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Indian Union Muslim League: Difference between revisions
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{{EngvarB|date=September 2013}} | {{EngvarB|date=September 2013}}{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}} | |||
{{Infobox Indian political party | {{Infobox Indian political party | ||
|party_name = Indian Union Muslim League | |party_name = Indian Union Muslim League | ||
|slogan = Unity is Strength | |slogan = Unity is Strength | ||
|abbreviation = I.U.M.L. | |abbreviation = I. U. M. L. (the League) | ||
|party_flag = Flag of the Indian Union Muslim League.svg | |party_flag = Flag of the Indian Union Muslim League.svg | ||
|colorcode = {{party color|Indian Union Muslim League}} | |colorcode = {{party color|Indian Union Muslim League}} | ||
| Line 16: | Line 15: | ||
* {{Start date and years ago|df=yes|p=y|1948|03|10}} (First Council) | * {{Start date and years ago|df=yes|p=y|1948|03|10}} (First Council) | ||
* {{Start date and years ago|df=yes|p=y|1951|09|01}} (Constitution) | * {{Start date and years ago|df=yes|p=y|1951|09|01}} (Constitution) | ||
|founder = [[ | |founder = [[M. Muhammad Ismail]] | ||
|headquarters = Quaid-e-Millath Manzil, No. 36, Maraikayar Lebbai Street, [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]].<ref>{{cite web|title=List of Political Parties and Election Symbols main Notification Dated 18.01.2013|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/ElectoralLaws/OrdersNotifications/ElecSym19012013_eng.pdf|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=9 May 2013|location=India|year=2013|archive-date=24 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130124034729/http://eci.gov.in/eci_main/ElectoralLaws/OrdersNotifications/ElecSym19012013_eng.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> | |headquarters = Quaid-e-Millath Manzil, No. 36, Maraikayar Lebbai Street, [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]].<ref>{{cite web|title=List of Political Parties and Election Symbols main Notification Dated 18.01.2013|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/ElectoralLaws/OrdersNotifications/ElecSym19012013_eng.pdf|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=9 May 2013|location=India|year=2013|archive-date=24 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130124034729/http://eci.gov.in/eci_main/ElectoralLaws/OrdersNotifications/ElecSym19012013_eng.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> | ||
|religion = | |religion = | ||
|eci= | |eci= | ||
|alliance = | |alliance = | ||
* [[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|United Democratic Front]] (Kerala) | * [[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|United Democratic Front]] (Kerala) | ||
* [[Secular Progressive Alliance]] (Tamil Nadu) | * [[Secular Progressive Alliance]] (Tamil Nadu) | ||
* [[ | * [[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance]] (national level) | ||
|loksabha_seats = {{Composition bar|3|543|hex={{party color|Indian Union Muslim League}}}} | |loksabha_seats = {{Composition bar|3|543|hex={{party color|Indian Union Muslim League}}}} | ||
|rajyasabha_seats = {{Composition bar|1|245|hex={{party color|Indian Union Muslim League}}}} | |rajyasabha_seats = {{Composition bar|1|245|hex={{party color|Indian Union Muslim League}}}} | ||
|ideology = [[ | |ideology = [[Communitarianism]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/indian-union-muslim-league-yogi-rahul-gandhi-wayanad-elections-2019-5669399/ | title=The importance of IUML | date=11 April 2019 }}</ref><br />[[Conservatism]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/india-news-the-leaderless-face-of-anti-caa-agitation-is-it-political-orphanhood-of-muslims/302752 | title=Leaderless Anti-CAA Protests Underscore Muslim Political Orphanhood | date=4 February 2022 }}</ref> | ||
| | |||
|publication = <small>(see below)</small> | |publication = <small>(see below)</small> | ||
*''Times of League'' | *''Times of League'' | ||
| Line 33: | Line 31: | ||
*''Manichudar'' | *''Manichudar'' | ||
|youth = [[Muslim Youth League]] (the Youth League) [http://iumyl.in/] | |youth = [[Muslim Youth League]] (the Youth League) [http://iumyl.in/] | ||
|students = [[Muslim Students Federation]] | |students = [[Muslim Students Federation (I. U. M. L.)|Muslim Students Federation (M. S. F.)]] | ||
|expacts = [[Kerala Muslim Cultural Centre]] (K M C C) | |expacts = [[Kerala Muslim Cultural Centre]] (K. M. C. C.) | ||
|women = Indian Union Women's League | |women = Indian Union Women's League | ||
|labour = [[Swatantra Thozhilali Union]] ( | |labour = [[Swatantra Thozhilali Union]] (S. T. U.) | ||
|peasants = Swathanthra Karshaka Sangam (Kerala) | |peasants = Swathanthra Karshaka Sangam (Kerala) | ||
|website = | |website = | ||
| Line 42: | Line 40: | ||
| state_seats_name = [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]] | | state_seats_name = [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]] | ||
|state_seats = {{Composition bar|15|140|hex={{party color|Indian Union Muslim League}}}} | |state_seats = {{Composition bar|15|140|hex={{party color|Indian Union Muslim League}}}} | ||
}} | |Political position=[[Centre-right]]<ref>{{cite web|title=A coloured scheme of things|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/india-news-a-coloured-scheme-of-things/301479|url-status=live}}</ref>|party_logo=Indian Union Muslim Leage logo.jpg}} | ||
The | The '''Indian Union Muslim League''' (abbreviated as the '''I. U. M. L.''' or '''the League''') is an Indian political party primarily based in the [[List of state and union territory capitals in India|Indian state]] of [[Kerala]]. It is recognised as a [[List of political parties in India|State Party]] in Kerala by the [[Election Commission of India]].<ref name="ECI23092021">{{cite web|date=31 December 2021|title=List of Political Parties & Symbol MAIN Notification|url=https://eci.gov.in/files/file/13711-list-of-political-parties-symbol-main-notification-dated23092021/|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref> | ||
After the [[Partition of India]], the first Council of the Indian segment of the [[All-India Muslim League]] was held on 10 March 1948 at the south Indian city of Madras (now [[Chennai]]).<ref name=":42">Wright, T. (1966). The Muslim League in South India since Independence: A Study in Minority Group Political Strategies. ''The American Political Science Review,'' ''60''(3), 579-599. {{JSTOR|1952972}}</ref> The party renamed itself as the 'Indian Union Muslim League' and adopted a new constitution on 1 September 1951.<ref name=":42" /> | |||
I.U.M.L. is a major member of the opposition [[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|United Democratic Front]], the [[Indian National Congress]]-led pre-poll state level alliance in Kerala.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |date=2019-04-06 |title=Explained: History of Muslim League in Kerala and India |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-the-history-of-muslim-league-in-kerala-and-india-5660839/ |access-date=2019-08-04 |website=The Indian Express |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref name=":52">James Chiriyankandath (1996) Changing Muslim politics in Kerala: identity, interests and political strategies, ''Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs'', 16:2, 257-271.</ref> Whenever the [[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|United Democratic Front]] rules in Kerala, the party leaders are chosen as important Cabinet Ministers. The party has always had a constant, albeit small, presence in the Indian Parliament.<ref name=":12" /> The party is a part of the [[United Progressive Alliance]] in national level.<ref name=":12" /> The League first gained a ministry (Minister of State for External Affairs) in [[Indian Government]] in 2004.<ref name=":62">{{Cite web |last=Press Trust of India |date=2004-06-19 |title=E. Ahamed: Minister of State for External Affairs |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/e-ahamed-minister-of-state-for-external-affairs/story-iGMKx2dOdWfDPocowq9ltI.html |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200607160300/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/e-ahamed-minister-of-state-for-external-affairs/story-iGMKx2dOdWfDPocowq9ltI.html|archive-date= 7 June 2020|access-date=2020-06-07 |website=Hindustan Times |publication-place=}}</ref> | |||
The party currently has | The party currently has four members in Parliament - [[E. T. Mohammed Basheer]], [[M. P. Abdussamad Samadani]] and [[Navaskani|K. Navas Kani]] in the [[Lok Sabha]] and [[P. V. Abdul Wahab]] in the [[Rajya Sabha]] - and fifteen members in [[Kerala Legislative Assembly|Kerala State Legislative Assembly]]. | ||
==History== | ==History == | ||
After the partition of India in 1947, the [[All-India Muslim League]] was virtually disbanded. It was succeeded by the Indian segment of the Muslim League in the new Dominion of India (first session on 10 March 1948 and constitution passed on 1 September 1951).<ref name=":1" /> [[ | [[File:Muhammad Ismail 1996 stamp of India.jpg|thumb| [[M. Muhammad Ismail|Muhammad Ismail Sahib]] on a 1996 stamp of India]] | ||
[[File:Panakkad_Shihab_Thangal_2010_stamp_of_India.jpg|thumb|A postage stamp released in commemoration of [[Syed Muhammedali Shihab Thangal|Mohammed Ali Shihab Thangal]] (1936-2009). |256x256px]] | |||
After the partition of India in 1947, the [[All-India Muslim League]] was virtually disbanded. It was succeeded by the Indian segment of the Muslim League in the new Dominion of India (first session on 10 March 1948 and constitution passed on 1 September 1951).<ref name=":1">{{cite web |date=2019-04-06 |title=Explained: History of Muslim League in Kerala and India |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-the-history-of-muslim-league-in-kerala-and-india-5660839/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412001430/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-the-history-of-muslim-league-in-kerala-and-india-5660839/ |archive-date=12 April 2020 |access-date=2019-08-04 |website=The Indian Express |language=en-IN}}</ref> [[M. Muhammad Ismail]], the then President of the Madras unit of the Muslim League was chosen as the Convener of the Indian segment of the party.<ref name=":42"/> The Travancore Muslim League (the States' Muslim League) was merged with the Malabar League in November, 1956.<ref name=":42"/> | |||
Indian Union Muslim League contests [[Elections in India|General Elections]] under the Indian Constitution.<ref name=":1" /> The party is normally represented by two members in the Indian Lower House (the [[Lok Sabha]]).<ref name=":1" /> [[B. Pocker]], elected from Malappuram Constituency, was a member of the First Lower House (1952–57) from the Madras Muslim League | Indian Union Muslim League contests [[Elections in India|General Elections]] under the Indian Constitution.<ref name=":1" /> The party is normally represented by two members in the Indian Lower House (the [[Lok Sabha]]).<ref name=":1" /> [[B. Pocker]], elected from Malappuram Constituency, was a member of the First Lower House (1952–57) from the Madras Muslim League.<ref name=":1" /> The party currently has four members in Parliament. | ||
Apart from Kerala and West Bengal, the League had Legislative Assembly members in Tamil Nadu, Pondicherry, Maharastra, | Apart from Kerala and West Bengal, the League had Legislative Assembly members in Tamil Nadu, Pondicherry, Maharastra, Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh, and Assam.<ref>{{cite web|title=History of Indian Union Muslim League|url=http://indianunionmuslimleague.in/history-indian-union-muslim-league-iuml#selection-199.0-199.37|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130217225317/http://indianunionmuslimleague.in/history-indian-union-muslim-league-iuml#selection-199.0-199.37|url-status=dead|archive-date=2013-02-17|website=Indian Union Muslim League (website)}}</ref> In [[West Bengal]], the League had won Assembly seats in the 1970s, and A. K. A. Hassanussaman was a member of the [[Ajoy Mukherjee]] cabinet.<ref>{{cite web|last=Ameerudheen|first=T. A.|date=2017-05-21|title=Will the Muslim League's decision to go national affect Asaduddin Owaisi plans for his party?|url=https://scroll.in/article/832220/will-the-muslim-leagues-decision-to-go-national-affect-asaduddin-owaisi-plans-for-his-party|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612061603/https://scroll.in/article/832220/will-the-muslim-leagues-decision-to-go-national-affect-asaduddin-owaisi-plans-for-his-party|archive-date=2020-06-12|website=Scroll}}</ref> | ||
Indian Union Muslim League first gained a ministry in Kerala Government as part of the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|Communist Party of India Marxist]]-led United Front in 1967. The party switched fronts in 1969 and formed an alliance with the [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] in 1976.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|last=Menon|first=Girish|date=2016-03-22|title=How the Muslim League is at peace with itself|work=The Hindu|publication-place=Trivandrum|url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/kerala2016/kerala-assembly-polls-how-the-muslim-league-is-at-peace-with-itself/article8381995.ece|access-date=13 June 2020|archive-date=13 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200613054805/https://www.thehindu.com/elections/kerala2016/kerala-assembly-polls-how-the-muslim-league-is-at-peace-with-itself/article8381995.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=": | Indian Union Muslim League first gained a ministry in Kerala Government as part of the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|Communist Party of India Marxist]]-led United Front in 1967. The party switched fronts in 1969 and formed an alliance with the [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] in 1976.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|last=Menon|first=Girish|date=2016-03-22|title=How the Muslim League is at peace with itself|work=The Hindu|publication-place=Trivandrum|url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/kerala2016/kerala-assembly-polls-how-the-muslim-league-is-at-peace-with-itself/article8381995.ece|access-date=13 June 2020|archive-date=13 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200613054805/https://www.thehindu.com/elections/kerala2016/kerala-assembly-polls-how-the-muslim-league-is-at-peace-with-itself/article8381995.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":52"/> It later became a chief constituent in a succession of [[Indian National Congress]]-led ministries.<ref name=":52"/> | ||
=== Early years === | === Early years === | ||
*First Council of the Indian segment of the Muslim League was held on 10 March 1948 at the south Indian city of Madras (now [[Chennai]]).<ref name=": | *First Council of the Indian segment of the Muslim League was held on 10 March 1948 at the south Indian city of Madras (now [[Chennai]]).<ref name=":42"/> | ||
*On 1 September 1951 the 'Indian Union Muslim League' came into being in Madras (constitution was passed).<ref name=": | *On 1 September 1951 the 'Indian Union Muslim League' came into being in Madras (constitution was passed).<ref name=":42"/> | ||
*[[B. Pocker|B. Pocker Sahib]], elected from Malappuram Constituency, was a member of the first Lok Sabha (1952–57).<ref name=":1" /> | *[[B. Pocker|B. Pocker Sahib]], elected from Malappuram Constituency, was a member of the first Lok Sabha (1952–57).<ref name=":1" /> | ||
*[[K. M. Seethi Sahib|K. M Seethi Sahib]] served as the Speaker of the Kerala | *[[K. M. Seethi Sahib|K. M Seethi Sahib]] served as the Speaker of the Kerala Assembly from 1960 to 1961.''<ref>{{cite web|year=2007|title=SPEAKERS AND DEPUTY SPEAKERS OF KERALA LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY|url=http://niyamasabha.org/codes/Speakers%20&%20Deputy%20Speakers%20Book%20Final.pdf|website=Kerala Legislative Assembly|publisher=Secretariat of the Kerala Legislature|publication-place=Trivandrum|access-date=14 October 2021|archive-date=8 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200608071039/http://niyamasabha.org/codes/Speakers%20%26%20Deputy%20Speakers%20Book%20Final.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>'' | ||
=== From the 1960s to the 80s === | === From the 1960s to the 80s === | ||
*The League gained a ministry in [[Kerala Government]] in 1967 ([[C. H. Mohammed Koya]] and [[M. P. M. Ahammed Kurikkal]]).<ref name=": | *The League gained a ministry in [[Kerala Government]] in 1967 ([[C. H. Mohammed Koya]] and [[M. P. M. Ahammed Kurikkal]]).<ref name=":52"/> | ||
*The League oversaw the creation of the [[University of Calicut]], the second university in Kerala, in 1968.<ref name=": | *The League oversaw the creation of the [[University of Calicut]], the second university in Kerala, in 1968.<ref name=":52"/> | ||
* Contribution to local government - the League oversaw the creation of [[Malappuram District]] in 1969.<ref name=": | * Contribution to local government - the League oversaw the creation of [[Malappuram District]] in 1969.<ref name=":52"/> | ||
*Death of [[ | *Death of [[M. Muhammad Ismail]] (1972) and [[Syed Abdurrahiman Bafaki Tangal|Bafaqy Thangal]] (1973).<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal|last=Wright|date=1948-06-23|title=Muslims and the 1977 Indian Elections: A Watershed?|url=https://online.ucpress.edu/as/article/17/12/1207/21233/Muslims-and-the-1977-Indian-Elections-A-Watershed|journal=Asian Survey|language=en|volume=17|issue=12|pages=1207–1220|doi=10.2307/2643422|jstor=2643422|issn=0004-4687|access-date=13 June 2020|archive-date=13 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200613063204/https://online.ucpress.edu/as/article/17/12/1207/21233/Muslims-and-the-1977-Indian-Elections-A-Watershed|url-status=live}}</ref> Syed Ummer Bafaqy Thangal rebels against the leadership.<ref name=":9" /> | ||
=== With the Congress Party === | === With the Congress Party === | ||
| Line 88: | Line 88: | ||
*[[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] dispatched [[E. Ahamed]] to the [[United Nations]] ([[United Nations Office at Geneva|Geneva]]) to represent India (2004).<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":14" /> | *[[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] dispatched [[E. Ahamed]] to the [[United Nations]] ([[United Nations Office at Geneva|Geneva]]) to represent India (2004).<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":14" /> | ||
*Mid-2000s witnessed the Manjeri (2004) and the [[Kuttippuram (State Assembly constituency)|Kuttippuram]]-[[Mankada (State Assembly constituency)|Mankada]] (2006) defeats.<ref>{{cite web|last=Naha|first=Abdul Latheef|date=2014-03-25|title=Muslim votes not a monolithic bloc|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/muslim-votes-not-a-monolithic-bloc/article5829659.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200606110048/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/muslim-votes-not-a-monolithic-bloc/article5829659.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=2020-06-06|access-date=2020-06-06|website=The Hindu|publication-place=Malappuram}}</ref> | *Mid-2000s witnessed the Manjeri (2004) and the [[Kuttippuram (State Assembly constituency)|Kuttippuram]]-[[Mankada (State Assembly constituency)|Mankada]] (2006) defeats.<ref>{{cite web|last=Naha|first=Abdul Latheef|date=2014-03-25|title=Muslim votes not a monolithic bloc|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/muslim-votes-not-a-monolithic-bloc/article5829659.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200606110048/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/muslim-votes-not-a-monolithic-bloc/article5829659.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=2020-06-06|access-date=2020-06-06|website=The Hindu|publication-place=Malappuram}}</ref> | ||
*The League first gained a ministry ([[E. Ahamed]]) in [[Indian Government]] ([[Manmohan Singh]] Ministry) in 2004.<ref name=":6" /> | *The League first gained a ministry ([[E. Ahamed]]) in [[Indian Government]] ([[Manmohan Singh]] Ministry) in 2004.<ref name=":6">{{cite web |date=2004-06-19 |title=E. Ahamed: Minister of State for External Affairs |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/e-ahamed-minister-of-state-for-external-affairs/story-iGMKx2dOdWfDPocowq9ltI.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607160300/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/e-ahamed-minister-of-state-for-external-affairs/story-iGMKx2dOdWfDPocowq9ltI.html |archive-date=2020-06-07 |access-date=2020-06-07 |website=Hindustan Times |agency=Press Trust of India}}</ref> | ||
*Panakkad Syed [[Syed Muhammedali Shihab Thangal|Mohammed Ali Shihab Thangal]] died in 2009.<ref name=":8" /> | *Panakkad Syed [[Syed Muhammedali Shihab Thangal|Mohammed Ali Shihab Thangal]] died in 2009.<ref name=":8" /> | ||
*The League won a record 20 out of the contested 23 seats in the [[2011 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2011 Assembly Elections]]. | *The League won a record 20 out of the contested 23 seats in the [[2011 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2011 Assembly Elections]]. | ||
*The League remains in the Opposition for two consecutive terms ([[2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2016]] and [[2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2021]]) | |||
===National Presidents of Indian Union Muslim League=== | |||
{| class="sortable wikitable" | {| class="sortable wikitable" | ||
|- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;" | |- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;" | ||
! No. !! Tenure ! | ! No. | ||
! Name | |||
! Portrait | |||
! Tenure | |||
! Home State | |||
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" | |- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" | ||
| 1 || | | 1 | ||
| [[Muhammed Ismail|M. Muhammed Ismail]] | |||
| [[File:M. Muhammad Ismail (Postage Stamp, Government of India).jpg|90px]] | |||
| 10 March 1948 — 5 April 1972 | |||
| [[Tamil Nadu]] | |||
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" | |- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" | ||
| 2 | | | 2 | ||
|[[Abdurrahiman Bafaki Tangal|Bafaqy Thangal]] | |||
| | |||
| 1972 — 19 January 1973 | |||
| [[Kerala]] | |||
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" | |- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" | ||
| 3 | | 3 | ||
| [[Ebrahim Sulaiman Sait]] | |||
| | |||
| 1973—1994 | |||
| [[Karnataka]] | |||
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" | |- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" | ||
| 4 | | 4 | ||
| [[G. M. Banatwala]] | |||
| | |||
| 1994— 25 June 2008 | |||
| [[Maharashtra]] | |||
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" | |- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" | ||
| 5 | | | 5 | ||
| [[E. Ahamed]] | |||
| [[File:The portrait of the Minister of State for Railways, Shri E. Ahammed.jpg|90px]] | |||
| 25 June 2008 — 1 February 2017 | |||
| [[Kerala]] | |||
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" | |- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" | ||
| 6 || | | 6 | ||
| [[K.M. Kader Mohideen|K. M. Kader Mohideen]] | |||
| [[File:Shaik Mydeen with K. M. Kader Mohideen (cropped).jpg|90px]] | |||
| 27 February 2017 — present | |||
| [[Tamil Nadu]] | |||
|} | |} | ||
| Line 115: | Line 145: | ||
{{Blockquote | {{Blockquote | ||
| title = | | title = | ||
| quote = The [Indian Union Muslim League] party...has shown strands of identity politics, but largely remained communitarian; it has at times been conservative, but never communal. It has furthered Muslim aspirations without antagonising any other segment—and hence has retained its centrality in the larger Kerala polity | | quote = The [Indian Union Muslim League] party...has shown strands of identity politics, but largely remained communitarian; it has at times been conservative, but never communal. It has furthered Muslim aspirations without antagonising any other segment—and hence has retained its centrality in the larger Kerala polity. | ||
| source = ''Outlook'' [https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/india-news-the-leaderless-face-of-anti-caa-agitation-is-it-political-orphanhood-of-muslims/302752 | | source = ''[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]''<ref>{{cite news |author1=Salik Ahmad |title=The Leaderless Face Of Anti-CAA Agitation -- Is It Political Orphanhood Of Muslims? |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/india-news-the-leaderless-face-of-anti-caa-agitation-is-it-political-orphanhood-of-muslims/302752 |access-date=30 March 2023 |work=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]] |date=17 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200207081006/https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/india-news-the-leaderless-face-of-anti-caa-agitation-is-it-political-orphanhood-of-muslims/302752 |archive-date=7 February 2020}}</ref> | ||
}} | }} | ||
| Line 122: | Line 152: | ||
| title = | | title = | ||
| quote = The distinctive feature of the [Indian Union] Muslim League in Kerala is that it strove to keep the [Muslim] community at the centre of the [Kerala] state's politics, unlike other Muslim political formations elsewhere in India that revelled in confessional isolationism. As a result, the Kerala Muslims emerged as probably the only community of that faith in India that achieved genuine political empowerment on the one hand and, on the other, lived out the promise of equal citizenship enshrined in the [Indian] Constitution. | | quote = The distinctive feature of the [Indian Union] Muslim League in Kerala is that it strove to keep the [Muslim] community at the centre of the [Kerala] state's politics, unlike other Muslim political formations elsewhere in India that revelled in confessional isolationism. As a result, the Kerala Muslims emerged as probably the only community of that faith in India that achieved genuine political empowerment on the one hand and, on the other, lived out the promise of equal citizenship enshrined in the [Indian] Constitution. | ||
| source = ''Outlook'' [https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/malappuram-isnt-mini-kashmir/299195 | | source = ''Outlook''<ref>{{cite news |author1=Shajahan Madampat |title=Malappuram Isn’t Mini Kashmir |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/malappuram-isnt-mini-kashmir/299195 |access-date=30 March 2023 |work=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]] |date=21 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170811145245/https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/malappuram-isnt-mini-kashmir/299195 |archive-date=11 August 2017}}</ref> | ||
}} | }} | ||
| Line 128: | Line 158: | ||
| title = | | title = | ||
| quote = If organising a religious community politically on the basis of antagonism to another is communalism, the IUML has never mobilised its cadre nor used its political and often administrative clout to create religious divides. On the contrary, whenever the state faced a communally sensitive situation, the party rose to the occasion and played a stellar role in dousing the flames....By practicing a brand of politics that could be termed communitarian rather than communal, the IUML succeeded in actualising the constitutional guarantee of equal citizenship for the Muslims in the state. | | quote = If organising a religious community politically on the basis of antagonism to another is communalism, the IUML has never mobilised its cadre nor used its political and often administrative clout to create religious divides. On the contrary, whenever the state faced a communally sensitive situation, the party rose to the occasion and played a stellar role in dousing the flames....By practicing a brand of politics that could be termed communitarian rather than communal, the IUML succeeded in actualising the constitutional guarantee of equal citizenship for the Muslims in the state. | ||
| source = ''The Indian Express'' [https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/indian-union-muslim-league-yogi-rahul-gandhi-wayanad-elections-2019-5669399/ | | source = ''[[The Indian Express]]''<ref>{{cite news |author1=Shajahan Madampat |title=The importance of IUML |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/indian-union-muslim-league-yogi-rahul-gandhi-wayanad-elections-2019-5669399/ |access-date=30 March 2023 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=11 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411030104/https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/indian-union-muslim-league-yogi-rahul-gandhi-wayanad-elections-2019-5669399/ |archive-date=11 April 2019}}</ref> | ||
}} | }} | ||
== Composition == | == Composition == | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! Designation !! Name | ! Designation !! Name | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''Chairman-Political Advisory'''||[[ | |'''Chairman-Political Advisory'''||[[Sayyid Sadiq Ali Shihab Thangal|Sadiq Ali Thangal]] (Kerala) | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''National President'''||[[K. M. Kader Mohideen]] (Tamil Nadu)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/pti-feed/story/k-m-khader-mohideen-is-iuml-national-president-881941-2017-02-26|title=K M Khader Mohideen is IUML National President|website=India Today|language=en|access-date=2018-09-16|archive-date=16 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916164353/https://www.indiatoday.in/pti-feed/story/k-m-khader-mohideen-is-iuml-national-president-881941-2017-02-26|url-status=live}}</ref> | |'''National President'''||[[K. M. Kader Mohideen]] (Tamil Nadu)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/pti-feed/story/k-m-khader-mohideen-is-iuml-national-president-881941-2017-02-26|title=K M Khader Mohideen is IUML National President|website=India Today|language=en|access-date=2018-09-16|archive-date=16 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916164353/https://www.indiatoday.in/pti-feed/story/k-m-khader-mohideen-is-iuml-national-president-881941-2017-02-26|url-status=live}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| rowspan="2" |'''Vice | | rowspan="2" |'''Vice Presidents''' | ||
|Iqbal Ahmed (Uttar Pradesh) | |Iqbal Ahmed (Uttar Pradesh) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 177: | Line 203: | ||
* Youth Wing: [[Muslim Youth League|Muslim Youth League (the Youth League)]] [http://iumyl.in/] | * Youth Wing: [[Muslim Youth League|Muslim Youth League (the Youth League)]] [http://iumyl.in/] | ||
**National President: Asif Ansari (New Delhi) | **National President: Asif Ansari (New Delhi) | ||
**National Secretary: Faisal Babu<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.madhyamam.com/india/faisal-babu-is-the-all-india-general-secretary-of-youth-league-778235 | | **National Secretary: Faisal Babu (Kerala)<ref>{{cite web |date=19 March 2021 |title=Faisal Babu is the All India General Secretary of the Youth League |url=https://www.madhyamam.com/india/faisal-babu-is-the-all-india-general-secretary-of-youth-league-778235 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517170423/https://www.madhyamam.com/india/faisal-babu-is-the-all-india-general-secretary-of-youth-league-778235 |archive-date=17 May 2021 |access-date=20 May 2021}}</ref> | ||
**Kerala State President: | **Kerala State President: Sayyid Munavvar Ali Shihab Thangal | ||
**Kerala State General Secretary: P. K. Firoz | **Kerala State General Secretary: P. K. Firoz | ||
*Students' Wing: [[Muslim Students Federation]] | *Students' Wing: [[Muslim Students Federation (I. U. M. L.)|Muslim Students Federation (M. S. F.)]] | ||
**National President: | **National President: P.V. Ahamed Saju | ||
**National General Secretary: S. H. Muhammed Arshad | **National General Secretary: S. H. Muhammed Arshad | ||
* | * Scheduled Caste Wing: Indian Union Dalit League | ||
* Women's Political Wing: [[Msf Haritha]] | * Women's Political Wing: [[Msf Haritha|M. S. F Haritha]] and Indian Union Women's League | ||
* Trade Union Organization (Kerala): Swathanthra Thozhilali Union (S. T. U., Independent Workers Union) | * Trade Union Organization (Kerala): Swathanthra Thozhilali Union (S. T. U., Independent Workers Union) | ||
* Peasants' Union (Kerala): Swathanthra Karshaka Sangam (Independent Peasants Union) | * Peasants' Union (Kerala): Swathanthra Karshaka Sangam (Independent Peasants Union) | ||
| Line 194: | Line 220: | ||
=== Early years (1957 - 1979/80) === | === Early years (1957 - 1979/80) === | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; background:#ffffff; width:90% | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; background:#ffffff; width:90%" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="2" |Election | ! rowspan="2" |Election | ||
!Seats | !Seats | ||
! rowspan="2" |Vote % | ! rowspan="2" |Vote% | ||
! rowspan="2" |Government/Opposition | ! rowspan="2" |Government/Opposition | ||
! rowspan="2" |Ministers | ! rowspan="2" |Ministers | ||
| Line 215: | Line 241: | ||
| rowspan="2" |1960 | | rowspan="2" |1960 | ||
| rowspan="2" |11 (12) | | rowspan="2" |11 (12) | ||
| rowspan="2" |5.0 | | rowspan="2" |5.0 {{increase}} | ||
|Government ([[Pattom Thanu Pillai|Pattom]] Ministry) | |Government ([[Pattom Thanu Pillai|Pattom]] Ministry) | ||
1960 - 62 | 1960 - 62 | ||
| Line 229: | Line 255: | ||
|1965 | |1965 | ||
|6 (16) | |6 (16) | ||
|3.71 | |3.71 {{decrease}} | ||
| colspan="2" |Inconclusive (no government formed)<ref name=":3" /> | | colspan="2" |Inconclusive (no government formed)<ref name=":3" /> | ||
|<ref name=":15" /><ref name=":10" /> | |<ref name=":15" /><ref name=":10" /> | ||
| Line 235: | Line 261: | ||
| rowspan="2" |1967 | | rowspan="2" |1967 | ||
| rowspan="2" |14 (15) | | rowspan="2" |14 (15) | ||
| rowspan="2" |6.75 | | rowspan="2" |6.75 {{increase}} | ||
|Government<ref name=": | |Government<ref name=":52"/> ([[E. M. S. Namboodiripad|Namboodiripad]] Ministry) | ||
1967 - 69 | 1967 - 69 | ||
| Line 242: | Line 268: | ||
*[[C. H. Mohammed Koya]] | *[[C. H. Mohammed Koya]] | ||
*[[M. P. M. Ahammed Kurikkal]] (succeeded by [[K. Avukader Kutty Naha|K. Avukaderkutty Naha]]) | *[[M. P. M. Ahammed Kurikkal]] (succeeded by [[K. Avukader Kutty Naha|K. Avukaderkutty Naha]]) | ||
|<ref name=": | |<ref name=":52"/><ref name=":15" /> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Government ([[C. Achutha Menon|Achutha Menon]] Ministry) | |Government ([[C. Achutha Menon|Achutha Menon]] Ministry) | ||
| Line 253: | Line 279: | ||
|1970 | |1970 | ||
|11 (20) | |11 (20) | ||
|7.7 | |7.7 {{increase}} | ||
|Government ([[C. Achutha Menon|Achutha Menon]] Ministry) | |Government ([[C. Achutha Menon|Achutha Menon]] Ministry) | ||
1970 - 77 | 1970 - 77 | ||
| Line 263: | Line 289: | ||
| rowspan="4" |1977 | | rowspan="4" |1977 | ||
| rowspan="4" |13 (16) | | rowspan="4" |13 (16) | ||
| rowspan="4" |6.65 | | rowspan="4" |6.65 {{decrease}} | ||
|Government ([[K. Karunakaran|Karunakaran]] Ministry) | |Government ([[K. Karunakaran|Karunakaran]] Ministry) | ||
1977 | 1977 | ||
| Line 290: | Line 316: | ||
=== With the United Democratic Front (1979/80 - present) === | === With the United Democratic Front (1979/80 - present) === | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; background:#ffffff; width:90% | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; background:#ffffff; width:90%" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="2" |Election | ! rowspan="2" |Election | ||
!Seats | !Seats | ||
! rowspan="2" |Vote % | ! rowspan="2" |Vote % | ||
! rowspan="2" |Government/Opposition<ref name=": | ! rowspan="2" |Government/Opposition<ref name=":52"/> | ||
! rowspan="2" |Ministers | ! rowspan="2" |Ministers | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 302: | Line 328: | ||
| rowspan="2" |1980 | | rowspan="2" |1980 | ||
| rowspan="2" |14 (21) | | rowspan="2" |14 (21) | ||
| rowspan="2" |7.18 | | rowspan="2" |7.18 {{increase}} | ||
| colspan="2" |Opposition (to [[E. K. Nayanar|Nayanar]] Ministry) | | colspan="2" |Opposition (to [[E. K. Nayanar|Nayanar]] Ministry) | ||
1980 - 81 | 1980 - 81 | ||
| Line 313: | Line 339: | ||
| 1982 | | 1982 | ||
| 14 (18) | | 14 (18) | ||
|6.17 | |6.17 {{decrease}} | ||
|Government ([[K. Karunakaran|Karunakaran]] Ministry) | |Government ([[K. Karunakaran|Karunakaran]] Ministry) | ||
1982 - 87 | 1982 - 87 | ||
| Line 323: | Line 349: | ||
| 1987 | | 1987 | ||
| 15 (23) | | 15 (23) | ||
|7.73 | |7.73 {{increase}} | ||
| colspan="2" |Opposition | | colspan="2" |Opposition | ||
| Line 332: | Line 358: | ||
| rowspan="2" |1991 | | rowspan="2" |1991 | ||
| rowspan="2" |19 (22) | | rowspan="2" |19 (22) | ||
|7.37 | | rowspan="2" |7.37 {{decrease}} | ||
|Government | |Government | ||
| Line 344: | Line 370: | ||
* C.T. Ahammed Ali | * C.T. Ahammed Ali | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Government | |Government | ||
([[A. K. Antony|Antony]] Ministry) | ([[A. K. Antony|Antony]] Ministry) | ||
| Line 354: | Line 379: | ||
*[[P. K. Kunhalikutty]] | *[[P. K. Kunhalikutty]] | ||
*[[E. T. Mohammed Basheer|E. T. Mohammad Basheer]] | *[[E. T. Mohammed Basheer|E. T. Mohammad Basheer]] | ||
|- | |||
|1996 | |||
|13 (23) | |||
|7.19 {{decrease}} | |||
| colspan="2" |Opposition | |||
(to [[E. K. Nayanar|Nayanar]] Ministry) | |||
1996 - 2001 | |||
|- | |- | ||
| rowspan="2" |2001 | | rowspan="2" |2001 | ||
| rowspan="2" |16 (21) | | rowspan="2" |16 (21) | ||
| rowspan="2" |7.59 | | rowspan="2" |7.59 {{increase}} | ||
|Government | |Government | ||
([[A. K. Antony|Antony]] Ministry) | ([[A. K. Antony|Antony]] Ministry) | ||
| Line 380: | Line 413: | ||
|2006 | |2006 | ||
|7 (21) | |7 (21) | ||
|7.30 | |7.30 {{decrease}} | ||
| colspan="2" |Opposition | | colspan="2" |Opposition | ||
(to [[V. S. Achuthanandan|Achuthanandan]] Ministry) | (to [[V. S. Achuthanandan|Achuthanandan]] Ministry) | ||
| Line 388: | Line 421: | ||
|2011 | |2011 | ||
|20 (23) | |20 (23) | ||
|7.92 | |7.92 {{increase}} | ||
|Government | |Government | ||
([[Oommen Chandy|Chandy]] Ministry) | ([[Oommen Chandy|Chandy]] Ministry) | ||
| Line 402: | Line 435: | ||
|2016 | |2016 | ||
|18 (23) | |18 (23) | ||
|7.40 | |7.40 {{decrease}} | ||
| colspan="2" |Opposition | | colspan="2" |Opposition | ||
(to [[Pinarayi Vijayan|Vijayan]] Ministry) | (to [[Pinarayi Vijayan|Vijayan]] Ministry) | ||
| Line 410: | Line 443: | ||
|2021 | |2021 | ||
|15 (25) | |15 (25) | ||
|8.27 | |8.27 {{increase}} | ||
| colspan="2" |Opposition | | colspan="2" |Opposition | ||
(to Vijayan Ministry) | (to Vijayan Ministry) | ||
| Line 426: | Line 459: | ||
! colspan="2" |Kerala | ! colspan="2" |Kerala | ||
|- | |- | ||
| colspan="2" |'''[[Kasaragod district| | | colspan="2" |'''[[Kasaragod district|Kasaragod]]''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[Manjeshwaram (State Assembly constituency)|Manjeshwaram]] | |[[Manjeshwaram (State Assembly constituency)|Manjeshwaram]] | ||
| Line 433: | Line 466: | ||
|[[Kasaragod (State Assembly constituency)|Kasaragod]]||[[N. A. Nellikkunnu]] | |[[Kasaragod (State Assembly constituency)|Kasaragod]]||[[N. A. Nellikkunnu]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| colspan="2" |'''[[Kozhikode district| | | colspan="2" |'''[[Kozhikode district|Kozhikode]]''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[Koduvally (State Assembly constituency)|Koduvally]]||[[M. K. Muneer]] | |[[Koduvally (State Assembly constituency)|Koduvally]]||[[M. K. Muneer]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| colspan="2" |'''[[Malappuram district| | | colspan="2" |'''[[Malappuram district|Malappuram]]''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[Kondotty (State Assembly constituency)|Kondotty]]||[[T. V. Ibrahim]] | |[[Kondotty (State Assembly constituency)|Kondotty]]||[[T. V. Ibrahim]] | ||
| Line 462: | Line 495: | ||
|[[Kottakkal (State assembly constituency)|Kottakkal]]||[[K. K. Abid Hussain Thangal]] | |[[Kottakkal (State assembly constituency)|Kottakkal]]||[[K. K. Abid Hussain Thangal]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| colspan="2" |'''[[Palakkad district| | | colspan="2" |'''[[Palakkad district|Palakkad]]''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[Mannarkkad (State Assembly constituency)|Mannarkkad]]||[[N. Samsudheen]] | |[[Mannarkkad (State Assembly constituency)|Mannarkkad]]||[[N. Samsudheen]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
== | == Members of Parliament == | ||
=== Loksabha === | |||
''Source: [http://loksabhaph.nic.in/Members/lokprev.aspx Loksabha]'' | ''Source: [http://loksabhaph.nic.in/Members/lokprev.aspx Loksabha]'' | ||
{{columns-list|colwidth=35em| | {{columns-list|colwidth=35em| | ||
| Line 476: | Line 511: | ||
*3rd House | *3rd House | ||
**[[C. H. Mohammed Koya]] (Kozhikode) | **[[C. H. Mohammed Koya]] (Kozhikode) | ||
**[[ | **[[M. Muhammad Ismail]] (Manjeri) | ||
*4th House | *4th House | ||
**[[ | **[[M. Muhammad Ismail]] (Manjeri) | ||
**[[Ebrahim Sulaiman Sait]] (Kozhikode) | **[[Ebrahim Sulaiman Sait]] (Kozhikode) | ||
**[[S. M. Muhammed Sheriff]](Ramanathapuram) | **[[S. M. Muhammed Sheriff]] (Ramanathapuram) | ||
*5th House | *5th House | ||
**[[ | **[[M. Muhammad Ismail]] (Manjeri) | ||
**[[Ebrahim Sulaiman Sait]] (Kozhikode) | **[[Ebrahim Sulaiman Sait]] (Kozhikode) | ||
**[[S. M. Muhammed Sheriff]](Periyakulam) | **[[S. M. Muhammed Sheriff]] (Periyakulam) | ||
**[[Chowdhury Abu Taleb|Abu Taleb Chowdhury]] ([[Murshidabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Murshidabad]]) - independent | **[[Chowdhury Abu Taleb|Abu Taleb Chowdhury]] ([[Murshidabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Murshidabad]]) - independent | ||
*6th-9th Houses | *6th-9th Houses | ||
| Line 504: | Line 539: | ||
**[[E. T. Mohammed Basheer]] (Ponnani) | **[[E. T. Mohammed Basheer]] (Ponnani) | ||
* 17th House | * 17th House | ||
**[[P. K. Kunhalikutty]] and [[M. P. Abdussamad Samadani]](Malappuram) | **[[P. K. Kunhalikutty]] and [[M. P. Abdussamad Samadani]] (Malappuram) | ||
**[[E. T. Mohammed Basheer]] (Ponnani) | **[[E. T. Mohammed Basheer]] (Ponnani) | ||
**[[Navaskani|K. Navas Kani]] (Ramanathapuram) | **[[Navaskani|K. Navas Kani]] (Ramanathapuram) | ||
}} | }} | ||
== | === Rajya Sabha === | ||
''Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20200613053000/https://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/fellowship/Hilal_Ahmed.pdf Rajyasabha]'' | ''Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20200613053000/https://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/fellowship/Hilal_Ahmed.pdf Rajyasabha]'' | ||
{{columns-list|colwidth=35em| | {{columns-list|colwidth=35em| | ||
'''Madras''' | '''Madras''' | ||
* [[ | * [[M. Muhammad Ismail]] (1952–58) - independent | ||
'''Kerala''' | '''Kerala''' | ||
| Line 531: | Line 566: | ||
}} | }} | ||
== | ==Recent Controversies== | ||
== | The Muslim League has opposed the [[Supreme Court of India]] verdict regarding [[entry of women to Sabarimala|entry of adult women to Sabarimala temple]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sabarimala verdict: Indian Union Muslim League for review petition; urges UDF to back devotees |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2018/oct/05/sabarimala-verdict-indian-union-muslim-league-for-review-petition-urges-udf-to-back-devotees-1881206.html |access-date=2022-06-21 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-18 |title=Kerala Polls 2021: CPM Indulging In Doublespeak On Love Jihad, CAA & Sabarimala: IUML Leader M K Muneer |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/india-news-cpm-indulging-in-doublespeak-on-love-jihad-caa-sabarimala-iuml-leader-m-k-muneer/378904 |access-date=2022-06-21 |website=outlookindia.com |language=en}}</ref> It is also at odds with several [[LGBTQ]] rulings from the [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]].<ref name="m.timesofindia.com">{{Cite news |title=Indian Union Muslim League opposes Supreme Court verdict, says it is against Indian culture |website=Times of India |url=https://m.timesofindia.com/city/trichy/indian-union-muslim-league-opposes-sc-verdict-says-it-is-against-indian-culture/amp_articleshow/65712288.cms |url-status=live |access-date=15 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211014050122/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/trichy/indian-union-muslim-league-opposes-sc-verdict-says-it-is-against-indian-culture/articleshow/65712288.cms |archive-date=14 October 2021}}</ref> The party also supports the primacy of [[Muslim personal law|Muslim Personal Law]] among Indian Muslims.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Circular to legalise earlier marriages |website=New Indian Express |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2013/jun/23/Circular-to-legalise-earlier-marriages-489648.html |url-status=live |access-date=15 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210616043155/https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2013/jun/23/Circular-to-legalise-earlier-marriages-489648.html |archive-date=16 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=IUML, CPM, CPI against Centre's bid to raise legal age of marriage for women |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2021/12/18/women-legal-age-for-marriage-india.html |access-date=2022-06-21 |website=OnManorama}}</ref> | ||
=== | IUML opposes implementing [[gender neutrality]] and [[comprehensive sex education]] in school curriculum saying that it promotes homosexuality, leads to sexual anarchy and is part of an atheist-liberal conspiracy to destroy religious values.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/govt-encouraging-homosexuality-iuml-leader-on-new-school-curriculum-101670944328865.html|title=Govt encouraging homosexuality: IUML leader on new school curriculum|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/south/muslim-league-slams-kerala-gender-neutral-initiative-1137687.html|title=Muslim league slams Kerala gender-neutral initiative|website=Deccan Herald}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2023/01/14/lgbtq-community-worst-humans-says-iuml-leader-km-shaji.amp.html|title=IUML leader K M Shaji says LGBTQ members are worst humans|website=Manorama online}}</ref> | ||
An article by the current president of the Muslim League, on [[Hagia Sophia]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sadiq Ali Thangal takes over leadership of Muslim League at the most critical period of its existence |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2022/03/07/sadiq-ali-shihab-thangal-to-be-new-kerala-state-president-of-ium.html |access-date=2022-06-21 |website=OnManorama}}</ref> seemed to support the views of [[political Islam]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Sadiqali has his work cut out |website=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/sadiqali-has-his-work-cut-out/article65201877.ece}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Analysis {{!}} Growing Christian-Muslim alienation, Kerala civic polls and Kunhalikutty's Christmas cake diplomacy |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2021/01/01/analysis---growing-christian-muslim-alienation--kerala-civic-pol.html |access-date=2022-06-21 |website=OnManorama}}</ref> | |||
Muslim League generally presents itself as a conservative political party in Kerala.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Young women lead churn within Muslim League |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/opinions/editorials/2021/sep/17/young-women-lead-churn-within-muslim-league-2359791.html |access-date=2022-06-21 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title='Haritha' row points to emerging new political outlook within IUML |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2021/10/07/new-political-outlook-within-indian-union-muslim-league.html |access-date=2022-06-21 |website=OnManorama}}</ref> In 2021, ten female leaders from the disbanded Haritha state committee lodged a police complaint against the state president of the Muslim Students Federation (MSF) and the Malappuram district general secretary, accusing them of making sexual remarks.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Police probe has lost pace, ex-Haritha leaders tell women's panel |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2021/oct/12/police-probe-has-lost-pace-ex-haritha-leaders-tell-womens-panel-2370524.html |access-date=2022-06-21 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Women's League rejects former Haritha leaders' gender politics |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2021/sep/29/womens-league-rejects-former-haritha-leaders-gender-politics-2365103.html |access-date=2022-06-21 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> | |||
==See also== | |||
*[[All-India Muslim League]] | |||
*[[Indian Independence Movement]] | |||
=== | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
| Line 559: | Line 584: | ||
== External links == | == External links == | ||
* {{official}} | * {{official}} | ||
| Line 575: | Line 600: | ||
[[Category:1948 establishments in India]] | [[Category:1948 establishments in India]] | ||
[[Category:Conservative parties in India]] | [[Category:Conservative parties in India]] | ||
[[Category:Member parties of the Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance]] | |||
Revision as of 13:02, 22 July 2023
Indian Union Muslim League | |
|---|---|
| File:Indian Union Muslim Leage logo.jpg | |
| Abbreviation | I. U. M. L. (the League) |
| President | K. M. Kader Mohideen |
| Chairperson | Sayyid Sadiq Ali Shihab Thangal |
| Secretary | P. K. Kunhalikutty |
| Lok Sabha leader | E. T. Muhammed Basheer |
| Rajya Sabha leader | P. V. Abdul Wahab |
| Founder | M. Muhammad Ismail |
| Founded |
|
| Preceded by | All-India Muslim League |
| Headquarters | Quaid-e-Millath Manzil, No. 36, Maraikayar Lebbai Street, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.[1] |
| Newspaper | (see below)
|
| Student wing | Muslim Students Federation (M. S. F.) |
| Youth wing | Muslim Youth League (the Youth League) [1] |
| Women's wing | Indian Union Women's League |
| Labour wing | Swatantra Thozhilali Union (S. T. U.) |
| Peasant's wing | Swathanthra Karshaka Sangam (Kerala) |
| Ideology | Communitarianism[2] Conservatism[3] |
| Political position | Centre-right[4] |
| Slogan | Unity is Strength |
| Alliance |
|
| Seats in Lok Sabha | 3 / 543 |
| Seats in Rajya Sabha | 1 / 245 |
| Seats in Kerala Legislative Assembly | 15 / 140 |
| Election symbol | |
 | |
| Party flag | |
 | |
The Indian Union Muslim League (abbreviated as the I. U. M. L. or the League) is an Indian political party primarily based in the Indian state of Kerala. It is recognised as a State Party in Kerala by the Election Commission of India.[5]
After the Partition of India, the first Council of the Indian segment of the All-India Muslim League was held on 10 March 1948 at the south Indian city of Madras (now Chennai).[6] The party renamed itself as the 'Indian Union Muslim League' and adopted a new constitution on 1 September 1951.[6]
I.U.M.L. is a major member of the opposition United Democratic Front, the Indian National Congress-led pre-poll state level alliance in Kerala.[7][8] Whenever the United Democratic Front rules in Kerala, the party leaders are chosen as important Cabinet Ministers. The party has always had a constant, albeit small, presence in the Indian Parliament.[7] The party is a part of the United Progressive Alliance in national level.[7] The League first gained a ministry (Minister of State for External Affairs) in Indian Government in 2004.[9]
The party currently has four members in Parliament - E. T. Mohammed Basheer, M. P. Abdussamad Samadani and K. Navas Kani in the Lok Sabha and P. V. Abdul Wahab in the Rajya Sabha - and fifteen members in Kerala State Legislative Assembly.
History
Muhammad Ismail Sahib on a 1996 stamp of India
A postage stamp released in commemoration of Mohammed Ali Shihab Thangal (1936-2009).
After the partition of India in 1947, the All-India Muslim League was virtually disbanded. It was succeeded by the Indian segment of the Muslim League in the new Dominion of India (first session on 10 March 1948 and constitution passed on 1 September 1951).[10] M. Muhammad Ismail, the then President of the Madras unit of the Muslim League was chosen as the Convener of the Indian segment of the party.[6] The Travancore Muslim League (the States' Muslim League) was merged with the Malabar League in November, 1956.[6]
Indian Union Muslim League contests General Elections under the Indian Constitution.[10] The party is normally represented by two members in the Indian Lower House (the Lok Sabha).[10] B. Pocker, elected from Malappuram Constituency, was a member of the First Lower House (1952–57) from the Madras Muslim League.[10] The party currently has four members in Parliament.
Apart from Kerala and West Bengal, the League had Legislative Assembly members in Tamil Nadu, Pondicherry, Maharastra, Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh, and Assam.[11] In West Bengal, the League had won Assembly seats in the 1970s, and A. K. A. Hassanussaman was a member of the Ajoy Mukherjee cabinet.[12]
Indian Union Muslim League first gained a ministry in Kerala Government as part of the Communist Party of India Marxist-led United Front in 1967. The party switched fronts in 1969 and formed an alliance with the Congress in 1976.[13][8] It later became a chief constituent in a succession of Indian National Congress-led ministries.[8]
Early years
- First Council of the Indian segment of the Muslim League was held on 10 March 1948 at the south Indian city of Madras (now Chennai).[6]
- On 1 September 1951 the 'Indian Union Muslim League' came into being in Madras (constitution was passed).[6]
- B. Pocker Sahib, elected from Malappuram Constituency, was a member of the first Lok Sabha (1952–57).[10]
- K. M Seethi Sahib served as the Speaker of the Kerala Assembly from 1960 to 1961.[14]
From the 1960s to the 80s
- The League gained a ministry in Kerala Government in 1967 (C. H. Mohammed Koya and M. P. M. Ahammed Kurikkal).[8]
- The League oversaw the creation of the University of Calicut, the second university in Kerala, in 1968.[8]
- Contribution to local government - the League oversaw the creation of Malappuram District in 1969.[8]
- Death of M. Muhammad Ismail (1972) and Bafaqy Thangal (1973).[15] Syed Ummer Bafaqy Thangal rebels against the leadership.[15]
With the Congress Party
- Muslim League formed an alliance with the Congress in 1976.[13]
- C. H. Mohammed Koya served as the Chief Minister of Kerala from 12 October to 1 December 1979.[16]
- Muslim League joined the Congress (Indira)-lead United Democratic Front in 1979/80.
- The 'rebel' Muslim League formed 'All India Muslim League' and joined the Left Front in 1980.[15][17]
- C. H. Mohammed Koya and K. Avukaderkutty Naha served as Deputy Chief Ministers of Kerala in the 1980s.[16]
In the 1990s
- All India Muslim League (AIML) quit the Left Front and merged with the Muslim League in 1985.[18]
- Demolition of the Babri Masjid (1992). Panakkad Syed Mohammed Ali Shihab Thangal made a passionate plea to all the Muslims in Kerala to remain calm.[19] Kerala remained peaceful throughout.[20]
- Ebrahim Sulaiman Sait, then National President, rebelled and formed the Indian National League (INL) in 1994.[21]
- Minister of Education (E. T. Mohammad Basheer) decided to establish the University of Sanskrit (1993) in Kerala.[21][22]
From the 2000s
- Atal Bihari Vajpayee dispatched E. Ahamed to the United Nations (Geneva) to represent India (2004).[21][20]
- Mid-2000s witnessed the Manjeri (2004) and the Kuttippuram-Mankada (2006) defeats.[23]
- The League first gained a ministry (E. Ahamed) in Indian Government (Manmohan Singh Ministry) in 2004.[24]
- Panakkad Syed Mohammed Ali Shihab Thangal died in 2009.[19]
- The League won a record 20 out of the contested 23 seats in the 2011 Assembly Elections.
- The League remains in the Opposition for two consecutive terms (2016 and 2021)
National Presidents of Indian Union Muslim League
| No. | Name | Portrait | Tenure | Home State |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | M. Muhammed Ismail | .jpg)
|
10 March 1948 — 5 April 1972 | Tamil Nadu |
| 2 | Bafaqy Thangal | 1972 — 19 January 1973 | Kerala | |
| 3 | Ebrahim Sulaiman Sait | 1973—1994 | Karnataka | |
| 4 | G. M. Banatwala | 1994— 25 June 2008 | Maharashtra | |
| 5 | E. Ahamed | 
|
25 June 2008 — 1 February 2017 | Kerala |
| 6 | K. M. Kader Mohideen | .jpg)
|
27 February 2017 — present | Tamil Nadu |
Ideology
| Part of a series on |
| Conservatism |
|---|
 |
|
|
The [Indian Union Muslim League] party...has shown strands of identity politics, but largely remained communitarian; it has at times been conservative, but never communal. It has furthered Muslim aspirations without antagonising any other segment—and hence has retained its centrality in the larger Kerala polity.
The distinctive feature of the [Indian Union] Muslim League in Kerala is that it strove to keep the [Muslim] community at the centre of the [Kerala] state's politics, unlike other Muslim political formations elsewhere in India that revelled in confessional isolationism. As a result, the Kerala Muslims emerged as probably the only community of that faith in India that achieved genuine political empowerment on the one hand and, on the other, lived out the promise of equal citizenship enshrined in the [Indian] Constitution.
— Outlook[26]
If organising a religious community politically on the basis of antagonism to another is communalism, the IUML has never mobilised its cadre nor used its political and often administrative clout to create religious divides. On the contrary, whenever the state faced a communally sensitive situation, the party rose to the occasion and played a stellar role in dousing the flames....By practicing a brand of politics that could be termed communitarian rather than communal, the IUML succeeded in actualising the constitutional guarantee of equal citizenship for the Muslims in the state.
Composition
| Designation | Name |
|---|---|
| Chairman-Political Advisory | Sadiq Ali Thangal (Kerala) |
| National President | K. M. Kader Mohideen (Tamil Nadu)[28] |
| Vice Presidents | Iqbal Ahmed (Uttar Pradesh) |
| Dastagir Ibrahim Aga (Karnataka) | |
| National General Secretary | P. K. Kunhalikutty (Kerala)[29] |
| National Organising Secretary | E. T. Mohammed Basheer (Kerala) |
| National Treasurer | P. V. Abdul Wahab (Kerala)[30] |
| Secretaries | Khorrum Anis Omer (Delhi) |
| M. P. Abdussamad Samadani (Kerala) | |
| S. Naim Akthar (Bihar) | |
| Siraj Ebrahim Sait (Karnataka) | |
| Assistant Secretaries | Abdul Basith (Tamil Nadu) |
| Kausar Hayat Khan (Uttar Pradesh) |
Organizational structure
- Youth Wing: Muslim Youth League (the Youth League) [2]
- National President: Asif Ansari (New Delhi)
- National Secretary: Faisal Babu (Kerala)[31]
- Kerala State President: Sayyid Munavvar Ali Shihab Thangal
- Kerala State General Secretary: P. K. Firoz
- Students' Wing: Muslim Students Federation (M. S. F.)
- National President: P.V. Ahamed Saju
- National General Secretary: S. H. Muhammed Arshad
- Scheduled Caste Wing: Indian Union Dalit League
- Women's Political Wing: M. S. F Haritha and Indian Union Women's League
- Trade Union Organization (Kerala): Swathanthra Thozhilali Union (S. T. U., Independent Workers Union)
- Peasants' Union (Kerala): Swathanthra Karshaka Sangam (Independent Peasants Union)
- Advocates: Lawyers Forum
- Expatriates: Kerala Muslim Cultural Centre (K. M. C. C.)
Kerala Legislative Assembly
Source: http://www.ceo.kerala.gov.in/electionhistory.html
Early years (1957 - 1979/80)
| Election | Seats | Vote% | Government/Opposition | Ministers | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Won (Contested) | |||||
| 1957 | 8 (19)
As independents |
4.72 | Opposition (to Namboodiripad Ministry)
1957 - 59 |
[17][32] | |
| 1960 | 11 (12) | 5.0 
|
Government (Pattom Ministry)
1960 - 62
|
Excluded from the Pattom Ministry[33] | [33][17][34] |
| Abstaining Opposition (to Shankar Ministry)[33]
1962 - 64 |
[33] | ||||
| 1965 | 6 (16) | 3.71 
|
Inconclusive (no government formed)[33] | [34][17] | |
| 1967 | 14 (15) | 6.75
|
Government[8] (Namboodiripad Ministry)
1967 - 69 |
|
[8][34] |
| Government (Achutha Menon Ministry)
1969 - 70 |
[35] | ||||
| 1970 | 11 (20) | 7.7
|
Government (Achutha Menon Ministry)
1970 - 77 |
|
[35][36] |
| 1977 | 13 (16) | 6.65
|
Government (Karunakaran Ministry)
1977 |
[35][36] | |
| Government (Antony Ministry)
1977 - 78 |
| ||||
| Government (PKV Ministry)
1978 - 79 |
|||||
| Government (Koya Ministry)
1979 |
|||||
With the United Democratic Front (1979/80 - present)
| Election | Seats | Vote % | Government/Opposition[8] | Ministers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Won (Contested) | ||||
| 1980 | 14 (21) | 7.18
|
Opposition (to Nayanar Ministry)
1980 - 81 | |
| Government (Karunakaran Ministry)
1981 - 82 |
||||
| 1982 | 14 (18) | 6.17
|
Government (Karunakaran Ministry)
1982 - 87 |
|
| 1987 | 15 (23) | 7.73
|
Opposition
(to Nayanar Ministry) 1987 - 91 | |
| 1991 | 19 (22) | 7.37
|
Government
(Karunakaran Ministry) 1991 - 95 |
|
| Government
(Antony Ministry) 1995 - 96 |
| |||
| 1996 | 13 (23) | 7.19
|
Opposition
(to Nayanar Ministry) 1996 - 2001 | |
| 2001 | 16 (21) | 7.59
|
Government
(Antony Ministry) 2001 - 2004 |
|
| Government
(Chandy Ministry) 2004 - 2006 |
| |||
| 2006 | 7 (21) | 7.30
|
Opposition
(to Achuthanandan Ministry) 2006 - 11 | |
| 2011 | 20 (23) | 7.92
|
Government
(Chandy Ministry) 2011 - 16 |
|
| 2016 | 18 (23) | 7.40
|
Opposition
(to Vijayan Ministry) 2016 - 2021 | |
| 2021 | 15 (25) | 8.27
|
Opposition
(to Vijayan Ministry) | |
Current members
Members of Parliament
Loksabha
Source: Loksabha
- 1st House
- B. Pocker (Malappuram)
- 2nd House - No members
- B. Pocker (Manjeri) - independent
- 3rd House
- C. H. Mohammed Koya (Kozhikode)
- M. Muhammad Ismail (Manjeri)
- 4th House
- M. Muhammad Ismail (Manjeri)
- Ebrahim Sulaiman Sait (Kozhikode)
- S. M. Muhammed Sheriff (Ramanathapuram)
- 5th House
- M. Muhammad Ismail (Manjeri)
- Ebrahim Sulaiman Sait (Kozhikode)
- S. M. Muhammed Sheriff (Periyakulam)
- Abu Taleb Chowdhury (Murshidabad) - independent
- 6th-9th Houses
- G. M. Banatwalla (Ponnani)
- Ebrahim Sulaiman Sait (Manjeri)
- 10th House
- Ebrahim Sulaiman Sait (Ponnani)
- E. Ahamed (Manjeri)
- 11th-13th Houses
- G. M. Banatwalla (Ponnani)
- E. Ahamed (Manjeri)
- 14th House
- 15th House
- E. Ahamed (Malappuram) as Union Minister of State[24]
- E. T. Mohammed Basheer (Ponnani)
- 16th House
- E. Ahamed and P. K. Kunhalikutty (Malappuram)
- E. T. Mohammed Basheer (Ponnani)
- 17th House
- P. K. Kunhalikutty and M. P. Abdussamad Samadani (Malappuram)
- E. T. Mohammed Basheer (Ponnani)
- K. Navas Kani (Ramanathapuram)
Rajya Sabha
Source: Rajyasabha
Madras
- M. Muhammad Ismail (1952–58) - independent
Kerala
- Ebrahim Sulaiman Sait (1960–66)
- Abdulla Koya (1967–73, 1974–98)
- Hamid Ali Schamnad (1970–79)
- Abdussamad Samadani (1994–2006)
- Korambayil Ahammed (1998–03)
- P. V. Abdul Wahab (2004–10, 2015–21)
Tamil Nadu
- A. K. A. Abdul Samad (1964–70)
- S. A. Khwaja Mohideen (1968–74)
- A. K. A. Abdul Samad (1970– 76)
- A. K. Refaye (1972–78)
- S. A. Khwaja Mohideen (1974-80)
Recent Controversies
The Muslim League has opposed the Supreme Court of India verdict regarding entry of adult women to Sabarimala temple.[37][38] It is also at odds with several LGBTQ rulings from the Supreme Court.[39] The party also supports the primacy of Muslim Personal Law among Indian Muslims.[40][41]
IUML opposes implementing gender neutrality and comprehensive sex education in school curriculum saying that it promotes homosexuality, leads to sexual anarchy and is part of an atheist-liberal conspiracy to destroy religious values.[42][43][44]
An article by the current president of the Muslim League, on Hagia Sophia,[45] seemed to support the views of political Islam.[46][47]
Muslim League generally presents itself as a conservative political party in Kerala.[48][49] In 2021, ten female leaders from the disbanded Haritha state committee lodged a police complaint against the state president of the Muslim Students Federation (MSF) and the Malappuram district general secretary, accusing them of making sexual remarks.[50][51]
See also
References
- ↑ "List of Political Parties and Election Symbols main Notification Dated 18.01.2013" (PDF). India: Election Commission of India. 2013. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 January 2013. Retrieved 9 May 2013.
- ↑ "The importance of IUML". 11 April 2019.
- ↑ "Leaderless Anti-CAA Protests Underscore Muslim Political Orphanhood". 4 February 2022.
- ↑ "A coloured scheme of things".
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ↑ "List of Political Parties & Symbol MAIN Notification". Election Commission of India. 31 December 2021.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 Wright, T. (1966). The Muslim League in South India since Independence: A Study in Minority Group Political Strategies. The American Political Science Review, 60(3), 579-599. JSTOR 1952972
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 "Explained: History of Muslim League in Kerala and India". The Indian Express. 6 April 2019. Retrieved 4 August 2019.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 James Chiriyankandath (1996) Changing Muslim politics in Kerala: identity, interests and political strategies, Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, 16:2, 257-271.
- ↑ Press Trust of India (19 June 2004). "E. Ahamed: Minister of State for External Affairs". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 7 June 2020. Retrieved 7 June 2020.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 "Explained: History of Muslim League in Kerala and India". The Indian Express. 6 April 2019. Archived from the original on 12 April 2020. Retrieved 4 August 2019.
- ↑ "History of Indian Union Muslim League". Indian Union Muslim League (website). Archived from the original on 17 February 2013.
- ↑ Ameerudheen, T. A. (21 May 2017). "Will the Muslim League's decision to go national affect Asaduddin Owaisi plans for his party?". Scroll. Archived from the original on 12 June 2020.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 Menon, Girish (22 March 2016). "How the Muslim League is at peace with itself". The Hindu. Trivandrum. Archived from the original on 13 June 2020. Retrieved 13 June 2020.
- ↑ "SPEAKERS AND DEPUTY SPEAKERS OF KERALA LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY" (PDF). Kerala Legislative Assembly. Trivandrum: Secretariat of the Kerala Legislature. 2007. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 June 2020. Retrieved 14 October 2021.
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 Wright (23 June 1948). "Muslims and the 1977 Indian Elections: A Watershed?". Asian Survey. 17 (12): 1207–1220. doi:10.2307/2643422. ISSN 0004-4687. JSTOR 2643422. Archived from the original on 13 June 2020. Retrieved 13 June 2020.
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 Chief Minister of Kerala (Official Website)
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 17.3 Radhakrishnan, M. G. (19 April 2019). "Revenge of the Dead Horse". Asianet News. Trivandrum. Archived from the original on 15 June 2020.
- ↑ Pillai, Sreedhar (31 August 1985). "Indian Union Muslim League and All India Muslim League merge in Kerala". India Today. Kerala. Archived from the original on 13 June 2020.
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 IANS (2 August 2009). "Kerala mourns passing away of Panakkad Thangal". Gulf News. Malappuram. Archived from the original on 12 June 2020. Retrieved 12 June 2020.
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 Nair, Preetha (19 April 2019). "A Coloured Scheme of Things". Outlook. Archived from the original on 17 June 2020.
- ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 Madampat, Shajahan (11 April 2019). "The importance of IUML". The Indian Express. Archived from the original on 12 June 2020. Retrieved 12 June 2020.
- ↑ "University at a Glance".
- ↑ Naha, Abdul Latheef (25 March 2014). "Muslim votes not a monolithic bloc". The Hindu. Malappuram. Archived from the original on 6 June 2020. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
- ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 "E. Ahamed: Minister of State for External Affairs". Hindustan Times. Press Trust of India. 19 June 2004. Archived from the original on 7 June 2020. Retrieved 7 June 2020.
- ↑ Salik Ahmad (17 February 2020). "The Leaderless Face Of Anti-CAA Agitation -- Is It Political Orphanhood Of Muslims?". Outlook. Archived from the original on 7 February 2020. Retrieved 30 March 2023.
- ↑ Shajahan Madampat (21 August 2017). "Malappuram Isn't Mini Kashmir". Outlook. Archived from the original on 11 August 2017. Retrieved 30 March 2023.
- ↑ Shajahan Madampat (11 April 2019). "The importance of IUML". The Indian Express. Archived from the original on 11 April 2019. Retrieved 30 March 2023.
- ↑ "K M Khader Mohideen is IUML National President". India Today. Archived from the original on 16 September 2018. Retrieved 16 September 2018.
- ↑ "P K Kunhalikutty is IUML national general secretary - Times of India". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 22 September 2018. Retrieved 16 September 2018.
- ↑ "Indian Union Muslim League national committee members". iuml.com. Archived from the original on 25 January 2019. Retrieved 26 January 2019.
- ↑ "Faisal Babu is the All India General Secretary of the Youth League". 19 March 2021. Archived from the original on 17 May 2021. Retrieved 20 May 2021.
- ↑ Jeffrey, Robin. "Politics, Women and Well-Being: How Kerala became a Model" Palgrave McMillan (1992); 112 and 114.
- ↑ 33.0 33.1 33.2 33.3 33.4 33.5 Wright, Theodore P. 'The Muslim League in South India since Independence.' American Political Science Review, vol. 60, no. 3, 1966, pp. 579–599., doi:10.2307/1952972.
- ↑ 34.0 34.1 34.2 Malhotra, Inder. "The eternal Kerala pattern". The Indian Express. Archived from the original on 24 June 2020.
- ↑ 35.0 35.1 35.2 Nossiter, Thomas Johnson (1982). Communism in Kerala: A Study in Political Adaptation. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. pp. 5–6.
- ↑ 36.0 36.1 Kartha, G. S. (15 May 1977). "Kerala seems to be drifting towards instability". India Today. Archived from the original on 15 June 2020.
- ↑ "Sabarimala verdict: Indian Union Muslim League for review petition; urges UDF to back devotees". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ↑ "Kerala Polls 2021: CPM Indulging In Doublespeak On Love Jihad, CAA & Sabarimala: IUML Leader M K Muneer". outlookindia.com. 18 January 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ↑ "Indian Union Muslim League opposes Supreme Court verdict, says it is against Indian culture". Times of India. Archived from the original on 14 October 2021. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
- ↑ "Circular to legalise earlier marriages". New Indian Express. Archived from the original on 16 June 2021. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
- ↑ "IUML, CPM, CPI against Centre's bid to raise legal age of marriage for women". OnManorama. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ↑ "Govt encouraging homosexuality: IUML leader on new school curriculum". Hindustan Times.
- ↑ "Muslim league slams Kerala gender-neutral initiative". Deccan Herald.
- ↑ "IUML leader K M Shaji says LGBTQ members are worst humans". Manorama online.
- ↑ "Sadiq Ali Thangal takes over leadership of Muslim League at the most critical period of its existence". OnManorama. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ↑ "Sadiqali has his work cut out". The Hindu.
- ↑ "Analysis | Growing Christian-Muslim alienation, Kerala civic polls and Kunhalikutty's Christmas cake diplomacy". OnManorama. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ↑ "Young women lead churn within Muslim League". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ↑ "'Haritha' row points to emerging new political outlook within IUML". OnManorama. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ↑ "Police probe has lost pace, ex-Haritha leaders tell women's panel". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ↑ "Women's League rejects former Haritha leaders' gender politics". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
External links
{{URL|example.com|optional display text}}
Categories:
- Indian Union Muslim League
- Political parties established in 1948
- Political parties established in 1951
- Muslim League
- Muslim League breakaway groups
- Islamic political parties in India
- Islam in Kerala
- 1948 establishments in India
- Conservative parties in India
- Member parties of the Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance