Ancient residences | |
| Waterfalls |
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| Wildlife sanctuaries |
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| Zoos | |
Categories:
- Pages using infobox mountain with language parameter
- Pages using infobox mountain with deprecated parameters
- Articles with unsourced statements from June 2016
- Mountains of the Western Ghats
- Mountains of Kerala
- Geography of Idukki district
- Two-thousanders of Asia
- Highest points of Indian states and union territories
- Tourist attractions in Idukki district
- Tourist attractions in Kerala
- Pages with maps