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Guler State
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| Guler State गुलेर | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Princely State | |||||||||
| 1415–1813 | |||||||||
| Capital | Haripur Guler | ||||||||
| Area | |||||||||
• | 65 km2 (25 sq mi) | ||||||||
| History | |||||||||
| History | |||||||||
• Foundation of the state | 1415 | ||||||||
• Annexed by the British Raj | 1813 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Today part of | Himachal Pradesh, India | ||||||||
Guler was a small precolonial Indian hill state in the Lower Himalayas. Its capital was the town of Haripur Guler, in modern-day Himachal Pradesh. The kingdom was founded in 1415 by Raja Hari Chand, a scion of the ancient royal family of Kangra.[citation needed]
Guler State is famous as the birthplace of Kangra painting in the first half of the 18th century when a family of Kashmiri painters trained in Mughal painting sought shelter at the court of Raja Dalip Singh (r. 1695–1741) of Guler. The rise of Guler Paintings or Guler style started in what is known as the early phase of Kangra art.[1]
History[edit]
Early history[edit]
According to legends, the Guler state was founded at an uncertain date between 1405 and 1450 by Raja Hari Chand. One fateful day, he fell into a dry well while hunting. Since no one could find him, the Raja was presumed dead and his brother was then named the Raja of Kangra State. When Raja Hari Chand was eventually brought back alive from the well, instead of fighting for his rights to the throne, he founded the town of Haripur on the valley below the fort by the Banganga River.[2]
British Raj[edit]
In 1813, Guler state was annexed to British India, after a brief period of Sikh rule under Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Bhup Singh (1765 - 1826) was the last ruling king. He accepted a jagir in Nandpur in 1826. The jagir was recognized by the British government in 1853. In 1877, his son Shamsher Singh died without male heirs and the state lapsed.[citation needed]
Rulers[edit]
A list of rulers of the Guler state who bore the title 'Raja'.[3]
Rajas[edit]
- 1247- 1267. Hari Chander
- 1271- 1292. Gun Chand
- 1293- 1310. Udhan Chander
- 1310 - 1333. Swaran Chand
- 1333- 1347. Gyan Chander
- 1348 - 1367. Narender Chander
- 1367 - 1389. Udhen Chander
- 1389 - 1414. Rattan Chander
- 1415 - 1433. Garud Chander
- 1433 - 1438. Gambhir Chand
- 1448 - 1464. Abhay Chander
- 1464 - 1471. Uttam Chander
- 1481 - 1503. Prithvi Chander
- 1503 - 1526 Karan Chander
- 1526 – 1550 Ram Chand (Fifteenth ruler)
- 1550 – Jagdish Chand
- 1568 - Rup Chand
- 1635 – 1661 Man Singh
- 1661 – 1675 Vikram Singh
- 1695 – 1741 Dalip Singh (b. 1688 – d. 1741)
- 1695 – 1705 Bilas Devi (f) -Regent
- 1730 – 1741 Govardhan Singh -Regent (b. 1713 – d. 1773)
- 1773 – 1790 Prakash Singh (b. 1748 – d. 1820)
- 1790 – 1813 Bhup Singh (b. 1765 – d. 1826)
Guler paintings[edit]
The Guler state became famous for its Kangra paintings. Guler style painting constitutes the early phase of Kangra Kalam. Around the middle of the eighteenth century, some Hindu artists trained in Mughal style sought the patronage of the Rajas of Guler in the Kangra Valley.
Of the hill states, Guler has the longest tradition in the art of painting. During the rule of Raja Dalip Singh (1645–1743), artists were working at Haripur, Guler. However, it was during the reign of Govardhan Chand (1743–1773) that an active school of painting developed at Haripur, Guler. There are numerous portraits of the king in the Chandigarh Museum.[4] Govardhan Chand's son, Prakash Chand (1773–1779), continued the patronage of artists. His son, Bhup Chand (1790–1826), had artists working under him. Painting in Guler continued right up to the close of the 19th century.[citation needed]
The art of Guler style painting flourished in families with distinguishable styles and techniques, most significant amo them were that of Pandit Seu of Guler, who died in about 1740, and his sons, Nainsukh and Manaku. Later, while Manaku worked at Guler, Nainsukh migrated to Jammu.[5]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ↑ Hill Post - Guler Style
- ↑ Mark Brentnall The Princely and Noble Families of the Former Indian Empire Himachal Pradesh, vol. I: Himachal Pradesh, Indus Publishing, 2004, ISBN 8173871639, ISBN 9788173871634, p. 304
- ↑ Princely states of India
- ↑ "Chandigarh Museum - Kangra paintings". Archived from the original on 15 June 2006. Retrieved 4 July 2014.
- ↑ Hindu Hill Kingdoms Archived 30 March 2010 at the Wayback Machine V&A Museum
Further reading[edit]
- Kossak , Steven (1997). Indian court painting, 16th–19th century.. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. ISBN 0870997831. (see index: p. 148-152, for more information about Guler Painting)
External links[edit]
Template:Princely states annexed by British India Coordinates: 32°00′N 76°10′E / 32.0°N 76.16°E