Mumbai Monorail

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MMRDA
Monorail seal.jpg
Seal of MMRDA Mumbai Monorail
Mumbai Monorail (14753014374).jpg
Overview
OwnerMumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority (MMRDA)
Area servedMumbai City & Mumbai Suburban
LocaleMumbai, Maharashtra, India
Transit typeStraddle-beam monorail
Number of lines1
Number of stations17
Annual ridership1.2 Million
HeadquartersMumbai, Maharashtra
Operation
Began operation2 February 2014; 9 years ago (2 February 2014)
Number of vehicles4
Train length4 coaches
Headway45 minutes[1]
Technical
System length19.54 km (12.14 mi)[2]
No. of tracks2
Electrification750 V DC Third rail
Average speed32 km/h (20 mph)[3]
Top speed80 km/h (50 mph)

Mumbai Monorail is a monorail system in the city of Mumbai, Maharashtra, built as part of a major expansion of public transport in the city. The project is implemented and operated by the Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority (MMRDA). It is the first monorail in India since the Kundala Valley Railway and Patiala State Monorail Trainways were closed in the 1920s.[4][5] The system started commercial operation after partially opening its Phase 1 to the public in 2014. And as of 2019, the Mumbai Monorail is the third largest monorail system by ridership in the world.[citation needed]

History[edit]

Background[edit]

The Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority (MMRDA) first proposed a monorail in 2005.[6] According to the MMRDA, the bus service operating in the city plied crowded and narrow areas at very slow speeds, thus offering no benefits to the commuters and adding to the traffic congestion. The MMRDA stated that the monorail would connect many parts of the city which were not connected by suburban rail system or the proposed metro rail system. The agency also stated that the monorail would be an efficient feeder transit to the metro and suburban rail systems offering efficient, safe, air-conditioned, comfortable and affordable public transport to commuters.[7]

The construction of the first monorail line in Mumbai was mostly done from 2014. But nothing concrete came out of the notification for many years. The proposed line would connect Jacob Circle, Wadala and Mahul via Chembur, providing a feeder service to the existing Mumbai Suburban Railway.[8] On 11 November 2008, Larsen and Toubro, along with the Malaysian partners Scomi Engineering Bhd, were awarded a ₹24.6 billion (US$340 million) contract to build and operate the monorail until 2029.[9]

The cost of the monorail service was estimated in 2010 to be ₹2.0 billion (roughly ₹850 million (US$12 million) per km). Approximately 135 kilometres (84 mi) of line is planned to be built in phases between 2011 and 2031.[10]

Construction[edit]

Then Maharashtra Chief Minister Ashok Chavan laid the foundation stone in a ceremony at the Acres Club, Chembur on 9 February 2009.[11] The MMRDA commissioned the construction of the line in two phases. The first stretch linked Wadala on the outskirts of the island city with Chembur in the north-east, and the second connected Wadala with Jacob Circle in South Mumbai.[12] The original deadline for the project was April 2011.[13] The project was delayed by issues involving land, removal of encroachments, delays in getting permissions from the civic body and railways,[14] and missed several deadlines for completion. The following months had all been announced as deadlines for the first phase - December 2010, May 2011, November 2011, May 2012, December 2012, June 2013, August 2013, 15 September 2013,[15] October 2013 and December 2013. Deadlines announced for the second phase were May 2011, December 2011, May 2012, December 2012, December 2013, June 2014, December 2014 and March 2015.[16] A Right to Information (RTI) request filed by RTI activist Anil Galgali revealed that the three-year delay in commissioning the monorail was primarily due to change of alignment of its route, which led to further cost escalation of the project.[17]

A 108-meter test run was successfully conducted on 26 January 2010.[18] A one-kilometer test run from Wadala to the Bhakti Park monorail station was undertaken on 18 February 2012.[19] The first test run of the entire route was conducted by the MMRDA in November 2012.[13]

In late December 2013, the MMRDA announced that it had submitted an application to Safety Certification Authority (Engineer) for the Chembur-Wadala stretch. The Safety Certification Authority goes through the documents, and physically inspects the corridor, and commercial operations can commence only after receiving its approval.[20] The electrical systems were certified by the Electrical Inspector General.[19] The contractor, the consortium of L&T and Scomi Engineering, had safety checks performed by an independent inspector. Official safety checks were performed by SMRT Corp of Singapore and R.C. Garg, retired Commissioner of Railway Safety.[21] The final safety certificate was issued on 20 January.[22][23] The safety certificate was then forwarded to the State Government, which issued a notification for commissioning the system. The notification contains norms for operation and maintenance of the system, which requires approval from the Chief Minister.[24]

Opening[edit]

Mumbai Monorail trains parked at Wadala Depot station

Line 1 was inaugurated by Maharashtra Chief Minister Prithviraj Chavan on 1 February 2014 at the Wadala Depot monorail station. After flagging off the first monorail train at 3:47 pm, Chavan along with Deputy Chief Minister Ajit Pawar, and other officials rode the entire route, arriving at Chembur monorail station, 20 minutes later.[25][26][27][28] The party then proceeded to Gandhi Maidan, 15th Road, Chembur (East), where the Chavan declared the monorail "open".[29] The monorail was opened to the public the following day,[30] with the first trip commencing from Wadala Depot at 7:08 am.[31] According to the MMRDA, it had very few passengers, as the gates were opened to the public only at 7:10 am, when the train had already left.[32] Nallasopara resident Sunil Appa Khade claimed to be the first ever commuter on the monorail. However, Abhishek Chopra claimed that though he was second in queue, he had managed to enter the monorail first.[32][33] The first train from the opposite side, departed Chembur at 7:10 am[34] Services had been scheduled to operate until 3:00 pm, however, station doors were closed by 2:30 pm due to larger than expected ridership. Services were operated until 4:30 pm, in order to provide a ride to everyone who had purchased a ticket.[35] On opening day, 19,678 passengers travelled on the line. Sixty-six services were operated on the first day,[36] netting a revenue of ₹2.2 lakh (US$3,100) through the sale of tickets and smart cards.[31][33][37]

In the first week of operations (2–8 February 2014), the monorail transported 1,36,865 passengers in about 512 trips, earning a total revenue of ₹14,24,810. A total of 1,32,523 tokens and 1409 smart cards were also sold during the first week.[38][39][40] According to the MMRDA, between 2 February and 1 March, a total of 4,58,871 commuters used the monorail, generating a total revenue ₹44,66,522.[41] The monorail was closed for the first time on 17 March 2014 due to Holi.[42]

Years of delays later Phase 2 was inaugurated by Maharashtra Chief Minister Devendra Fadnavis on 3 March 2019.[43]

Plan[edit]

The Mumbai Monorail master plan proposed the construction of 8 lines at a cost of ₹202.96 billion (US$2.8 billion).[44]

Phase Line Corridor Length (km) Estimated cost
Phase I 1 Chembur–Wadala Depot–Jacob Circle 19.54 ₹27.16 billion (US$380 million)
2 Mulund–Goregaon–Borivali 30 ₹41.7 billion (US$580 million)
4 Lokhandwala–SEEPZ–Kanjurmarg 13.14 ₹18,265 million (US$260 million)
5 Thane – Mira-Bhayandar – Dahisar 24.25 ₹33,708 million (US$470 million)
Phase II 6 Kalyan–Ulhasnagar–Dombivli 26.40 ₹36,696 million (US$510 million)
7 Chembur–Ghatkopar–Kopar Khairane 16.72 ₹36,863 million (US$520 million)
8 Mahape–Shil Phata–Kalyan 21.10 ₹29,329 million (US$410 million)

In September 2011, the MMRDA said that did not have an immediate plan to begin construction of a second monorail line in the region.[45] They clarified that although it did not mean that they are not interested in carrying out the project, it may not follow the currently planned schedule. An MMRDA official stated, "There is no point in going for new routes. As long as the first route is not commissioned and the results are not out, we would not commission any new routes. MMRDA feels the need for a monorail would arise after all the proposed metro rail routes were commissioned with the monorail serving as a feeder service."[46]

In 2009, the MMRDA proposed the construction of an additional line on the Thane-Bhiwandi-Kalyan route. The route was proposed to have a station at every kilometer, cost ₹3,750 crore (equivalent to ₹76 billion or US$1.1 billion in 2019) and be implemented on public-private partnership basis. It was further proposed to extend the corridor from Kalyan to Badlapur in the next phase.[47] This project was shelved by the MMRDA in February 2014. The proposed corridor would have been 23.75 km long, and cost approximately ₹3,169 crore.[48]

Further development of the monorail system is on hold, and questions have been raised as to whether the proposed monorail corridors will have sufficient capacity to meet Mumbai's requirements.[49] The monorail may not be further extended by the MMRDA, as it may prove inadequate for Mumbai's population density. Foreign consultants have suggested a Metro or LRT system over a monorail for many Indian cities, e.g. Bangalore.[50][51][52]

On 16 April 2015, The Economic Times reported that the State Government had decided to scrap all future monorail projects. The paper quoted an MMRDA official as saying, "There was a proposal for a Monorail from Thane to Kalyan and Bhiwandi, and also a line from Thane to Wadala. However, all those plans have been scrapped. There won't be any new Monorail projects."[53][54][55]

Line 1[edit]

Line 1 on Mumbai map
Main article: Line 1 (Mumbai Monorail)

Line 1 connects Jacob Circle in South Mumbai with Chembur in eastern Mumbai.[56] It was built at a cost of approximately ₹3,000 crore (US$420 million). The 20.21 km line is fully elevated. Line 1 is owned and operated by the MMRDA.[57] The monorail supplements service of the Mumbai Suburban Railway in some heavily populated areas.[58] The first phase, built at a cost of ₹1,100 crore (US$150 million),[59] consists of 7 stations from Chembur to Wadala Depot, and was opened to the public on 2 February 2014. An extension for Line 1 consisting of 11 stations from Wadala Depot to Jacob Circle will be built at a cost of ₹1,900 crore (US$270 million).[25] It suffered through delays due to shortage of functional monorail rakes.[60] Phase 2 finally opened on 3 March 2019.[61]

Infrastructure[edit]

Rolling stock[edit]

Monorail arrival inside station
Mumbai Monorail Inside

The monorail uses Scomi SUTRA systems built in Malaysia by Scomi Rail Bhd. The first car was shipped to India on 2 January 2010, marking the first time that rail cars manufactured by the company were exported overseas.[62] Six trains currently operate in the first phase of the line. Ten more will be added in the second phase.[63] Monorail trains are royal pink, apple green, and ice blue in colour,[64] with black and white stripes.[58]

Each monorail train consists of 4 coaches having a combined passenger capacity of 568.[65] There are roughly 18 seated and 142 standing passengers at an average of seven persons per square metre per carriage (the end cars have a different capacity due to the driving position).[66] The low number of seats was to ensure that the flow of people in and out of the coach was not hampered.[67] Some sections of seats are reserved for pregnant women, the elderly and the differently-abled.[68] Handrails and handgrips are installed in coaches, within easy reach of all standing passengers. A 4-coach monorail train has a total length of 44.8 metres, and each coach weighs 15 tonnes.[69] All coaches are air-conditioned.[67] There are 2 CCTV cameras installed in each coach.[70]

Stations[edit]

The elevated stations can be reached via staircases and escalators.[58] Each station will soon have a total of four escalators - two from ground level to concourse, and two more from concourse to the platform.[71][72] Stations do not have any public toilets.[73] MMRDA Commissioner UPS Madan said, "Nowhere in the world are there public toilets at monorail stations. The monorail journey is a short one, so the provision of public toilets was not made when the plan for stations was chalked out."[74] All stations are equipped with baggage scanners, armed security guards at all stations entry points and CCTV cameras.[75] Personnel of the Maharashtra State Security Corporation (MSSC) are deployed at the stations.[76]

As part of the Station Area Traffic Improvement Scheme (SATIS), the MMRDA announced in April 2017 that it would move all bus and taxi stands to a distance of about 40–50 metres away from the monorail stations. The MMRDA believes that the current location of the stand just next the stations results in traffic congestion and restricts movement of pedestrians.[77]

Depot and control centre[edit]

At Wadala, facilities were built on a 6.5-hectare site for administration and other operational needs.[78] The operation control centre is equipped with surveillance video feeds from CCTVs and SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition), which monitors the power supply.[6] Vehicle and train washing specialist Smith Bros & Webb was awarded a contract to provide Britannia Train Wash plants for the Mumbai Monorail. Smith Bros & Webb designs and manufactures its own wash equipment under the brand name of Britannia.[79]

Safety and security[edit]

Every station on the line is equipped with Door Frame Metal Detectors (DFMDs),[80] X-ray baggage scanners, CCTV cameras[81] and comply with NFPA (National Fire Protection Agency) 130 norms.[6] Around 500 armed personnel and private guards are deployed at the 7 stations of the first phase. Officers in plainclothes are present inside trains, and real-time checks are conducted to curb trouble-makers, pickpockets and molesters.[81] All stations have armed security guards at all entry points,[75] and personnel of the Maharashtra State Security Corporation (MSSC) are deployed at the stations.[76] All personnel manning the station premises are equipped with hand-held detectors. A bomb detection and disposal squad and a dog squad are also deployed at all stations.[81]

The doors of coaches will not open when the train is in motion.[69] Train operators will be given breath analyser tests when they report for duty. Violations will be met with disciplinary action, fines, and possible civil charges.[82]

Operations[edit]

A Mumbai Monorail train at Bhakti Park station.

Fares[edit]

On 1 February 2014, at the time of inauguration the minimum fare on Line 1 was ₹5

Noise[edit]

According to studies conducted by the Mumbai Metropolitan Regional Development Authority (MMRDA) during the monorail trial run, it was found that the monorail produces between 65 – 85 decibels of noise, significantly lower than the 95 decibel noise level of a BEST Bus.[83]

Speed[edit]

The monorail will have a top speed of 80 kilometres per hour (50 mph), an average speed of 65 kilometres per hour (40 mph)[5] and the overall speed including dwell time at stations would be around 31 kilometres per hour (19 mph).[10]

Capacity and frequency[edit]

The capacity of each four-car consist is 568 commuters under a 'crush load'[84] and 852 passengers for a six-car consist.[85] There are roughly 20 seated and 124 standing passengers per carriage (the end cars have a different capacity due to the driving position).[86] The system has been designed for a 3-minute headway with operation from 05:00 to 24:00. The projected peak-hour traffic is 7,400 passengers per hour per direction with 125,000 passengers per day; this is projected to rise to 8,300 and 300,000 respectively by 2013.[87] In December 2017, the frequency is only 18,000 passengers per day.[88]

The monorail initially operated from 7 am and 3 pm.[89] This was later expanded to 7 am to 7 pm. The full operating hours will be from 5 am to midnight, starting by February 2015.[90] The MMRDA announced that Mumbai monorail from Wadala depot to Chembur will be running for 14 hours straight. The services would run from 6 am to 8 pm with a frequency of 15 minutes. Extended timing will also result in increase in number of monorail services per day from 64 to 112.

After Phase 2 opened, schedule was changed to 6 am to 10 pm with frequency of 45 minutes.[1][61]

Proposed future extension[edit]

There have been calls among several experts to extend the Mumbai Monorail Line 1 from its current southern endpoint of Jacob Circle to further west for till Babulnath Mandir Via Lala lajpat Rai College towards Gopalrao Deshmukh Marg and also then to extend from the current starting point of Chembur monorail station and extend by 2 km north to Ghatkopar Station via Mahul Road thereby establishing a link between two currently unconnected Transportation hubs, thereby enhancing and adding on the current usability, reach and capacity of the system. Official planning has not begun.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "6 Monorails defunct, commuters fume over frequency". 8 April 2019.
  2. ↑ "Water transport slips out of MMRDA's hands". Mumbai Mirror. Archived from the original on 7 March 2012. Retrieved 27 August 2010.
  3. ↑ "Brace up for ride in a metro/Powai Development". Archived from the original on 23 September 2014. Retrieved 17 February 2012.
  4. ↑ "Malaysian company says won bid to build India's first monorail". USA Today. 10 November 2008. Retrieved 17 February 2012.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Mumbai monorail to run in two years". The Times of India. 27 September 2007. Retrieved 19 March 2009.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 "India's first monorail readies for take-off". Livemint. 29 January 2014. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
  7. ↑ "Mumbai Monorail Project". MMRDA. Archived from the original on 19 February 2014. Retrieved 7 February 2014.
  8. ↑ Devraj Dasgupta (14 August 2008). "Deshmukh makes way for 1st monorail project". Timesofindia.indiatimes.com. TNN. Retrieved 25 August 2010.
  9. ↑ "Financial bids for Mumbai Monorail project open". Business Standard. 25 June 2008. Archived from the original on 31 December 2007. Retrieved 25 August 2010.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 "Monorail integration with CR, WR and Harbour Line". Accommodation Times. 26 November 2010. Archived from the original on 1 December 2010. Retrieved 2 September 2014.
  11. ↑ "Scomi to earn RM120m from Mumbai monorail works" (PDF). Business Times. 10 February 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 September 2013. Retrieved 25 January 2013.
  12. ↑ "CM inaugurates the first Monorail project in Mumbai" (PDF). India Today. 10 February 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 September 2013. Retrieved 25 January 2013.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 "End-to-end trial run of monorail conducted". Indian Express. 23 November 2012. Retrieved 25 January 2014.
  14. ↑ "Mumbai monorail to be ready by Dec, Metro by March". 12 June 2012.
  15. ↑ DNA Correspondent (22 March 2012). "Monorail-II only by Dec 2013". DNA India. Mumbai. Retrieved 25 January 2014.
  16. ↑ Ateeq Shaikh (23 January 2014). "dna special: Cheers! You can enjoy monorail ride in Mumbai by month-end". DNA. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
  17. ↑ Anand Mishra (29 January 2014). "Delay due to changed route". The Asian Age. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
  18. ↑ "Trial run of monorail successful in Mumbai – Oneindia News". News.oneindia.in. 26 January 2010. Retrieved 25 August 2010.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 "Monorail takes its first ride around town". Mumbai Mirror. 19 February 2012. Retrieved 25 January 2014.
  20. ↑ "Monorail goes for final safety test". The Times of India. 28 December 2013. Archived from the original on 31 December 2013. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
  21. ↑ "Monorail just a step away from getting safety certificate". The Indian Express. 14 January 2014. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
  22. ↑ "It's all clear for monorail". The Indian Express. 21 January 2014. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
  23. ↑ "Monorail gets safety nod". The Times of India. 21 January 2014. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
  24. ↑ Ateeq Shaikh (21 January 2014). "Mumbai monorail clears safety signal, all set to roll". DNA. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 "India's first Monorail rolls out in city". The Indian Express. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
  26. ↑ "First mono runs crowded like the good old local". Mumbai Mirror. 1 February 2014. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
  27. ↑ Ateeq Shaikh (1 February 2014). "India's first monorail flagged off by Maharashtra's Chief Minister Prithviraj Chavan". DNA. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
  28. ↑ "India's first Monorail launched in Mumbai". Business Standard. 2 February 2014. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
  29. ↑ "Chavan inaugurates Mumbai Monorail". Indiablooms.com. 1 February 2014. Archived from the original on 4 February 2014. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
  30. ↑ "India's first monorail starts journey". The Times of India. 2 February 2014. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 "Joyride begins, nearly 20K take monorail on Day One". The Indian Express. 6 February 2014. Retrieved 19 February 2014.
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 "Rs 1,100-cr Mumbai monorail stumbles on Re 1 coins". NDTV. 3 February 2014. Retrieved 19 February 2014.
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 "Monorail fever grips Mumbai; carries 20,000 on Day 1". DNA. 3 February 2014. Retrieved 19 February 2014.
  34. ↑ "Monorail riders thrilled at bird's eye view of Mumbai". The Times of India. 3 February 2014. Archived from the original on 5 February 2014. Retrieved 19 February 2014.
  35. ↑ "20,000 ride Mumbai's monorail on Day 1". The Economic Times. 3 February 2014. Retrieved 19 February 2014.
  36. ↑ Ateeq Shaikh (4 February 2014). "Mumbai monorail: 19,600 have joyride on Day 2". DNA. Retrieved 19 February 2014.
  37. ↑ Neha LM Tripathi (3 February 2014). "Senior citizens get bitten by monorail bug". Mid-Day. Retrieved 19 February 2014.
  38. ↑ "Mumbai monorail a hit, 136,000 use it in a week". Business Standard. 10 February 2014. Retrieved 19 February 2014.
  39. ↑ Anand Mishra (10 February 2014). "1.36 lakh passengers rode Mono in a week". The Asian Age. Retrieved 19 February 2014.
  40. ↑ "Monorail genuine clientele hits security hurdle". The Indian Express. 18 February 2014. Retrieved 19 February 2014.
  41. ↑ "30 days, 4.5l commuters in monorail". 3 March 2014.
  42. ↑ "Megablock, no monorail on Monday - Times of India". indiatimes.com. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
  43. ↑ "Phase II of Mumbai Monorail from Wadala to Jacob's Circle to be inaugurated by Maharashtra CM". Times Now. 3 March 2019. Retrieved 10 March 2019.
  44. ↑ "Travel in city to get easier by 2021". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 2 October 2011. Retrieved 17 February 2012.
  45. ↑ "MMRDA drops second monorail plan, for now". Daily News and Analysis. 23 September 2011. Retrieved 26 March 2012.
  46. ↑ "Mumbai Monorail dream run ends before take-off". DNA India. 23 July 2012. Retrieved 14 December 2012.
  47. ↑ "MMRDA expands Monorail landscape". Accommodation Times. Accommodation Times. 3 December 2009. Retrieved 22 March 2014.
  48. ↑ "MMRDA shelves plan for 2nd monorail corridor". indianexpress.com. 20 February 2014. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
  49. ↑ "No new metro, monorail routes till 2021?". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 6 May 2013.
  50. ↑ Bagri, Neha Thirani. "India's 1st Monorail Opens in Mumbai to Much Fanfare and Doubt". nytimes.com. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
  51. ↑ "Why Mumbai's new monorail seems to be built for real-estate developers rather than commuters - Scroll.in News". Scroll.in. Retrieved 8 February 2014.
  52. ↑ Rohith B R Bangalore (12 December 2008). "Light rail may score over monorail". Deccanherald.com. Retrieved 8 February 2014.
  53. ↑ http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-04-16/news/61217883_1_mumbai-monorail-wadala-and-chembur-jacob-circle
  54. ↑ http://www.asianage.com/mumbai/monorail-projects-be-scrapped-021
  55. ↑ "No new monorail projects for Mumbai". traveldailymedia.com. 16 April 2015. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
  56. ↑ Amit Chaturvedi (2 February 2014). "Mumbai monorail inaugurated by Chief Minister Prithviraj Chavan: 10-point cheatsheet". NDTV.com. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
  57. ↑ "Mumbai: Monorail opens for public today". The Indian Express. 2 February 2014. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
  58. ↑ 58.0 58.1 58.2 "Mumbai celebrates world-class monorail". The Times of India. 2 February 2014. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
  59. ↑ Sukhada Tatke (26 January 2014). "Will it solve Mumbai's transport woes?". The Hindu. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
  60. ↑ "Monorail Phase 2 may open early next year: MMRDA". The Free Press Journal. 25 November 2018.
  61. ↑ 61.0 61.1 "Piyush Goyal and Devendra Fadnavis inaugurate Mumbai Monorail's second leg". Hindustan Times. 3 March 2019. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
  62. ↑ B.K. Sidhu (2 January 2010). "Mumbai debut for Scomi rail car". Thestar.com.my. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
  63. ↑ "Mumbai to flag off monorail on Feb 1". Pune Mirror. 26 January 2014. Archived from the original on 2 February 2014. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
  64. ↑ "National Institute of Design enlivens interior for Mumbai monorail". The Times of India. 1 February 2014. Archived from the original on 2 February 2014. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
  65. ↑ Ranjeet Jadhav (2 February 2014). "All aboard! India's first monorail begins operation in Mumbai". Mid-day.com. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
  66. ↑ "Mumbai's monorail: Key facts you want to know".
  67. ↑ 67.0 67.1 "In pics: Pink, blue, green - Mumbai's colourful Monorail". IBNLive. Archived from the original on 2 February 2014. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
  68. ↑ "Transport for the facebook era". Business Standard. 7 February 2014. Retrieved 19 February 2014.
  69. ↑ 69.0 69.1 "Mumbai Monorail: The future is here". Autocar India. 31 January 2014. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
  70. ↑ Anand Mishra. "In mono, tokens to serve as tickets". The Asian Age. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
  71. ↑ "Escalators at monorail stations only by March". The Times of India. 2 January 2014. Archived from the original on 2 February 2014. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
  72. ↑ Ateeq Shaikh (2 January 2014). "No escalators at mono stations till monsoon in Mumbai". DNA. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
  73. ↑ "Monorail ready to roll out, teething troubles remain". The Indian Express. 31 January 2014. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
  74. ↑ "Why it would be tough to pinpoint the first monorail passenger - News". Mid-day.com. February 2014. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
  75. ↑ 75.0 75.1 "Mumbai Monorail: India's First Monorail to Start Operations on Feb 1". TravelersToday. 29 January 2014. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
  76. ↑ 76.0 76.1 Rahul Wadke (28 January 2014). "Mumbai monorail first phase to be ready soon | Business Line". Thehindubusinessline.com. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
  77. ↑ "Mumbai: MMRDA to make monorail corridor congestion free". mid-day. 6 April 2017. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
  78. ↑ "Hop on to the first Monorail this Sunday". Mid-Day. 31 January 2014. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
  79. ↑ "International Trade / Train wash specialist Smith Bros & Webb cleans up with international orders worth £2.5m". Thebusinessdesk.com. 14 February 2014. Retrieved 19 February 2014.
  80. ↑ "Disaster in waiting? Your monorail ride is under threat from tankers". Mid-day.com. 15 February 2014. Retrieved 19 February 2014.
  81. ↑ 81.0 81.1 81.2 "Mumbai monorail: Bomb squads and CCTVs secure stations". The Times of India. 3 February 2014. Retrieved 19 February 2014.
  82. ↑ Ateeq Shaikh (22 October 2013). "dna exclusive: Mumbai monorail captains will be subjected to breath-analyser tests | Latest News & Updates at". Dnaindia.com. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
  83. ↑ "Monorail quieter than BEST bus, say officials". DNA. Retrieved 16 July 2013.
  84. ↑ "Trial run of mumbai monorail photo". Archived from the original on 7 July 2013.
  85. ↑ "Mumbai Monorail dream run ends before take-off". DNA. Retrieved 16 July 2013.
  86. ↑ "Key facts you want to know about Mumbai's monorail". The Economic Times. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
  87. ↑ http://www.mmrda.maharashtra.gov.in/showProject.jsp?srv=TilcfP5jg6iDcz[dead link]
  88. ↑ "Mumbai monorail a waste of public money, says Maharashtra public accounts committee". Hindustan Times. 16 December 2017. Retrieved 28 December 2018.
  89. ↑ "Attention Mumbaikars! City's first monorail will soon be available between 7 am and 3 pm". Bhaskar. 28 August 2013. Retrieved 6 December 2013.
  90. ↑ "To start with, Monorail will run only for 8 hrs a day". Indian Express. 28 August 2013. Retrieved 6 December 2013.

Mumbai Monorail employees sent on unpaid leave; commuters continue to wait for its opening http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-175-mumbai-monorail-staffers-sent-on-unpaid-leave-2625835

External links[edit]

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