Women's Reservation Bill: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Proposes to reserve a minimum of 33% seats for women in Parliament}}
{{Short description|Proposes to reserve a minimum of 33% seats for women in Parliament (2023)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2023}}
{{distinguish|Women's Reservation Bill (2010)}}
{{Infobox legislation
{{Infobox legislation
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{{Constitution of India}}
{{Constitution of India}}
The '''Women's Reservation Bill''' or '''The Constitution (108th Amendment) Bill, 9 th March, 2010''', is a bill passed in the [[Parliament of India]] which says to amend the [[Constitution of India]] to reserve 1/3 of all seats in the lower house of Parliament of India, the [[Lok Sabha]], and in all state [[legislative assemblies]] for women. The seats were proposed to be reserved in rotation and would have been determined by draw of lots in such a way that a seat would be reserved only once in three consecutive general elections.


The [[Rajya Sabha]] passed the bill on 9 March 2010.<ref name=ra>{{cite news |title=Rajya Sabha passes Women's Reservation Bill|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-03-09/india/28137030_1_unruly-scenes-women-s-reservation-bill-constitution-amendment-bill |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811071147/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-03-09/india/28137030_1_unruly-scenes-women-s-reservation-bill-constitution-amendment-bill |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 August 2011 |work=[[The Times of India]]|date=9 March 2010 }}</ref> However, the [[Lok Sabha]] never voted on the bill.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-03-09/india/37581570_1_international-women-s-day-women-s-reservation-bill-speaker-meira-kumar |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130505090251/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-03-09/india/37581570_1_international-women-s-day-women-s-reservation-bill-speaker-meira-kumar |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 May 2013 |title=Lok Sabha Speaker Meira Kumar calls for women's empowerment|date=9 March 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=3 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Uproar in India Over Female Lawmaker Quota |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/10/world/asia/10india.html?_r=0 |newspaper=The New York Times |date=9 March 2010}}</ref> The bill lapsed since it was still pending in Lok Sabha and the Lok Sabha expired during this two times in 2014 and 2019.
'''Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam''' is the official name of '''The Constitution (One Hundred and Twenty-Eighth Amendment) Bill, 2023'''.<ref name="SJdh">{{cite news |last1=Joy |first1=Shemin |title=Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam: Top takeaways from the Women's Reservation Bill |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/nari-shakti-vandan-adhiniyam-top-takeaways-from-the-womens-reservation-bill-2692636 |access-date=20 September 2023 |work=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> This Women's Reservation Bill was introduced in [[Lok Sabha]] on 19 September 2023 during the [[Special session of the Parliament of India|special session of Parliament]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/womens-reservation-bill-imperfect-but-important-8949050/|title=Women’s reservation Bill – imperfect but important}}</ref> This legislation seeks to allocate 33 percent of the seats in the state and central legislative bodies for women.<ref>{{cite news |title='God has given me the opportunity', says PM Modi as women quota bill tabled in LS |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/womens-reservation-bill-to-be-tabled-in-lok-sabha-at-3-pm-today-101695109480855.html |work=Hindustan Times |date=19 September 2023 |language=en}}</ref>


==Women's reservation==
The bill is the possible culmination of a legislative debate that had been ongoing for 27 years, including the lapsed [[Women's Reservation Bill (2010)]], due to the lack of consensus among political parties. The bill was the first that was considered in the new parliament building.<ref>{{cite news |title=Parliament special session: Govt introduces women's reservation bill in LS |url=https://www.business-standard.com/india-news/govt-lists-women-s-reservation-bill-for-introduction-in-lok-sabha-123091900443_1.html |access-date=19 September 2023 |work=Business Standard}}</ref> On 20 September 2023, Lok Sabha passed the bill with 454 votes in favour and two against.<ref name="IN_votes_third_seats_for_women">{{cite Q|Q122735230|url-status=live}}</ref>
In 1993, a [[constitutional amendment]] was passed in India that called for a random one third of village council leader, or [[sarpanch]], positions in [[gram panchayat]], to be reserved for women.<ref>{{cite journal | url=https://www.povertyactionlab.org/evaluation/impact-women-policymakers-public-goods-india | title=Women as Policy Makers: Evidence from a Randomized Policy Experiment in India | author=Chattopadhyay, Raghabendra, and [[Esther Duflo]] | journal=[[Econometrica]] | year=2004 | volume=72 | issue=5 | pages=1409–43 | publisher=[[The Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab]] | doi=10.1111/j.1468-0262.2004.00539.x | hdl=1721.1/39126 |access-date=December 14, 2018 | hdl-access=free }}</ref>


There is a long-term plan to extend this reservation to parliament and legislative assemblies.<ref>[http://www.merinews.com/catFull.jsp?articleID=134425 Women are seeking 33% reservation in jobs, promotions]</ref><ref>[http://www.rediff.com/news/2005/aug/24spec2.htm Women's Bill: What's the fuss about?] [[Rediff]] 24 August 2005.</ref><ref>[http://www.indianexpress.com/res/web/pIe/ie/daily/19980811/22350054.html The reservations business], ''[[Indian Express]]'', 11 August 1998.</ref>
==Statistics==
The 2023 composition of the Lok Sabha reveals underrepresentation of women Members of Parliament (MPs), constituting less than 15 percent of its members. Similarly, this gender disparity is stronger in state assemblies including [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Andhra Pradesh]], [[Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Arunachal Pradesh]], [[Assam Legislative Assembly|Assam]], [[Goa Legislative Assembly|Goa]], [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly|Gujarat]], [[Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Himachal Pradesh]], [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly|Karnataka]], [[Kerala Legislative Assembly|Kerala]], [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Madhya Pradesh]], [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Maharashtra]], [[Manipur Legislative Assembly|Manipur]], [[Meghalaya Legislative Assembly|Meghalaya]], [[Odisha Legislative Assembly|Odisha]], [[Sikkim Legislative Assembly|Sikkim]], [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|Tamil Nadu]], [[Telangana Legislative Assembly|Telangana]], [[Tripura Legislative Assembly|Tripura]] and [[Puducherry Legislative Assembly|Puducherry]], where the representation of women falls below 10 percent.<ref>{{cite news |title=Women's Reservation Bill: Pending for almost three decades for want of unanimity |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/womens-reservation-bill-pending-for-almost-three-decades-for-want-of-unanimity-2690179 |access-date=20 September 2023 |work=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> The presence of female MPs in the Lok Sabha has exhibited a gradual enhancement, progressing from a mere 5% in the [[1st Lok Sabha]] to an increase of 14% in the current [[17th Lok Sabha]]. A total of 716 female candidates participated in the [[2019 Indian general election|2019 general election]], from which 78 women [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Members of Parliament]] have been successfully elected to serve in the 17th Lok Sabha. This is about a third higher than for the previous election in 2014, where 62 women MPs were elected.<ref>{{cite web |title=Profile of the newly elected 17th Lok Sabha |url=https://prsindia.org/parliamenttrack/vital-stats/profile-of-the-newly-elected-17th-lok-sabha |website=PRS Legislative Research |access-date=20 September 2023}}</ref>
 
The bill introduced by the [[Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs (India)|State Minister of the Parliamentary Affairs]] [[Arjun Ram Meghwal]] on the day-one of business in the newly built ''[[Sansad Bhavan]]'' aims to increase the number of Women Parliamentarians to 181.<ref>{{cite news |title=NDA officially tables women’s reservation bill in Parliament |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2023/sep/19/nda-officially-tables-womens-reservation-bill-in-parliament-2616272.html |access-date=19 September 2023 |work=The New Indian Express}}</ref> The 2023 [[Lok Sabha]] comprises a total of 542 members, of which 78 are female members. Similarly, the present [[Rajya Sabha]] consists of 224 members, with 24 being female members. A total of 102 women parliamentarians are serving as of 2023.<ref>{{cite web |title=Women in Parliament - Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs |url=https://www.mpa.gov.in/sites/default/files/Women%20in%20Parliament_0.pdf |access-date=20 September 2023}}</ref>
 
On 20 September 2023, Union Home Minister [[Amit Shah]] informed during the discussion on  the Women's Reservation Bill that census and the delimitation exercise will take place after the Lok Sabha elections in 2024.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/amit-shah-census-delimitation-exercise-women-reservation-bill-lok-sabha-parliament-2438277-2023-09-20|title=Census, delimitation exercise after election: Amit Shah on women’s quota bill}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/census-a-must-for-womens-reservation-bill-to-become-reality/article67322993.ece|title=Census a must for women’s reservation Bill to become reality}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/womens-reservation-bill-will-be-implemented-only-after-2029-amit-shah/article67327038.ece|title=Women’s reservation Bill will be implemented only after 2029: Amit Shah}}</ref>
 
==Provisions==
The proposed legislation defines the 33% women reservation to continue for 15 years. Additionally, it mandates that a quota for individuals belonging to the [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes]] be established within the reserved seats designated for women.<ref name="wion5TA">{{cite news |title=India: 5 key takeaways from Women's Reservation Bill aka 'Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam' |url=https://www.wionews.com/india-news/india-5-key-takeaways-from-womens-reservation-bill-aka-nari-shakti-vandan-adhiniyam-637652 |access-date=20 September 2023 |work=WION |language=en-us}}</ref>
 
==Implementation==
The reservation was defined to be implemented once a new census is published and the delimitation exercise is completed. Union Home Minister Amit Shah said in the House that a census will be carried out to implement the women's reservation bill, right after the elections. He also said that the next government will carry out the delimitation soon after the 2024 Lok Sabha polls, brushing aside the apprehensions of a delay in the bill's implementation<ref>{{Cite web |title=Census, delimitation exercise after election: Amit Shah on women’s quota bill |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/amit-shah-census-delimitation-exercise-women-reservation-bill-lok-sabha-parliament-2438277-2023-09-20 |access-date=2023-09-21 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>. The process of delimitation entails the revision of constituency boundaries pertaining to Lok Sabha and State Assemblies, with the aim of accurately reflecting increase in population distribution. To be fully ratified, the bill needs ratification from a minimum of 50% of the states. The constitutional reasoning for requiring ratification by the states is its potential impact of the bill on the rights of states.<ref name="wion5TA" />


==See also==
==See also==
; Law in India
* [[Women's political participation in India]]
*[[Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013]]
* [[Women's Reservation Bill (2010)]]
 
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
 
{{Parliament of India}}
{{Law}}
{{India topics}}


; Women in India
[[Category:Parliament of India]]
{{Div col|colwidth=15em}}
[[Category:Lok Sabha]]
* [[Domestic violence in India]]
[[Category:Rajya Sabha]]
* [[Dowry system in India]]
[[Category:Law of India]]
* [[Female foeticide in India]]
[[Category:National legislatures|India]]
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[[Category:Government of India]]
* [[Gender pay gap in India]]
[[Category:Politics of India]]
* [[Men's rights movement in India]]
[[Category:2023 in India]]
* [[National Commission for Women]]
[[Category:Modi administration initiatives]]
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* [[Women in India]]
* [[Women in Indian Armed Forces]]
* [[Women's suffrage in India]]
{{div col end}}


==References==
{{reflist}}


[[Category:Reservation in India]]
{{India-law-stub}}
[[Category:Proposed laws of India]]
[[Category:2010 in Indian law]]
[[Category:2010 in law]]
[[Category:Manmohan Singh administration]]
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[[Category:Indian women in politics| ]]
[[Category:2010 in women's history]]

Revision as of 22:06, 21 September 2023


Not to be confused with Women's Reservation Bill (2010).
Women's Reservation Bill
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Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam is the official name of The Constitution (One Hundred and Twenty-Eighth Amendment) Bill, 2023.[1] This Women's Reservation Bill was introduced in Lok Sabha on 19 September 2023 during the special session of Parliament.[2] This legislation seeks to allocate 33 percent of the seats in the state and central legislative bodies for women.[3]

The bill is the possible culmination of a legislative debate that had been ongoing for 27 years, including the lapsed Women's Reservation Bill (2010), due to the lack of consensus among political parties. The bill was the first that was considered in the new parliament building.[4] On 20 September 2023, Lok Sabha passed the bill with 454 votes in favour and two against.[5]

Statistics

The 2023 composition of the Lok Sabha reveals underrepresentation of women Members of Parliament (MPs), constituting less than 15 percent of its members. Similarly, this gender disparity is stronger in state assemblies including Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Goa, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Odisha, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Tripura and Puducherry, where the representation of women falls below 10 percent.[6] The presence of female MPs in the Lok Sabha has exhibited a gradual enhancement, progressing from a mere 5% in the 1st Lok Sabha to an increase of 14% in the current 17th Lok Sabha. A total of 716 female candidates participated in the 2019 general election, from which 78 women Members of Parliament have been successfully elected to serve in the 17th Lok Sabha. This is about a third higher than for the previous election in 2014, where 62 women MPs were elected.[7]

The bill introduced by the State Minister of the Parliamentary Affairs Arjun Ram Meghwal on the day-one of business in the newly built Sansad Bhavan aims to increase the number of Women Parliamentarians to 181.[8] The 2023 Lok Sabha comprises a total of 542 members, of which 78 are female members. Similarly, the present Rajya Sabha consists of 224 members, with 24 being female members. A total of 102 women parliamentarians are serving as of 2023.[9]

On 20 September 2023, Union Home Minister Amit Shah informed during the discussion on the Women's Reservation Bill that census and the delimitation exercise will take place after the Lok Sabha elections in 2024.[10][11][12]

Provisions

The proposed legislation defines the 33% women reservation to continue for 15 years. Additionally, it mandates that a quota for individuals belonging to the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes be established within the reserved seats designated for women.[13]

Implementation

The reservation was defined to be implemented once a new census is published and the delimitation exercise is completed. Union Home Minister Amit Shah said in the House that a census will be carried out to implement the women's reservation bill, right after the elections. He also said that the next government will carry out the delimitation soon after the 2024 Lok Sabha polls, brushing aside the apprehensions of a delay in the bill's implementation[14]. The process of delimitation entails the revision of constituency boundaries pertaining to Lok Sabha and State Assemblies, with the aim of accurately reflecting increase in population distribution. To be fully ratified, the bill needs ratification from a minimum of 50% of the states. The constitutional reasoning for requiring ratification by the states is its potential impact of the bill on the rights of states.[13]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Joy, Shemin. "Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam: Top takeaways from the Women's Reservation Bill". Deccan Herald. Retrieved 20 September 2023.
  2. ↑ "Women's reservation Bill – imperfect but important".
  3. ↑ "'God has given me the opportunity', says PM Modi as women quota bill tabled in LS". Hindustan Times. 19 September 2023.
  4. ↑ "Parliament special session: Govt introduces women's reservation bill in LS". Business Standard. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
  5. ↑
  6. ↑ "Women's Reservation Bill: Pending for almost three decades for want of unanimity". Deccan Herald. Retrieved 20 September 2023.
  7. ↑ "Profile of the newly elected 17th Lok Sabha". PRS Legislative Research. Retrieved 20 September 2023.
  8. ↑ "NDA officially tables women's reservation bill in Parliament". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
  9. ↑ "Women in Parliament - Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs" (PDF). Retrieved 20 September 2023.
  10. ↑ "Census, delimitation exercise after election: Amit Shah on women's quota bill".
  11. ↑ "Census a must for women's reservation Bill to become reality".
  12. ↑ "Women's reservation Bill will be implemented only after 2029: Amit Shah".
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 "India: 5 key takeaways from Women's Reservation Bill aka 'Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam'". WION. Retrieved 20 September 2023.
  14. ↑ "Census, delimitation exercise after election: Amit Shah on women's quota bill". India Today. Retrieved 21 September 2023.


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