@@ Line 4: / Line 4: @@
 {{Use Indian English|date=October 2019}}
 {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
-{{Contains special characters|Indic}}
 {{Infobox settlement
 | official_name            = Lucknow
@@ Line 11: / Line 10: @@
 | blank_emblem_size        = 100px
 | native_name              =
-| native_name_lang         = <!-- Please do not add any Indic script in this infobox, per WP:INDICSCRIPT policy. -->
+| native_name_lang         = <!-- Please do not add any Indic script in this infobox, per BP:INDICSCRIPT policy. -->
-| settlement_type          = [[Capital city]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br/>[[Metropolis]]
+| settlement_type          = [[Capital city]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]]
 | image_skyline            = {{multiple image
 | border                   = infobox
@@ Line 115: / Line 114: @@
 | name                     =
 }}
-'''Lucknow''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|ʌ|k|n|aʊ}}, {{IPA-hns|ˈləkʰnəuː|lang|Lucknow.ogg}} {{transl|hns|Lakhnaū}}) is the [[List of state and union territory capitals in India|capital]] and the largest city of the [[List of state and union territory capitals in India|Indian state]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]] and it is also the [[List of million-plus urban agglomerations in India|second largest]] urban agglomeration in Uttar Pradesh.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lucknow.nic.in/ |title=Welcome to Lucknow District Official Website |publisher=Lucknow.nic.in |access-date=26 March 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100212231527/http://lucknow.nic.in/ |archive-date=12 February 2010 |url-status=live  }}</ref><ref name="times">{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Lucknow-pips-Kanpur-emerges-as-most-populous-city-in-UP/articleshow/7879054.cms|title=Lucknow pips Kanpur, emerges as most populous city in UP|date=6 April 2011|website=[[The Times of India]]|location=Lucknow|access-date=12 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180524064744/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Lucknow-pips-Kanpur-emerges-as-most-populous-city-in-UP/articleshow/7879054.cms|archive-date=24 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Lucknow is the administrative headquarters of the eponymous [[Lucknow district|district]] and [[Lucknow division|division]]. Having a population of 2.8 million as per 2011 census, it is the [[List of cities in India by population|eleventh most populous city]] and [[List of million-plus urban agglomerations in India|the twelfth-most populous urban agglomeration]] of India. Lucknow has always been a multicultural city that flourished as a North Indian cultural and artistic hub, and the seat of power of [[Nawab]]s in the 18th and 19th centuries.<ref name="Lucknow directory of service">{{cite web|url=http://lucknowonline.com/dukaan/about-2/|title=Lucknow directory of service|website=Lucknow Online|access-date=27 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150705161638/http://lucknowonline.com/dukaan/about-2/|archive-date=5 July 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> It continues to be an important centre of governance, administration, education, commerce, aerospace, finance, pharmaceuticals, technology, design, culture, tourism, music and poetry.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/LDA-begins-process-to-expand-Lucknows-territory/articleshow/45997595.cms|title=LDA begins process to expand Lucknow's territory|date=24 January 2015|website=[[The Times of India]]|location=Lucknow|access-date=12 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171109021539/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/LDA-begins-process-to-expand-Lucknows-territory/articleshow/45997595.cms|archive-date=9 November 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Lucknow-gets-bigger-by-380-sq-km-in-10-yrs/articleshow/7479048.cms|title=Lucknow gets bigger by 380 sq km in 10 yrs|date=12 February 2011|website=[[The Times of India]]|location=Lucknow|access-date=12 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171109020005/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Lucknow-gets-bigger-by-380-sq-km-in-10-yrs/articleshow/7479048.cms|archive-date=9 November 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.thedivineconspiracy.org/Z5259B.pdf|title = Sacred space and holy war|access-date = 27 August 2014|website = Divine Conspiracy|last = Cole|first = Juan Ricardo|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140819090918/http://www.thedivineconspiracy.org/Z5259B.pdf|archive-date = 19 August 2014|url-status = dead|df = dmy-all}}</ref>
+{{Contains special characters|Indic}}
+'''Lucknow''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|ʌ|k|n|aʊ}}, {{IPA-hns|ˈləkʰnəuː|lang|Lucknow.ogg}} {{transliteration|hns|Lakhnaū}}) is the [[List of state and union territory capitals in India|capital]] and the largest city of the [[List of state and union territory capitals in India|Indian state]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]] and it is also the [[List of million-plus urban agglomerations in India|second largest]] urban agglomeration in Uttar Pradesh.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lucknow.nic.in/ |title=Welcome to Lucknow District Official Website |publisher=Lucknow.nic.in |access-date=26 March 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100212231527/http://lucknow.nic.in/ |archive-date=12 February 2010 |url-status=live  }}</ref><ref name="times">{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Lucknow-pips-Kanpur-emerges-as-most-populous-city-in-UP/articleshow/7879054.cms|title=Lucknow pips Kanpur, emerges as most populous city in UP|date=6 April 2011|website=[[The Times of India]]|location=Lucknow|access-date=12 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180524064744/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Lucknow-pips-Kanpur-emerges-as-most-populous-city-in-UP/articleshow/7879054.cms|archive-date=24 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Lucknow is the administrative headquarters of the eponymous [[Lucknow district|district]] and [[Lucknow division|division]]. Having a population of 2.8 million as per 2011 census, it is the [[List of cities in India by population|eleventh most populous city]] and [[List of million-plus urban agglomerations in India|the twelfth-most populous urban agglomeration]] of India. Lucknow has always been a [[Multiculturalism|multicultural]] city that flourished as a North Indian cultural and artistic hub, and the seat of power of [[Nawab]]s in the 18th and 19th centuries.<ref name="Lucknow directory of service">{{cite web|url=http://lucknowonline.com/dukaan/about-2/|title=Lucknow directory of service|website=Lucknow Online|access-date=27 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150705161638/http://lucknowonline.com/dukaan/about-2/|archive-date=5 July 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> It continues to be an important centre of governance, administration, education, commerce, aerospace, finance, pharmaceuticals, technology, design, culture, tourism, music, and poetry.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/LDA-begins-process-to-expand-Lucknows-territory/articleshow/45997595.cms|title=LDA begins process to expand Lucknow's territory|date=24 January 2015|website=[[The Times of India]]|location=Lucknow|access-date=12 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171109021539/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/LDA-begins-process-to-expand-Lucknows-territory/articleshow/45997595.cms|archive-date=9 November 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Lucknow-gets-bigger-by-380-sq-km-in-10-yrs/articleshow/7479048.cms|title=Lucknow gets bigger by 380 sq km in 10 yrs|date=12 February 2011|website=[[The Times of India]]|location=Lucknow|access-date=12 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171109020005/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Lucknow-gets-bigger-by-380-sq-km-in-10-yrs/articleshow/7479048.cms|archive-date=9 November 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.thedivineconspiracy.org/Z5259B.pdf|title = Sacred space and holy war|access-date = 27 August 2014|website = Divine Conspiracy|last = Cole|first = Juan Ricardo|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140819090918/http://www.thedivineconspiracy.org/Z5259B.pdf|archive-date = 19 August 2014|url-status = dead|df = dmy-all}}</ref>
-Lucknow stands at an elevation of approximately {{convert|123|m|ft}} above sea level. The city had an area of {{convert|402|km2|sqmi|abbr=in}} until December 2019, when 88 villages were added to the municipal limits and the area increased to {{convert|631|km2|sqmi|abbr=in}}.<ref>{{Cite news|date=4 December 2019|first=Pranchal|last=Srivastava|title=Lucknow to expand, 88 new villages under LMC wings|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/lucknow-to-expand-88-new-villages-under-lmc-wings/articleshow/72356975.cms|access-date=20 October 2020|work=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> Bounded on the east by [[Barabanki]], on the west by [[Unnao]], on the south by [[Raebareli]] and in the north by [[Sitapur]] and [[Hardoi]], Lucknow sits on the northwestern shore of the [[Gomti River]].  {{As of|2008}}, there were 110 wards in the city. Morphologically, three clear demarcations exist:  The [[Central business district]], which is a fully built up area, comprises [[Hazratganj]], [[Aminabad, Lucknow|Aminabad]] and Chowk. A middle zone surrounds the inner zone with cement houses while the outer zone consists of slums.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lucknow Report|url=http://uhi-india.org/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=318&Itemid=80|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814041343/http://uhi-india.org/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=318&Itemid=80|archive-date=14 August 2014|access-date=27 August 2014|website=Urban Health Initiative}}</ref>
+Lucknow stands at an elevation of approximately {{convert|123|m|ft}} above sea level. The city had an area of {{convert|402|km2|sqmi|abbr=in}} until December 2019, when 88 villages were added to the municipal limits and the area increased to {{convert|631|km2|sqmi|abbr=in}}.<ref>{{Cite news|date=4 December 2019|first=Pranchal|last=Srivastava|title=Lucknow to expand, 88 new villages under LMC wings|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/lucknow-to-expand-88-new-villages-under-lmc-wings/articleshow/72356975.cms|access-date=20 October 2020|work=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> Bounded on the east by [[Barabanki]], on the west by [[Unnao]], on the south by [[Raebareli]] and in the north by [[Sitapur]] and [[Hardoi]], Lucknow sits on the northwestern shore of the [[Gomti River]].  {{As of|2008}}, there were 110 wards in the city. Morphologically, three clear demarcations exist:  The [[Central business district]], which is a fully built up area, comprises [[Hazratganj]], [[Aminabad, Lucknow|Aminabad]] and Chowk. A middle zone surrounds the inner zone with concrete houses while the outer zone consists of slums.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lucknow Report|url=http://uhi-india.org/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=318&Itemid=80|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814041343/http://uhi-india.org/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=318&Itemid=80|archive-date=14 August 2014|access-date=27 August 2014|website=Urban Health Initiative}}</ref>
 Historically, Lucknow was the capital of the [[Awadh]] region, controlled by the [[Delhi Sultanate]] and later the [[Mughal Empire]]. It was transferred to the [[Nawab of Awadh|Nawabs of Awadh]]. In 1856, the [[British East India Company]] abolished local rule and took complete control of the city along with the rest of Awadh and, in 1857, transferred it to the [[British Raj]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.maharajas-express-india.com/blog/lucknow-the-city-of-tehzeeb-culture/ |title=Lucknow: The City of Tehzeeb (culture) &#124; Maharajas Express Blog – Luxury Train Guide, News |newspaper=Maharaja Express Train |publisher=Maharajas Express India |date=27 February 2013 |access-date=4 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808070448/http://www.maharajas-express-india.com/blog/lucknow-the-city-of-tehzeeb-culture/ |archive-date=8 August 2014 |url-status=live  }}</ref> Along with the rest of [[India]], Lucknow became independent from Britain on [[Independence Day (India)|15 August 1947]]. It has been listed as the 17th-fastest growing city in [[India]] and 74th in the world.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/urban_growth1.html |title=World's fastest growing urban areas (1) |publisher=City Mayors |access-date=29 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101125090345/http://citymayors.com/statistics/urban_growth1.html |archive-date=25 November 2010 |url-status=live  }}</ref>
@@ Line 123: / Line 123: @@
 Lucknow, along with [[Agra]] and [[Varanasi]], is in the [[Uttar Pradesh Heritage Arc]], a chain of survey triangulations created by the [[Government of Uttar Pradesh]] to boost tourism in the state.
-== Etymology ==
+==Etymology==
 "Lucknow" is the [[Anglicisation of names|anglicised]] spelling of the local pronunciation "Lakhnau". According to one legend, the city is named after [[Lakshmana]], a hero of the Hindu epic ''[[Ramayana]]''. The legend states that Lakshmana had a palace or an estate in the area, which was called  ''Lakshmanapuri'' ([[Sanskrit]]: लक्ष्मणपुरी, lit. ''Lakshmana's city''). The settlement came to be known as Lakhanpur (or Lachhmanpur) by the 11th century, and later, Lucknow.<ref name="Veena2014">{{cite book |author=Veena Talwar Oldenburg |title=The Making of Colonial Lucknow, 1856–1877 |url={{GBurl|id=6tP_AwAAQBAJ|p=6}} |date=14 July 2014 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-1-4008-5630-5 |page=6 }}</ref><ref name="PNas1993">{{cite book |author=P. Nas |title=Urban Symbolism |url={{GBurl|id=R7-xvYmg3HcC|p=329}} |year=1993 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=90-04-09855-0 |page=329 }}</ref>
 A similar theory states that the city was known as ''Lakshmanavati'' ({{lang-sa| लक्ष्मणवती}}, fortunate) after Lakshmana. The name changed to ''Lakhanavati'', then Lakhnauti and finally Lakhnau.<ref name="Philip2006">{{cite book |author=Philip Lutgendorf Professor of Hindi and Modern Indian Studies University of Iowa |title=Hanuman's Tale : The Messages of a Divine Monkey: The Messages of a Divine Monkey |url={{GBurl|id=fVFC2Nx-LP8C|p=245}} |date=13 December 2006 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-804220-4 |page=245 }}</ref> Yet another theory states that the city's name is connected with [[Lakshmi]], the Hindu goddess of wealth. Over time, the name changed to Laksmanauti, Laksmnaut, Lakhsnaut, Lakhsnau and, finally, Lakhnau.<ref>{{cite book |author=Richard Stephen Charnock |title=Local Etymology: A Derivative Dictionary of Geographical Names |url=https://archive.org/details/localetymologya00chargoog |year=1859 |publisher=Houlston and Wright |page=[https://archive.org/details/localetymologya00chargoog/page/n360 167]}}</ref>
+Another theory is that Lucknow was named after a very influential architect named Lakhna Ahir, who built the fort Qila Lakhna.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Architects |first=Indian Institute of |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7YpUAAAAMAAJ&q=lakhna+ahir+ |title=Journal of the Indian Institute of Architects |date=1991 |publisher=S. Kumar |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Hasan |first=Amir |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CnFuAAAAMAAJ&q=lakhna+ahir+ |title=Palace Culture of Lucknow |date=1983 |publisher=B.R. Publishing Corporation |isbn=978-93-5050-037-8 |language=en}}</ref>
 ==History==
@@ Line 176: / Line 178: @@
 ===Climate===
-Lucknow has a [[humid subtropical climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Cwa'') with cool, dry winters from mid-November to February and dry, hot summers with sunshine from March to mid-May. More than nine-tenths of the annual rainfall occurs from June to October when the city receives an average of {{convert|827.2|mm|in|2}} from the southwest [[monsoon]] winds, although occasionally frontal rainfall from the northeast monsoon will occur in January. In winter the maximum temperature is around {{convert|25|C|F|disp=or}} and the minimum is in the {{convert|3|to|7|C|F|1}} range.<ref>{{cite news |title=Lucknow Minimum Temperature |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-12-29/lucknow/36050401_1_minimum-temperature-maximum-temperature-celsius |date=29 December 2012 |access-date=3 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130101083608/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-12-29/lucknow/36050401_1_minimum-temperature-maximum-temperature-celsius |archive-date=1 January 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]] |url-status=dead  }}</ref> Fog is quite common from mid-December to late January. Occasionally, Lucknow experiences colder winter spells than places like [[Shimla]] and [[Mussoorie]] which are situated way high up in the [[Himalayas]]. In the extraordinary winter cold spell of 2012–2013, Lucknow recorded temperatures below freezing point on two consecutive days and the minimum temperature hovered around freezing point for over a week. Summers are very hot with temperatures rising into the {{convert|40|to|45|C|F|0}} range, the average maxima being in the high 30s Celsius.
+Lucknow has a [[humid subtropical climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Cwa'') with cool, dry winters from mid-November to February and dry, hot summers with sunshine from March to mid-May. More than nine-tenths of the annual rainfall occurs from June to October when the city receives an average of {{convert|827.2|mm|in|2}} from the southwest [[monsoon]] winds, although occasionally frontal rainfall from the northeast monsoon will occur in January. In winter the maximum temperature is around {{convert|25|C|F|disp=or}} and the minimum is in the {{convert|3|to|7|C|F|1}} range.<ref>{{cite news |title=Lucknow Minimum Temperature |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-12-29/lucknow/36050401_1_minimum-temperature-maximum-temperature-celsius |date=29 December 2012 |access-date=3 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130101083608/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-12-29/lucknow/36050401_1_minimum-temperature-maximum-temperature-celsius |archive-date=1 January 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]] |url-status=dead  }}</ref> Fog is quite common from mid-December to late January. Occasionally, Lucknow experiences colder winter spells than places like [[Shimla]] and [[Mussoorie]] which are situated way high up in the [[Himalayas]]. In the extraordinary winter cold spell of 2012–2013, Lucknow recorded temperatures below freezing point on two consecutive days and the minimum temperature hovered around freezing point for over a week.{{citation needed|date=July 2023}} Summers are very hot with temperatures rising into the {{convert|40|to|45|C|F|0}} range, the average maxima being in the high 30s Celsius.
 {{Weather box
@@ Line 222: / Line 224: @@
 | Dec high C = 24.4
 | year high C = 32.0
+| Jan mean C = 15.0
+| Feb mean C = 18.5
+| Mar mean C = 23.8
+| Apr mean C = 29.5
+| May mean C = 32.2
+| Jun mean C = 32.2
+| Jul mean C = 30.1
+| Aug mean C = 29.6
+| Sep mean C = 28.8
+| Oct mean C = 26.1
+| Nov mean C = 21.2
+| Dec mean C = 16.8
+| year mean C = 25.3
 | Jan low C = 7.9
 | Feb low C = 10.7
@@ Line 331: / Line 346: @@
 | date = December 2016
 | page = M218
-| access-date = 27 April 2020}}</ref>Time and Date (dewpoints, 2005-2015)<ref>{{cite web
+| access-date = 27 April 2020}}</ref> Time and Date (dewpoints, 2005-2015)<ref>{{cite web
 |url = https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/india/lucknow/climate
 |title = Climate & Weather Averages in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
@@ Line 372: / Line 387: @@
 ==Economy==
-{{Main|Economy of Lucknow}}
 The major industries in the Lucknow urban agglomeration include aeronautics, automotive, machine tools, distillery chemicals, furniture and [[Chikan (embroidery)|Chikan embroidery]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Economical Report of Lucknow|url=http://dcmsme.gov.in/dips/DIP%20Lucknow.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150319054233/http://dcmsme.gov.in/dips/DIP%20Lucknow.pdf|archive-date=19 March 2015|access-date=27 August 2014|website=Department of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises|publisher=Government of India}}</ref> Lucknow is among the top cities of [[India]] by GDP.<ref>{{cite web|date=28 September 2012|title=The top 15 Indian cities by GDP &#124; India's top 15 cities with the highest GDP – Yahoo India Finance|url=https://in.finance.yahoo.com/photos/the-top-15-indian-cities-by-gdp-1348807591-slideshow/the-top-15-indian-cities-by-gdp-photo-1348807066.html#crsl=%252Fphotos%252Fthe-top-15-indian-cities-by-gdp-1348807591-slideshow%252Fthe-top-15-indian-cities-by-gdp-photo-1348807071.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150703081833/https://in.finance.yahoo.com/photos/the-top-15-indian-cities-by-gdp-1348807591-slideshow/the-top-15-indian-cities-by-gdp-photo-1348807066.html#crsl=%252Fphotos%252Fthe-top-15-indian-cities-by-gdp-1348807591-slideshow%252Fthe-top-15-indian-cities-by-gdp-photo-1348807071.html|archive-date=3 July 2015|access-date=29 July 2015|publisher=In.finance.yahoo.com}}</ref> It is a centre for research and development as home to the R&D centres of the National Milk Grid of the National Dairy Development Board, the Central Institute of Medical and Aromatic Plants, the National Handloom Development Corporation and U.P. Export Corporation.<ref name="Lucknow Profile">{{cite web|title=Lucknow Profile|url=http://localbodies.up.nic.in/luck/chap2.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140308061916/http://localbodies.up.nic.in/luck/chap2.pdf|archive-date=8 March 2014|access-date=27 August 2014|website=National Informatics Centre, Uttar Pradesh State Unit, Lucknow}}</ref> Lucknow is ranked sixth in a list of the ten fastest growing job-creating cities in [[India]] according to a study conducted by Assocham Placement Pattern,<ref>{{cite web|date=3 October 2010|title=The 10 fastest job-creating cities in India – Rediff.com Business|url=http://business.rediff.com/slide-show/2010/oct/01/slide-show-1-the-fastest-job-creating-cities-in-india.htm#7|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609015312/http://business.rediff.com/slide-show/2010/oct/01/slide-show-1-the-fastest-job-creating-cities-in-india.htm#7|archive-date=9 June 2011|access-date=17 February 2014|publisher=Rediff}}</ref> Lucknow's economy was formerly based on the tertiary sector and the majority of the workforce were employed as government servants. Large-scale industrial establishments are few compared to other northern Indian state capitals like [[New Delhi]]. The economy is growing with contributions from the fields of IT, manufacturing and processing and medical/biotechnology. Business-promoting institutions such as the [[Confederation of Indian Industry|CII]] have set up their service centres in the city.<ref>{{cite web|last=Singh|first=Priyanka|date=12 July 2014|title=CII Young Indians unite Lucknow residents to empower women|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/CII-Young-Indians-unite-Lucknow-residents-to-empower-women/articleshow/38268762.cms|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151026215833/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/CII-Young-Indians-unite-Lucknow-residents-to-empower-women/articleshow/38268762.cms|archive-date=26 October 2015|access-date=27 August 2014|website=The Times of India}}</ref> Major export items are marbled products, handicrafts, art pieces, gems, jewellery, textiles, electronics, software products, computers, hardware products, apparel, brass products, silk, leather goods, glass items and chemicals. Lucknow has promoted public-private partnerships in sectors such as electricity supply, roads, expressways, and educational ventures.<ref>{{cite web|title=Economy of State.|url=http://www.phdcci.in/admin/userfiles/file/Research-Bureau/Uttar-Pradesh.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121224141248/http://www.phdcci.in/admin/userfiles/file/Research-Bureau/Uttar-Pradesh.pdf|archive-date=24 December 2012|publisher=U.P economy}}</ref>
 Multiple software and IT companies are present in the city. [[Tata Consultancy Services]], [[HCL Technologies]] are present in the city. IT companies are located in [[Gomti Nagar|Gomtinagar]].<ref>{{cite web|title=TCS News & Events: Press Release : Tata Consultancy Services Expands in Lucknow; New Facility Inaugurated|url=http://www.tcs.com/news_events/press_releases/Pages/TCS-Expands-in-Lucknow.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140824054055/http://www.tcs.com/news_events/press_releases/Pages/TCS-Expands-in-Lucknow.aspx|archive-date=24 August 2014|access-date=8 August 2014|publisher=Tata Consultancy Services}}</ref> There are many local [[Open-source model|open source]] technology companies.<ref>{{cite web|author=Diksha P Gupta|title="We are where we are because of open source technology" – LINUX For You|url=http://www.linuxforu.com/2013/12/open-source-technology|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302102753/http://www.linuxforu.com/2013/12/open-source-technology/|archive-date=2 March 2014|access-date=8 August 2014|publisher=Linux For U}}</ref> The city is also home to a number of important national and state level headquarters for companies including [[Sony Corporation]] and Reliance Retail.<ref>{{cite news|date=19 April 2014|title=Govt gives approval to IT city in Lucknow on Sultanpur Road|newspaper=Times of India|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Govt-gives-approval-to-IT-city-in-Lucknow-on-Sultanpur-Road/articleshow/12724665.cms?referral=PM|url-status=live|access-date=8 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160208233238/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Govt-gives-approval-to-IT-city-in-Lucknow-on-Sultanpur-Road/articleshow/12724665.cms?referral=PM|archive-date=8 February 2016}}</ref> The handicrafts sector accounts for 60 percent of total exports from the state.<ref name="HANDICRAFTS">{{cite web|title=OFFICE OF THE DEVELOPMENT COMMISSIONER (HANDICRAFTS)|url=http://handicrafts.nic.in/advertisements/ahvy201112.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160116034435/http://handicrafts.nic.in/advertisements/ahvy201112.htm|archive-date=16 January 2016|publisher=MINISTRY OF TEXTILES}}</ref>
-Companies such as [[Hindustan Aeronautics Limited]], [[Karam (company)|KARAM]], [[Tata Marcopolo]],  [[Exide Industries]], [[Tata Motors]] set up their plants in Lucknow. Lucknow is an emerging automobile hub. Tata Motors have a plant primarily for light commercial vehicles. It was set up in 1992 and has a production capacity of 640 vehicles per day.<ref>{{cite magazine|date=13 January 2021|title=Tata Motors' Jamshedpur, Lucknow and Pantnagar plants win National Energy Conservation Award 2020|url=https://www.autocarpro.in/news-national/tata-motors%E2%80%99-jamshedpur--lucknow-and-pantnagar-plants-win-national-energy-conservation-award-2020-78222|access-date=4 April 2021|magazine=Autocar}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Nair|first1=Geeta|date=15 December 2020|title=Tata Motors' VRS may not interest workers at Pune plant|work=The Financial Express|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/tata-motors-vrs-may-not-interest-workers-at-pune-plant/2150094/|access-date=4 April 2021}}</ref> Additionally there is a plant of [[Tata Marcopolo]] in the city.
+Companies such as [[Hindustan Aeronautics Limited]], KARAM, [[Tata Marcopolo]],  [[Exide Industries]], [[Tata Motors]] set up their plants in Lucknow. Lucknow is an emerging automobile hub. Tata Motors have a plant primarily for light commercial vehicles. It was set up in 1992 and has a production capacity of 640 vehicles per day.<ref>{{cite magazine|date=13 January 2021|title=Tata Motors' Jamshedpur, Lucknow and Pantnagar plants win National Energy Conservation Award 2020|url=https://www.autocarpro.in/news-national/tata-motors%E2%80%99-jamshedpur--lucknow-and-pantnagar-plants-win-national-energy-conservation-award-2020-78222|access-date=4 April 2021|magazine=Autocar}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Nair|first1=Geeta|date=15 December 2020|title=Tata Motors' VRS may not interest workers at Pune plant|work=The Financial Express|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/tata-motors-vrs-may-not-interest-workers-at-pune-plant/2150094/|access-date=4 April 2021}}</ref> Additionally there is a plant of [[Tata Marcopolo]] in the city.
 To promote the textile industry in the city, the [[Government of India|Indian government]] has allocated Rs. 2&nbsp;billion (2000&nbsp;million rupees) to set up a textile [[business cluster]] in the city.<ref>{{cite news|author=PTI|date=10 July 2014|title=Budget 2014: Rs 200 crore allocated to set up six textiles clusters|newspaper=Economic Times|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-07-10/news/51301061_1_textile-sector-textile-industry-export-earnings|url-status=live|access-date=8 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812205539/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-07-10/news/51301061_1_textile-sector-textile-industry-export-earnings|archive-date=12 August 2014}}</ref>  A sprawling {{convert|100|acre|ha km2 acre|order=out}} IT city costing 15&nbsp;billion Rupees is planned by the state government at the Chak Ganjaria farms site on the road to [[Sultanpur, Uttar Pradesh|Sultanpur]] and they have already approved [[special economic zone]] status for the project, which is expected to create thousands of job opportunities in the state.<ref>{{cite web|date=29 October 2013|title=IT City Lucknow|url=http://upgov.nic.in/upinfo/uplc-itcity/IT-City-Lucknow-Schedules-Vol-III-29.10.13.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140226154730/http://upgov.nic.in/upinfo/uplc-itcity/IT-City-Lucknow-Schedules-Vol-III-29.10.13.pdf|archive-date=26 February 2014|access-date=27 August 2014|publisher=UP Government|page=18}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=8 June 2013|title=Chak Gajaria farm land use changed|newspaper=Times of India|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Chak-Gajaria-farm-land-use-changed/articleshow/20485757.cms?referral=PM|url-status=live|access-date=8 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160208233238/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Chak-Gajaria-farm-land-use-changed/articleshow/20485757.cms?referral=PM|archive-date=8 February 2016}}</ref> A defense industrial corridor is also coming in the city.<ref>{{cite web|date=24 August 2021|title=BrahMos Aerospace proposes facility in Lucknow for next-gen missile project|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/lucknow-news/brahmos-aerospace-proposes-facility-in-lucknow-for-next-gen-missile-project-101629825664326.html|access-date=28 August 2021|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>
+Traditionally, Lucknow has been a ''mandi'' town for mangoes, melons, and grains grown in the surrounding areas.{{cn|date=September 2023}} [[Sugarcane]]-growing plantations and sugar industries are also in close proximity. This attracted Edward Dyer to set up a unit based on [[molasses]] in the city. Dyer Breweries was incorporated in 1855 and was Asia's first commercial brewery. The company name was changed to [[Mohan Meakin Brewery]] in 1967 (the word "Breweries" was dropped in the eighties as the company diversified into other industries).<ref>{{cite news|author=Roger Protz |url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2007/mar/28/foodanddrink.travelnews |title=Cheers! &#124; Life and style |work=The Guardian |location=London |date= 28 March 2007|accessdate=26 March 2010 }}</ref>
+* Lucknow is famous for its small scale industries that are based on unique styles of embroidery, namely, [[chikan (embroidery)|Chikan]] and ''Lakhnawi [[Zardozi]]'', both of which are significant foreign exchange earners. Chikan has caught the fancy of fashion designers in [[Bollywood]] and abroad.{{citation needed|date=April 2012}} It is very popular in Indian markets and have very high demand.
+* During the period of the Nawabs, [[Fighter kite|kite]]-making reached a high level of artistry,<ref>
+{{cite web
+|url=http://lucknow.nic.in/crafts.htm
+|title=Lucknow crafts
+|accessdate=23 October 2006
+|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20060111072542/http://lucknow.nic.in/crafts.htm |archivedate = 11 January 2006}}</ref> and is still a small-scale industry.
+The Ministry of Communications and Information Technology set up [[Software Technology Parks of India]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://lucknow.stpi.in/ |title=lucknow.stip.in |access-date=2 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120429080332/http://www.lucknow.stpi.in/ |archive-date=29 April 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> in 2001. Currently, [[biotechnology]] and information technology are the two focus areas to promote economic development in and around the city.{{citation needed|date=April 2012}} The [[Ministry of Science and Technology (India)|Ministry of Science and Technology]] is setting up a biotech park<ref>{{cite web
+|url=http://www.biotechcitylucknow.org/index1.htm
+|title=Biotech city Lucknow
+|accessdate=23 October 2006
+|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061021162905/http://www.biotechcitylucknow.org/index1.htm
+|archive-date=21 October 2006
+|url-status=dead
+}}</ref> in the city. Lucknow is also one of the selected cities for the Smart City project of [[Software Technology Parks of India|STPI]].
 ==Administration==
@@ Line 390: / Line 422: @@
 The [[Lucknow Municipal Corporation]] oversees civic activities in the city. The city's first municipal body dates from 1862 when the municipal board was established.<ref>{{cite web|last=Kumari|first=Kiran|title=Urban Sprawl: A Case Study of Lucknow City|url=http://www.ijhssi.org/papers/v4(5)/Version-2/B0452011020.pdf|access-date=20 October 2020|website=International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention}}</ref> The first Indian mayor, [[Syed Nabiullah]], was elected in 1917 after the enforcement of the UP Municipalities Act, 1916. In 1948, the Uttar Pradesh government changed the system from an electoral one to an administrator-run one and Bhairav Datt Sanwal became the administrator. In 1959, the UP Municipalities Act, 1916 was replaced with Uttar Pradesh Municipal Corporation Act, 1959 and Lucknow Municipal Corporation was established in 1960 with Raj Kumar Shrivastava becoming the mayor.<ref>{{cite web|date=24 November 2017|first=Isha |last=Jain|title=Lucknow to get its first woman mayor in 100 years|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/lucknow-to-get-its-first-woman-mayor-in-100-years/articleshow/61775473.cms|access-date=20 October 2020|work=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
-The head of the corporation is the mayor, but the executive and administration of the corporation are the responsibility of the municipal commissioner, who is an [[Government of Uttar Pradesh|Uttar Pradesh government]]-appointed [[Indian Administrative Service|Indian Administrative Services]] (IAS) officer of high seniority. The last municipal election took place in 2017 when [[Sanyukta Bhatia]] from Bharatiya Janata Party became the first female mayor of Lucknow.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Lucknow's first woman mayor, 110 corporators sworn in|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2017/dec/12/lucknows-first-woman-mayor-110-corporators-sworn-in-1725680.html|access-date=20 October 2020|work=The New Indian Express}}</ref> [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] won 57 councillor seats, [[Samajwadi Party]] won 31 seats, independent candidates won 14 seats, and [[Indian National Congress]] won 8 seats.<ref>{{Cite news|date=1 December 2017|title=Lucknow Nagar Nigam Election Results: Ward-wise List of Winning Candidates|url=https://www.india.com/news/india/lucknow-nagar-nigam-election-results-winners-list-names-of-winning-candidates-of-congress-bjp-aimim-sp-bsp-aap-2698937/|access-date=20 October 2020|work=India.com|language=en}}</ref> Ajay Kumar Dwivedi, an [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]] officer, is the present municipal commissioner since 17 August 2020.<ref>{{cite web|title=प्रशासक {{!}}मुख्यनगर अधिकारी {{!}} नगरआयुक्त|url=https://lmc.up.nic.in/pdf/NNADMINSTRATORS.pdf|access-date=20 October 2020|website=Lucknow Municipal Corporation}}</ref> The Uttar Pradesh Municipal Corporation Act, 1959 gives provisions for the establishment of ward committees, but they have not been formed yet.<ref>{{cite web|title=National Consultation on Urban Governance|url=https://www.praja.org/praja_docs/praja_downloads/National%20Consultation%20On%20Urban%20Governance-%20Key%20Finding%20From%2021%20States.pdf|access-date=20 October 2020|website=Praja Foundation}}</ref>
+The head of the corporation is the mayor, but the executive and administration of the corporation are the responsibility of the municipal commissioner, who is an [[Government of Uttar Pradesh|Uttar Pradesh government]]-appointed [[Indian Administrative Service]]s (IAS) officer of high seniority. The last municipal election took place in 2017 when [[Sanyukta Bhatia]] from Bharatiya Janata Party became the first female mayor of Lucknow.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Lucknow's first woman mayor, 110 corporators sworn in|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2017/dec/12/lucknows-first-woman-mayor-110-corporators-sworn-in-1725680.html|access-date=20 October 2020|work=The New Indian Express}}</ref> [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] won 57 councillor seats, [[Samajwadi Party]] won 31 seats, independent candidates won 14 seats, and [[Indian National Congress]] won 8 seats.<ref>{{Cite news|date=1 December 2017|title=Lucknow Nagar Nigam Election Results: Ward-wise List of Winning Candidates|url=https://www.india.com/news/india/lucknow-nagar-nigam-election-results-winners-list-names-of-winning-candidates-of-congress-bjp-aimim-sp-bsp-aap-2698937/|access-date=20 October 2020|work=India.com|language=en}}</ref> Ajay Kumar Dwivedi, an [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]] officer, is the present municipal commissioner since 17 August 2020.<ref>{{cite web|title=प्रशासक {{!}}मुख्यनगर अधिकारी {{!}} नगरआयुक्त|url=https://lmc.up.nic.in/pdf/NNADMINSTRATORS.pdf|access-date=20 October 2020|website=Lucknow Municipal Corporation}}</ref> The Uttar Pradesh Municipal Corporation Act, 1959 gives provisions for the establishment of ward committees, but they have not been formed yet.<ref>{{cite web|title=National Consultation on Urban Governance|url=https://www.praja.org/praja_docs/praja_downloads/National%20Consultation%20On%20Urban%20Governance-%20Key%20Finding%20From%2021%20States.pdf|access-date=20 October 2020|website=Praja Foundation}}</ref>
-The sources for revenue generation for Lucknow Municipal Corporation include property tax, user charges for SWM, penalties, rent from municipal properties, income from water storage, water transmission, drainage and sanitation, grants, and charges for services such as birth and death certificates.<ref>{{Cite news|date=31 March 2017|first=Priyanka|last=Singh|title=Lucknow Municipal Corporation: LMC targets Rs 22 crore surplus income |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/lmc-targets-rs-22-crore-surplus-income/articleshow/57927515.cms|access-date=2 November 2020|work=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Lucknow Municipal Corporation: Revenue Receipts|url=https://openbudgetsindia.org/dataset/lucknow-municipal-corporation-revenue-receipts|access-date=2 November 2020|website=openbudgetsindia.org|language=en}}</ref> The municipal corporation has the following administrative departments: Health Department, House Tax Department, Engineering Department, Park Department, Advertisement Department, Accounting Department, Property Department.<ref>{{cite web|title=Home|url=https://lmc.up.nic.in/|access-date=20 October 2020|website=Lucknow Municipal Corporation}}</ref> There is also an executive committee (कार्यकारिणी समिति) made up of 12 elected councillors from different political parties, who decide on policy matters of the corporation.<ref>{{Cite news|date=20 January 2018|title=LMC gets its executive committee|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/lmc-gets-its-executive-committee/articleshow/62576912.cms|access-date=20 October 2020|work=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
+The sources for revenue generation for Lucknow Municipal Corporation include property tax, user charges for SWM, penalties, rent from municipal properties, income from water storage, water transmission, drainage and sanitation, grants, and charges for services such as birth and death certificates.<ref>{{Cite news|date=31 March 2017|first=Priyanka|last=Singh|title=Lucknow Municipal Corporation: LMC targets Rs 22 crore surplus income |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/lmc-targets-rs-22-crore-surplus-income/articleshow/57927515.cms|access-date=2 November 2020|work=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Lucknow Municipal Corporation: Revenue Receipts|url=https://openbudgetsindia.org/dataset/lucknow-municipal-corporation-revenue-receipts|access-date=2 November 2020|website=openbudgetsindia.org|language=en}}</ref> There is also an executive committee (कार्यकारिणी समिति) made up of 12 elected councillors from different political parties, who decide on policy matters of the corporation.<ref>{{Cite news|date=20 January 2018|title=LMC gets its executive committee|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/lmc-gets-its-executive-committee/articleshow/62576912.cms|access-date=20 October 2020|work=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
 === Police administration ===
 {{See also|Lucknow City Police}}The Police Commissionerate System was introduced in Lucknow on 14 January 2020. The district police is headed by a Commissioner of Police (CP), who is an [[Indian Police Service|IPS]] officer of ADGP rank and is assisted by two Joint Commissioners of Police (IG rank), and five Deputy Commissioners of Police (SP rank). Lucknow is divided into five zones, each headed by a Deputy Commissioner of Police. Of the two Joint Commissioners, one looks after law and order, the other crime. The current police commissioner of Lucknow City is [[Indian Police Service|IPS]] SB Shirodkar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 August 2022 |title=Lucknow, Kanpur commissioners transferred in reshuffle of 7 IPS officers in UP |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/lucknow-news/lucknow-kanpur-commissioners-transferred-in-reshuffle-of-7-ips-officers-in-up-101659339365206.html |access-date=21 August 2022 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>
@@ Line 402: / Line 434: @@
 The Lucknow Modern Police Control Room (abbreviated as MCR) is India's biggest [[Dial 100 Service|'Dial 112' service centre]] with 300 communication officers to receive distress calls from all over the state and 200 dispatch officers to rush for police help.<ref>{{cite news |title=UP poised for nation's biggest Dial 100 service – The Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/uttar-pradesh/UP-poised-for-nations-biggest-Dial-100-service/articleshow/46993686.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160208233238/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/uttar-pradesh/UP-poised-for-nations-biggest-Dial-100-service/articleshow/46993686.cms |archive-date=8 February 2016 |access-date=25 May 2015 |website=[[The Times of India]]|date=29 April 2015 }}</ref> It is billed as the India's most hi-tech police control room.<ref>{{cite news |title=What's inside the 'country's most hi-tech police control room'? |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Whats-inside-the-countrys-most-hi-tech-police-control-room/articleshow/46068306.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150502094904/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Whats-inside-the-countrys-most-hi-tech-police-control-room/articleshow/46068306.cms |archive-date=2 May 2015 |access-date=25 May 2015 |website=The Times of India|date=30 January 2015 }}</ref> Lucknow is also the center for [[Women Power Line 1090|1090 Women Power line]], a call center based service directed at dealing with eve-teasing. An Integrated 'Dial 112' Control Room building is also there which is having the world's biggest modern Police Emergency Response System (PERS).<ref>{{cite web |title=UP CM lays foundation stone for integrated dial 100 control room |url=http://www.uniindia.com/up-cm-lays-foundation-stone-for-integrated-dial-100-control-room/states/news/313128.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160208233238/http://www.uniindia.com/up-cm-lays-foundation-stone-for-integrated-dial-100-control-room/states/news/313128.html |archive-date=8 February 2016 |access-date=29 December 2015 |website=UNI India}}</ref>
-The Lucknow Fire Brigade department is headed by the chief fire officer, who is subordinate to the district magistrate and is assisted by a deputy chief fire officer and divisional officers.
 == Judicial institutions ==
@@ Line 418: / Line 448: @@
 === Infrastructure ===
-The development of infrastructure in the city is overseen by Lucknow Development Authority (LDA), which comes under the Housing Department of [[Government of Uttar Pradesh|Uttar Pradesh government]]. The [[Divisional Commissioner]] of Lucknow acts as the ''ex-officio'' chairman of LDA, whereas a vice-chairman, a government-appointed [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS officer]], looks after the daily matters of the authority. The current vice-chairman of the Lucknow Development Authority is IAS Akshay Tripathi.<ref>{{cite web|date=19 April 2017|title=LDA gets new VC, GNoida new chairman|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/lda-gets-new-vc-gnoida-new-chairman/articleshow/58250228.cms|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170824160118/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/lda-gets-new-vc-gnoida-new-chairman/articleshow/58250228.cms|archive-date=24 August 2017|access-date=15 August 2017|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref name=":9">{{cite web|title=List of IAS officers who are Vice Chairmen of Development Authorities|url=http://niyuktionline.up.nic.in/ias/iaslist_posting.aspx?id1=MCMwIzQ0|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821130308/http://niyuktionline.up.nic.in/ias/iaslist_posting.aspx?id1=MCMwIzQ0|archive-date=21 August 2017|access-date=21 August 2017|website=Department of Appointment and Personnel, [[Government of Uttar Pradesh]]}}</ref> LDA prepared the Lucknow master plan 2031.<ref>{{cite web|title=Master Plan 2031|url=http://www.ldaonline.in/doc/LDA/welcome/homepage/DOWNLOADS/46/MasterPlan2031.pdf;jsessionid=8E7BC40ADA7BA629CCF44859148BCFBE|access-date=2 November 2020|website=Lucknow Development Authority}}</ref>
+The development of infrastructure in the city is overseen by Lucknow Development Authority (LDA), which comes under the Housing Department of [[Government of Uttar Pradesh|Uttar Pradesh government]]. The [[Divisional Commissioner]] of Lucknow acts as the ''ex-officio'' chairman of LDA, whereas a vice-chairman, a government-appointed [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS officer]], looks after the daily matters of the authority. The current vice-chairman of the Lucknow Development Authority is IAS Akshay Tripathi.<ref>{{cite web|date=19 April 2017|title=LDA gets new VC, GNoida new chairman|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/lda-gets-new-vc-gnoida-new-chairman/articleshow/58250228.cms|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170824160118/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/lda-gets-new-vc-gnoida-new-chairman/articleshow/58250228.cms|archive-date=24 August 2017|access-date=15 August 2017|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref name=":9">{{cite web|title=List of IAS officers who are Vice Chairmen of Development Authorities|url=http://niyuktionline.up.nic.in/ias/iaslist_posting.aspx?id1=MCMwIzQ0|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821130308/http://niyuktionline.up.nic.in/ias/iaslist_posting.aspx?id1=MCMwIzQ0|archive-date=21 August 2017|access-date=21 August 2017|website=Department of Appointment and Personnel, [[Government of Uttar Pradesh]]}}</ref> LDA prepared the Lucknow master plan 2031.<ref>{{cite web|title=Master Plan 2031|url=http://www.ldaonline.in/doc/LDA/welcome/homepage/DOWNLOADS/46/MasterPlan2031.pdf;jsessionid=8E7BC40ADA7BA629CCF44859148BCFBE|access-date=2 November 2020|website=Lucknow Development Authority}}{{Dead link|date=August 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
 === Politics ===
@@ Line 429: / Line 459: @@
 |-
 |[[Lucknow West (Assembly constituency)|Lucknow West]]
-|Armaan Khan
+|[[Armaan Khan (Politician)|Armaan Khan]]
 |[[Samajwadi Party]]
 |-
@@ Line 466: / Line 496: @@
 == Public utilities ==
-Madhyanchal Power Distribution Corporation Limited, also known as Madhyanchal Vidyut Vitaran Nigam is responsible for supplying electricity in Lucknow. It is under the [[Uttar Pradesh Power Corporation Limited|Uttar Pradesh Power Corporation Ltd]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Electricity {{!}} District Lucknow , Government of Uttar Pradesh {{!}} India|url=https://lucknow.nic.in/service/electricity/|access-date=2 November 2020|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Welcome to Uttar Pradesh Power Corporation Limited, Government of Uttar Pradesh, India. / About UPPCL / Agencies under the Administrative Control|url=https://www.upenergy.in/uppcl/en/page/agencies-under-the-administrative-control|access-date=2 November 2020|website=www.upenergy.in}}</ref> Fire safety services are provided by the Uttar Pradesh Fire Service, which is under the [[Government of Uttar Pradesh|state government.]]<ref>{{cite web|title=About Us|url=http://upfireservice.gov.in/upfire/|access-date=2 October 2020|website=Uttar Pradesh Fire Service}}</ref> Jal Nigam is responsible for developing and maintaining the infrastructure for water supply, sewer lines, and storm water drains.<ref>{{cite web|title=About Jal Nigam|url=http://jn.upsdc.gov.in/page/en/about-jal-nigam,-uttar-pradesh|access-date=2 November 2020|website=Uttar Pradesh Jal Nigam}}</ref> Jal Sansthan is responsible for supplying water and providing water and sewer connections.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lucknow Jal Sansthan|url=https://jklmc.gov.in/AboutUs.aspx|access-date=2 November 2020|website=jklmc.gov.in}}</ref> Lucknow Municipal Corporation is responsible for the solid waste management of Lucknow.<ref>{{cite web|date=11 April 2017|title=Waste management in a mess, Lucknow growing by heaps and bounds!|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/lucknow/waste-management-in-a-mess-lucknow-growing-by-heaps-and-bounds/story-WyYbOYTmaOVpAJz0Hd4FjN.html|access-date=2 November 2020|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>
+Madhyanchal Power Distribution Corporation Limited, also known as Madhyanchal Vidyut Vitaran Nigam is responsible for supplying electricity in Lucknow. It is under the [[Uttar Pradesh Power Corporation Limited|Uttar Pradesh Power Corporation Ltd]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Electricity {{!}} District Lucknow , Government of Uttar Pradesh {{!}} India|url=https://lucknow.nic.in/service/electricity/|access-date=2 November 2020|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Welcome to Uttar Pradesh Power Corporation Limited, Government of Uttar Pradesh, India. / About UPPCL / Agencies under the Administrative Control|url=https://www.upenergy.in/uppcl/en/page/agencies-under-the-administrative-control|access-date=2 November 2020|website=www.upenergy.in|archive-date=24 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024112846/https://www.upenergy.in/uppcl/en/page/agencies-under-the-administrative-control|url-status=dead}}</ref> Fire safety services are provided by the Uttar Pradesh Fire Service, which is under the [[Government of Uttar Pradesh|state government.]]<ref>{{cite web|title=About Us|url=http://upfireservice.gov.in/upfire/|access-date=2 October 2020|website=Uttar Pradesh Fire Service|archive-date=19 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919045427/http://upfireservice.gov.in/upfire/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Jal Nigam is responsible for developing and maintaining the infrastructure for water supply, sewer lines, and storm water drains.<ref>{{cite web|title=About Jal Nigam|url=http://jn.upsdc.gov.in/page/en/about-jal-nigam,-uttar-pradesh|access-date=2 November 2020|website=Uttar Pradesh Jal Nigam|archive-date=25 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025163004/http://jn.upsdc.gov.in/page/en/about-jal-nigam,-uttar-pradesh|url-status=dead}}</ref> Jal Sansthan is responsible for supplying water and providing water and sewer connections.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lucknow Jal Sansthan|url=https://jklmc.gov.in/AboutUs.aspx|access-date=2 November 2020|website=jklmc.gov.in}}</ref> Lucknow Municipal Corporation is responsible for the solid waste management of Lucknow.<ref>{{cite web|date=11 April 2017|title=Waste management in a mess, Lucknow growing by heaps and bounds!|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/lucknow/waste-management-in-a-mess-lucknow-growing-by-heaps-and-bounds/story-WyYbOYTmaOVpAJz0Hd4FjN.html|access-date=2 November 2020|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>
 ==Transport==
@@ Line 488: / Line 518: @@
 ====Inter-state buses====
 {{See also|Kanpur Lucknow Roadways Service||Lucknow Upnagariya Parivahan Sewa}}
 The major [[B. R. Ambedkar|Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar]] Inter-state Bus Terminal (ISBT) in [[Alambagh]] provides the main inter and intrastate bus lines in Lucknow. Located on [[National Highway 25 (India)|National Highway 25]], it provides adequate services to ongoing and incoming customers. There is a smaller bus station at [[Qaiserbagh]]. The bus terminal formally operated at [[Charbagh]], in front of the [[Lucknow Charbagh railway station|main railway station]], has now been re-established as a city bus depot. This decision was taken by the state government and UPSRTC to decongest traffic in the railway station area. [[Kanpur Lucknow Roadways Service]] is a key service for daily commuters who travel back and forth to the city for business and educational purposes. Air conditioned "Royal Cruiser" buses manufactured by Volvo are operated by UPSRTC for inter state bus services. Main cities served by the UPSRTC intrastate bus service are [[Allahabad]], [[Varanasi]], [[Jaipur]], [[Jhansi]], [[Agra]], [[Delhi]], [[Gorakhpur]]. The cities outside Uttar Pradesh that are covered by inter-state bus services are [[Jaipur]], [[New Delhi]], [[Kota, Rajasthan|Kota]], [[Singrauli]], [[Faridabad]], [[Gurgaon]], [[Dausa]], [[Ajmer]], [[Dehradun]], and [[Haridwar]].<ref>{{cite web|url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Inter-state-bus-terminal-opened/articleshow/26300849.cms|title = Inter State Bus Terminal opened|access-date = 27 August 2014|work = The Times of India|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151025220425/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Inter-state-bus-terminal-opened/articleshow/26300849.cms|archive-date = 25 October 2015|url-status = live|df = dmy-all}}</ref>
@@ Line 498: / Line 524: @@
 [[File:Charbagh Railway Station, Lucknow.jpg|thumb|left|[[Lucknow Charbagh railway station]]]]
 [[File:Lucknow Junction.jpg|thumb|left|[[Lucknow Junction railway station]]]]
 Lucknow is served by several railway stations in different parts of the city. The main long-distance railway station is [[Lucknow Charbagh railway station|Lucknow Railway Station]] located at Charbagh. It has an imposing structure built in 1923 and acts as the divisional headquarters of the [[Northern Railway zone|Northern Railway]] division. Its neighbouring and second major long-distance railway station is [[Lucknow Junction railway station]] operated by the [[North Eastern Railway zone|North Eastern Railway]]. The city is an important junction with links to all major cities of the state and country such as [[New Delhi]], [[Mumbai]], [[Hyderabad]], [[Kolkata]], [[Chandigarh]], [[Nashik]], [[Amritsar]], [[Jammu]], [[Chennai]], [[Bangalore]], [[Ahmedabad]], [[Pune]], [[Indore]], [[Bhopal]], [[Jhansi]], [[Jabalpur]], [[Jaipur]], [[Raipur]] and [[Siwan, Bihar|Siwan]]. The city has a total of fourteen railway stations.<ref>[[Lucknow Charbagh railway station#Railway stations in Lucknow]]</ref> Earlier the meter-gauge services originated at Aishbagh and connected to Lucknow city, Daliganj and Mohibullapur. Now all the stations have been converted to broad gauge. All stations lie within the city limits and are well interconnected by bus services and other public road transport. Suburban stations include Bakshi Ka Talab and Kakori. The [[Lucknow–Kanpur Suburban Railway]] was started in 1867 to cater for the needs of commuters travelling between Lucknow and Kanpur. Trains running on this service also stop at numerous stations at different locations in the city forming a suburban rail network.<ref>[[Suburban rail in India]]</ref>
@@ Line 509: / Line 534: @@
 [[Dubai]], [[Muscat, Oman|Muscat]], [[Sharjah (city)|Sharjah]], [[Riyadh]], [[Bangkok]], [[Dammam]] and [[Jeddah]].<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.world-airport-codes.com/india/lucknow-4260.html|title = Chaudhary Charan Singh International Airport|access-date = 28 August 2014|website = World Airport Codes|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140830103007/http://www.world-airport-codes.com/india/lucknow-4260.html|archive-date = 30 August 2014|url-status = live|df = dmy-all}}</ref>
-The planned expansion of the airport will allow [[Airbus A380]] jumbo jets to land at the airport. The Nagarjuna construction company (NCC) has started the construction of the new terminal at [[Lucknow Airport]] which is expected to be completed by December 2021 to meet the growing demand.<ref>{{cite news|title= Pandemic delays work on swanky Terminal 3 at CCS Airport by a year|url=https://m.timesofindia.com/city/lucknow/lucknow-pandemic-delays-work-on-swanky-terminal-3-at-ccs-airport-by-a-year/amp_articleshow/77906039.cms|date=3 September 2020}}</ref> There is also a plan for runway expansion. The airport is the [[List_of_the_busiest_airports_in_India|eleventh busiest airport in India]], the busiest in [[Uttar Pradesh]], and the second-busiest in northern India.
+The planned expansion of the airport will allow [[Airbus A380]] jumbo jets to land at the airport. The Nagarjuna construction company (NCC) has started the construction of the new terminal at [[Lucknow Airport]] which is expected to be completed by December 2021 to meet the growing demand.<ref>{{cite news|title= Pandemic delays work on swanky Terminal 3 at CCS Airport by a year|url=https://m.timesofindia.com/city/lucknow/lucknow-pandemic-delays-work-on-swanky-terminal-3-at-ccs-airport-by-a-year/amp_articleshow/77906039.cms|date=3 September 2020}}</ref> There is also a plan for runway expansion. The airport is the [[List of the busiest airports in India|eleventh busiest airport in India]], the busiest in [[Uttar Pradesh]], and the second-busiest in northern India.
 ===Metro===
@@ Line 563: / Line 588: @@
 According to the provisional report of [[2011 Census of India]], Lucknow city had a population of 2,815,601, of which 1,470,133 were men and 1,345,468 women.<ref name="Lko city census">{{cite web|title=Cities having population 100,000 and above|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf|access-date=18 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120507135928/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf|archive-date=7 May 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="census">{{cite web|title=District Census Handbook – Lucknow|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0926_PART_B_DCHB_LUCKNOW.pdf|website=Census of India|publisher=The Registrar General & Census Commissioner|access-date=7 June 2016|page=28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114013200/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0926_PART_B_DCHB_LUCKNOW.pdf|archive-date=14 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> This was an increase of 25.36% compared to the 2001 figures.
-Between 1991 and 2001, the population registered growth of 32.03%, significantly lower than the 37.14% which was registered between 1981 and 1991.<ref name="Lko district census">{{cite web|title=Lucknow district population, Census 2011|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/census/district/528-lucknow.html|access-date=18 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140416072822/http://www.census2011.co.in/census/district/528-lucknow.html|archive-date=16 April 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> The initial provisional data suggests a population density of {{convert|1815|PD/km2|PD/sqmi}} in 2011, compared to 1,443 in 2001.<ref name="Lko district census" /> As the total area covered by the Lucknow district is only about {{convert|2528|km2|mi2}}, the population density was much than the {{convert|690|PD/km2|PD/sqmi}} recorded at the state level. The [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Caste]] population of the state represented 21.3% of the total population, a figure higher than the state average of 21.15%.<ref name="caste population">{{cite web|title=Primary Census Abstract data|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=152216|publisher=Census of India|access-date=15 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924043254/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=152216|archive-date=24 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="SCHEDULED CASTES">{{cite web|title=DALITS/SCHEDULED CASTES – 2011 |url=http://www.isidelhi.org.in/hrnews/HR_THEMATIC_ISSUES/Dalits/Dalits2009.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130511075048/http://www.isidelhi.org.in/hrnews/HR_THEMATIC_ISSUES/Dalits/Dalits2009.pdf |archive-date=11 May 2013 |publisher=Human Rights Documentation |access-date=26 December 2009 |url-status=dead  }}</ref>
+Between 1991 and 2001, the population registered growth of 32.03%, significantly lower than the 37.14% which was registered between 1981 and 1991.<ref name="Lko district census">{{cite web|title=Lucknow district population, Census 2011|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/census/district/528-lucknow.html|access-date=18 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140416072822/http://www.census2011.co.in/census/district/528-lucknow.html|archive-date=16 April 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> The initial provisional data suggests a population density of {{convert|1815|PD/km2|PD/sqmi}} in 2011, compared to 1,443 in 2001.<ref name="Lko district census" /> As the total area covered by the Lucknow district is only about {{convert|2528|km2|mi2}}, the population density was much than the {{convert|690|PD/km2|PD/sqmi}} recorded at the state level. The [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Caste]] population of the state represented 21.3% of the total population, a figure higher than the state average of 21.15%.<ref name="caste population">{{cite web|title=Primary Census Abstract data|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=152216|publisher=Census of India|access-date=15 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924043254/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=152216|archive-date=24 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="SCHEDULED CASTES">{{cite web|title=DALITS/SCHEDULED CASTES – 2011 |url=http://www.isidelhi.org.in/hrnews/HR_THEMATIC_ISSUES/Dalits/Dalits2009.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130511075048/http://www.isidelhi.org.in/hrnews/HR_THEMATIC_ISSUES/Dalits/Dalits2009.pdf |archive-date=11 May 2013 |publisher=Human Rights Documentation |access-date=26 December 2009 |url-status=dead  }}</ref> [[Hindi]] is spoken by 88.16% of the population, while [[Urdu]] is spoken by 10.26%.<ref name="Lang">{{cite web |title=2011 Census of India, Population By Mother Tongue - Uttar Pradesh (Town Level) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10235/download/13347/DDW-C16-TOWN-STMT-MDDS-0900.XLSX |access-date=27 June 2022 |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>
 The sex ratio in Lucknow city stood at 915 females per 1000 males in 2011, compared to the 2001 census figure of 888. The average national sex ratio in India is 940 according to the Census 2011 Directorate.<ref name="Lko city census" /> The city has a total literacy level in 2011 of 84.72% compared to 67.68% for Uttar Pradesh as a whole.<ref name="Lko city census" /> In 2001 these same figures stood at 75.98% and 56.27%. In Lucknow city, the total literate population totalled 2,147,564 people of which 1,161,250 were male and 986,314 were female.<ref name="Lko city census" /><ref name="literacy improvement">{{cite news|title=UP improves literacy rate, child sex ratio dips: Census|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-04-02/lucknow/29374065_1_female-literacy-literacy-rate-growth-rate|access-date=2 April 2011|date=2 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130505082254/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-04-02/lucknow/29374065_1_female-literacy-literacy-rate-growth-rate|archive-date=5 May 2013|work=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=dead}}</ref> Despite the fact that the overall work-participation rate in the district (32.24%) is higher than the state average (23.7%), the rate among females in Lucknow is very low at only 5.6% and shows a decline from the 1991 figure of 5.9%.<ref name="city literacy">{{cite news|title=Upsurge in state literacy|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2001-08-21/lucknow/27248494_1_literacy-rate-basic-education-primary-schools|access-date=21 August 2001|date=21 August 2001|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130505085303/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2001-08-21/lucknow/27248494_1_literacy-rate-basic-education-primary-schools|archive-date=5 May 2013|work=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?284526 |title=Riding His Lucknow &#124; Sharat Pradhan |magazine=Outlook India |access-date=27 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131227072926/http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?284526 |archive-date=27 December 2013 |url-status=dead  }}</ref>
@@ Line 571: / Line 596: @@
 [[File:Lucknow Skyline From Gomti Nagar.jpg|thumb|left|{{center|Skyline of Lucknow as seen from Gomti Nagar}}]]
-Lucknow's buildings show different styles of architecture with the many iconic buildings built during the British and Mughal era. More than half of these buildings lie in the old part of the city. The Uttar Pradesh Tourism Department organises a "Heritage Walk" for tourists covering the popular monuments.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.up-tourism.com/heritage_lucknow.htm |title=Uttar Pradesh Tourism, Official Website of Government of Uttar Pradesh, India |publisher=UP Tourism |access-date=4 August 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140620060925/http://www.up-tourism.com/heritage_lucknow.htm |archive-date=20 June 2014 }}</ref> Among the extant architecture, there are religious buildings such as [[Hussainia|Imambara]]s, mosques, and other [[Islam]]ic shrines as well as secular structures such as enclosed gardens, ''[[baradari (building)|baradaris]]'', and palace complexes.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.lucknow.com/architecture3.html|title = Architecture of Lucknow|access-date = 27 August 2014|website = Lucknow|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304031637/http://www.lucknow.com/architecture3.html|archive-date = 4 March 2016|url-status = live|df = dmy-all}}</ref>
+Lucknow's buildings show different styles of architecture with the many iconic buildings built during the British and Mughal era. More than half of these buildings lie in the old part of the city. The Uttar Pradesh Tourism Department organises a "Heritage Walk" for tourists covering the popular monuments.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.up-tourism.com/heritage_lucknow.htm |title=Uttar Pradesh Tourism, Official Website of Government of Uttar Pradesh, India |publisher=UP Tourism |access-date=4 August 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140620060925/http://www.up-tourism.com/heritage_lucknow.htm |archive-date=20 June 2014 }}</ref> Among the extant architecture, there are religious buildings such as [[Hussainiya|Imambaras]], mosques, and other [[Islam]]ic shrines as well as secular structures such as enclosed gardens, ''[[baradari (building)|baradaris]]'', and palace complexes.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.lucknow.com/architecture3.html|title = Architecture of Lucknow|access-date = 27 August 2014|website = Lucknow|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304031637/http://www.lucknow.com/architecture3.html|archive-date = 4 March 2016|url-status = live|df = dmy-all}}</ref>
 [[File:Old Lucknow.jpg|thumb|Ghanta Ghar, the tallest clock tower in India]]
 [[Bara Imambara]] in Hussainabad is a colossal edifice built in 1784 by the then Nawab of Lucknow, [[Asaf-ud-Daula]]. It was originally built to provide assistance to people affected by the deadly famine, which struck the whole of Uttar Pradesh in the same year.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.timesofindiatravel.com/lucknow.html|title = Times of India-Lucknow|access-date = 13 August 2014|website = Lucknow Travel|publisher = Times of India Travel|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140902002802/http://www.timesofindiatravel.com/lucknow.html|archive-date = 2 September 2014|url-status = dead|df = dmy-all}}</ref> It is the largest hall in Asia without any external support from wood, iron or stone beams.<ref>{{cite web|url =http://www.iloveindia.com/indian-monuments/bada-imambara.html|title =Bada Imambara|access-date =27 August 2014|website =Indian Monuments|archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20140803184536/http://www.iloveindia.com/indian-monuments/bada-imambara.html|archive-date =3 August 2014|url-status =live|df =dmy-all}}</ref> The monument required approximately 22,000 labourers during construction.<ref>{{Cite book|title = Rulers, Townsmen and Bazaars: North Indian Society in the Age of British Expansion, 1770–1870|last = Bayly|first = C. A.|publisher = Cambridge University Press |isbn = 0-521-31054-7|page = 135|date =1988}}</ref>
@@ Line 593: / Line 618: @@
 [[File:Brijesh Pathak, Minister of Law & Justice and Additional Energy Resources in Uttar Pradesh, inaugurating the bada mangal festivities at UPNEDA office in Vibhuti Khand (May 2017).jpg|thumb|Brijesh Pathak, Minister of Law & Justice and Additional Energy Resources in Uttar Pradesh, inaugurating the bada mangal festivities at UPNEDA office in Vibhuti Khand (May 2017)]]
 [[File:Free food being distributed on a Bada Mangal (May 2017).jpg|thumb|Free food being distributed on a Bada Mangal (May 2017). Bada Mangal is a ritual specific only to Lucknow.]]
-In common with other metropolitan cities across India, Lucknow is multicultural and multilingual.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Rain-brings-relief-to-Lucknowites/articleshow/38339591.cms |title=Rain brings relief to Lucknowites|newspaper=The Times of India |date=14 July 2014 |access-date=8 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150815213808/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Rain-brings-relief-to-Lucknowites/articleshow/38339591.cms |archive-date=15 August 2015 |url-status=live  }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/Narendra-Modis-messages-to-Lucknowites/articleshow/34305188.cms |title=Narendra Modi's messages to Lucknowites|newspaper=The Times of India |date=28 April 2014 |access-date=4 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150816013914/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/Narendra-Modis-messages-to-Lucknowites/articleshow/34305188.cms |archive-date=16 August 2015 |url-status=live  }}</ref> Many of the cultural traits and customs peculiar to Lucknow have become living legends today. The city's contemporary culture is the result of the amalgamation of the Hindu and Muslim rulers who ruled the city simultaneously. The credit for this goes to the secular and syncretic traditions of the [[Nawab]]s of Awadh, who took a keen interest in every walk of life and encouraged these traditions to attain a rare degree of sophistication. Modern-day Lucknowites are known for their polite and polished way of speaking which is noticed by visitors. The residents of Lucknow call themselves ''Lucknowites'' or ''Lakhnavi''.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Rain-brings-relief-to-Lucknowites/articleshow/38339591.cms|title = Rain brings relief to Lucknowites|date = 14 July 2014|access-date = 28 July 2014|website = The Times of India|publisher = Times News Network|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150815213808/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Rain-brings-relief-to-Lucknowites/articleshow/38339591.cms|archive-date = 15 August 2015|url-status = live|df = dmy-all}}</ref> It also represents the melting pot of globalisation where the legacy of Nawab's culture continues to be reflected in the traditional vocabulary of the Hindi language of the city along with better avenues for modernisation present here.
+In common with other metropolitan cities across India, Lucknow is multicultural and multilingual.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Rain-brings-relief-to-Lucknowites/articleshow/38339591.cms |title=Rain brings relief to Lucknowites|newspaper=The Times of India |date=14 July 2014 |access-date=8 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150815213808/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Rain-brings-relief-to-Lucknowites/articleshow/38339591.cms |archive-date=15 August 2015 |url-status=live  }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/Narendra-Modis-messages-to-Lucknowites/articleshow/34305188.cms |title=Narendra Modi's messages to Lucknowites|newspaper=The Times of India |date=28 April 2014 |access-date=4 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150816013914/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/Narendra-Modis-messages-to-Lucknowites/articleshow/34305188.cms |archive-date=16 August 2015 |url-status=live  }}</ref> Many of the cultural traits and customs peculiar to Lucknow have become living legends today. The city's contemporary culture is the result of the amalgamation of the Hindu and Muslim rulers who ruled the city simultaneously. The credit for this goes to the secular and syncretic traditions of the [[Nawab]]s of Awadh, who took a keen interest in every walk of life and encouraged these traditions to attain a rare degree of sophistication. Modern-day Lucknowites are known for their polite and polished way of speaking which is noticed by visitors. The residents of Lucknow call themselves ''Lucknowites'' or ''Lakhnavi''.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Rain-brings-relief-to-Lucknowites/articleshow/38339591.cms|title = Rain brings relief to Lucknowites|date = 14 July 2014|access-date = 28 July 2014|website = The Times of India|publisher = Times News Network|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150815213808/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Rain-brings-relief-to-Lucknowites/articleshow/38339591.cms|archive-date = 15 August 2015|url-status = live|df = dmy-all}}</ref> It also represents the melting pot of globalisation where the legacy of Nawab's culture continues to be reflected in the traditional vocabulary of the [[Hindi language]] of the city along with better avenues for modernisation present here.{{citation needed|date=August 2023}}
 === Traditional Outfit ===
@@ Line 612: / Line 637: @@
 The Awadh region has its own distinct Nawabi-style cuisine. Since ages, the ''Bawarchis'' (chefs) and ''Rakabdars'' (royal chefs) have developed great finesse in cooking and presentation of food, under royal patronage. This gave rise to the art of cooking over a slow fire (or ''Dum'' style cooking), which has become synonymous with "Awadhi" cuisine. These ''Bawarchis'' added elaborately prepared dishes like ''kababs'', ''kormas'', ''kaliya'', ''nahari-kulchas'', ''zarda'', ''sheermal'', ''roomali rotis'' and ''warqi parathas'' to the traditional "Awadhi" ''dastarkhwaan'' (feast of dishes).<ref name="auto1">{{cite web|url=http://www.lucknow.nic.in/cuisine.htm |title=Cuisine of Lucknow |publisher=Lucknow |access-date=26 March 2010 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070819044302/http://lucknow.nic.in/cuisine.htm |archive-date = 19 August 2007}}</ref> The best-known dishes of this area consist of [[biryani]]s, [[kebab]]s and breads. Kebabs are served in a variety of styles; ''kakori'', ''galawati'', ''shami'', ''boti'', ''patili-ke'', ''ghutwa'' and ''seekh'' are among the available varieties.<ref name="auto1"/> [[Tunde ke kabab]] restaurants are popular for a type of soft kebab developed by a one-armed chef (hence the name Tunday) for a Nawab who had lost his teeth.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.indianfoodsguide.com/food-articles/indian-food-articles/history-of-the-tunday-kabab.html|title = History of the Tunday Kabab|access-date = 25 August 2014|website = indianfoodsguide|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140826114256/http://www.indianfoodsguide.com/food-articles/indian-food-articles/history-of-the-tunday-kabab.html|archive-date = 26 August 2014|url-status = dead|df = dmy-all}}</ref> The reputation of Lucknow's kebabs is not limited to the local population and the dish attracts people from other cities as well as other countries.<ref>{{cite web |author=Shubha Singh |url=http://www.thealternative.in/lifestyle/lucknow-for-the-love-of-kebabs/ |title=Lucknow for the love of Kebabs &#124; The Alternative |publisher=Thealternative |date=22 December 2012 |access-date=4 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808051723/http://www.thealternative.in/lifestyle/lucknow-for-the-love-of-kebabs/ |archive-date=8 August 2014 |url-status=live  }}</ref>
-Lucknow is also known for its [[Chaat|chaats]], street food, [[kulfi]], [[Betel nut chewing|paan]] and sweets. Nahari, a dish prepared using mutton, is popular among non-vegetarians. Sheermal is a type of sweet bread (paratha) prepared in Lucknow. Makkhan-malai is another sweet delicacy of Lucknow made and sold only during winters. Some restaurants in the city are around a century old; there are also many high-end restaurants, bakeries, lounges and pubs which cater to the affluent class and foreign travellers.
+Lucknow is also known for its [[chaat]]s, street food, [[kulfi]], [[Betel nut chewing|paan]] and sweets. Nahari, a dish prepared using mutton, is popular among non-vegetarians. Sheermal is a type of sweet bread (paratha) prepared in Lucknow. Makkhan-malai is another sweet delicacy of Lucknow made and sold only during winters. Some restaurants in the city are around a century old; there are also many high-end restaurants, bakeries, lounges and pubs which cater to the affluent class and foreign travellers.
 ===Festivals===
@@ Line 618: / Line 643: @@
 * [[Lucknow Mahotsav]]
-Lucknow Festival is organised every year to showcase Uttar Pradesh art and culture and to promote tourism.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.incredibleindia.org/experience-india/fairs-and-festivals/53-november/78-lucknow-festival-uttar-pradesh |title=Lucknow Festival |access-date=27 August 2014 |website=Incredible India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140827071805/http://www.incredibleindia.org/experience-india/fairs-and-festivals/53-november/78-lucknow-festival-uttar-pradesh |archive-date=27 August 2014 }}</ref> With 1975–76 designated South Asian Tourism Year, Lucknow took the opportunity to promote the city's art, culture and tourism to national and international tourists. The first Lucknow Festival was staged as a part of this promotion and ever since, with some exceptions, [[Lucknow Mahotsav|Lucknow Mahotsava]] has taken place annually.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.lucknowmahotsava.com/aboutmahotsav.html|title = About Mahotsava|access-date = 28 August 2014|website = Lucknow Mahotsav|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140903063923/http://www.lucknowmahotsava.com/aboutmahotsav.html|archive-date = 3 September 2014|url-status = dead|df = dmy-all}}</ref>
+Lucknow Festival is organised every year to showcase Uttar Pradesh art and culture and to promote tourism.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.incredibleindia.org/experience-india/fairs-and-festivals/53-november/78-lucknow-festival-uttar-pradesh |title=Lucknow Festival |access-date=27 August 2014 |website=Incredible India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140827071805/http://www.incredibleindia.org/experience-india/fairs-and-festivals/53-november/78-lucknow-festival-uttar-pradesh |archive-date=27 August 2014 }}</ref> With 1975–76 designated South Asian Tourism Year, Lucknow took the opportunity to promote the city's art, culture and tourism to national and international tourists. The first Lucknow Festival was staged as a part of this promotion and ever since, with some exceptions, [[Lucknow Mahotsav]]a has taken place annually.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.lucknowmahotsava.com/aboutmahotsav.html|title = About Mahotsava|access-date = 28 August 2014|website = Lucknow Mahotsav|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140903063923/http://www.lucknowmahotsava.com/aboutmahotsav.html|archive-date = 3 September 2014|url-status = dead|df = dmy-all}}</ref>
 * Lucknow Literature Festival
@@ Line 674: / Line 699: @@
 File:IET college Lucknow.jpg|[[Institute of Engineering and Technology|Institute of Engineering and Technology, Lucknow]]
 File:Iiitl3.png|[[Indian Institute of Information Technology, Lucknow]]
+File:Aktu_New_Campus_Building.jpg|[[Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University|Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow]]
 File:La Martiniere College, Lucknow - by Ahmad Faiz Mustafa.jpg|[[La Martinière College, Lucknow|La Martiniere College]]
 File:Lucknowuniversity.jpg|[[University of Lucknow]]
@@ Line 684: / Line 710: @@
 ==Media==
 Lucknow has had an influence on the [[Bollywood|Hindi film industry]] as the birthplace of poet, dialogue writer and script writer [[K. P. Saxena]], Suresh Chandra Shukla born 10 February 1954<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hindi.oneindia.in/news/lucknow/famous-poet-of-lucknow-kp-saxena-passes-away-270391.html#infinite-scroll-1|title=Famous Poet of Lucknow KP Saxena passes away|last=Mohan|first=Ajay|date=31 October 2013|publisher=One India|language=hi|access-date=4 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140303220102/http://hindi.oneindia.in/news/lucknow/famous-poet-of-lucknow-kp-saxena-passes-away-270391.html#infinite-scroll-1|archive-date=3 March 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> along with veteran Bollywood and Bengali film actor [[Pahari Sanyal]], who came from the city's well known Sanyal family.<ref>{{cite web|last=Mukhopadhyay|first=Sudhiranjan|title=Hemanta- The Early Years|url=http://faculty.ist.unomaha.edu/pdasgupta/hemanta/articles/early_years.html|publisher=University of Nebraska Ohama Faculty|access-date=8 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716210645/http://faculty.ist.unomaha.edu/pdasgupta/hemanta/articles/early_years.html|archive-date=16 July 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-10-16/lucknow/28265718_1_bengali-club-puja-venues-durga-puja|date=16 October 2010|title=Gen X losing interest in Durga Puja|access-date=8 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130505044510/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-10-16/lucknow/28265718_1_bengali-club-puja-venues-durga-puja|archive-date=5 May 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=dead}}</ref>
-Several movies have used Lucknow as their backdrop including [[Shashi Kapoor]]'s ''[[Junoon (1978 film)|Junoon]]'', Muzaffar Ali's ''[[Umrao Jaan (1981 film)|Umrao Jaan]]'' and ''[[Gaman]]'', [[Satyajit Ray]]'s ''[[Shatranj ke khiladi]]''. [[Ismail Merchant]]'s ''[[Shakespeare Wallah]]'', [[Paa (film)|PAA]] and Shailendra Pandey's ''[[JD (film)|JD]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Govind-Namdev-shoots-in-Lucknow/articleshow/46723413.cms|title=Govind Namdev shoots in Lucknow – Times of India|website=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=30 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160521050611/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Govind-Namdev-shoots-in-Lucknow/articleshow/46723413.cms|archive-date=21 May 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/1159999/Teen-Patti-wont-release-with-Paa|title = Teen Patti won't release with Paa|date = 24 September 2009|access-date = 27 August 2014|website = Bolluwood Hungama|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140903142630/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/1159999/Teen-Patti-wont-release-with-Paa|archive-date = 3 September 2014|url-status = dead|df = dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url = https://www.academia.edu/492495|title = Cultural Imperialism and Intercultural Encounter in Merchant Ivory's Shakespeare Wallah|issue = 1|pages = 149–167|access-date = 27 August 2014|journal = Asian Theatre Journal|volume = 28|publisher = Project Muse- Johns Hopkins University|last = Venning|first = Dan|s2cid = 163049623|doi = 10.1353/atj.2011.0000|year = 2011}}</ref> In the movie ''[[Gadar: Ek Prem Katha]]'' Lucknow was used to depict [[Pakistan]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.filmapia.com/published/movies/g/gadar-ek-prem-katha |title=Movie > Gadar: Ek Prem Katha &#124; Movies and Locations &#124; Filmapia – Reel Sites. Real Sights |publisher=Filmapia |date=8 June 2014 |access-date=4 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221230526/http://www.filmapia.com/published/movies/g/gadar-ek-prem-katha |archive-date=21 February 2014 |url-status=live  }}</ref> with locations including Lal Pul, the Taj Hotel and the [[Rumi Darwaza]] used in ''[[Tanu Weds Manu]]''.<ref>{{cite web |last=Adejonwo |first=Damilola |url=http://kanganaranautinfo.blogspot.in/2009/10/kangana-talks-about-shooting-tanu-weds.html |title=Number #1 Resource For Everything Kangana Ranaut: Kangana Talks About Shooting Tanu Weds Manu |publisher=Kangana Ranaut Info |date=26 October 2009 |access-date=4 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222215801/http://kanganaranautinfo.blogspot.in/2009/10/kangana-talks-about-shooting-tanu-weds.html |archive-date=22 February 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Some parts of ''[[Ladies vs Ricky Bahl]]'', ''[[Bullett Raja]]'',<ref>{{cite web |url=http://videos.oneindia.in/watch/77389/bullet-raja-shooting-at-lucknow.html |title=Bullet Raja shooting at Lucknow – Oneindia Videos |publisher=One India |date=27 November 2012 |access-date=4 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222041132/http://videos.oneindia.in/watch/77389/bullet-raja-shooting-at-lucknow.html |archive-date=22 February 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ''[[Ishaqzaade]]'',<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-04-07/news-interviews/31304721_1_ishaqzaade-release-preponed |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140217190107/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-04-07/news-interviews/31304721_1_ishaqzaade-release-preponed |url-status=dead |archive-date=17 February 2014 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |title=Ishaqzaade release preponed|access-date=4 August 2014}}</ref> ''[[Ya Rab]]'' and ''[[Dabangg 2]]'' were shot in Lucknow or at other sites nearby.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Dabangg-2-Salman-skips-shoot-in-Lucknow-Kanpur/articleshow/16383364.cms|title = Dabangg 2: Salman skips shoot in Lucknow, Kanpur|date = 13 September 2012|access-date = 27 August 2014|website = The Times of India|last = Jha|first = Subhash K|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151025221936/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Dabangg-2-Salman-skips-shoot-in-Lucknow-Kanpur/articleshow/16383364.cms|archive-date = 25 October 2015|url-status = live|df = dmy-all}}</ref> A major section of the Bollywood movie, [[Daawat-e-Ishq]] starring [[Aditya Roy Kapur]] and [[Parineeti Chopra]] was shot in the city<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/spotted-aditya-roy-kapoor-parineeti-in-lucknow-for-yrf-s-dawaat-e-ishq/article1-1152812.aspx |title=SPOTTED! Aditya Roy Kapoor, Parineeti in Lucknow for YRF's Dawaat-e-Ishq |newspaper=Hindustan Times |date=18 November 2013 |access-date=4 August 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140508210945/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/spotted-aditya-roy-kapoor-parineeti-in-lucknow-for-yrf-s-dawaat-e-ishq/article1-1152812.aspx |archive-date=8 May 2014 }}</ref> as was [[Baawre]], an Indian TV drama, airing on the [[Life OK]] channel. The government has announced to develop two film cities in Lucknow.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.televisionpost.com/television/baawre-bringing-alive-the-quaintness-of-lucknow/ |title='Baawre': Bringing alive the quaintness of Lucknow |work=Television Post|access-date=4 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808112631/http://www.televisionpost.com/television/baawre-bringing-alive-the-quaintness-of-lucknow/ |archive-date=8 August 2014 |url-status=dead  }}</ref> Here are some newspaper companies working and give online news services to the news readers including [[Amar Ujala]],<ref name=NSP>{{cite news|title=Hindi Newspapers|url=http://www.amarujala.com/lucknow|newspaper=[[Amar Ujala]]|access-date=2 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160602040830/http://www.amarujala.com/lucknow|archive-date=2 June 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[Dainik Jagran]], [[Hindustan Times]], [[The Times of India]]'' and ''[[Dainik Bhaskar]]''.
+Several movies have used Lucknow as their backdrop including [[Shashi Kapoor]]'s ''[[Junoon (1978 film)|Junoon]]'', Muzaffar Ali's ''[[Umrao Jaan (1981 film)|Umrao Jaan]]'' and ''[[Gaman]]'', [[Satyajit Ray]]'s ''[[Shatranj ke khiladi]]''. [[Ismail Merchant]]'s ''[[Shakespeare Wallah]]'', [[Paa (film)|PAA]] and Shailendra Pandey's ''[[JD (film)|JD]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Govind-Namdev-shoots-in-Lucknow/articleshow/46723413.cms|title=Govind Namdev shoots in Lucknow|website=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=30 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160521050611/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Govind-Namdev-shoots-in-Lucknow/articleshow/46723413.cms|archive-date=21 May 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/1159999/Teen-Patti-wont-release-with-Paa|title = Teen Patti won't release with Paa|date = 24 September 2009|access-date = 27 August 2014|website = Bolluwood Hungama|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140903142630/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/1159999/Teen-Patti-wont-release-with-Paa|archive-date = 3 September 2014|url-status = dead|df = dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url = https://www.academia.edu/492495|title = Cultural Imperialism and Intercultural Encounter in Merchant Ivory's Shakespeare Wallah|issue = 1|pages = 149–167|access-date = 27 August 2014|journal = Asian Theatre Journal|volume = 28|publisher = Project Muse- Johns Hopkins University|last = Venning|first = Dan|s2cid = 163049623|doi = 10.1353/atj.2011.0000|year = 2011}}</ref> In the movie ''[[Gadar: Ek Prem Katha]]'' Lucknow was used to depict [[Pakistan]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.filmapia.com/published/movies/g/gadar-ek-prem-katha |title=Movie > Gadar: Ek Prem Katha &#124; Movies and Locations &#124; Filmapia – Reel Sites. Real Sights |publisher=Filmapia |date=8 June 2014 |access-date=4 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221230526/http://www.filmapia.com/published/movies/g/gadar-ek-prem-katha |archive-date=21 February 2014 |url-status=live  }}</ref> with locations including Lal Pul, the Taj Hotel and the [[Rumi Darwaza]] used in ''[[Tanu Weds Manu]]''.<ref>{{cite web |last=Adejonwo |first=Damilola |url=http://kanganaranautinfo.blogspot.in/2009/10/kangana-talks-about-shooting-tanu-weds.html |title=Number #1 Resource For Everything Kangana Ranaut: Kangana Talks About Shooting Tanu Weds Manu |publisher=Kangana Ranaut Info |date=26 October 2009 |access-date=4 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222215801/http://kanganaranautinfo.blogspot.in/2009/10/kangana-talks-about-shooting-tanu-weds.html |archive-date=22 February 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Some parts of ''[[Ladies vs Ricky Bahl]]'', ''[[Bullett Raja]]'',<ref>{{cite web |url=http://videos.oneindia.in/watch/77389/bullet-raja-shooting-at-lucknow.html |title=Bullet Raja shooting at Lucknow – Oneindia Videos |publisher=One India |date=27 November 2012 |access-date=4 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222041132/http://videos.oneindia.in/watch/77389/bullet-raja-shooting-at-lucknow.html |archive-date=22 February 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ''[[Ishaqzaade]]'',<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-04-07/news-interviews/31304721_1_ishaqzaade-release-preponed |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140217190107/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-04-07/news-interviews/31304721_1_ishaqzaade-release-preponed |url-status=dead |archive-date=17 February 2014 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |title=Ishaqzaade release preponed|access-date=4 August 2014}}</ref> ''[[Ya Rab]]'' and ''[[Dabangg 2]]'' were shot in Lucknow or at other sites nearby.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Dabangg-2-Salman-skips-shoot-in-Lucknow-Kanpur/articleshow/16383364.cms|title = Dabangg 2: Salman skips shoot in Lucknow, Kanpur|date = 13 September 2012|access-date = 27 August 2014|website = The Times of India|last = Jha|first = Subhash K|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151025221936/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Dabangg-2-Salman-skips-shoot-in-Lucknow-Kanpur/articleshow/16383364.cms|archive-date = 25 October 2015|url-status = live|df = dmy-all}}</ref> A major section of the Bollywood movie, [[Daawat-e-Ishq]] starring [[Aditya Roy Kapur]] and [[Parineeti Chopra]] was shot in the city<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/spotted-aditya-roy-kapoor-parineeti-in-lucknow-for-yrf-s-dawaat-e-ishq/article1-1152812.aspx |title=SPOTTED! Aditya Roy Kapoor, Parineeti in Lucknow for YRF's Dawaat-e-Ishq |newspaper=Hindustan Times |date=18 November 2013 |access-date=4 August 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140508210945/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/spotted-aditya-roy-kapoor-parineeti-in-lucknow-for-yrf-s-dawaat-e-ishq/article1-1152812.aspx |archive-date=8 May 2014 }}</ref> as was [[Baawre]], an Indian TV drama, airing on the [[Life OK]] channel. The government has announced to develop two film cities in Lucknow.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.televisionpost.com/television/baawre-bringing-alive-the-quaintness-of-lucknow/ |title='Baawre': Bringing alive the quaintness of Lucknow |work=Television Post|access-date=4 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808112631/http://www.televisionpost.com/television/baawre-bringing-alive-the-quaintness-of-lucknow/ |archive-date=8 August 2014 |url-status=dead  }}</ref>
-[[The Pioneer (newspaper)|''The Pioneer'']] newspaper, headquartered in Lucknow and started in 1865, is the second-oldest English-language newspaper in India still in production.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/lucknow|title = Lucknow Edition|access-date = 27 August 2014|website = Daily Pioneer|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140916182750/http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/lucknow|archive-date = 16 September 2014|url-status = live|df = dmy-all}}</ref> The country's first prime minister [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] founded [[The National Herald (India)|''The National Herald'']] in the city prior to World War II with [[Manikonda Chalapathi Rau]] as its editor.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.livemint.com/Politics/VT35XNMTv1luHOdj72kmuO/Tracing-the-journey-of-National-Herald.html|title = Tracing the journey of the 'National Herald'|date = 14 November 2012|access-date = 27 August 2014|website = LiveMint and Wall Street Journal|last = Bansal|first = Shuchi|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140903124958/http://www.livemint.com/Politics/VT35XNMTv1luHOdj72kmuO/Tracing-the-journey-of-National-Herald.html|archive-date = 3 September 2014|url-status = live|df = dmy-all}}</ref>
+The news channel ''[[Bharat Samachar]]'' is headquartered in Lucknow. Newspaper services in the city include [[Amar Ujala]],<ref name=NSP>{{cite news|title=Hindi Newspapers|url=http://www.amarujala.com/lucknow|newspaper=[[Amar Ujala]]|access-date=2 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160602040830/http://www.amarujala.com/lucknow|archive-date=2 June 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[Dainik Jagran]], [[Hindustan Times]], [[The Times of India]]'' and ''[[Dainik Bhaskar]]''.
+''[[The Pioneer (newspaper)|The Pioneer]]'' newspaper, headquartered in Lucknow and started in 1865, is the second-oldest English-language newspaper in India still in production.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/lucknow|title = Lucknow Edition|access-date = 27 August 2014|website = Daily Pioneer|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140916182750/http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/lucknow|archive-date = 16 September 2014|url-status = live|df = dmy-all}}</ref> The country's first prime minister [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] founded [[The National Herald (India)|''The National Herald'']] in the city prior to World War II with [[Manikonda Chalapathi Rau]] as its editor.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.livemint.com/Politics/VT35XNMTv1luHOdj72kmuO/Tracing-the-journey-of-National-Herald.html|title = Tracing the journey of the 'National Herald'|date = 14 November 2012|access-date = 27 August 2014|website = LiveMint and Wall Street Journal|last = Bansal|first = Shuchi|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140903124958/http://www.livemint.com/Politics/VT35XNMTv1luHOdj72kmuO/Tracing-the-journey-of-National-Herald.html|archive-date = 3 September 2014|url-status = live|df = dmy-all}}</ref>
 One of the earliest [[Akashvani (radio broadcaster)|All India Radio]] stations has been operational in Lucknow since 1938.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://allindiaradio.gov.in/station/LUCKNOW/Pages/default.aspx|title = All India Radio Lucknow|access-date = 25 August 2014|publisher = Prasar Bharti|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140913131430/http://allindiaradio.gov.in/station/LUCKNOW/Pages/default.aspx|archive-date = 13 September 2014|url-status = live|df = dmy-all}}</ref>
-FM radio transmission started in Lucknow in 2000. The city has the following FM radio stations:<ref>{{cite web
+FM radio transmission started in Lucknow in 2000. The city has the following FM radio stations:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.asiawaves.net/india-fm-radio.htm |title=FM Radio Stations
-|url=http://www.asiawaves.net/india-fm-radio.htm
+|access-date=27 October 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061104135240/http://www.asiawaves.net/india-fm-radio.htm |archive-date=4 November 2006 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
-|title=FM Radio Stations
-|access-date=27 October 2006
-|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061104135240/http://www.asiawaves.net/india-fm-radio.htm
-|archive-date=4 November 2006
-|url-status=dead
-}}</ref>
 * [[Radio City (Indian radio station)|Radio City]] 91.1&nbsp;MHz
 * [[Red FM 93.5]]&nbsp;MHz
@@ Line 722: / Line 744: @@
 In September 2017, [[BRSABV Ekana Cricket Stadium|Ekana International Cricket Stadium]] was opened to the public as it hosted [[2017–18 Duleep Trophy]]. On 6 November 2018 [[Ekana International Cricket Stadium]] hosted its first T20 international match between [[Indian national cricket team]] and [[West Indies cricket team]].
-It is the Third largest cricket stadium in India by capacity after [[Kolkata]]'s [[Eden Gardens]] and [[Ahmedabad]]'s [[Narendra Modi Stadium]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/uttar-pradesh/lucknow-lucknow-gets-first-international-stadium-set-to-host-cricket-matches-1102253.html|script-title=hi:लखनऊ को मिला देश का दूसरा 'ईडन गार्डन', अंतर्राष्ट्रीय क्रिकेट मैच की मेजबानी के लिए तैयार– News18 हिंदी|website=News18 India|access-date=28 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170907123520/https://hindi.news18.com/news/uttar-pradesh/lucknow-lucknow-gets-first-international-stadium-set-to-host-cricket-matches-1102253.html|archive-date=7 September 2017|url-status=live|date=7 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/duleep-trophy-2017-season-to-begin-at-lucknow-s-new-ekana-stadium/story-WZWXSbpNAN3NaxevilMYSO.html|title=Duleep Trophy 2017 season to begin at Lucknow's new Ekana stadium|date=31 August 2017|work=hindustantimes.com/|access-date=28 September 2017|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170928151629/http://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/duleep-trophy-2017-season-to-begin-at-lucknow-s-new-ekana-stadium/story-WZWXSbpNAN3NaxevilMYSO.html|archive-date=28 September 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> For decades Lucknow hosted the [[Sheesh Mahal Cricket Tournament]].
+It is the third largest cricket stadium in India by capacity after [[Kolkata]]'s [[Eden Gardens]] and [[Ahmedabad]]'s [[Narendra Modi Stadium]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/uttar-pradesh/lucknow-lucknow-gets-first-international-stadium-set-to-host-cricket-matches-1102253.html|script-title=hi:लखनऊ को मिला देश का दूसरा 'ईडन गार्डन', अंतर्राष्ट्रीय क्रिकेट मैच की मेजबानी के लिए तैयार– News18 हिंदी|website=News18 India|access-date=28 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170907123520/https://hindi.news18.com/news/uttar-pradesh/lucknow-lucknow-gets-first-international-stadium-set-to-host-cricket-matches-1102253.html|archive-date=7 September 2017|url-status=live|date=7 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/duleep-trophy-2017-season-to-begin-at-lucknow-s-new-ekana-stadium/story-WZWXSbpNAN3NaxevilMYSO.html|title=Duleep Trophy 2017 season to begin at Lucknow's new Ekana stadium|date=31 August 2017|work=hindustantimes.com/|access-date=28 September 2017|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170928151629/http://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/duleep-trophy-2017-season-to-begin-at-lucknow-s-new-ekana-stadium/story-WZWXSbpNAN3NaxevilMYSO.html|archive-date=28 September 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> For decades Lucknow hosted the [[Sheesh Mahal Cricket Tournament]].
 Lucknow is the headquarters for the [[Badminton Association of India]]. Located in Gomti Nagar, it was formed in 1934 and has been holding national-level tournaments in India since 1936.
@@ Line 851: / Line 873: @@
 ==External links==
-{{Sister project links|Lucknow}}
-*
 * [http://lucknow.nic.in/ Official Site of Lucknow]
 * [https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CE5D71430F936A15751C0A966958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=1 The India of the Nawabs, The New York Times, Published: 25 February 1990]
@@ Line 866: / Line 887: @@
 }}
-{{Authority control}}
 <!--present-day capital of Uttar Pradesh state-->

Lucknow: Difference between revisions

Lucknow (edit)

Revision as of 16:38, 8 October 2023