Narendra Modi

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Narendra Modi
File:Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi official portrait, 2021.jpg
Portrait in 2021
14th Prime Minister of India
Assumed office
26 May 2014
PresidentPranab Mukherjee
Ram Nath Kovind
Vice PresidentMohammad Hamid Ansari
Venkaiah Naidu
Preceded byManmohan Singh
Additional ministries
Assumed office
26 May 2014
Ministry and DepartmentsPersonnel, Public Grievances and Pensions, Department of Space, Department of Atomic Energy
Preceded byManmohan Singh
Leader of the House, Lok Sabha
Assumed office
26 May 2014
Preceded bySushilkumar Shinde
Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha
Assumed office
5 June 2014
Preceded byMurli Manohar Joshi
ConstituencyVaranasi
14th Chief Minister of Gujarat
In office
7 October 2001 – 22 May 2014
Governor
Preceded byKeshubhai Patel
Succeeded byAnandiben Patel
Member of Gujarat Legislative Assembly
In office
15 December 2002 – 16 May 2014
Preceded byKamlesh Patel
Succeeded bySuresh Patel
ConstituencyManinagar
In office
24 February 2002 – 19 July 2002
Preceded byVajubhai Vala
Succeeded byVajubhai Vala
ConstituencyRajkot II
Personal details
Born
Narendra Damodardas Modi

(1950-09-17) 17 September 1950 (age 74)
Vadnagar, Bombay State, Republic of India (present-day Gujarat)
Political partyBharatiya Janata Party
Other political
affiliations		National Democratic Alliance
Spouse(s)Jashodaben Modi (m. 1968; estranged)[1]
Parents
  • Damodardas Mulchand Modi (father)
  • Hiraben Modi (mother)
Residence7, Lok Kalyan Marg, New Delhi, Delhi, India
Alma materUniversity of Delhi (BA)
Gujarat University (MA)
AwardsList of state honours
Signature
WebsiteOfficial website
Government website
Nickname(s)see article
Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi, in New Delhi on August 08, 2019 (cropped).jpg
This article is part of
a series about
Narendra Modi
Incumbent

Early political career

Premiership

Budgets

National policy

Projects

Campaigns

Missions

Establishments and foundations

Events and observances

Military and rescue operations

Treaties and accords

Foreign policy

Establishments and foundations

Events and observances

Military and rescue operations

Treaties and accords

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Gallery: Picture, Sound, Video

Narendra Damodardas Modi (Gujarati: [ˈnəɾendɾə dɑmodəɾˈdɑs ˈmodiː] (About this soundlisten); born 17 September 1950)[lower-alpha 1] is an Indian politician serving as the 14th and current prime minister of India since 2014. He was the chief minister of Gujarat from 2001 to 2014 and is the Member of Parliament for Varanasi. Modi is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and its National Democratic Alliance (NDA). He is also a member of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), a Hindu nationalist volunteer organisation. He is the first prime minister born after India's independence, the second non-Congress one to win two consecutive terms after Atal Bihari Vajpayee and the first from outside the Congress to win both terms with a majority in the Lok Sabha.[3]

Born and raised in Vadnagar, a small town in northeastern Gujarat, Modi completed his secondary education there, and is said to have helped his father sell tea at the local railway station. He was introduced to the RSS at age eight.[4] Modi left home after finishing high-school in part due to child marriage to Jashodaben Chimanlal Modi, which he publicly acknowledged only many decades later. Modi travelled around India for two years and visited a number of religious centres before returning to Gujarat. In 1971 he became a full-time worker for the RSS. During the state of emergency imposed across the country in 1975, Modi was forced to go into hiding. The RSS assigned him to the BJP in 1985 and he held several positions within the party hierarchy until 2001, rising to the rank of general secretary.[lower-alpha 2]

Modi was appointed Chief Minister of Gujarat in 2001 due to Keshubhai Patel's failing health and poor public image following the earthquake in Bhuj. Modi was elected to the legislative assembly soon after. His administration has been considered complicit in the 2002 Gujarat riots,[lower-alpha 3] or otherwise criticised for its handling of it. A Supreme Court-appointed Special Investigation Team found no evidence to initiate prosecution proceedings against Modi personally.[lower-alpha 4] His policies as chief minister, credited with encouraging economic growth, have received praise.[15] His administration has been criticised for failing to significantly improve health, poverty and education indices in the state.[lower-alpha 5]

Modi led the BJP in the 2014 general election which gave the party a majority in the Indian lower house of parliament, the Lok Sabha, the first time for any single party since 1984. Modi's administration has tried to raise foreign direct investment in the Indian economy and reduced spending on healthcare and social welfare programmes. Modi has attempted to improve efficiency in the bureaucracy; he has centralised power by abolishing the Planning Commission. He began a high-profile sanitation campaign, initiated a controversial demonetisation of high-denomination banknotes and weakened or abolished environmental and labour laws.

Under Modi's tenure, India has experienced democratic backsliding.[lower-alpha 6] Following his party's victory in the 2019 general election, his administration revoked the special status of Jammu and Kashmir. His administration also introduced the Citizenship Amendment Act, which resulted in widespread protests across the country. Described as engineering a political realignment towards right-wing politics, Modi remains a figure of controversy domestically and internationally over his Hindu nationalist beliefs and his alleged role during the 2002 Gujarat riots, cited as evidence of an exclusionary social agenda.[lower-alpha 7]

Early life and education

Narendra Modi was born on 17 September 1950 to a Gujarati Hindu family of grocers in Vadnagar, Mehsana district, Bombay State (present-day Gujarat). He was the third of six children born to Damodardas Mulchand Modi (c. 1915–1989) and Hiraben Modi (born c. 1920).[24][lower-alpha 1] Modi's family belonged to the Modh-Ghanchi-Teli (oil-presser) community,[25][26][27] which is categorised as an Other Backward Class by the Indian government.[28][29] He was falsely accused by Mayawati that he added his caste to the Other Backward Class (OBC) list as a political tool.[25][30]

As a child, Modi is said to have helped his father sell tea at the Vadnagar railway station, and said that he later ran a tea stall with his brother near a bus terminus.[31] Modi completed his higher secondary education in Vadnagar in 1967, where a teacher described him as an average student and a keen debater, with interest in theatre.[32] Modi had an early gift for rhetoric in debates, and his teachers and students noted this.[33] Modi preferred playing larger-than-life characters in theatrical productions, which has influenced his political image.[34][35]

When eight years old, Modi discovered the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) and began attending its local shakhas (training sessions). There, Modi met Lakshmanrao Inamdar, popularly known as Vakil Saheb, who inducted him as a balswayamsevak (junior cadet) in the RSS and became his political mentor.[36] While Modi was training with the RSS, he also met Vasant Gajendragadkar and Nathalal Jaghda, Bharatiya Jana Sangh leaders who were founding members of the BJP's Gujarat unit in 1980.[37]

Also in Narendra Modi's childhood, in a custom traditional to his caste, his family arranged a betrothal to a girl, Jashodaben Chimanlal Modi, leading to their marriage when they were teenagers.[38][39] Sometime thereafter, he abandoned the further marital obligations implicit in the custom,[40] and left home, the couple going on to lead separate lives, neither marrying again, and the marriage itself remaining unmentioned in Modi's public pronouncements for many decades.[41] In April 2014, shortly before the national elections that swept him to power, Modi publicly affirmed that he was married and his spouse was Jashodaben; the couple has remained married, but estranged.[42]

Modi spent the ensuing two years travelling across Northern and North-eastern India, though few details of where he went have emerged.[43] In interviews, Modi has described visiting Hindu ashrams founded by Swami Vivekananda: the Belur Math near Kolkata, followed by the Advaita Ashrama in Almora and the Ramakrishna Mission in Rajkot. Modi remained only a short time at each, since he lacked the required college education.[44] Vivekananda has been described as a large influence in Modi's life.[45]

In the early summer of 1968, Modi reached the Belur Math but was turned away, after which Modi wandered through Calcutta, West Bengal and Assam, stopping in Siliguri and Guwahati. Modi then went to the Ramakrishna Ashram in Almora, where he was again rejected, before travelling back to Gujarat via Delhi and Rajasthan in 1968–69. Sometime in late 1969 or early 1970, Modi returned to Vadnagar for a brief visit before leaving again for Ahmedabad.[46][47] There, Modi lived with his uncle, working in the latter's canteen at the Gujarat State Road Transport Corporation.[48]

In Ahmedabad, Modi renewed his acquaintance with Inamdar, who was based at the Hedgewar Bhavan (RSS headquarters) in the city.[49][50][51] Modi's first known political activity as an adult was in 1971 when he joined a Jana Sangh satyagraha in Delhi led by Atal Bihari Vajpayee to enlist for the battlefield.[52][53] But the Indira Gandhi led Central government disallowed open support to Mukti Bahini and Modi was put in Tihar Jail for a short period.[54][55][56] After the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, he stopped working for his uncle and became a full-time pracharak (campaigner) for the RSS,[57] working under Inamdar.[58] Shortly before the war, Modi took part in a non-violent protest against the Indian government in New Delhi, for which he was arrested; this has been cited as a reason for Inamdar electing to mentor him.[58] Many years later Modi would co-author a biography of Inamdar, published in 2001.[59]

In 1978 Modi received a Bachelor of Arts degree in political science from the School of Open Learning[60] at the University of Delhi,[61] graduating with a third class.[62] Five years later, in 1983, he received a Master of Arts degree in political science from Gujarat University, graduating with a first class[63][64] as an external distance learning student.[65]

Early political career

In June 1975, Prime Minister Indira Gandhi declared a state of emergency in India which lasted until 1977. During this period, known as "The Emergency", many of her political opponents were jailed and opposition groups were banned.[66][67] Modi was appointed general secretary of the "Gujarat Lok Sangharsh Samiti", an RSS committee co-ordinating opposition to the Emergency in Gujarat. Shortly afterwards, the RSS was banned.[68] Modi was forced to go underground in Gujarat and frequently travelled in disguise to avoid arrest. He became involved in printing pamphlets opposing the government, sending them to Delhi and organising demonstrations.[69][70] Modi was also involved with creating a network of safe houses for individuals wanted by the government, and in raising funds for political refugees and activists.[71] During this period, Modi wrote a book in Gujarati, Sangharsh Ma Gujarat (In The Struggles of Gujarat), describing events during the Emergency.[72][73] Among the people he met in this role was trade unionist and socialist activist George Fernandes, as well as several other national political figures.[74] In his travels during the Emergency, Modi was often forced to move in disguise, once dressing as a monk, and once as a Sikh.[75]

Modi became an RSS sambhag pracharak (regional organiser) in 1978, overseeing RSS activities in the areas of Surat and Vadodara, and in 1979 he went to work for the RSS in Delhi, where he was put to work researching and writing the RSS's version of the history of the Emergency. He returned to Gujarat a short while later, and was assigned by the RSS to the BJP in 1985. In 1987 Modi helped organise the BJP's campaign in the Ahmedabad municipal election, which the BJP won comfortably; Modi's planning has been described as the reason for that result by biographers.[76][77] After L. K. Advani became president of the BJP in 1986, the RSS decided to place its members in important positions within the BJP; Modi's work during the Ahmedabad election led to his selection for this role, and Modi was elected organising secretary of the BJP's Gujarat unit later in 1987.[78]

Modi rose within the party and was named a member of the BJP's National Election Committee in 1990, helping organise L. K. Advani's 1990 Ram Rath Yatra in 1990 and Murli Manohar Joshi's 1991–92 Ekta Yatra (Journey for Unity).[32][79][80] However, he took a brief break from politics in 1992, instead establishing a school in Ahmedabad; friction with Shankersinh Vaghela, a BJP MP from Gujarat at the time, also played a part in this decision.[80] Modi returned to electoral politics in 1994, partly at the insistence of Advani, and as party secretary, Modi's electoral strategy was considered central to the BJP victory in the 1995 state assembly elections.[81][82] In November of that year Modi was elected BJP national secretary and transferred to New Delhi, where he assumed responsibility for party activities in Haryana and Himachal Pradesh.[83] The following year, Shankersinh Vaghela, a prominent BJP leader from Gujarat, defected to the Indian National Congress (Congress, INC) after losing his parliamentary seat in the Lok Sabha elections.[32] Modi, on the selection committee for the 1998 Assembly elections in Gujarat, favoured supporters of BJP leader Keshubhai Patel over those supporting Vaghela to end factional division in the party. His strategy was credited as key to the BJP winning an overall majority in the 1998 elections,[84] and Modi was promoted to BJP general secretary (organisation) in May of that year.[85]

Chief Minister of Gujarat

Main article: Narendra Modi (Chief Minister of Gujarat)

Premiership campaigns

2014 Indian general election

Main article: Bharatiya Janata Party campaign for the 2014 Indian general election
External video
BJP announces Shri Narendra Modi as its Prime Ministerial candidate for Loksabha Elections. Bharatiya Janata Party on YouTube, 13 September 2013

In September 2013 Modi was named the BJP's candidate for prime minister ahead of the 2014 Lok Sabha election.[86][87] Several BJP leaders expressed opposition to Modi's candidature,[88] including BJP founding member L. K. Advani, who cited concern with leaders who were "concerned with their personal agendas".[89] Modi played a dominant role in the BJP's election campaign.[90][91] Several people who voted for the BJP stated that if Modi had not been the prime-ministerial candidate, they would have voted for another party.[86][92][93] The focus on Modi as an individual was unusual for a BJP election campaign.[88][94] The election was described as a referendum on Narendra Modi.[95]

Modi meets his mother after winning the 2014 elections

During the campaign, Modi focused on the corruption scandals under the previous INC government, and played on his image as a politician who had created a high rate of GDP growth in Gujarat.[88] Modi projected himself as a person who could bring about "development," without focus on any specific policies.[88] His message found support among young Indians and among middle-class citizens. The BJP under Modi was able to downplay concerns about the protection of religious minorities and Modi's commitment to secularism, areas in which he had previously received criticism.[95] Prior to the election Modi's image in the media had centered around his role in the 2002 Gujarat riots, but during the campaign the BJP was able to shift this to a focus on Modi's neoliberal ideology and the Gujarat model of development,[91] although Hindutva remained a significant part of its campaign.[19][88][92] The BJP's campaign was assisted by its wide influence in the media.[96] Modi's campaign blitz cost approximately ₹50 billion (US$570 million),[95] and received extensive financial support from corporate donors.[96] In addition to more conventional campaign methods, Modi made extensive use of social media,[88][95] and addressed more than 1000 rallies via hologram appearances.[19]

The BJP won 31% of the vote,[18] and more than doubled its tally in the Lok Sabha to 282, becoming the first party to win a majority of seats on its own since 1984.[91][92] Voter dissatisfaction with the INC, as well as with regional parties in North India, was another reason for the success of the BJP,[92] as was the support from the RSS.[88] In states such as Uttar Pradesh in which the BJP performed well, it drew exceptionally high support from upper-caste Hindus, although the 10 percent of Muslim votes won was more than it had won before. It performed particularly well in parts of the country that had recently experienced violence between Hindus and Muslims.[92] The magnitude of the BJP's victory led many commentators to say that the election constituted a political realignment away from progressive parties and towards the right-wing.[92][95][97][98] Modi's tweet announcing his victory was described as being emblematic of the political realignment away from a secular, socialist state towards capitalism and Hindu cultural nationalism.[99]

Modi himself was a candidate for the Lok Sabha in two constituencies: Varanasi and Vadodara.[100] He won in both constituencies, defeating Aam Aadmi Party leader Arvind Kejriwal in Varanasi and Madhusudan Mistry of the INC in Vadodara by 570,128 votes.[101] Modi, who was unanimously elected leader of the BJP, was appointed prime minister by India's president.[102][103] To comply with the law that an MP cannot represent more than one constituency, he vacated the Vadodara seat.[104]

2019 Indian general election

External video
BJP announced manifesto and Shri Narendra Modi as prime minister candidate. Bharatiya Janata Party on YouTube, 8 April 2019.
Main article: Bharatiya Janata Party campaign for the 2019 Indian general election

On 13 October 2018, Modi was renamed as the BJP candidate for prime minister for the 2019 general election.[105] The chief campaigner for the party was BJP's president Amit Shah. Modi launched the Main Bhi Chowkidar campaign ahead of the general election.[106] In the year 2018, end Party's, second-biggest alliance Telugu Desam Party split from NDA over the matter of special-status for Andhra Pradesh.[107]

The campaign was started by Amit Shah on 8 April 2019. In the campaign, Modi was targeted by the opposition on corruption allegations over Rafale deal with France government. Highlighting this controversy the campaign "Chowkidar Chor Hai" was started, which was contrary to "Main Bhi Chowkidar" slogan.[108] Modi made defence and national security among the foremost topics for the election campaign, especially after Pulwama attack, and the retaliatory attack of Balakot airstrike was counted as an achievement of the Modi administration.[109][110] Other topics in the campaign were development and good foreign relations in the first premiership.[111]

Modi contested the Lok Sabha elections as a candidate from Varanasi. He won the seat by defeating Shalini Yadav of the Samajwadi Party, who fought on SP-BSP alliance by a margin of 479,505 votes.[112][113] Modi was unanimously appointed the prime minister for a second time by the National Democratic Alliance,[114] after the alliance won the election for the second time by securing 353 seats in the Lok Sabha with the BJP alone won 303 seats.[115][116]

Prime Minister

Main article: Premiership of Narendra Modi

Electoral history

Main article: Electoral history of Narendra Modi
Election results
Year Office Constituency Party Votes for Modi % Opponent Party Votes % Ref
2002 Member of the Legislative Assembly Rajkot II Bharatiya Janata Party Bharatiya Janata Party (icon).svg 45,298 57.32 Ashwinbhai Narbheshankar Mehta Indian National Congress Hand INC.svg 30,570 38.68 [117]
2002 Maninagar 1,13,589 73.29 Yatinbhai Oza 38,256 24.68 [118]
2007 1,39,568 69.53 Dinsha Patel 52,407 26.11 [119]
2012 1,20,470 75.38 Shweta Sanjiv Bhat 34,097 21.34 [120]
2014 Member of Lok Sabha Vadodara 8,45,464 72.75 Madhusudan Mistry 2,75,336 23.69 [121]
2014 Varanasi 5,81,022 56.37 Arvind Kejriwal Aam Aadmi Party 2,09,238 20.30 [122]
2019 6,74,664 63.62 Shalini Yadav SP-BSP Alliance File:Samajwadi Party Flag.jpg

Elephant Bahujan Samaj Party.svg

1,95,159 18.40 [123]

Personal life and image

Further information: Public image of Narendra Modi

Personal life

In accordance with Ghanchi tradition, Modi's marriage was arranged by his parents when he was a child. He was engaged at age 13 to Jashodaben Modi, marrying her when he was 18. They spent little time together and grew apart when Modi began two years of travel, including visits to Hindu ashrams.[32][124] Reportedly, their marriage was never consummated, and he kept it a secret because otherwise he could not have become a 'pracharak' in the puritan Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh.[61][125] Modi kept his marriage secret for most of his career. He acknowledged his wife for the first time when he filed his nomination for the 2014 general elections.[126][127] Modi maintains a close relationship with his mother, Hiraben.[128]

Modi at Yoga Day celebrations in New Delhi, 21 June 2015

A vegetarian and teetotaler,[129][130] Modi has a frugal lifestyle and is a workaholic and introvert.[131] Modi's 31 August 2012 post on Google Hangouts made him the first Indian politician to interact with citizens on a live chat.[132][133] Modi has also been called a fashion-icon for his signature crisply ironed, half-sleeved kurta, as well as for a suit with his name embroidered repeatedly in the pinstripes that he wore during a state visit by US President Barack Obama, which drew public and media attention and criticism.[134][135][136] Modi's personality has been variously described by scholars and biographers as energetic, arrogant, and charismatic.[18][137]

He had published a Gujarati book titled Jyotipunj in 2008, containing profiles of various RSS leaders. The longest was of M. S. Golwalkar, under whose leadership the RSS expanded and whom Modi refers to as Pujniya Shri Guruji ("Guru worthy of worship").[138] According to The Economic Times, his intention was to explain the workings of the RSS to his readers and to reassure RSS members that he remained ideologically aligned with them. Modi authored eight other books, mostly containing short stories for children.[139]

The nomination of Modi for the prime ministership drew attention to his reputation as "one of contemporary India's most controversial and divisive politicians."[95][140][141][142] During the 2014 election campaign the BJP projected an image of Modi as a strong, masculine leader, who would be able to take difficult decisions.[86][88][92][93][95] Campaigns in which he has participated have focused on Modi as an individual, in a manner unusual for the BJP and RSS.[88] Modi has relied upon his reputation as a politician able to bring about economic growth and "development".[143] Nonetheless, his role in the 2002 Gujarat riots continues to attract criticism and controversy.[11] Modi's hardline Hindutva philosophy and the policies adopted by his government continue to draw criticism, and have been seen as evidence of a majoritarian and exclusionary social agenda.[11][18][88][144] In March 2021, Modi received his first COVID-19 vaccine dose at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi.[145]

Approval ratings

Main article: Opinion polling on the Narendra Modi premiership
Modi interacting with the school children after delivering his address on Independence Day in New Delhi, 15 August 2017

As a Prime Minister, Modi has received consistently high approval ratings; at the end of his first year in office, he received an overall approval rating of 87% in a Pew Research poll, with 68% of people rating him "very favorably" and 93% approving of his government.[146] His approval rating remained largely consistent at around 74% through his second year in office, according to a nationwide poll conducted by instaVaani.[147] At the end of his second year in office, an updated Pew Research poll showed Modi continued to receive high overall approval ratings of 81%, with 57% of those polled rating him "very favorably."[148][149] At the end of his third year in office, a further Pew Research poll showed Modi with an overall approval rating of 88%, his highest yet, with 69% of people polled rating him "very favorably."[150] A poll conducted by The Times of India in May 2017 showed 77% of the respondents rated Modi as "very good" and "good".[151] In early 2017, a survey from Pew Research Center showed Modi to be the most popular figure in Indian politics.[152] In a weekly analysis by Morning Consult called the Global Leader Approval Rating Tracker, Modi had the highest net approval rating as of 22 December 2020 of all government leaders in the 13 countries being tracked.[153][154]

Awards and recognition

In March 2012 and June 2014, Modi appeared on the cover of the Asian edition of Time Magazine, one of the few Indian politicians to have done so.[155][156] He was awarded Indian of the Year by CNN-News18 (formally CNN-IBN) news network in 2014.[157] In June 2015, Modi was featured on the cover of Time Magazine.[158] In 2014, 2015, 2017 and 2020, he was named one of Time magazine's 100 Most Influential People in the World.[159][160][161][162] Forbes Magazine ranked him the 15th Most Powerful Person in the World in 2014 and the 9th Most Powerful Person in the World in 2015, 2016 and 2018.[163][164][165][166] In 2015, Modi was ranked the 13th Most Influential Person in the World by Bloomberg Markets Magazine.[167] Modi was ranked fifth on Fortune Magazine's first annual list of the "World's Greatest Leaders" in 2015.[168][169] In 2017, Gallup International Association (GIA) conducted a poll and ranked Modi as third top leader of the world.[170][171][172] In 2016, a wax statue of Modi was unveiled at Madame Tussauds wax museum in London.[173][174]

In 2015 he was named one of Time's "30 Most Influential People on the Internet" as the second-most-followed politician on Twitter and Facebook.[175] In 2018 he was the third most followed world leader on Twitter,[176] and the most followed world leader on Facebook and Instagram.[177][178] In October 2018, Modi received United Nations's highest environmental award, the 'Champions of the Earth', for policy leadership by "pioneering work in championing" the International Solar Alliance and "new areas of levels of cooperation on environmental action".[179][180] He was conferred the 2018 Seoul Peace Prize in recognition of "his dedication to improving international co-operation, raising global economic growth, accelerating the Human Development of the people of India by fostering economic growth and furthering the development of democracy through anti-corruption and social integration efforts". He is the first Indian to win the award.[181][182]

Following his second swearing-in ceremony as Prime Minister of India, a picture of Modi was displayed on the facade of the ADNOC building in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.[183] Premiered on 12 August 2019, Modi appeared in a special episode of Discovery Channel's show Man vs Wild with the host Bear Grylls,[184] becoming the second world leader after Barack Obama to appear in the adventure/survival show.[185] In the show he trekked the jungles and talked about nature and wildlife conservation with Grylls.[186] The episode was shot in Jim Corbett National Park, Uttarakhand and was broadcast in 180 countries along India.[187] The Texas India Forum hosted a community event in honour of Modi on 22 September 2019 at the NRG Stadium in Houston, Texas. The event was attended by over 50,000 people and several American politicians including President Donald Trump, making it the largest gathering for an invited foreign leader visiting the United States other than the Pope.[188][189] At the same event, Modi was presented with the Key to the City of Houston by Mayor Sylvester Turner.[190] He was awarded the Global Goalkeeper Award on 24 September 2019 in New York City by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation in recognition for the Swachh Bharat Mission and "the progress India has made in providing safe sanitation under his leadership".[191][192]

In 2020, Modi was among eight world leaders awarded the parodic Ig Nobel Prize in Medical Education "for using the COVID-19 viral pandemic to teach the world that politicians can have a more immediate effect on life and death than scientists and doctors can".[193] On 21 December 2020, President Donald Trump awarded Modi with the Legion of Merit for elevating the India–United States relations.[194][195] The Legion of Merit was awarded to Modi along with Prime Minister of Australia Scott Morrison and former Prime Minister of Japan Shinzo Abe, the "original architects" of the QUAD.[196][197][198]

On 24 February 2021, the largest cricket stadium in the world at Ahmedabad was renamed Narendra Modi Stadium by the Gujarat Cricket Association.[199]

State honours

Decoration Country Date Note Ref.
Spange des König-Abdulaziz-Ordens.png Order of Abdulaziz Al Saud  Saudi Arabia 3 April 2016 Special Class, the highest honour of Saudi Arabia awarded to non-Muslim dignitaries [200]
Ghazi Amanullah Khan Medal (Afghanistan) - ribbon bar.png State Order of Ghazi Amir Amanullah Khan  Afghanistan 4 June 2016 The highest civilian honour of Afghanistan [201]
Grand Collar of the Order of the State of Palestine ribbon.svg Grand Collar of the State of Palestine  Palestine 10 February 2018 The highest civilian honour of Palestine [202]
Order Zayed rib.png Order of Zayed  United Arab Emirates 4 April 2019 The highest civilian honour of the United Arab Emirates [203]
OOSA.jpg Order of St. Andrew  Russia 12 April 2019 The highest civilian honour of Russia [204]
Order of Izzuddin (Maldives) - ribbon bar v. 1996.png Order of the Distinguished Rule of Izzuddin  Maldives 8 June 2019 The highest honour of the Maldives awarded to foreign dignitaries [205]
The Khalifiyyeh Order of Bahrain, 1st class.png King Hamad Order of the Renaissance  Bahrain 24 August 2019 First Class, the highest honour of Bahrain awarded to foreign dignitaries [206]
US Legion of Merit Chief Commander ribbon.png Legion of Merit  United States 21 December 2020 Chief Commander, the highest degree of the Legion of Merit [207]

Other honours

Award Country/Organisation Date Note Ref.
CNN-News18 Indian of the Year CNN-News18 2014 Awarded annually by the Indian media house CNN-News18, to various Indians for the contribution in their respective fields. [208]
Champions of the Earth  United Nations 3 October 2018 Awarded annually by the United Nations Environmental Programme for the environmental leadership. [179][180]
Seoul Peace Prize  South Korea 24 October 2018 Awarded bi-annually by South Korea for the contribution in peace and harmony. [181][182]
Global Goalkeeper Award Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation 24 September 2019 Awarded annually by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation for the global leadership. [191][192]

In popular culture

Bibliography

Library resources about
Narendra Modi
For a more comprehensive list, see Bibliography of Narendra Modi.
  • Modi, Narendra (2004). Aapaatkaal Mein Gujarat (Samskarana 1 ed.). New Delhi: Prabhat Prakashan. ISBN 81-7315-466-X. OCLC 56367646.
  • ——————— (2011). Convenient Action : Gujarat's Response to Challenges of Climate Change. New Delhi: Macmillan Publishers India. ISBN 978-0-230-33192-1. OCLC 696558495.
  • ——————— (2015). Social Harmony. Prabhat Prakashan. ISBN 978-93-5048-980-2.
  • ——————— (2015). Jyotipunj. Prabhat Prakashan. ISBN 978-93-5186-231-4.
  • ——————— (21 December 2015). India's Singapore Story. ISEAS–Yusof Ishak Institute. ISBN 978-981-4695-73-2.
  • ——————— (2017). Mann Ki Baat - A Social Revolution on Radio. BlueKraft Digital Foundation. ISBN 978-9350359907.
  • ——————— (22 April 2014). A Journey: Poems by Narendra Modi. Rupa Publications India. ISBN 978-81-291-3386-1.
  • ——————— (3 February 2018). Exam Warriors. Penguin India. ISBN 978-0143441502.
  • ——————— (2018). Abode of Love. Rajpal Publishers. ISBN 978-9350642382.
  • ——————— (2014). A Journey. Translated by Manthi, Rajiv. Rupa Publications. ISBN 978-8129132628.
  • ——————— (2020). Letters to Mother [Saakshi Bhaav]. HarperCollins. ISBN 978-9353576325.
  • ——————— (2018) [2017]. President Pranab Mukherjee: A statesman. Translated by Joshi, Varun. ISBN 978-8192925554.

Notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Narendra Modi was born Narendrabhai Damodardas Modi on 17 September 1950. (Dasgupta 2012, p. 1) He used Damodardas, his middle name - Gujaratis have a tradition of using the names of their fathers as their middle names - but he is widely known as Narendra Modi. (Marino 2014, pp. 4–5)
  2. ↑ Sources stating that RSS had a deep impact on the political heriarchy of the BJP, specially in the case of Narendra Modi.[5][6][7]
  3. ↑ Sources describing Modi's administration as complicit in the 2002 violence.[8][9][10][11][12]
  4. ↑ In 2012, a court stated that investigations had found no evidence against Modi.[13][14]
  5. ↑ Sources stating that Modi has failed to improve human development indices in Gujarat.[11][12]
  6. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named lo9
  7. ↑ Sources discussing the controversy surrounding Modi.[11][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]

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