Mumbai Police

From Bharatpedia, an open encyclopedia


Mumbai Police
मुंबई पोलीस
Emblem of the Mumbai Police
Emblem of the Mumbai Police
Abbreviationमुं.पो.
MottoTo protect the Good and to destroy the Evil
Agency overview
Formed1661/1669[citation needed]
Jurisdictional structure
Operations jurisdictionMumbai, IN
Mumbaicitydistricts.png
Mumbai Police jurisdictional area
Size603.4 km2 (233.0 sq mi)
Population13,662,885
Legal jurisdictionMumbai City and Mumbai Suburban District, MH, IN
Governing bodyGovernment of Maharashtra
General nature
Operational structure
HeadquartersThe Office of Commissioner of Police
Elected officer responsible
Agency executive
Parent agencyMaharashtra Police
Facilities
Stations94 (Police Stations)
102 (Traffic Police outlets)
Hatch-backs, SUV, Motorcycles3,500
Speed Gunboats32 of Mumbai Police and 60 of Mumbai coast guard
Helicopters5
Dogs (K-9)s~52
Website
mumbaipolice.gov.in

The Mumbai Police (Marathi: मुंबई पोलीस, IAST: Mumbaī Pulīs, formerly Bombay Police) is the police department of the city of Mumbai, Maharashtra. It is a part of Maharashtra Police and has the primary responsibilities of law enforcement and investigation within the limits of Mumbai. The force's motto is "Sadrakṣaṇāya Khalanigrahaṇāya" (Sanskrit: सद्रक्षणाय खलनिग्रहणाय, English: "To protect Good and to destroy Evil").[1]

It is headed by the Commissioner of the Mumbai Police assisted by an IPS officer in the rank of Additional Director General, and each district headed is headed by a Deputy Commissioner of Police in the rank of Superintendent of Police (excluding jails headed by Inspector Generals). Each police station is headed by a Senior Inspector called the Station House Officer (SHO).

History[edit]

Origins[edit]

During the 17th century (until 1655), the area of present-day Mumbai was under Portuguese control. The Portuguese formed a basic law enforcement structure in this area with the establishment of a Police out-post in 1661.[2]

The origins of the present day Mumbai police can be traced back to a militia organised by Gerald Aungier, the then Governor of Bombay in 1669. This Bhandari Militia was composed of around 500 men and was headquartered at Mahim, Sevree and Sion.[3] In 1672, the judicial overview of police decisions by courts was introduced, although none of the judges had any actual legal training.[4] The situation remained unchanged through the Maratha wars.[5] However, by 1682, policing remained stagnant. There was only one ensign for the whole Bhandari militia, and there were only three sergeants and two corporals.[2]

Creation and early days[edit]

On 29 March 1780, the office of the Lieutenant of Police was dissolved and the office of Deputy of Police was created. James Tod, the then Lieutenant of Police was appointed as the first Deputy of Police on 5 April 1780. He was tried and dismissed for corruption in 1790. Subsequently, the designation was changed to "Deputy of Police and High Constable".[2]

In 1793, Act XXXIII, Geo. III was promulgated. The post of Deputy of Police was abolished and a post of Superintendent of Police was created in its place, with a Deputy of Superintendent of Police assisting him. Mr. Simon Halliday was the first Superintendent of Police, and governed till 1808. During this time, a thorough revision and re-arrangement of policing in the area outside the Fort was carried out. The troublesome area known as "Dungree and the Woods" was split up into 14 Police divisions, each division being staffed by two English constables and a varying number of Peons (not exceeding 130 for the whole area), who were to be stationary in their respective charges and responsible for dealing with all illegal acts committed within their limits.[2]

Post-1857[edit]

Bombay Policemen ca. 1855–1862
A Bombay Policeman during the 19th century

After the cementing of British Rule in India after the 1857 war of Indian Independence, in 1864, the three Presidency towns of Bombay, Calcutta and Madras were given Commissioners of Police. On 14 December 1864, Sir Frank Souter was appointed the first Police Commissioner of Bombay. He remained in office for 24 years, till 3 July 1888. During that year (1864), Khan Bahadur Sheikh Ibrahim Sheikh Imam became the first Indian appointed to a police officer's post.[5]

In 1896 the Commissioner's office moved to an Anglo-Gothic revival building, which it still occupies to this day. The Police Headquarters building is a protected heritage site.

After 1947[edit]

After independence, many changes to the Bombay Police were instituted. On 15 August 1947, J.S. Bharucha became the first Indian head of the Bombay Police, taking over from the last British Commissioner, Mr. A.E. Caffin.[2] A dog squad was set up in 1965. Computers were first used by the Bombay police in 1976. A Narcotics Cell and an anti-terrorist special operations squad were created in 1989.

The service was renamed to Mumbai Police in 1995, following the renaming of Bombay to Mumbai. In 1995, the control room was computerised, and finally, in 1997, the Mumbai Police went online.[5]

Modernisation and present day[edit]

A massive modernization of the Mumbai Police took place in 2005. New vehicles, guns and electronic equipment were procured for police use. The Tourist Squad was also created to patrol the beaches of Mumbai. On 30 May 2009 the Maharashtra government in Mumbai set up a police station dedicated to tackling cyber crime. It is the third such facility in India after Bangalore and Hyderabad. The dedicated police station will now register first information reports (FIRs) on its own and investigate offences pertaining to cyberspace. It is not clear how people abroad may report to Mumbai Cybercell. The police station will take care of all cyber cases in the city including that of terror e-mails. The existing Cyber Crime Investigation Cell of the city police probes cyber offences, but the FIRs are registered in local police stations depending on the site of the offence. A specially trained team of over 25 policemen, headed by an Assistant Commissioner of Police (ACP), were selected for the new job. The facility will function under the supervision of Deputy Commissioner of Police (Preventive) and Joint Commissioner of Police (Crime).[6]

Headquarters[edit]

Mumbai Police Headquarters, opposite Crawford Market.

The Mumbai Police Headquarters are in a Grade II-A listed heritage building that was built in 1894 and designed by John Adams, who also designed the Royal Bombay Yacht Club. It is located opposite Crawford Market in South Mumbai, a mile away from the Victoria Terminus. The construction work started on 17 November 1894 and finished two years later on 24 December 1896. The building was formally opened on 1 January 1897.[7]

The architectural style of the building is Gothic Revival. In contrast to the Maharashtra Police Headquarters in Fort, which uses blue basalt and was built some two decades earlier, this building uses yellow basalt.[7] The building underwent a major restoration in 2017 for the first time in its 120-year history.[8] In 2018, it was announced that a police museum funded by Tata Trusts would open in the building.[9] Since then, there have been no further developments.

Organisation[edit]

The Mumbai Police Department is headed by a Police Commissioner, who is an IPS officer. The Mumbai Police comes under the state home department through Maharashtra Police. The city is divided into Twelve police zones and Twenty Five traffic police zones, each headed by a Deputy Commissioner of Police. The Traffic Police is a semi-autonomous body under the Mumbai Police.[10]

The department holds several programs for the welfare of its officials including Retirement Planning Workshop.

Geographical division[edit]

Mumbai police is broadly divided into five regions namely Central, North, South, East and West. For administrative purposes, each region is subdivided into 3 to 4 zones.[11] Each zone contains 3 to 4 police stations. Each zone is commanded by a Deputy Commissioner of Police (DCP). Apart from the 12 zones, there is also an additional Port zone. Police stations under the Port zone keep vigil on the Mumbai Port and container terminals in Mumbai. There are a total of 91 police stations in the jurisdiction of Mumbai Police. Every police station has a Police Inspector who is the in-charge officer of the station.

Subunits[edit]

Mumbai Police is divided into the following units:

  • Local Police
  • Special Unit Service
  • Crime Branch
  • Template:Vanchor or Cyber Cell [12] is a wing of Mumbai Police, India, to deal with computer crimes, and to enforce provisions of India's Information Technology Law, namely, The Information Technology Act, 2000, and various cyber crime related provisions of criminal laws, including the Indian Penal Code, and the Companies Act of India subsection on IT-Sector responsibilities of corporate measures to protect cybersecurity. Cyber Crime Investigation Cell is a part of Crime Branch, Criminal Investigation Department of the Mumbai Police.[13]
  • Commando Force
  • Detection Unit (Mumbai Encounter Squad)
  • Anti Terrorist Squad
  • Traffic Police
  • Administration
  • Social Service Cell
  • Narcotics Cell
  • Wireless Cell
  • Local Armed Police
  • Anti-Extortion Cell
  • Modus Operandi Bureau
  • Missing Persons Bureau
  • Special Branch
  • Intelligence Unit
  • Protection & Security
  • Riot Control Police
  • Economic Offenses Wing
  • Juvenile AID Protection Unit
  • Quick Response Team
  • Force One

Each of these units have a Chief of the rank of Joint Commissioner of Police.

Insignia of Mumbai Police (City Police)[edit]

Gazetted Officers
Indian Police Service Gazetted Officers Rank Insignia [14][15][16]
Insignia Director IB Insignia.png Director General of Police.png Insignia of Inspector General of Police in India- 2013-10-02 16-14.png Deputy Inspector General of Police.png Senior Superintendent of Police.png Superintendent of Police.png Additional SP IPS.png DySP IPS.png Assistant SP IPS 2.png Assistant SP IPS 1.png
Rank Director of Intelligence Bureau (GOI)[note 1] Director General of Police[note 2] Additional Director General of Police[note 3] Inspector General of Police Deputy Inspector General of Police Senior Superintendent of Police (Selection Grade) Superintendent of Police Additional Superintendent of Police Assistant Superintendent of Police Assistant Superintendent of Police (Probationary Rank: 2 years of service) Assistant Superintendent of Police (Probationary Rank: 1 year of service)
Abbreviation DIB DGP ADGP IGP DIG SSP SP Addl. SP ASP ASP ASP


Non-gazetted officers
Indian Police Non-gazetted Officers Rank Insignia [17][18][19]
Insignia Police Inspector insignia.png Assistant Police Inspector.png Police Sub-Inspector.png Assistant Sub-Inspector.png Head Constable.pngPolice Head Constable.png
 Police Naik.pngSenior Police Constable.png No insignia
Rank Inspector Assistant Inspector[note 4] Sub-inspector Assistant Sub-inspector Head constable[note 5] Senior Police Constable
Police Naik[note 6] 		Constable
Abbreviation INS API SI ASI HC SC PC
  • Note: Colour pattern and size of chevron may vary according to the different rules of several distinct Indian State Police Services.


Hierarchy[edit]

Main article: Police ranks and insignia of India
Hierarchy structure of the Mumbai Police[20]
Rank Abbreviation Strength
Commissioner of Police (DG rank/ADG rank) CP 1
Joint Commissioner of Police (IGP rank) Jt.CP 5
Additional Commissioner of Police (DIG rank) Addl. CP 11
Deputy Commissioner of Police (SP rank) DCP 41
Assistant Commissioner of Police (Deputy SP rank/Assistant SP rank) ACP 124
Police Inspector PI 977
Assistant Police Inspector API 756
Police Sub Inspector PSI 2850
Assistant Sub Inspector ASI 3329
Head Constable HC 8146
Police Naik PN 60100
Police Constable PC 118666

Recruitment[edit]

Those who join the police department through the subordinate services examination of the Maharashtra Public Service Commission enter the force at the lowest ranks of the force. Their starting rank is that of a Police constable. Those who join the police force through the combined competitive examination of the Maharashtra Public Service Commission holds a starting rank of Sub Inspector or Deputy Superintendent of Police of Maharashtra Police Service . Civil Servants who join the police force through the civil service examination conducted by UPSC holds a starting rank of Assistant Superintendent of Police of Indian Police Service cadre. Generally the IPS officers make it to the highest rank of Director General. The Commissioner of Police of Mumbai, an IPS officer is one of the rank of Additional Director General of Police.

High-profile cases[edit]

26 November 2008 Mumbai attacks[edit]

Main article: 26 November 2008 Mumbai attacks

Anti-Terrorism Squad Chief Hemant Karkare, Additional Commissioner of Police Ashok Kamte and Encounter specialist Vijay Salaskar were among the policemen who fell to the bullets of the terrorists. Then Joint Commissioner of Mumbai Crime Branch Mr. Rakesh Maria under the leadership of Police Commissioner Hasan Gafoor tackled the abrupt attack by his superb skills.[citation needed] Mr. Ramesh Mahale, then an officer with crime branch investigated the case and brought the lone arrested militant Ajmal Kasab to justice. Police Commissioner Hasan Gafoor was shunted out of his office.[21] Mahale resigned recently over a murder case investigation which he was leading.[22] In the following year, as a response to these attacks, a specialised counter-terrorism unit, Force One was formed and commissioned on 24 November 2009, two days before the anniversary of the 26/11 terror attacks. A Committee was appointed to look into the failures of cops pertaining to the terror attack. The Ram Pradhan Committee, as it came to be known, furnished a report recommending a series of improvements & reforms. The State Government of Maharashtra however never had this report tabled in the legislature fearing a fallout over strictures passed in the report. A Public Interest Litigation has been filed by social activist Ketan Tirodkar to demand equal justice for all the police who were killed in the terror attack; especially for the members of the Bomb Disposal Squad of Mumbai Police. During the hearing of the petition, the Government informed the High Court that the Federal Government of India has rejected the proposal to award the Bomb Disposal Squad of the city police for their contribution in defusing granades in the terror attack.

Sheena Bora murder case[edit]

Main article: Sheena Bora murder case

Sheena Bora, an executive working for Metro One based in Mumbai, went missing on 24 April 2012. In August 2015, the Mumbai Police had received a tip-off from an unknown man claiming that Sheena Bora had been murdered. After they got in touch with their Counterparts in Pune, they arrested her mother, Indrani Mukerjea, her stepfather Sanjeev Khanna, and her mother's chauffeur, Shyamvar Pinturam Rai, for allegedly abducting and killing her and subsequently burning her corpse. They also arrested Indrani's husband, Peter Mukerjea in connection with the case. Rai has now been allowed to turn approver in the case after he was pardoned by the Bandra Magistrate Court in Mumbai. As of May 2017, Indrani, Peter, and Sanjeev have been lodged in Byculla Women's Prison and Arthur Road Jail in Mumbai, respectively.

Equipment[edit]

Much of the equipment for the Mumbai Police are manufactured indigenously by the Indian Ordnance Factories controlled by the Ordnance Factories Board, Ministry of Defence, Government of India. Weapons such as Glock Pistols are imported from Austria. These pistols were first imported for the Anti-terrorist Squad in Mumbai when the same was formed in 2004.

Weapons[edit]

Rifles SMLE Mk III*, Ishapore 2A1, SUB Machine GUN CARBINE 9 mm 1A1, 7.62 MM 1A1, Assault Rifle 7.62 mm, 38 MM Multi Shot Riot Gun, INSAS 5.56 mm, AK-47(247 in total),[23] FN-FAL

250 MP5 German automatic sub-machine guns have just been ordered.,[24] M4, M107 anti-material rifle and SWAT equipment.

Pistols Glock pistol, Pistol Auto 9mm 1A, Smith & Wesson M&P.

Detail List of Mumbai police's Vehicles[edit]

Mumbai Police Speedboat
Mahindra Bolero in Mumbai Police service
C.P.Pool Mumbai Vehicle Fleet[25]
Vehicle Category Total Vehicle Fleet
Special Purpose Vehicle 50
Transportation Vehicles ( Squad cars ) 210
Patrol Vehicles 280
Station Vehicles 960
Response Vehicles 160
Motor Cycles 1405
Police Helicopters 5
Total 3070

72 speed boats have been also ordered.[26]

Uniform[edit]

Peaked caps are worn with an orange band and crown that is less stiff such it drops downwards. Khaki short sleeve shirt and long pants are worn by most members. Some women might wear sarees if they prefer. The patch of the police force is visible too.

Mumbai police in popular culture[edit]

Because Bollywood, India's Hindi language film industry, is primarily based in Mumbai, the Mumbai police has been frequently portrayed in films. Some of the prominent ones are listed below:

Most of these films are based on the operational groups most commonly known as Encounter Squads. Officers like Pradeep Sharma, Vijay Salaskar, Praful Bhosale, Ravindra Angre etc. have previously headed these squads. Junior officers Hemant Desai, Ashok Khot, Sachin Waze, Daya Nayak, Uttam Bhosale etc. assisted them.[citation needed]

Honours[edit]

The Ashok Chakra, India's highest civilian honour during peace time, was conferred posthumously upon two Mumbai Police officers – Hemant Karkare and Ashok Kamte who laid their lives in the service of the nation during the 2008 Mumbai attacks. Junior officer Vijay Salaskar was also posthumously awarded the Ashok Chakra.

See also[edit]

Literature[edit]

  • Kadam, B. S. Sri; Socio-Historical Study Of Police Administration in Bombay Presidency (1861 to 1947); Kolhapur 1993 (Diss. Shivaji University)
  • Kennedy, M. Notes On Criminal Classes in the Bombay Presidency Appendices regarding some Foreign Criminals who occasionally visit the Presidency: Including Hints on the Detection of Counterfeit Coin; Bombay 1908
  • Edwardes, Stephen M. (Commissioner of Police); The Bombay City Police: A Historical Sketch, 1672–1916; Bombay u.a. 1923
  • Edwardes, Stephen M.; Crime in India: Brief Review of the more Important Offences included in the Annual Criminal Returns with Chapters on Prostitution & Miscellaneous Matters; Oxford u.a. 1924
  • Statistiken: gedruckt im: Annual Report of Police for the Town and Island of Bombay, laufende Monatsstatistiken auf Mumbai Police

Notes[edit]

  1. ↑ Although DIB is a 4 star post and not a rank, it's given to the senior most IPS officer in the Intelligence Bureau.
  2. ↑ Rank insignia of DGP is similar to Additional DGP.
  3. ↑ Rank insignia of DGP is similar to Additional DGP.
  4. ↑ This rank only exists in the Maharashtra Police.
  5. ↑ Shoulder insignia rank only used in the Maharashtra Police.
  6. ↑ Shoulder insignia rank only used in the Maharashtra Police.

References[edit]

  1. ↑ "Say hello to the crorepati police constable from Thane". No. Mid-day.com. Mid-Day. Retrieved 31 January 2015.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Mumbai Police – History at the Mumbai Police Website
  3. ↑ "Maharashtra State Gazetteers – Greater Bombay District". Maharashtra.gov.in. Retrieved 1 September 2010.
  4. ↑ Edwardes (1923), p 19
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Mumbai Police Force History on TIFR website.
  6. ↑ "Cyber crime police station in Mumbai". Ndtv.com. Retrieved 1 September 2010.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 "HT Exclusive: Iconic Mumbai police commissioner's building to undergo major repairs". Hindustan Times. 6 February 2017.
  8. ↑ "Mumbai Police's over 100-yr-old office set for a facelift". 1 November 2017 – via The Economic Times.
  9. ↑ "Tata Trusts to set up Maharashtra's 1st police museum in Mumbai | Mumbai News - Times of India". The Times of India.
  10. ↑ "MUMBAI POLICE: CUSTODIANS OF YOUR TRUST". Mumbai Police. Retrieved 27 January 2008.
  11. ↑ "About Us". Mumbai Police. Retrieved 1 September 2010.
  12. ↑ "Indian Cyber Crime Investigation Cell Official Website". Cybercellmumbai.com. Archived from the original on 30 May 2013. Retrieved 24 June 2013.
  13. ↑ "Cyber Crime Investigation Cell, Mumbai". Archived from the original on 16 May 2017. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  14. ↑ "Police Ranks" (PDF). Maharashtra Police. Retrieved 14 August 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  15. ↑ "Governance of Kerala Police". Kerala Police. Retrieved 14 August 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  16. ↑ "Police Ranks and Badges". Odisha Police. Retrieved 15 August 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  17. ↑ "Police Ranks" (PDF). Maharashtra Police. Retrieved 14 August 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  18. ↑ "Governance of Kerala Police". Kerala Police. Retrieved 14 August 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  19. ↑ "Police Ranks and Badges". Odisha Police. Retrieved 15 August 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  20. ↑ "Senior Officers List" (PDF). Mumbai Police. Retrieved 20 August 2017.
  21. ↑ Gaikwad, Shailesh (9 February 2014). "26/11 probe fallout: Top cop Gafoor transferred". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 13 March 2014. Retrieved 9 February 2014.
  22. ↑ Ali, Ahmed S (9 February 2014). "26/11 terror attack case: Chief investigating officer Ramesh Mahale resigns". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 9 February 2014. Retrieved 9 February 2014.
  23. ↑ "On 26/11, cops had 247 AK-47s, but they stayed under lock & key – Mumbai – DNA". Dnaindia.com. 24 December 2009. Retrieved 1 September 2010.
  24. ↑ "No consensus on security plan even a month after Mumbai attacks". Business-standard.com. 27 December 2008. Retrieved 1 September 2010.
  25. ↑ "Official website". Retrieved 1 September 2010.
  26. ↑ "72 speedboats bought after 26/11 attacks lie unused in coastal police stations". Mumbai Mirror.

External links[edit]

Information red.svg
Scan the QR code to donate via UPI
Dear reader, We kindly request your support in maintaining the independence of Bharatpedia. As a non-profit organization, we rely heavily on small donations to sustain our operations and provide free access to reliable information to the world. We would greatly appreciate it if you could take a moment to consider donating to our cause, as it would greatly aid us in our mission. Your contribution would demonstrate the importance of reliable and trustworthy knowledge to you and the world. Thank you.

Please select an option below or scan the QR code to donate
₹150 ₹500 ₹1,000 ₹2,000 ₹5,000 ₹10,000 Other


Retrieved from "https://en.bharatpedia.org/index.php?title=Mumbai_Police&oldid=410501"