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{{Use dmy dates|date=September | {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2021}} | ||
{{Infobox raga | {{Infobox raga | ||
| name = Hamsadhvani | | name = Hamsadhvani | ||
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| pakad = G P N - Ṡ N P G | | pakad = G P N - Ṡ N P G | ||
| chalan = | | chalan = | ||
| equivalent = | | equivalent = | ||
| similar = [[Shankara (raga)|Shankara]] | | similar = [[Shankara (raga)|Shankara]] | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Carnatic}} | {{Carnatic}} | ||
'''Hamsadhvani''' (meaning "the cry of the swan"<ref name="Bor">{{cite book |last1=Bor |first1=Joep |last2=Rao |first2=Suvarnalata |title=The Raga Guide: A Survey of 74 Hindusthani Ragas |date=1999 |publisher=Nimbus Records with Rotterdam Conservatory of Music |isbn=978-0-9543976-0-9 |page=80 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jCnoMgEACAAJ |language=en}}</ref>) | '''Hamsadhvani''' (meaning "the cry of the swan"<ref name="Bor">{{cite book |last1=Bor |first1=Joep |last2=Rao |first2=Suvarnalata |title=The Raga Guide: A Survey of 74 Hindusthani Ragas |date=1999 |publisher=Nimbus Records with Rotterdam Conservatory of Music |isbn=978-0-9543976-0-9 |page=80 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jCnoMgEACAAJ |language=en}}</ref>), is a [[rāga]] in [[Carnatic music]] (musical scale of Carnatic tradition of Indian classical music). It is an ''audava'' rāgam (or ''owdava'' rāga, meaning pentatonic scale).<ref name="OBrien 1977 p. 37">{{cite book | last=O'Brien | first=J.P. | title=Non-western Music and the Western Listener | publisher=Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company | year=1977 | isbn=978-0-8403-1755-1 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mr8ZAQAAIAAJ | page=37}}</ref> It is a ''[[janya]]'' rāga of the [[Melakartha]] raga, [[Sankarabharanam (raga)|Sankarabharanam]] (29th) but according to Hamsadhvani's [[prayoga]] or the way it is sung it is said to be the janya of [[Kalyani (rāga)|Kalyani]] (65th). | ||
''Hamsadhvani'' is also extensively used in [[Hindustani music]] and said to be borrowed into it from Carnatic music.<ref name="raganidhi">''Raganidhi'' by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras</ref> It was created by the Carnatic composer Ramaswami Dikshitar (1735–1817),<ref>[http://www.carnatica.net/special/rdiksitar.htm P.P.Narayanaswami on www.carnatica.net]</ref> father of [[Muthuswami Dikshitar]] (one of the musical trinity of Carnatic music), and brought into [[Hindustani classical music|Hindustani music]] by [[Aman Ali Khan]] of the [[Bhendibazaar gharana]]. It has become popular due to [[Amir Khan (singer)|Amir Khan]]. | ''Hamsadhvani'' is also extensively used in [[Hindustani music]] and said to be borrowed into it from Carnatic music.<ref name="raganidhi">''Raganidhi'' by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras</ref> It was created by the Carnatic composer Ramaswami Dikshitar (1735–1817),<ref>[http://www.carnatica.net/special/rdiksitar.htm P.P.Narayanaswami on www.carnatica.net]</ref> father of [[Muthuswami Dikshitar]] (one of the musical trinity of Carnatic music), and brought into [[Hindustani classical music|Hindustani music]] by [[Aman Ali Khan]] of the [[Bhendibazaar gharana]]. It has become popular due to [[Amir Khan (singer)|Amir Khan]]. | ||
== Structure and lakshana == | == Structure and lakshana == | ||
[[File:Hamsadhwani scale.svg|300px|thumb|''Hamsadhvani'' scale with ''shadjam'' at C]] | [[File:Hamsadhwani scale.svg|300px|thumb|''Hamsadhvani'' scale with ''shadjam'' (tonic) at C]] | ||
''Hamsadhvani'' does not contain ''madhyamam'' or ''dhavathum''. It is a pentatonic scale (''audava-audava'' ragam<ref name="raganidhi" /><ref name="ragas">''Ragas in Carnatic music'' by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications</ref> in Carnatic music classification – ''audava'' meaning 'of 5'). Its ''{{IAST|ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa}}'' structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows (see [[Swara# | ''Hamsadhvani'' does not contain ''madhyamam'' or ''dhavathum''. It is a pentatonic scale (''audava-audava'' ragam<ref name="raganidhi" /><ref name="ragas">''Ragas in Carnatic music'' by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications</ref> in Carnatic music classification – ''audava'' meaning 'of 5'). Its ''{{IAST|ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa}}'' structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows (see [[Swara#Svaras in Carnatic music|''swaras'' in Carnatic music]] for details on below notation and terms): | ||
* [[Arohana|{{IAST|ārohaṇa}}]] : S R2 G3 P N3 S | * [[Arohana|{{IAST|ārohaṇa}}]] : S R2 G3 P N3 S | ||
| Line 36: | Line 35: | ||
== Compositions == | == Compositions == | ||
''Hamsadhvani'' rāgam lends itself for elaboration and exploration and has many compositions in both classical music and film music. It is usually sung at the beginning of a performance.<ref name="raganidhi" /> There are many ''[[kriti]]s'' (compositions) in praise of [[Lord Ganesha]] set in this musical scale. | ''Hamsadhvani'' rāgam lends itself for elaboration and exploration and has many compositions in both classical music and film music. It is usually sung at the beginning of a performance.<ref name="raganidhi" /> There are many ''[[Kriti (music)|kriti]]s'' (compositions) in praise of [[Lord Ganesha]] set in this musical scale. | ||
* ''Jalajaskhiro'' an [[adi Talam]] [[Varnam]] | * ''Jalajaskhiro'' an [[adi Talam]] [[Varnam]] | ||
* ''Raghunāyaka'',''Śrī Raghukula'' and ''Abhi‌shta varada'' by [[Tyagaraja]] in | * ''Gajamukhane Siddhidayakane'' by [[Vyasatirtha]] | ||
* ''[[Vatapi Ganapatim|Vātāpi Gaṇapatiṃ]]'' by [[Muthuswami Dikshitar]] in | * ''Raghunāyaka'',''Śrī Raghukula'' and ''Abhi‌shta varada'' by [[Tyagaraja]] in Telugu | ||
* ''[[Vatapi Ganapatim|Vātāpi Gaṇapatiṃ]]''and parvathypathim by [[Muthuswami Dikshitar]] in Sanskrit | |||
* ''Pāhi Śripatē'' by [[Swathi Thirunal Rama Varma]] | * ''Pāhi Śripatē'' by [[Swathi Thirunal Rama Varma]] | ||
* ''Varanamukha vā'' by [[Koteeswara Iyer]] | * ''Varanamukha vā'' by [[Koteeswara Iyer]] | ||
* ''Mūlādhāra mūrti'' | * ''Mūlādhāra mūrti'',''Karunai seivai','ullam irangi and parasakthi janani by [[Papanasam Sivan]] in Sanskrit and Tamil | ||
* '' | * ''Gajavadana beduve'' by [[Purandara Dasa|Purandaradasa]] in Kannada | ||
* ''Vināyakā'' by [[Veena Kuppayyar]] in | *''Nammamma Sharade'' by [[Kanaka Dasa|Kanakadasa]] in Kannada | ||
* ''Vināyakā'' by [[Veena Kuppayyar]] in Sanskrit | |||
* ''Varavallabha Ramaṇa'' by [[G. N. Balasubramaniam]] | * ''Varavallabha Ramaṇa'' by [[G. N. Balasubramaniam]] | ||
* ''Gaṃ Gaṇapatē'' by [[Muthiah Bhagavatar]] | * ''Gaṃ Gaṇapatē'' by [[Muthiah Bhagavatar]] | ||
| Line 51: | Line 52: | ||
* ''Vinayaka Vighnavishaka'' by [[R Ganapati]] | * ''Vinayaka Vighnavishaka'' by [[R Ganapati]] | ||
* ''Sundar Gopālaṃ'' by [[Devaki Pandit]] | * ''Sundar Gopālaṃ'' by [[Devaki Pandit]] | ||
* ''Varuvai Arulvai Shantanayagi'' by [[Manachanallur Giridharan | * ''Varuvai Arulvai Shantanayagi'' by [[Manachanallur Giridharan]] | ||
* ''Tumbikkai Andavane'' by [[Manachanallur Giridharan | * ''Tumbikkai Andavane'' by [[Manachanallur Giridharan]] | ||
* ''Vinayaka Ninnu Vina'' by E.V. Raamakrishna Bhaagavatar | * ''Vinayaka Ninnu Vina'' by E.V. Raamakrishna Bhaagavatar | ||
* ''Vande Anishamaham'' by [[Mysore Vasudevachar]] | * ''Vande Anishamaham'' by [[Mysore Vasudevachar]] | ||
* ''Bhajamahe Sree Vinayakam'' by [[Tulaseevanam]] | * ''Bhajamahe Sree Vinayakam'' by [[Tulaseevanam]] | ||
* Arul purivai and Karunai seiguvai by Sudhanandha bharathy | |||
== Film songs == | == Film songs == | ||
* ''Lagi Lagan Pathi Sakhi Sangh'' from the movie "[[Meghe Dhaka Tara]]" | * ''Lagi Lagan Pathi Sakhi Sangh'' from the movie "[[Meghe Dhaka Tara]]" | ||
=== In Tamil language === | === In Tamil language === | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! Song | ! Song | ||
! Movie | ! Movie | ||
! Year | |||
! Composer | ! Composer | ||
! Singer | ! Singer | ||
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| ''Vaadaatha Pushpame.... Vanithaa Maniye'' | | ''Vaadaatha Pushpame.... Vanithaa Maniye'' | ||
| [[Adutha Veettu Penn]] | | [[Adutha Veettu Penn]] | ||
| 1960 | |||
| Adi Narayana Rao | | Adi Narayana Rao | ||
| [[P. B. Sreenivas]] | | [[P. B. Sreenivas]] | ||
| Line 73: | Line 78: | ||
| ''Mazhalai Kaalamum'' | | ''Mazhalai Kaalamum'' | ||
| [[Savithiri (1980 film)|Savithiri]] | | [[Savithiri (1980 film)|Savithiri]] | ||
| 1980 | |||
| [[M. S. Viswanathan]] | | [[M. S. Viswanathan]] | ||
| [[P. Jayachandran]], [[Vani Jairam]] | | [[P. Jayachandran]], [[Vani Jairam]] | ||
| Line 78: | Line 84: | ||
| ''Va Va Va Kanna Va'' | | ''Va Va Va Kanna Va'' | ||
| [[Velaikkaran (1987 film)|Velaikkaran]] | | [[Velaikkaran (1987 film)|Velaikkaran]] | ||
| rowspan=" | | 1987 | ||
| rowspan="13" | [[Ilaiyaraaja]] | |||
| [[Mano (singer)|Mano]], [[K. S. Chithra]] | | [[Mano (singer)|Mano]], [[K. S. Chithra]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''Malargale Nadhaswarangal'' | | ''Malargale Nadhaswarangal'' | ||
| [[Kizhakke Pogum Rail]] | | [[Kizhakke Pogum Rail]] | ||
| 1978 | |||
| [[Malaysia Vasudevan]], [[S. Janaki]] | | [[Malaysia Vasudevan]], [[S. Janaki]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''Mayile Mayile'' | | ''Mayile Mayile'' | ||
| [[Kadavul Amaitha Medai]] | | [[Kadavul Amaitha Medai]] | ||
| 1979 | |||
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Jency Anthony]] | | [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Jency Anthony]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''Sevvaname Ponmegame'' | | ''Sevvaname Ponmegame'' | ||
| [[Nallathoru Kudumbam]] | | [[Nallathoru Kudumbam]] | ||
| 1979 | |||
| [[P. Jayachandran]], [[Kalyani Menon]], [[Jency Anthony|Jency]],Sasirekha | | [[P. Jayachandran]], [[Kalyani Menon]], [[Jency Anthony|Jency]],Sasirekha | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''Therkondu Sendravan'' | | ''Therkondu Sendravan'' | ||
| [[Enakkul Oruvan (1984 film)|Enakkul Oruvan]] | | [[Enakkul Oruvan (1984 film)|Enakkul Oruvan]] | ||
| 1984 | |||
| [[P. Susheela]] | | [[P. Susheela]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''Kalam Maralam'' | | ''Kalam Maralam'' | ||
(Ragamalika:Hamsadhvani,Vasanthi) | (Ragamalika: Hamsadhvani, Vasanthi) | ||
| [[Vaazhkai (1984 film)|Vaazhkai]] | | [[Vaazhkai (1984 film)|Vaazhkai]] | ||
| 1984 | |||
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Vani Jairam]] | | [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Vani Jairam]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''Iru vizhiyin'' | | ''Iru vizhiyin'' | ||
| [[Siva (1989 Tamil film)|Siva]] | | [[Siva (1989 Tamil film)|Siva]] | ||
| 1989 | |||
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[K. S. Chithra]] | | [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[K. S. Chithra]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''Poomudithu'' | | ''Poomudithu'' | ||
| [[En Purushanthaan Enakku Mattumthaan]] | | [[En Purushanthaan Enakku Mattumthaan]] | ||
| 1989 | |||
| [[P. Jayachandran]],Sunandha | | [[P. Jayachandran]],Sunandha | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''Nillavu Vandhadu'' | | ''Nillavu Vandhadu'' | ||
(Ragamalika:Hamsadhvani,Vasanthi) | (Ragamalika: Hamsadhvani, Vasanthi) | ||
| [[Endrum Anbudan]] | | [[Endrum Anbudan]] | ||
| 1992 | |||
| [[Mano (singer)|Mano]], [[S. Janaki]] | | [[Mano (singer)|Mano]], [[S. Janaki]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''Sriranga Ranganathanin'' | | ''Sriranga Ranganathanin'' | ||
(Ragamalika:Hamsadhvani,Mohanam) | (Ragamalika: Hamsadhvani, Mohanam) | ||
| [[Mahanadi (film)|Mahanadi]] | | [[Mahanadi (film)|Mahanadi]] | ||
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Uma Ramanan]],Shobana | | 1994 | ||
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Uma Ramanan]], Shobana | |||
|- | |||
|''Maalai En Vethanai'' | |||
|[[Sethu (film)|Sethu]] | |||
|1999 | |||
|[[Unni Krishnan]], [[Arunmozhi]], [[S.N.Surendar]] | |||
|- | |||
| ''Diana Diana'' | |||
| [[Kaadhal Kavithai]] | |||
| 1998 | |||
| [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]] | |||
|- | |- | ||
| ''Nandri Solla'' | | ''Nandri Solla'' | ||
| [[Chithirayil Nilachoru]] | | [[Chithirayil Nilachoru]] | ||
| 2013 | |||
| [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]], [[Priyadarshini (singer)|Priyadarshini]] | | [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]], [[Priyadarshini (singer)|Priyadarshini]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''Vasandhamum Neeye'' | | ''Vasandhamum Neeye'' | ||
| Kanneer Pookkal | | Kanneer Pookkal | ||
| 1981 | |||
| [[Shankar–Ganesh]] | | [[Shankar–Ganesh]] | ||
| [[S. Janaki]] | | [[S. Janaki]] | ||
| Line 131: | Line 159: | ||
| ''Isaiyin Mazhaiyile'' | | ''Isaiyin Mazhaiyile'' | ||
| Kadaikan Parvai | | Kadaikan Parvai | ||
| V.Narasimhan | | 1986 | ||
| [[K.J. Yesudas]], [[Vani Jairam]] | | V. Narasimhan | ||
| [[K. J. Yesudas]], [[Vani Jairam]] | |||
|- | |- | ||
| ''Kuthuvilakkaga'' | | ''Kuthuvilakkaga'' | ||
| [[Cooliekkaran]] | | [[Cooliekkaran]] | ||
| 1987 | |||
| [[T. Rajendar]] | | [[T. Rajendar]] | ||
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[S. Janaki]] | | [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[S. Janaki]] | ||
| Line 141: | Line 171: | ||
| ''Vellai Pookal'' | | ''Vellai Pookal'' | ||
| [[Kannathil Muthamittal]] | | [[Kannathil Muthamittal]] | ||
| 2002 | |||
| rowspan="5" | [[A. R. Rahman]] | | rowspan="5" | [[A. R. Rahman]] | ||
| [[A. R. Rahman]] | | [[A. R. Rahman]] | ||
| Line 146: | Line 177: | ||
| ''Poovukkul'' | | ''Poovukkul'' | ||
| [[Jeans (film)|Jeans]] | | [[Jeans (film)|Jeans]] | ||
| 1998 | |||
| [[P. Unnikrishnan]], [[Sujatha Mohan]] | | [[P. Unnikrishnan]], [[Sujatha Mohan]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''Manmadha Maasam'' (Ragamalika:Vasanthi) | | ''Manmadha Maasam'' (Ragamalika: Vasanthi) | ||
| [[Paarthale Paravasam]] | | [[Paarthale Paravasam]] | ||
| 2001 | |||
| [[Shankar Mahadevan]], [[Nithyasree Mahadevan]] | | [[Shankar Mahadevan]], [[Nithyasree Mahadevan]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''Dating'' | | ''Dating'' | ||
| [[Boys (2003 film)|Boys]] | | [[Boys (2003 film)|Boys]] | ||
| 2003 | |||
| [[Blaaze]], [[Vasundhara Das]] | | [[Blaaze]], [[Vasundhara Das]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''Theekuruvi'' | | ''Theekuruvi'' | ||
| [[Kangalal Kaidhu Sei]] | | [[Kangalal Kaidhu Sei]] | ||
| 2004 | |||
| [[Johnson (composer)|Johnson]], [[Harini (singer)|Harini]] & Mukesh | | [[Johnson (composer)|Johnson]], [[Harini (singer)|Harini]] & Mukesh | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''En Manathai'' | | ''En Manathai'' | ||
| [[Kalloori Vaasal]] | | [[Kalloori Vaasal]] | ||
| 1996 | |||
| rowspan="4" | [[Deva (composer)|Deva]] | | rowspan="4" | [[Deva (composer)|Deva]] | ||
| [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[Anuradha Sriram]] | | [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[Anuradha Sriram]] | ||
| Line 167: | Line 203: | ||
| ''Oru Mani Adithal'' | | ''Oru Mani Adithal'' | ||
| [[Kaalamellam Kadhal Vaazhga]] | | [[Kaalamellam Kadhal Vaazhga]] | ||
| 1997 | |||
| [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]] | | [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''Gadothkaja'' | | ''Gadothkaja'' | ||
| [[Pammal K. Sambandam]] | | [[Pammal K. Sambandam]] | ||
| 2002 | |||
| [[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]], [[Mahalakshmi Iyer]] | | [[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]], [[Mahalakshmi Iyer]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''Vinodhamanavale'' | | ''Vinodhamanavale'' | ||
| [[Lovely (2001 film)|Lovely]] | | [[Lovely (2001 film)|Lovely]] | ||
| 2001 | |||
| [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[Sujatha Mohan]] | | [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[Sujatha Mohan]] | ||
|- | |||
|''Aayiram Thirnaal'' | |||
|[[Pudhu Vasantham]] | |||
| 1990 | |||
|[[S. A. Rajkumar]] | |||
|[[K. S. Chithra]],Kalyan | |||
|- | |- | ||
| ''Poongatru Veesum'' | | ''Poongatru Veesum'' | ||
| [[Mr. Madras]] | | [[Mr. Madras]] | ||
| 1995 | |||
| [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]] | | [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]] | ||
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]] | | [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]] | ||
| Line 184: | Line 230: | ||
| ''Imaikkatha Vizhigal'' | | ''Imaikkatha Vizhigal'' | ||
| [[Kadhal Dot Com]] | | [[Kadhal Dot Com]] | ||
| 2004 | |||
| rowspan="3" | [[Bharadwaj (music director)|Bharadwaj]] | | rowspan="3" | [[Bharadwaj (music director)|Bharadwaj]] | ||
| [[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]], [[Srimathumitha]] | | [[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]], [[Srimathumitha]] | ||
| Line 189: | Line 236: | ||
| ''Ena Ithu Ena Ithu'' | | ''Ena Ithu Ena Ithu'' | ||
| [[Rojavanam]] | | [[Rojavanam]] | ||
| 1999 | |||
| [[P. Unnikrishnan]], [[Anuradha Sriram]] | | [[P. Unnikrishnan]], [[Anuradha Sriram]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''Unnodu Vaazhatha'' | | ''Unnodu Vaazhatha'' | ||
| [[Amarkalam]] | | [[Amarkalam]] | ||
| 1999 | |||
| rowspan="2" | [[K. S. Chithra]] | | rowspan="2" | [[K. S. Chithra]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''Siragillai'' | | ''Siragillai'' | ||
| [[Vaaname Ellai]] | | [[Vaaname Ellai]] | ||
| 1992 | |||
| [[Maragadha Mani]] | | [[Maragadha Mani]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''Nenjodu Kalanthidu'' | | ''Nenjodu Kalanthidu'' | ||
| [[Kaadhal Kondein]] | | [[Kaadhal Kondein]] | ||
| 2003 | |||
| rowspan="2" | [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]] | | rowspan="2" | [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]] | ||
| [[P. Unnikrishnan]], [[Sujatha Mohan]] | | [[P. Unnikrishnan]], [[Sujatha Mohan]] | ||
| Line 206: | Line 257: | ||
| ''Manja Kaattu Maina'' | | ''Manja Kaattu Maina'' | ||
| [[Manadhai Thirudivittai]] | | [[Manadhai Thirudivittai]] | ||
| 2001 | |||
| [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]], [[Sadhana Sargam]] | | [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]], [[Sadhana Sargam]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''Azhagana Chinna Devathai'' | | ''Azhagana Chinna Devathai'' | ||
| [[Samudhiram]] | | [[Samudhiram]] | ||
| [[ | | 2001 | ||
| [[Sabesh–Murali]] | |||
| [[Shankar Mahadevan]], [[Harini (singer)|Harini]] | | [[Shankar Mahadevan]], [[Harini (singer)|Harini]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''Suppose Unnai'' | | ''Suppose Unnai'' | ||
| [[Sukran]] | | [[Sukran]] | ||
| rowspan=" | | 2005 | ||
| rowspan="4" | [[Vijay Antony]] | |||
| [[Ranjith (singer)|Ranjith]],Vinaya | | [[Ranjith (singer)|Ranjith]],Vinaya | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''Aval Appadi Onrum'' | | ''Aval Appadi Onrum'' | ||
| [[Angadi Theru]] | | [[Angadi Theru]] | ||
| 2010 | |||
| [[Vineeth Sreenivasan]], [[Ranjith (singer)|Ranjith]],Janaki Iyer | | [[Vineeth Sreenivasan]], [[Ranjith (singer)|Ranjith]],Janaki Iyer | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''Natta Nadu Rathiri'' | | ''Natta Nadu Rathiri'' | ||
| [[A Aa E Ee (2009 Tamil film)|A Aa E Ee]] | | [[A Aa E Ee (2009 Tamil film)|A Aa E Ee]] | ||
| 2009 | |||
| [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]], [[Sangeetha Rajeshwaran]],Christopher | | [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]], [[Sangeetha Rajeshwaran]],Christopher | ||
|- | |||
| ''Molachu Moonu'' | |||
| [[Velayudham]] | |||
| 2011 | |||
| Prasanna, Supriya Joshi | |||
|- | |- | ||
| ''Ingivalai'' | | ''Ingivalai'' | ||
| [[Ninaithu Ninaithu Parthen]] | | [[Ninaithu Ninaithu Parthen]] | ||
| 2007 | |||
| [[Joshua Sridhar]] | | [[Joshua Sridhar]] | ||
| Goutham, Harini Sudhakar | | Goutham, Harini Sudhakar | ||
| Line 238: | Line 295: | ||
| ''Koba Kanalgal Theeradha'' | | ''Koba Kanalgal Theeradha'' | ||
| Unarvugal Thodarkathai | | Unarvugal Thodarkathai | ||
| | |||
| Amin Mirza | | Amin Mirza | ||
| Gowtham Bhardwaj | | Gowtham Bhardwaj | ||
|- | |||
|''Kadhale Kadhale '' | |||
| Konjam Koffee Konjam Kaadhal | |||
| 2012 | |||
| Phani Kalyan | |||
| Prasanna, Neha Nair | |||
|} | |} | ||
| Line 313: | Line 377: | ||
=== Pakad or chalan === | === Pakad or chalan === | ||
ga pa ni Sa ga re ni pa | |||
Sa | |||
The Pakad is the one where one can identify to which raga does the composition belongs. | The Pakad is the one where one can identify to which raga does the composition belongs. | ||
| Line 345: | Line 409: | ||
{{Rāgas as per Performance Time}} | {{Rāgas as per Performance Time}} | ||
[[Category:Janya | [[Category:Janya ragas]] | ||
Revision as of 09:15, 18 June 2022
| Thaat | Bilaval |
|---|---|
| Type | Audava |
| Time of day | Early night, 9–12[1] |
| Arohana | S R G P N Ṡ[1] |
| Avarohana | Ṡ N P G R S[1] |
| Pakad | G P N - Ṡ N P G |
| Vadi | P |
| Samavadi | R |
| Similar | Shankara |
| Carnatic music |
|---|
 |
| Concepts |
| Compositions |
| Instruments |
|
Hamsadhvani (meaning "the cry of the swan"[1]), is a rāga in Carnatic music (musical scale of Carnatic tradition of Indian classical music). It is an audava rāgam (or owdava rāga, meaning pentatonic scale).[2] It is a janya rāga of the Melakartha raga, Sankarabharanam (29th) but according to Hamsadhvani's prayoga or the way it is sung it is said to be the janya of Kalyani (65th).
Hamsadhvani is also extensively used in Hindustani music and said to be borrowed into it from Carnatic music.[3] It was created by the Carnatic composer Ramaswami Dikshitar (1735–1817),[4] father of Muthuswami Dikshitar (one of the musical trinity of Carnatic music), and brought into Hindustani music by Aman Ali Khan of the Bhendibazaar gharana. It has become popular due to Amir Khan.
Structure and lakshana
Hamsadhvani does not contain madhyamam or dhavathum. It is a pentatonic scale (audava-audava ragam[3][5] in Carnatic music classification – audava meaning 'of 5'). Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows (see swaras in Carnatic music for details on below notation and terms):
The notes used in this scale are shadjam, chatushruti rishabham, antara gandharam, panchamam and kakali nishadam. In Hindustani music, it is associated with Bilaval thaat (equivalent of Shankarabharanam).
Compositions
Hamsadhvani rāgam lends itself for elaboration and exploration and has many compositions in both classical music and film music. It is usually sung at the beginning of a performance.[3] There are many kritis (compositions) in praise of Lord Ganesha set in this musical scale.
- Jalajaskhiro an adi Talam Varnam
- Gajamukhane Siddhidayakane by Vyasatirtha
- Raghunāyaka,Śrī Raghukula and Abhishta varada by Tyagaraja in Telugu
- Vātāpi Gaṇapatiṃand parvathypathim by Muthuswami Dikshitar in Sanskrit
- Pāhi Śripatē by Swathi Thirunal Rama Varma
- Varanamukha vā by Koteeswara Iyer
- Mūlādhāra mūrti,Karunai seivai','ullam irangi and parasakthi janani by Papanasam Sivan in Sanskrit and Tamil
- Gajavadana beduve by Purandaradasa in Kannada
- Nammamma Sharade by Kanakadasa in Kannada
- Vināyakā by Veena Kuppayyar in Sanskrit
- Varavallabha Ramaṇa by G. N. Balasubramaniam
- Gaṃ Gaṇapatē by Muthiah Bhagavatar
- Pirai Aniyum Peruman by Dr M. Balamuralikrishna
- Vinayaka Vighnavishaka by R Ganapati
- Sundar Gopālaṃ by Devaki Pandit
- Varuvai Arulvai Shantanayagi by Manachanallur Giridharan
- Tumbikkai Andavane by Manachanallur Giridharan
- Vinayaka Ninnu Vina by E.V. Raamakrishna Bhaagavatar
- Vande Anishamaham by Mysore Vasudevachar
- Bhajamahe Sree Vinayakam by Tulaseevanam
- Arul purivai and Karunai seiguvai by Sudhanandha bharathy
Film songs
- Lagi Lagan Pathi Sakhi Sangh from the movie "Meghe Dhaka Tara"
In Tamil language
Related rāgas
Graha bhedham
Hamsadhvani's notes when shifted using Graha bhedam, yields another pentatonic rāgam, Nagasvaravali. Graha bhedam is the step taken in keeping the relative note frequencies same, while shifting the shadjam to the next note in the rāgam. For more details and illustration of this concept refer Graha bhedam on Hamsadhvani.
Scale similarities
- Mohanam is a rāgam which has chatushruti dhaivatam in place of the nishadam. Structures are shown in second table.
- Amritavarshini is a rāgam which has Prati Madhyamam in place of the rishabham. Structures are shown in first table.
- Gambhiranata is a rāgam which has shuddha madhyamam in place of the rishabham. Structures are shown in first table.
- Niroshta is a rāgam which has chatushruti dhaivatam in place of the panchamam. Structures are shown in second table.
| Rāgam | Śruti Tonic |
C | D | E | F | G | A | B | C | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hamsadhvani | C | S | R2 | G3 | P | N3 | S' | |||||||
| Amritavarshini | C | S | G3 | M2 | P | N3 | S' | |||||||
| Gambhiranata | C | S | G3 | M1 | P | N3 | S' |
| Rāgam | Śruti Tonic |
C | D | E | F | G | A | B | C | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hamsadhvani | C | S | R2 | G3 | P | - | N3 | S' | ||||||
| Mohanam | C | S | R2 | G3 | P | D2 | - | S' | ||||||
| Niroshta | C | S | R2 | G3 | - | D2 | N3 | S' |
In Hindustani music
Vadi and samavadi
Vadi: Sa
Samavadi: Pa
Pakad or chalan
ga pa ni Sa ga re ni pa Sa The Pakad is the one where one can identify to which raga does the composition belongs.
Organization and relationships
Time
Late Evening [6]
Important recordings
- Amir Khan, Ragas Hansadhwani and Malkauns, on HMV LP (long-playing record), EMI-EASD1357
- Lagi Lagana (Drut – Teental) by A. Kanan in Meghe Dhaka Tara
- Ja Tose Nahin Bolun Kanhaiya by Lata Mangeshkar in Parivar (1956)
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Bor, Joep; Rao, Suvarnalata (1999). The Raga Guide: A Survey of 74 Hindusthani Ragas. Nimbus Records with Rotterdam Conservatory of Music. p. 80. ISBN 978-0-9543976-0-9.
- ↑ O'Brien, J.P. (1977). Non-western Music and the Western Listener. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company. p. 37. ISBN 978-0-8403-1755-1.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Raganidhi by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras
- ↑ P.P.Narayanaswami on www.carnatica.net
- ↑ Ragas in Carnatic music by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications
- ↑ w.w.w.wikipedia
Literature
- Bor, Joep (ed). Rao, Suvarnalata; der Meer, Wim van; Harvey, Jane (co-authors) The Raga Guide: A Survey of 74 Hindustani Ragas. Zenith Media, London: 1999.