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==Geography== | ==Geography== | ||
Purulia district covers an area of 6259 sq. km. <ref>{{cite web| url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130605211704/http://www.westbengalonline.in/about/districts/Purulia.html| title= Purulia district, West Bengal | work= Facts & Figures |publisher= IndiaOnline Network | access-date = 4 July 2023}}</ref> | Purulia district covers an area of 6259 sq. km.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130605211704/http://www.westbengalonline.in/about/districts/Purulia.html| title= Purulia district, West Bengal | work= Facts & Figures |publisher= IndiaOnline Network | access-date = 4 July 2023}}</ref> | ||
Purulia district is part of the lowest step of the [[Chota Nagpur Plateau]].<ref>Sir John Houlton, ''Bihar, the Heart of India'', p 170, Orient Longmans, 1949.</ref> It has an undulating topography with plateaux, hills, low valleys and high ridges. A number of rivers flow through the district mostly having easterly or south-easterly courses – [[Damodar River|Damodar]], [[Kangsabati River|Kangsabati]], Kumari, [[Dwarakeswar River|Dwarakeswar]] and Subarnarekha. The annual rainfall is in the range of 1,000-1,600 mm. It has a forest cover of 75,050 hectares.<ref name= | Purulia district is part of the lowest step of the [[Chota Nagpur Plateau]].<ref>Sir John Houlton, ''Bihar, the Heart of India'', p 170, Orient Longmans, 1949.</ref> It has an undulating topography with plateaux, hills, low valleys and high ridges. A number of rivers flow through the district mostly having easterly or south-easterly courses – [[Damodar River|Damodar]], [[Kangsabati River|Kangsabati]], Kumari, [[Dwarakeswar River|Dwarakeswar]] and Subarnarekha. The annual rainfall is in the range of 1,000-1,600 mm. It has a forest cover of 75,050 hectares.<ref name= "MSME">{{cite web| url = http://www.msmedikolkata.gov.in/uploads/2021/03/districtprofiles/2018-19/DIPS-Purulia-2018-19.pdf | ||
| title= District Industrial Profile: Purulia 2018-19 | work= Climate, Topograhy, Forest, Location and Geographical Area |publisher=Ministry of MSME, Government of India | access-date = 4 July 2023}}</ref> | | title= District Industrial Profile: Purulia 2018-19 | work= Climate, Topograhy, Forest, Location and Geographical Area |publisher=Ministry of MSME, Government of India | access-date = 4 July 2023}}</ref> | ||
Purulia district is bounded by [[Paschim Bardhaman district]] and Dhanbad district of [[Jharkhand]] on the north, [[Bankura district]] and [[Paschim Medinipur district]] on the west, [[West Singhbhum district]] and [[East Singhbhum district]] of Jharkhand on the south and [[Bokaro district]] and Ranchi district of Jharkhand on the west.<ref name= | Purulia district is bounded by [[Paschim Bardhaman district]] and Dhanbad district of [[Jharkhand]] on the north, [[Bankura district]] and [[Paschim Medinipur district]] on the west, [[West Singhbhum district]] and [[East Singhbhum district]] of Jharkhand on the south and [[Bokaro district]] and Ranchi district of Jharkhand on the west.<ref name= "MSME"/> | ||
[[File:Purulia Tehsil Map.svg|thumb|450px|Map of Purulia district showing the community developmet blocks]] | [[File:Purulia Tehsil Map.svg|thumb|450px|Map of Purulia district showing the community developmet blocks]] | ||
[[Administrative divisions of India|Subdivisions]] in Purulia district are: [[Purulia Sadar subdivision|Purulia Sadar]], [[Manbazar subdivision|Manbazar]], [[Jhalda subdivision|Jhalda]] and [[Raghunathpur subdivision|Raghunathpur]].<ref name= | [[Administrative divisions of India|Subdivisions]] in Purulia district are: [[Purulia Sadar subdivision|Purulia Sadar]], [[Manbazar subdivision|Manbazar]], [[Jhalda subdivision|Jhalda]] and [[Raghunathpur subdivision|Raghunathpur]].<ref name="admin1">{{cite web| url = https://purulia.gov.in/block-municipality/ | title= Purulia | work= About District-Administrative Setup-Block & Municipality |publisher= Government of West Bengal| access-date = 4 July 2023}}</ref> | ||
[[Community Development Block|Community development blocks]] in Purulia district are: [[Arsha (community development block)|Arsha]], [[Balarampur, Purulia (community development block)|Balarampur]], [[Hura (community development block)|Hura]], [[Purulia I]], [[Purulia II]], [[Barabazar (community development block)|Barabazar]], [[Bandwan (community development block)|Bandwan]], [[Puncha (community development block)|Puncha]], [[Manbazar I]], [[Manbazar II]], Baghmundi, [[Jhalda I]], [[Jhalda II]], [[Joypur, Purulia|Joypur]], [[Kashipur (community development block)|Kashipur]], [[Neturia (community development block)|Neturia]], [[Para (community development block)|Para]], [[Raghunathpur I]], [[Raghunathpur II]] and [[Santuri (community development block)|Santuri]]. <ref name= | [[Community Development Block|Community development blocks]] in Purulia district are: [[Arsha (community development block)|Arsha]], [[Balarampur, Purulia (community development block)|Balarampur]], [[Hura (community development block)|Hura]], [[Purulia I]], [[Purulia II]], [[Barabazar (community development block)|Barabazar]], [[Bandwan (community development block)|Bandwan]], [[Puncha (community development block)|Puncha]], [[Manbazar I]], [[Manbazar II]], Baghmundi, [[Jhalda I]], [[Jhalda II]], [[Joypur, Purulia|Joypur]], [[Kashipur (community development block)|Kashipur]], [[Neturia (community development block)|Neturia]], [[Para (community development block)|Para]], [[Raghunathpur I]], [[Raghunathpur II]] and [[Santuri (community development block)|Santuri]].<ref name="admin1"/> | ||
==Demographics== | ==Demographics== | ||
As per the 2011 census, Purulia district had a total population of 2,930,115. 87.86% of the population lived in rural areas and 12.74% lived in urban areas.<ref name= | As per the 2011 census, Purulia district had a total population of 2,930,115. 87.86% of the population lived in rural areas and 12.74% lived in urban areas.<ref name="admin2">{{cite web| url = https://purulia.gov.in/district-profiles/ | title= Purulia | work= About District-District Profile |publisher= Government of West Bengal | access-date = 4 July 2023}}</ref> | ||
Purulia district had 2,459 inhabited villages, 3 statutory towns and 25 census towns.<ref name= | Purulia district had 2,459 inhabited villages, 3 statutory towns and 25 census towns.<ref name="admin2"/> | ||
Purulia district had a literacy rate of 64.48%.<ref name= | Purulia district had a literacy rate of 64.48%.<ref name="admin2"/> | ||
==Economy== | ==Economy== | ||
===Agriculture=== | ===Agriculture=== | ||
Purulia is a predominantly agriculture district. Cultivators form 21.51% and agricultural labourers form 39.39% of the total population. About 60% of the total cultivated land is upland and about 73% belongs to ‘small and marginal farmers having scattered and small holdings’. Cultivation is mostly [[ | Purulia is a predominantly agriculture district. Cultivators form 21.51% and agricultural labourers form 39.39% of the total population. About 60% of the total cultivated land is upland and about 73% belongs to ‘small and marginal farmers having scattered and small holdings’. Cultivation is mostly [[monsoon]] dependent singe-cropped and only 15% cropped area is multi-cropped. 21.57% of the cropped area is irrigated. [[Kharif crop|kharif]] paddy cultivation covers 83% of the net cropped area.<ref name="admin2"/> Main crops are: rice, wheat, pulses, oil seeds and potatoe. It also produces fruits and vegetables.<ref>{{cite web| url =https://www.agrifarming.in/district-wise-crop-production-in-west-bengal-major-crops-in-west-bengal#purulia | title= District Wise Crop Production in West Bengal | work= Purulia |publisher= | access-date = 4 July 2023}}</ref> | ||
===Forest=== | ===Forest=== | ||
According to Satellite imagery data forests cover 29.69% of the total land in the district. <ref name= | According to Satellite imagery data forests cover 29.69% of the total land in the district.<ref name="admin2"/> | ||
===Industry=== | ===Industry=== | ||
In the Purulia district, in 2013-14, 316 registered industrial units provided employment to 1170 persons. Damodar Ispat Pvt. Ltd. at [[Nabagram, Purulia|Nabagam]] in [[ Neturia (community development block)|Neturia block]] and [[Santaldih Thermal Power Station]] at [[Santaldih]] in [[Raghunathpur II]] block are classified as large industrial units.<ref name= | In the Purulia district, in 2013-14, 316 registered industrial units provided employment to 1170 persons. Damodar Ispat Pvt. Ltd. at [[Nabagram, Purulia|Nabagam]] in [[Neturia (community development block)|Neturia block]] and [[Santaldih Thermal Power Station]] at [[Santaldih]] in [[Raghunathpur II]] block are classified as large industrial units.<ref name= "MSME"/>[[Damodar Valley Corporation]] has commissioned the Raghunathpur Thermal Power Station in 2016.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.psuconnect.in/news/raghunathpur-thermal-power-station-of-dvc-was-successfully-commissioned/26822 | title= RaghunathpurThermal Power Station of DVC was successfully commisioned | work= |publisher= PSU Connect| access-date = 4 July 2023}}</ref> | ||
===Poverty=== | ===Poverty=== | ||
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==Education== | ==Education== | ||
In Purulia district there are 2971 primary schools, 144 high schools, 1 high madrasa, 86 higher secondary schools, 11 degree colleges, 1 B Ed college, 1 polytechnic and 1 industrial training institute. 258,596 students are enrolled in primary schools, drop outs from class I to IV was 43.16 %, children out of school was 79,394. Enrolment in secondary education was 174,357. <ref>{{cite web| url = https://purulia.gov.in/education-2/ | title= Purulia | work= Departments-Education |publisher= Government of West Bengal | access-date = 4 July 2023}}</ref> | In Purulia district there are 2971 primary schools, 144 high schools, 1 high madrasa, 86 higher secondary schools, 11 degree colleges, 1 B Ed college, 1 polytechnic and 1 industrial training institute. 258,596 students are enrolled in primary schools, drop outs from class I to IV was 43.16%, children out of school was 79,394. Enrolment in secondary education was 174,357.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://purulia.gov.in/education-2/ | title= Purulia | work= Departments-Education |publisher= Government of West Bengal | access-date = 4 July 2023}}</ref> | ||
The following institutions are located in Purulia district: | The following institutions are located in Purulia district: | ||
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==Culture== | ==Culture== | ||
[[Chhau dance]] is a semi classical [[India]]n dance with martial and folk traditions.{{Sfn|Williams|2004|pp=83-84, is a semi classical [[India]]n dance with martial, tribal and folk origins.}} It originates from Purulia district.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.utsavpedia.com/cultural-connections/indian-performing-arts/chhau-dance-of-purulia/ | title= Chhau Dance of Purulia| work= |publisher= Utsavpedia | access-date = 4 July 2023}}</ref>It involves people as a whole. Male dancers are trained by [[ | [[Chhau dance]] is a semi classical [[India]]n dance with martial and folk traditions.{{Sfn|Williams|2004|pp=83-84, is a semi classical [[India]]n dance with martial, tribal and folk origins.}} It originates from Purulia district.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.utsavpedia.com/cultural-connections/indian-performing-arts/chhau-dance-of-purulia/ | title= Chhau Dance of Purulia| work= |publisher= Utsavpedia | access-date = 4 July 2023}}</ref> It involves people as a whole. Male dancers are trained by [[guru]]s.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://indianculture.gov.in/intangible-cultural-heritage/performing-arts/chhau-dance | title= Chhau Dance | work= Indian Culture |publisher=Government of India | access-date = 4 July 2023}}</ref> | ||
Purulia has many old temples with wonderful artistic work. These temples are mainly [[Brahmin|Brahmanical]] with [[Jainism|Jain]] influence at many places. The [[Banda Deul]] is an attractive historical structure. It is 72 feet high. The oldest temple at [[Para, Purulia|Para]] is a 40 feet high stone structure etched with decorations focusing on both social life and floral designs. Next to it is a 45 feet high brick temple with exquisite designs. Some of the other temples are at [[Pakbirra]], [[Deulghata]], [[Budhpur, Purulia|Budhpur]] and [[Suisa]].<ref>{{cite web| url =https://www.outlookindia.com/outlooktraveller/explore/story/68984/rediscover-purulias-timeless-heritage | title= Rediscover Purulia’s Timeless Heritage | work= Amitabha Gupta |publisher= Outlook traveller | access-date = 4 July 2023}}</ref> | Purulia has many old temples with wonderful artistic work. These temples are mainly [[Brahmin|Brahmanical]] with [[Jainism|Jain]] influence at many places. The [[Banda Deul]] is an attractive historical structure. It is 72 feet high. The oldest temple at [[Para, Purulia|Para]] is a 40 feet high stone structure etched with decorations focusing on both social life and floral designs. Next to it is a 45 feet high brick temple with exquisite designs. Some of the other temples are at [[Pakbirra]], [[Deulghata]], [[Budhpur, Purulia|Budhpur]] and [[Suisa]].<ref>{{cite web| url =https://www.outlookindia.com/outlooktraveller/explore/story/68984/rediscover-purulias-timeless-heritage | title= Rediscover Purulia’s Timeless Heritage | work= Amitabha Gupta |publisher= Outlook traveller | access-date = 4 July 2023}}</ref> | ||
==Tourism== | ==Tourism== | ||
Some interesting tourist spots in Purulia district are: <ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.tripadvisor.in/Attractions-g2406619-Activities-Purulia_Purulia_District_West_Bengal.html | title=Places to visit in urula | work= |publisher= Trip Advisor | access-date = 4 July 2023}}</ref> | Some interesting tourist spots in Purulia district are:<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.tripadvisor.in/Attractions-g2406619-Activities-Purulia_Purulia_District_West_Bengal.html | title=Places to visit in urula | work= |publisher= Trip Advisor | access-date = 4 July 2023}}</ref> | ||
*[[Ajodhya Hills]] | *[[Ajodhya Hills]] | ||
*[[Garh Panchkot]] | *[[Garh Panchkot]] | ||