Arts of West Bengal: Difference between revisions

{{Culture of Bengal}}

{{Use Indian English|date=October 2019}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}

==Music==

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The [[Bishnupur Gharana]] is the sole [[Indian Classical Music|Classical]] (''[[Drupad]]'') ''[[gharana]]'' of [[Bengal]]. It originated in [[Bishnupur, Bankura]] by the court musicians of the [[History of Bankura district#Bishnupur kingdom|Malla Kings]].<ref name=Kings>{{cite web|url=http://www.westbengaltourism.gov.in/web/guest/bishnupur-culture|title=Culture of Bishnupur|access-date=2011-12-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205193939/http://www.westbengaltourism.gov.in/web/guest/bishnupur-culture|archive-date=2012-02-05|url-status=dead}}</ref> The bauls are a mystic group of singers and musicals, immensely popular in the countryside. They perform using a [[khamak]], [[ektara]] and [[dotara]]. [[Rabindra Sangeet]], also known as Tagore songs, are songs written and composed by [[Rabindranath Tagore]].<ref name="Sigi 2006">{{cite book|last=Sigi|first=Rekha|title=Gurudev Ravindra Nath Tagore A Biography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZW93OdoQIfIC&pg=PA90|year=2006|publisher=Diamond Pocket Books (P) Ltd.|isbn=978-81-89182-90-8|page=90}}</ref> They have distinctive characteristics in the [[music of Bengal]], popular in [[India]] and [[Bangladesh]].<ref name="Tagore 2007">{{cite book|last=Tagore|first=Rabindranath|title=Boyhood Days|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UWhnwlQyplEC&pg=PR12|year=2007|publisher=Penguin Books India|isbn=978-0-14-333021-9|page=xii}}</ref><ref name="Magic of Rabindra Sangeet">{{cite news|title=Magic of Rabindra Sangeet|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/66947/magic-rabindra-sangeet.html|access-date=9 July 2013|newspaper=[[Deccan Herald]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927055956/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/66947/magic-rabindra-sangeet.html|archive-date=27 September 2013|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Rabindra Sangeet has been an integral part of Bengal culture for over a century.<ref name="Magic of Rabindra Sangeet" /><ref name="Dasgupta Guha p252">{{cite book|last1=Dasgupta|first1=Sanjukta|last2=Guha|first2=Chinmoy|title=Tagore-At Home in the World|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8zfX4llLjyUC&pg=PA252|year=2013|publisher=SAGE Publications|isbn=978-81-321-1084-2|page=252}}</ref> Shyama Sangeet is a genre of [[Bengali language|Bengali]] devotional songs dedicated to the Hindu goddess Shyama or [[Kali]] which is a form of supreme universal mother-goddess Durga or parvati. It is also known as Shaktagiti or Durgastuti.

[[Kirtan]] is also a true song which describe the mythological epic. [[Chaitanya Mahaprabhu]] starts the Hare Krishna movement from [[Nabadwip]].

==Dance==

It has been reconstructed by [[Mahua Mukherjee]].<ref name=kumu>{{cite news|first=Kumudha |last=Bharatram |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/dance/dance-of-the-ancients/article1608014.ece |title=Dance of the ancients |newspaper=The Hindu |date=April 9, 2011 |access-date=November 15, 2013}}</ref><ref name=anjana>{{cite news|last=Rajan |first=Anjana |url=http://www.hindu.com/ms/2006/12/26/stories/2006122600040100.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108051652/http://www.hindu.com/ms/2006/12/26/stories/2006122600040100.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=November 8, 2012|work=[[The Hindu]] |title=The wheel has come full circle|date=December 26, 2006 }}</ref> It is not recognised as an [[Indian classical dance]] by the [[Sangeet Natak Akademi]],<ref name=anjana/> but study of it is eligible for scholarships from the [[Ministry of Culture (India)|Ministry of Culture]] of India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indiaculture.nic.in/indiaculture/scholarship-to-young-artist.html|title=Scholarship to Young Artistes, 2005|publisher=Ministry of Culture. Government of India|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021161953/http://indiaculture.nic.in/indiaculture/scholarship-to-young-artist.html|archive-date=October 21, 2013|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Scholarly reception of the reconstruction ranges from caution to scepticism.<ref name=utpal>Utpal Kumar Banerjee (2006). [https://books.google.com/books?id=RdsJAQAAMAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=mahua+mukherjee ''Indian performing arts: a mosaic'']. New Delhi: Harman Publishing House. {{ISBN|9788186622759}}. p.&nbsp;79: "re-creating Gaudiya Nritya as one of the acceptable classical styles will need a formal framework".</ref><ref name=leela>Leela Venkataraman (2006). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/23005939 Negotiating the Extremes: dance]. ''India International Centre Quarterly'', '''33''' (1): 93-102. {{subscription required}} "one may have reservations about the classical dance repertoire visualised by [Mukherjee]".</ref><ref name=roma>Roma Chatterji (2005). p.&nbsp;9: "Mukherjee tries to reconstitute a Bengali aesthetic within the perspective of pan-Indian civilisation".</ref><ref name=susan>Susan Leigh Foster (2009). [https://books.google.com/books?id=xfvzAAAAMAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=gaudiya+nritya ''Worlding dance: Studies in international performance'']. Basingstoke; New York: Palgrave Macmillan. {{ISBN|9780230205949}}. p.&nbsp;125: "I urgently distance my project from that of Kolkata-based scholar, Mahua Mukherjee".</ref>

===Martial Dances===

[[File:Chalchitra Kumartuli, Kolkata.jpg|thumb|[[Chalchitra]], a part of Bengal Patachitra, referred to the background Patachitra of the [[Durga]] Pratima]]

[[Chalchitra]] is a part of ''Bengal Patachitra'', It referred to the ''Debi Chal'' or  ''Durga chala'', the background of the [[Durga]] Pratima or idol.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Paschimbanger lokoshilpa o lokosamaj|last=tarapada santra|publisher=Kolkata: lokosanskriti o adibasi sanskriti kendra|year=2000|location=Kolkata|pages=12}}</ref> [[Patua]], the artists of Chalchitra called it as '''Pata Lekha''', means the writing of Patachitra.<ref name="Giusti, M 2014">Giusti, M. and Chakraborty, U. (ed.). ''Immagini Storie Parole. Dialoghi di formazione coi dipinti cantati delle donne Chitrakar del West Bengal''. Mantova: Universitas Studiorum, 2014, {{ISBN|978-88-97683-39-1}}</ref> 300–400 years old idols of [[Shakta Rash|Nabadwip Shakta Rash]] used Chalchitra as a part of Pratima. At a time, the use of Chalchitra became fade, but now it has a great popularity.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.anandabazar.com/district/nadia-murshidabad/portrait-art-s-demand-at-nabadwip-1.700221|title=পটচিত্রের চাহিদা বাড়ছে নবদ্বীপের রাসে|last=বন্দ্যোপাধ্যায়|first=দেবাশিস|work=Anandabazar Patrika|access-date=2018-04-14|language=bn-IN}}</ref> Chalchitra artist of [[Nabadwip]], Tapan Bhattacharya said-

====Durga pot====

===Dokra===

===Wooden art===

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===Bamboo craft===

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==References==

{{Commons category|Arts of West Bengal}}