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Uttarakhand: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox settlement | {{Infobox settlement | ||
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| image_caption = Clockwise from top: A view of the [[Garhwal Himalaya]]s from [[Auli, India|Auli]], [[Badrinath Temple]] at [[Badrinath]], [[Kedarnath Temple]] at [[Kedarnath]], the [[Raj Bhavan, Nainital|Raj Bhavan]] in [[Nainital]], confluence of the [[Alaknanda River|Alaknanda]] and [[Mandakini River|Mandakini]] rivers at [[Rudraprayag]], a friendly tussle of two [[Indian elephant]]s at the [[Jim Corbett National Park]], and [[Har Ki Pauri]] in [[Haridwar]] | | image_caption = '''Clockwise from top:''' A view of the [[Garhwal Himalaya]]s from [[Auli, India|Auli]], [[Badrinath Temple]] at [[Badrinath]], [[Kedarnath Temple]] at [[Kedarnath]], the [[Raj Bhavan, Nainital|Raj Bhavan]] in [[Nainital]], confluence of the [[Alaknanda River|Alaknanda]] and [[Mandakini River|Mandakini]] rivers at [[Rudraprayag]], a friendly tussle of two [[Indian elephant]]s at the [[Jim Corbett National Park]], and [[Har Ki Pauri]] in [[Haridwar]]. | ||
| seat_type = [[List of state and union territory capitals in India|Capital]] | | seat_type = [[List of state and union territory capitals in India|Capital]] | ||
| seat = [[Bhararisain]] (summer) | | seat = [[Bhararisain]] (summer) | ||
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| registration_plate = [[Vehicle registration plates of India|UK 01—XX]] | | registration_plate = [[Vehicle registration plates of India|UK 01—XX]] | ||
| blank_name_sec2 = [[Human Development Index|HDI]] {{nobold|(2018)}} | | blank_name_sec2 = [[Human Development Index|HDI]] {{nobold|(2018)}} | ||
| blank_info_sec2 = {{increase}} 0.684<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=24 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/2018-update|title=Human Development Reports|website=hdr.undp.org|access-date=16 February 2019}}</ref><br />{{colour|#fc0|medium}} ([[List of Indian states and territories by Human Development Index|18th]]) | | blank_info_sec2 = {{increase}} 0.684<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=24 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/2018-update|title=Human Development Reports|website=hdr.undp.org|access-date=16 February 2019|archive-date=18 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181118122652/http://hdr.undp.org/en/2018-update|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />{{colour|#fc0|medium}} ([[List of Indian states and territories by Human Development Index|18th]]) | ||
| blank1_name_sec2 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]] {{nobold|(2011)}} | | blank1_name_sec2 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]] {{nobold|(2011)}} | ||
| blank1_info_sec2 = 87.60%<ref name="pc-census2020">{{cite web |title=Census 2011 (Final Data) – Demographic details, Literate Population (Total, Rural & Urban) |url=http://planningcommission.gov.in/data/datatable/data_2312/DatabookDec2014%20307.pdf |website=planningcommission.gov.in |publisher=Planning Commission, Government of India |access-date=3 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127163347/http://planningcommission.gov.in/data/datatable/data_2312/DatabookDec2014%20307.pdf |archive-date=27 January 2018 |url-status=dead |page=4}}</ref> ([[List of Indian states and union territories by literacy rate|17th]]) | | blank1_info_sec2 = 87.60%<ref name="pc-census2020">{{cite web |title=Census 2011 (Final Data) – Demographic details, Literate Population (Total, Rural & Urban) |url=http://planningcommission.gov.in/data/datatable/data_2312/DatabookDec2014%20307.pdf |website=planningcommission.gov.in |publisher=Planning Commission, Government of India |access-date=3 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127163347/http://planningcommission.gov.in/data/datatable/data_2312/DatabookDec2014%20307.pdf |archive-date=27 January 2018 |url-status=dead |page=4}}</ref> ([[List of Indian states and union territories by literacy rate|17th]]) | ||
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}} | }} | ||
'''Uttarakhand''' ({{small|English:}} {{IPAc-en|'|ʊ|t|ə|r|ɑː|ˌ|k|ʌ|n|d}},<ref>{{lexico|Uttarakhand}}</ref> {{IPAc-en|ˌ|ʊ|t|ə|r|ə|ˈ|k|ʌ|n|d}}<ref>{{cite web | title= Define Uttarakhand at Dictionary.com | url= http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Uttarakhand | publisher= Dictionary.com | access-date= 27 August 2013 | url-status=live | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130922120648/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Uttarakhand | archive-date= 22 September 2013 | df= dmy-all }}</ref> or {{IPAc-en|ˌ|ʊ|t|ə|ˈ|r|æ|k|ə|n|d}};<ref>{{cite web|title = Definition of 'Uttarakhand'| publisher = Collins English Dictionary|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/uttarakhand|access-date=16 May 2021}}</ref> {{IPA-hi|'ʊt̪ːərɑːkʰəɳɖ|lang}}, | '''Uttarakhand''' ({{small|English:}} {{IPAc-en|'|ʊ|t|ə|r|ɑː|ˌ|k|ʌ|n|d}},<ref>{{lexico|Uttarakhand}}</ref> {{IPAc-en|ˌ|ʊ|t|ə|r|ə|ˈ|k|ʌ|n|d}}<ref>{{cite web | title= Define Uttarakhand at Dictionary.com | url= http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Uttarakhand | publisher= Dictionary.com | access-date= 27 August 2013 | url-status=live | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130922120648/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Uttarakhand | archive-date= 22 September 2013 | df= dmy-all }}</ref> or {{IPAc-en|ˌ|ʊ|t|ə|ˈ|r|æ|k|ə|n|d}};<ref>{{cite web|title = Definition of 'Uttarakhand'| publisher = Collins English Dictionary|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/uttarakhand|access-date=16 May 2021}}</ref> {{IPA-hi|'ʊt̪ːərɑːkʰəɳɖ|lang}}, {{literally|Northern Land}}), also known as '''Uttaranchal''' ({{small|English:}} {{IPAc-en|'|ʊ|t|ə|ˈ|r|æ|n|tʃ|ʌ|l}}; [[List of renamed places in India|the official name until 2007]]),<ref>{{cite web|title = Definition of 'Uttaranchal'| publisher = Collins English Dictionary|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/uttaranchal|access-date=16 May 2021}}</ref> is a state in [[North India|the northern part of India]]. It is often referred to as the "Devbhumi" (literally 'Land of the Gods')<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/dehradun/devbhumi-uttarakhand-the-original-land-of-yoga.html|title=Devbhumi Uttarakhand: The original land of yoga|last=Chopra|first=Jaskiran|work=The Daily Pioneer|date=21 June 2017|access-date=3 March 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180303145846/http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/dehradun/devbhumi-uttarakhand-the-original-land-of-yoga.html|archive-date=3 March 2018}}</ref> due to its religious significance and numerous [[Hindu temple]]s and [[Hindu pilgrimage sites in India|pilgrimage centres]] found throughout the state. Uttarakhand is known for the natural environment of the [[Himalayas]], the [[Bhabar]] and the [[Terai]] regions. It borders the [[Tibet Autonomous Region]] of China to the north; the [[Sudurpashchim Province]] of [[Nepal]] to the east; the Indian states of [[Uttar Pradesh]] to the south and [[Himachal Pradesh]] to the west and north-west. The state is divided into two divisions, [[Garhwal division|Garhwal]] and [[Kumaon division|Kumaon]], with a total of [[List of districts of Uttarakhand|13 districts]]. The winter capital of Uttarakhand is [[Dehradun]], the largest city of the state, which is a rail head. [[Bhararisain]], a town in [[Chamoli district]], is the summer capital of Uttarakhand.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bhararisain declared as summer capital of Uttarakhand|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/article/bhararisain-declared-as-summer-capital-of-uttarakhand/603160|access-date=24 November 2021|website=www.timesnownews.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=भराड़ीसैंण अब उत्तराखंड की ग्रीष्मकालीन राजधानी|url=https://www.jagran.com/uttarakhand/dehradun-city-bharadisain-20367162.html|access-date=24 November 2021|website=Dainik Jagran|language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Bhararisain (Garisain) district Chamoli has been declared as the summer capital of Uttarakhand: Government of Uttarakhand|url=https://twitter.com/timesofindia/status/1269901518427348998|access-date=24 November 2021|website=Twitter|language=en}}</ref> The [[Uttarakhand High Court|High Court]] of the state is located in [[Nainital]]. | ||
Archaeological evidence supports the existence of humans in the region since [[prehistoric times]]. The region formed a part of the [[Uttarakuru]] Kingdom during the [[Vedic period|Vedic age]] of [[Ancient India]]. Among the first major dynasties of Kumaon were the [[Kuninda]]s in the second century BCE who practiced an early form of [[Shaivism]]. [[Ashokan edicts]] at Kalsi show the early presence of [[Buddhism]] in this region. During the medieval period, the region was consolidated under the [[Katyuri kings|Katyuri rulers]] of Kumaon also known as 'Kurmanchal Kingdom'.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Pāṇḍe |first=Badarīdatta|title=History of Kumaun : English version of "Kumaon ka itihas"|date=1993|publisher=Shree Almora Book Depot|isbn=81-900209-5-1|oclc=645861049}}</ref> After the fall of Katyuris, the region was divided into the [[Kumaon Kingdom]] and the [[Garhwal Kingdom]]. In 1816, most of modern Uttarakhand was ceded to the [[British Raj|British]] as part of the [[Treaty of Sugauli]]. Although the erstwhile hill kingdoms of Garhwal and Kumaon were traditional rivals, the proximity of different neighbouring ethnic groups and the inseparable and complementary nature of their geography, economy, culture, language, and traditions created strong bonds between the two regions, which further strengthened during the [[Uttarakhand movement]] for statehood in the 1990s. | Archaeological evidence supports the existence of humans in the region since [[prehistoric times]]. The region formed a part of the [[Uttarakuru]] Kingdom during the [[Vedic period|Vedic age]] of [[Ancient India]]. Among the first major dynasties of Kumaon were the [[Kuninda]]s in the second century BCE who practiced an early form of [[Shaivism]]. [[Ashokan edicts]] at Kalsi show the early presence of [[Buddhism]] in this region. During the medieval period, the region was consolidated under the [[Katyuri kings|Katyuri rulers]] of Kumaon also known as 'Kurmanchal Kingdom'.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Pāṇḍe |first=Badarīdatta|title=History of Kumaun : English version of "Kumaon ka itihas"|date=1993|publisher=Shree Almora Book Depot|isbn=81-900209-5-1|oclc=645861049}}</ref> After the fall of Katyuris, the region was divided into the [[Kumaon Kingdom]] and the [[Garhwal Kingdom]]. In 1816, most of modern Uttarakhand was ceded to the [[British Raj|British]] as part of the [[Treaty of Sugauli]]. Although the erstwhile hill kingdoms of Garhwal and Kumaon were traditional rivals, the proximity of different neighbouring ethnic groups and the inseparable and complementary nature of their geography, economy, culture, language, and traditions created strong bonds between the two regions, which further strengthened during the [[Uttarakhand movement]] for statehood in the 1990s. | ||
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=== Ethnic groups === | === Ethnic groups === | ||
Uttarakhand has a multiethnic population spread across two geocultural regions: the Garhwal, and the Kumaon. A large portion of the population is [[Kshatriya]] (various clans of erstwhile landowning rulers and their descendants), including members of the native [[Garhwali people|Garhwali]], and [[Kumaoni people|Kumaoni]] as well as a number of migrants. According to a 2007 study by [[Centre for the Study of Developing Societies]], Uttarakhand has the highest percentage of [[Brahmin]]s of any state in India, with approximately 25-28% of the population being Brahmin.<ref>{{cite web|title=Brahmins in India|url=http://outlookindia.com/article/Brahmins-In-India/234783|work=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]|date=4 June 2007|access-date=17 July 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531222946/http://www.outlookindia.com/article/Brahmins-In-India/234783|archive-date=31 May 2014}}</ref> 18.3% of the population is classified as [[Other Backward Class | Uttarakhand has a multiethnic population spread across two geocultural regions: the Garhwal, and the Kumaon. A large portion of the population is [[Kshatriya]] (various clans of erstwhile landowning rulers and their descendants), including members of the native [[Garhwali people|Garhwali]], and [[Kumaoni people|Kumaoni]] as well as a number of migrants. According to a 2007 study by [[Centre for the Study of Developing Societies]], Uttarakhand has the highest percentage of [[Brahmin]]s of any state in India, with approximately 25-28% of the population being Brahmin.<ref>{{cite web|title=Brahmins in India|url=http://outlookindia.com/article/Brahmins-In-India/234783|work=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]|date=4 June 2007|access-date=17 July 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531222946/http://www.outlookindia.com/article/Brahmins-In-India/234783|archive-date=31 May 2014}}</ref> 18.3% of the population is classified as [[Other Backward Class]]es (OBCs).<ref>{{Cite book|title=Handbook of Social Welfare Statistics|year=2018|url=https://socialjustice.nic.in/writereaddata/UploadFile/HANDBOOKSocialWelfareStatistice2018.pdf|pages=238}}</ref> 18.76% of the population belongs to the [[Scheduled Castes]] (an official term for the lower castes in the traditional [[caste system in India]]).<ref name="Demography" /> [[Scheduled Tribes]] such as the [[Jaunsari people|Jaunsari]], [[Bhotiyas of Uttarakhand|Bhotiya]], [[Tharu people|Tharu]], [[Bhoksa people|Buksa]], [[Raji people|Raji]], [[Jad people|Jad]] and [[Ban Rawats|Banrawat]] constitute 2.89% of the population.<ref name="Demography" /> | ||
=== Languages === | === Languages === | ||
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}} | }} | ||
More than four-fifths of Uttarakhand's residents are [[Hindus]].<ref name="Britannica" /> [[Muslims]], [[Sikhs]], [[Christians]], [[Buddhist]]s, and [[Jain]]s make up the remaining population, with the Muslims being the largest minority.<ref name="Britannica" /><ref name="Demography" / | More than four-fifths of Uttarakhand's residents are [[Hindus]].<ref name="Britannica" /> [[Muslims]], [[Sikhs]], [[Christians]], [[Buddhist]]s, and [[Jain]]s make up the remaining population, with the Muslims being the largest minority.<ref name="Britannica" /><ref name="Demography" /> | ||
== Government and politics == | == Government and politics == | ||
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One of the major [[Hindu pilgrimage sites|Hindu pilgrimages]], [[Haridwar Kumbh Mela]], takes place in Uttarakhand. [[Haridwar]] is one of the four places in India where this mela is organised. Haridwar most recently hosted the Purna [[Kumbh Mela]] from [[Makar Sankranti]] (14 January 2010) to Vaishakh Purnima Snan (28 April 2010). Hundreds of foreigners joined Indian pilgrims in the festival, which is considered the largest religious gathering in the world.<ref name=AFP>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/incoming/millions-dip-in-ganges-at-worlds-biggest-religious-festival-1944892.html |title=Millions dip in Ganges at world's biggest religious festival |access-date=3 November 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180206131616/https://www.independent.co.uk/incoming/millions-dip-in-ganges-at-worlds-biggest-religious-festival-1944892.html |archive-date=6 February 2018 |date=13 April 2010 }}, [[The Independent]], 14 April 2010</ref> | One of the major [[Hindu pilgrimage sites|Hindu pilgrimages]], [[Haridwar Kumbh Mela]], takes place in Uttarakhand. [[Haridwar]] is one of the four places in India where this mela is organised. Haridwar most recently hosted the Purna [[Kumbh Mela]] from [[Makar Sankranti]] (14 January 2010) to Vaishakh Purnima Snan (28 April 2010). Hundreds of foreigners joined Indian pilgrims in the festival, which is considered the largest religious gathering in the world.<ref name=AFP>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/incoming/millions-dip-in-ganges-at-worlds-biggest-religious-festival-1944892.html |title=Millions dip in Ganges at world's biggest religious festival |access-date=3 November 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180206131616/https://www.independent.co.uk/incoming/millions-dip-in-ganges-at-worlds-biggest-religious-festival-1944892.html |archive-date=6 February 2018 |date=13 April 2010 }}, [[The Independent]], 14 April 2010</ref> | ||
[[Kumauni Holi]], in forms including Baithki Holi, Khari Holi, and Mahila Holi, all of which start from [[Vasant Panchami]], are festivals and musical affairs that can last almost a month. [[Ganga Dussehra|Ganga Dashahara]], Vasant Panchami, Makar Sankranti, Ghee Sankranti, Khatarua, [[Vat Savitri]], and Phul Dei are other major festivals. In addition, various fairs like [[Kanwar Yatra]], [[Kandali Festival]], [[Ramman (festival)|Ramman]], [[Harela Mela]], [[Kartik Purnima|Kauthig]], [[Nauchandi Mela]], Giddi Mela, Uttarayani Mela and [[Nanda Devi Raj Jat]] take place. | [[Kumauni Holi]], in forms including Baithki Holi, Khari Holi, and Mahila Holi, all of which start from [[Vasant Panchami]], are festivals and musical affairs that can last almost a month. [[Ganga Dussehra|Ganga Dashahara]], Vasant Panchami, Makar Sankranti, Ghee Sankranti, Khatarua, [[Vat Savitri]], and Phul Dei (The festival of spring) are other major festivals. In addition, various fairs like [[Kanwar Yatra]], [[Kandali Festival]], [[Ramman (festival)|Ramman]], [[Harela Mela]], [[Kartik Purnima|Kauthig]], [[Nauchandi Mela]], Giddi Mela, Uttarayani Mela and [[Nanda Devi Raj Jat]] take place. | ||
The festivals of [[Kumbh Mela]] at [[Haridwar]], [[Ramlila]], [[Ramman (festival)|Ramman]] of [[Garhwal division|Garhwal]], the traditions of [[Vedic chant]]ings and [[Yoga]] are [[UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists|included in the list]] of [[Intangible cultural heritage]] of the [[UNESCO]].<ref name="Kumbh Mela">{{cite web | title= Kumbh Mela | url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/kumbh-mela-01258 |publisher=UNESCO Culture Sector |access-date=7 December 2017}}</ref><ref name=ramlila>{{cite web|title=Ramlila – the Traditional Performance of the Ramayana |url=http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/index.php?RL=38 |publisher=UNESCO Culture Sector |access-date=7 September 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121006063939/http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/index.php?RL=38 |archive-date=6 October 2012 }}</ref><ref name=ramman>{{cite web| title= Ramman, religious festival and ritual theatre of the Garhwal Himalayas, India |url= http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/index.php?lg=en&pg=00011&RL=00281 |publisher=UNESCO Culture Sector |access-date=14 January 2013}}</ref><ref name=vedic>{{cite web|title=The Tradition of Vedic Chanting |url=http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/index.php?RL=37 |publisher=UNESCO Culture Sector |access-date=7 September 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090628222637/http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/index.php?RL=37 |archive-date=28 June 2009 }}</ref><ref name="Yoga">{{cite web | title= Yoga | url= http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/en/RL/yoga-01163 |publisher=UNESCO Culture Sector |access-date=2 December 2016}}</ref> | The festivals of [[Kumbh Mela]] at [[Haridwar]], [[Ramlila]], [[Ramman (festival)|Ramman]] of [[Garhwal division|Garhwal]], the traditions of [[Vedic chant]]ings and [[Yoga]] are [[UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists|included in the list]] of [[Intangible cultural heritage]] of the [[UNESCO]].<ref name="Kumbh Mela">{{cite web | title= Kumbh Mela | url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/kumbh-mela-01258 |publisher=UNESCO Culture Sector |access-date=7 December 2017}}</ref><ref name=ramlila>{{cite web|title=Ramlila – the Traditional Performance of the Ramayana |url=http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/index.php?RL=38 |publisher=UNESCO Culture Sector |access-date=7 September 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121006063939/http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/index.php?RL=38 |archive-date=6 October 2012 }}</ref><ref name=ramman>{{cite web| title= Ramman, religious festival and ritual theatre of the Garhwal Himalayas, India |url= http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/index.php?lg=en&pg=00011&RL=00281 |publisher=UNESCO Culture Sector |access-date=14 January 2013}}</ref><ref name=vedic>{{cite web|title=The Tradition of Vedic Chanting |url=http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/index.php?RL=37 |publisher=UNESCO Culture Sector |access-date=7 September 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090628222637/http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/index.php?RL=37 |archive-date=28 June 2009 }}</ref><ref name="Yoga">{{cite web | title= Yoga | url= http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/en/RL/yoga-01163 |publisher=UNESCO Culture Sector |access-date=2 December 2016}}</ref> | ||
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The Uttarakhand state is the second fastest growing state in India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/business/business-others/madhya-pradesh-now-fastest-growing-state-uttarakhand-pips-bihar-to-reach-second/|title=Madhya Pradesh now fastest growing state, Uttarakhand pips Bihar to reach second|date=8 September 2014|work=The Indian Express|access-date=6 May 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150503223718/http://indianexpress.com/article/business/business-others/madhya-pradesh-now-fastest-growing-state-uttarakhand-pips-bihar-to-reach-second/|archive-date=3 May 2015}}</ref> Its gross state domestic product (GSDP) (at constant prices) more than doubled from {{INR}}24,786 crore in FY2005 to {{INR}}60,898 crore in FY2012. The real GSDP grew at 13.7% (CAGR) during the FY2005–FY2012 period. The contribution of the service sector to the GSDP of Uttarakhand was just over 50% during FY 2012. Per capita income in Uttarakhand is {{INR}} 198738 (FY 2018–19), which is higher than the national average of {{INR}} 126406 (FY 2018–19).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mospi.nic.in/sites/default/files/press_releases_statements/State_wise_SDP_01_08_2019_for_uploading.xls|title=Uttarakhand's per capita income up : State of the States – India Today|access-date=6 May 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150426104343/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/uttarakhand-macro-economy-economics-and-statistics-department/1/398361.html|archive-date=26 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/uttarakhand-per-capita-income-rises-to-rs-1-03-lakh-114071101356_1.html|title=Uttarakhand per capita income rises to Rs 1.03 lakh|author=Shishir Prashant|date=11 July 2014|newspaper=Business Standard India|access-date=6 May 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150502134236/http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/uttarakhand-per-capita-income-rises-to-rs-1-03-lakh-114071101356_1.html|archive-date=2 May 2015}}</ref> According to the [[Reserve Bank of India]], the total foreign direct investment in the state from April 2000 to October 2009 amounted to US$46.7 million.<ref>{{cite web|title=Uttarakhand|url=http://www.ibef.org/download/Uttarakhand_060710.pdf|publisher=India Brand Equity Foundation|access-date=17 July 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120710231926/http://www.ibef.org/download/Uttarakhand_060710.pdf|archive-date=10 July 2012}}</ref> | The Uttarakhand state is the second fastest growing state in India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/business/business-others/madhya-pradesh-now-fastest-growing-state-uttarakhand-pips-bihar-to-reach-second/|title=Madhya Pradesh now fastest growing state, Uttarakhand pips Bihar to reach second|date=8 September 2014|work=The Indian Express|access-date=6 May 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150503223718/http://indianexpress.com/article/business/business-others/madhya-pradesh-now-fastest-growing-state-uttarakhand-pips-bihar-to-reach-second/|archive-date=3 May 2015}}</ref> Its gross state domestic product (GSDP) (at constant prices) more than doubled from {{INR}}24,786 crore in FY2005 to {{INR}}60,898 crore in FY2012. The real GSDP grew at 13.7% (CAGR) during the FY2005–FY2012 period. The contribution of the service sector to the GSDP of Uttarakhand was just over 50% during FY 2012. Per capita income in Uttarakhand is {{INR}} 198738 (FY 2018–19), which is higher than the national average of {{INR}} 126406 (FY 2018–19).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mospi.nic.in/sites/default/files/press_releases_statements/State_wise_SDP_01_08_2019_for_uploading.xls|title=Uttarakhand's per capita income up : State of the States – India Today|access-date=6 May 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150426104343/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/uttarakhand-macro-economy-economics-and-statistics-department/1/398361.html|archive-date=26 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/uttarakhand-per-capita-income-rises-to-rs-1-03-lakh-114071101356_1.html|title=Uttarakhand per capita income rises to Rs 1.03 lakh|author=Shishir Prashant|date=11 July 2014|newspaper=Business Standard India|access-date=6 May 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150502134236/http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/uttarakhand-per-capita-income-rises-to-rs-1-03-lakh-114071101356_1.html|archive-date=2 May 2015}}</ref> According to the [[Reserve Bank of India]], the total foreign direct investment in the state from April 2000 to October 2009 amounted to US$46.7 million.<ref>{{cite web|title=Uttarakhand|url=http://www.ibef.org/download/Uttarakhand_060710.pdf|publisher=India Brand Equity Foundation|access-date=17 July 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120710231926/http://www.ibef.org/download/Uttarakhand_060710.pdf|archive-date=10 July 2012}}</ref> | ||
Like most of India, agriculture is one of the most significant sectors of the economy of Uttarakhand. [[Basmati]] rice, wheat, soybeans, groundnuts, coarse cereals, pulses, and [[oil seeds]] are the most widely grown crops. Fruits like apples, oranges, pears, peaches, lychees, and plums are widely grown and important to the large food processing industry. Agricultural export zones have been set up in the state for lychees, horticulture, herbs, medicinal plants, and basmati rice. During 2010, wheat production was 831 thousand tonnes and rice production was 610 thousand tonnes, while the main cash crop of the state, sugarcane, had a production of 5058 thousand tonnes. As 86% of the state consists of hills, the yield per hectare is not very high. 86% of all croplands are in the plains while the remaining is from the hills.<ref name="phd">{{cite web|title=Uttarakhand: The State Profile |url=http://www.phdcci.in/admin/userfiles/file/Research-Bureau/Uttarakhand.pdf |publisher=PHD Chamber of Commerce and Industry |access-date=17 July 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021054815/http://www.phdcci.in/admin/userfiles/file/Research-Bureau/Uttarakhand.pdf |archive-date=21 October 2012 }}</ref> The state also holds the GI tag for Tejpatta ([[Cinnamomum tamala]]) or Indian bay leaf, which is known to add flavour to dishes and also possesses several medicinal properties.<ref>{{ | Like most of India, agriculture is one of the most significant sectors of the economy of Uttarakhand. [[Basmati]] rice, wheat, soybeans, groundnuts, coarse cereals, pulses, and [[oil seeds]] are the most widely grown crops. Fruits like apples, oranges, pears, peaches, lychees, and plums are widely grown and important to the large food processing industry. Agricultural export zones have been set up in the state for lychees, horticulture, herbs, medicinal plants, and basmati rice. During 2010, wheat production was 831 thousand tonnes and rice production was 610 thousand tonnes, while the main cash crop of the state, sugarcane, had a production of 5058 thousand tonnes. As 86% of the state consists of hills, the yield per hectare is not very high. 86% of all croplands are in the plains while the remaining is from the hills.<ref name="phd">{{cite web|title=Uttarakhand: The State Profile |url=http://www.phdcci.in/admin/userfiles/file/Research-Bureau/Uttarakhand.pdf |publisher=PHD Chamber of Commerce and Industry |access-date=17 July 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021054815/http://www.phdcci.in/admin/userfiles/file/Research-Bureau/Uttarakhand.pdf |archive-date=21 October 2012 }}</ref> The state also holds the GI tag for Tejpatta ([[Cinnamomum tamala]]) or Indian bay leaf, which is known to add flavour to dishes and also possesses several medicinal properties.<ref>{{cite news |title=Tejpatta gets GI tag |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/features/tejpatta-gets-gi-tag-247787 |access-date=22 May 2022 |work=Tribune |date=7 June 2016 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; width:260px; margin:0 0 1em 1em; background:#f4f5f6; border:#c6c7c8 solid; font-size:90%;" | {| class="wikitable" style="float:right; width:260px; margin:0 0 1em 1em; background:#f4f5f6; border:#c6c7c8 solid; font-size:90%;" | ||
| colspan=2 style="background:#c2d6e5; text-align:center;"| Economy of Uttarakhand at a Glance<ref name="mospi.nic.in">{{cite web | url = http://mospi.nic.in | title = Uttarakhand Economy at a Glance | date = 1 August 2012 | work = State Domestic Product and other aggregates (2004–05 series) | publisher = [[Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation]] | access-date = 1 August 2012 | url-status=live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121009194142/http://www.mospi.nic.in/ | archive-date = 9 October 2012 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> | | colspan=2 style="background:#c2d6e5; text-align:center;"| Economy of Uttarakhand at a Glance<ref name="mospi.nic.in">{{cite web | url = http://mospi.nic.in | title = Uttarakhand Economy at a Glance | date = 1 August 2012 | work = State Domestic Product and other aggregates (2004–05 series) | publisher = [[Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation]] | access-date = 1 August 2012 | url-status=live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121009194142/http://www.mospi.nic.in/ | archive-date = 9 October 2012 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> | ||
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[[Vasudhara Falls]], near [[Badrinath]] is a waterfall with a height of {{convert|122|m|ft}} set in a backdrop of snow-clad mountains.<ref name=harsh>{{cite book|last=Bisht|first=Harshwanti|title=Tourism in Garhwal Himalaya : with special reference to mountaineering and trekking in Uttarkashi and Chamoli Districts|year=1994|publisher=Indus Pub. Co.|location=New Delhi|isbn=9788173870064|pages=41, 43|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6C6DGU73WzsC|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160110042140/https://books.google.com/books?id=6C6DGU73WzsC|archive-date=10 January 2016}}</ref> | [[Vasudhara Falls]], near [[Badrinath]] is a waterfall with a height of {{convert|122|m|ft}} set in a backdrop of snow-clad mountains.<ref name=harsh>{{cite book|last=Bisht|first=Harshwanti|title=Tourism in Garhwal Himalaya : with special reference to mountaineering and trekking in Uttarkashi and Chamoli Districts|year=1994|publisher=Indus Pub. Co.|location=New Delhi|isbn=9788173870064|pages=41, 43|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6C6DGU73WzsC|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160110042140/https://books.google.com/books?id=6C6DGU73WzsC|archive-date=10 January 2016}}</ref> | ||
The state has always been a destination for [[mountaineering]], [[hiking]], and [[rock climbing]] in India. A recent development in [[adventure tourism]] in the region has been whitewater [[rafting]] in Rishikesh. Due to its proximity to the Himalaya ranges, the place is full of hills and mountains and is suitable for trekking, climbing, skiing, camping, rock climbing, and paragliding.<ref>{{cite web|title=Destination for Adventure Sports|url=http://mapsofindia.com/maps/uttaranchal/uttaranchaltourist.htm|publisher=mapsofindia.com|access-date=29 July 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120814113714/http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/uttaranchal/uttaranchaltourist.htm|archive-date=14 August 2012}}</ref> [[Roopkund]] is a trekking site, known for the mysterious skeletons found in a lake, which was featured by [[National Geographic Channel]] in a documentary.<ref>{{cite web|title=UTET|url=http://www.whatismyresults.com/2013/09/UTET-answer-Key-UTET-Result.html|work=Uttarakhand|access-date=29 July 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130912011106/http://www.whatismyresults.com/2013/09/UTET-answer-Key-UTET-Result.html|archive-date=12 September 2013}}</ref> The trek to Roopkund passes through the meadows of [[Bugyal]]. | The state has always been a destination for [[mountaineering]], [[hiking]], and [[rock climbing]] in India. A recent development in [[adventure tourism]] in the region has been whitewater [[rafting]] in Rishikesh. Due to its proximity to the Himalaya ranges, the place is full of hills and mountains and is suitable for trekking, climbing, skiing, camping, rock climbing, and paragliding.<ref>{{cite web|title=Destination for Adventure Sports|url=http://mapsofindia.com/maps/uttaranchal/uttaranchaltourist.htm|publisher=mapsofindia.com|access-date=29 July 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120814113714/http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/uttaranchal/uttaranchaltourist.htm|archive-date=14 August 2012}}</ref> [[Roopkund]] is a trekking site, known for the mysterious skeletons found in a lake, which was featured by [[National Geographic Channel]] in a documentary.<ref>{{cite web|title=UTET|url=http://www.whatismyresults.com/2013/09/UTET-answer-Key-UTET-Result.html|work=Uttarakhand|access-date=29 July 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130912011106/http://www.whatismyresults.com/2013/09/UTET-answer-Key-UTET-Result.html|archive-date=12 September 2013}}</ref> The trek to Roopkund passes through the meadows of [[Bugyal]]. | ||
[[New Tehri]] city has [[Tehri Dam]]''',''' with a height of 260.5 m (855 ft) is the [https://indiawris.gov.in/wiki/doku.php?id=large_dams_in_india tallest dam in India]. It is currently ranked No 10 on the [[List of tallest dams|List of Tallest Dams]] in the world. Tehri Lake with a surface area of 52 km<sup>2</sup>, is the biggest lake in the [[List of lakes of India|state of Uttarakhand]]. It has good options for Adventure Sports and various water sports like Boating, Banana Boat, Bandwagon Boat, Jet Ski, Water Skiing, Para-sailing, Kayaking.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Official Tehri Adventure |url=https://adventuretehri.com/ |access-date=18 May 2022 |website=adventuretehri.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Water Sports in Tehri Dam: Cost, Timings and Reviews |url=https://indiathrills.com/tehri-dam-water-sports/ |access-date=18 May 2022 |website=India Thrills |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1 April 2017 |title=Tehri Lake Adventure Sports |url=https://www.raftingbeast.com/tehri-lake-adventure-sports/ |access-date=18 May 2022 |language=en-US}}</ref> | |||
[[File:Mt.Kedarnath.jpg|thumb|right|[[Garhwal Himalaya]] mountain range in [[Kedarnath]], Uttarakhand.]] | [[File:Mt.Kedarnath.jpg|thumb|right|[[Garhwal Himalaya]] mountain range in [[Kedarnath]], Uttarakhand.]] | ||
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== See also == | == See also == | ||
{{Portal|India|Asia|Geography}} | |||
* [[Outline of Uttarakhand]] | * [[Outline of Uttarakhand]] | ||
* [[Himalayan states]] | * [[Himalayan states]] | ||
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{{Hindu temples in Uttarakhand}} | {{Hindu temples in Uttarakhand}} | ||
{{States and territories of India}} | {{States and territories of India}} | ||
{{Authority control}} | {{Authority control}} | ||