Gourimanohari

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Gourimanohari
ArohanamS R₂ G₂ M₁ P D₂ N₃ 
Avarohanam N₃ D₂ P M₁ G₂ R₂ S
EquivalentMelodic minor scale

Gourimanohari or Gaurimanohari is a rāgam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is the 23rd Melakarta rāgam in the 72 melakarta rāgam system of Carnatic music. The 23rd melakarta rāgam as per Muthuswami Dikshitar school of music is Gourivelāvaḻi.

The Western equivalent is the melodic minor scale.

Hindustani music does not have an equivalent to this rāgam, where the purvanga (first half of the scale) is like Kafi thaat, while the uttaranga (second half) is like Bilaval thaat.[1]

Structure and Lakshana[edit]

Gourimanohari scale with Shadjam at C

It is the 5th rāgam in the 4th chakra Veda. The mnemonic name is Veda-Ma. The mnemonic phrase is sa ri gi ma pa dhi nu.[2] Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows (see swaras in Carnatic music for details on below notation and terms):

The notes used in this scale are shadjam, chatushruti rishabham, sadharana gandharam, shuddha madhyamam, panchamam, chatushruti daivatam and kakali nishadham. It is a sampurna rāgam – a rāgam that has all seven swaras (notes). It is the shuddha madhyamam equivalent of Dharmavati, which is the 59th melakarta.

Janya rāgams[edit]

It has a few minor janya rāgams (derived scales) associated with it. See List of janya rāgams to look up all rāgams associated with it.

Popular compositions[edit]

The following are a few popular compositions in this rāgam.

  • Guruleka etuvanti by Thyagaraja
  • Varalakshmi Namostute by Mysore Vasudevacharya
  • Sarasa sama mridu pada by Swati Tirunal
  • Brova Samayamide Ramayya by Karur Devudu Iyer
  • Gangadhara Shiva by Sri Ganapathy Sachchidananda Swamiji

Film Songs[edit]

Language:Tamil[edit]

Song Movie/Album Composer Singer
Paattum Naane Thiruvilaiyadal K. V. Mahadevan T. M. Soundararajan
Poonthenil Kalanthu Enippadigal S. P. Balasubramanyam, P. Susheela
Aadatha Manamum Kalathur Kannamma R. Sudarsanam A. M. Rajah, P. Susheela
Sonnadhellam Paadha Kaanikkai Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy P. Susheela, L. R. Eswari
Naan Paadum Paadalukku Raga Bandhangal Kunnakudi Vaidyanathan Sirkazhi G. Sivachidambaram, S. Janaki
Malarae Kurinji Malarae Dr. Siva M. S. Viswanathan K. J. Yesudas, S. Janaki
Oru Aalayamaagum Sumathi En Sundari P. Susheela
Jal Jal Jalenum Paasam
Dheivam Thantha Veedu Aval Oru Thodar Kathai K. J. Yesudas
Kadavul Amaithu Vaitha S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
Gowri Manohariyai Kanden Mazhalai Pattalam S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Vani Jairam
Agayam kanatha Alaya Deepam Vani Jairam
Kaalai Maalai Paadu Paadu Gnana Paravai K. J. Yesudas, K. S. Chithra
Kannaa Varuvaayaa Manathil Uruthi Vendum Ilayaraja
Muthamizh Kaviyae

(Ragam Dharmavati touches)

Dharmathin Thalaivan
Dhoorathil Naan Nizhalgal S. Janaki
Chinna Chinna Vanna Kuyil Mouna Ragam
O Endhan Unakkaagave Vaazhgiren
Isaiyin Deivam Maragatha Veenai
Ponvaanam Panneer Thoovuthu Indru Nee Nalai Naan
Thalampoove Kannurangu S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki, Uma Ramanan
Bhoopalam Isaikkum Thooral Ninnu Pochchu K. J. Yesudas, Uma Ramanan
Paadum Vanambadi Naan Paadum Paadal S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
Oru Kaaviam Aruvadai Naal Illayaraja
Katha Pola Thonum Veera Thalattu
Raja Magal Roja Malar Pillai Nila P. Jayachandran, S. Janaki
Adhi Kaalai Nilave Urudhi Mozhi
Anbe Vaa Arugile Kilipetchu Ketkava K. J. Yesudas, S. Janaki
Then Poove Anbulla Rajinikanth S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki
Santhana Kaatre Thanikattu Raja
Solai Poovil Malai Thenral Vellai Roja
Maanguyilae (Only till 1st half of verse) Karakattakkaran
Ennathaan Sugamo Mappillai
Maalai Ennai Vaaduthu Pookalai Pareekatheergal T. Rajendar
Roja Roja Kadhalar Dhinam A. R. Rahman P. Unnikrishnan
Vidai Kodu Engal Naadae Kannathil Muthamittal M. S. Viswanathan,Balram, Febi Mani, A. R. Reihana, Manikka Vinayagam
Malaiyorum Kuyil Inaindha Kaigal Manoj Gyan Deepan Chakravarthy,Vidhya
Sakalakala Vallavane Pammal K. Sambandam Deva Hariharan, Sujatha Mohan
Silu Silu Siluvena Kaathu

(Ragam Dharmavathi touches in Charanam)

Kizhakku Karai K. S. Chithra
Vizhiyum Vizhiyum Sadhurangam Vidyasagar Madhu Balakrishnan, Harini
Aasai Aasai(Charanam only) Dhool Shankar Mahadevan, Sujatha Mohan
Kolaikara Analatchu En Muchu Thambi Vettothi Sundaram Karthik,Kalyani
Vanvillin Vannam Thendral Sadhana Sargam
En Nenjil Baana Kaathadi Yuvan Shankar Raja
Vennmegam Pennaga Yaaradi Nee Mohini Hariharan
Aarariraro Raam K. J. Yesudas
Nijama Nijama Bose KK, Shreya Ghoshal
Kadhal Vanoli

(starting Male voice in Ragam Reethigowla)

Album Karthik Raja Sujatha Mohan, Harish Raghavendra
Penn Oruthi Gemini Bharadwaj S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
Kaadhal Mazhaiye Jay Jay Srinivas
Mailaanji Mailaanji Namma Veettu Pillai D. Imman Shreya Ghoshal, Pradeep Kumar
Sundari Penne Oru Oorla Rendu Raja Shreya Ghoshal

Language:Kannada[edit]

Song Movie/Album Composer Singer
Ennilla Enilla Upendra Gurukiran Pratima Rao
Nanenu Ballenu Ninna Nareyana Namamrutham Mahesh Mahadev Priyadarshini

Related rāgams[edit]

This section covers the theoretical and scientific aspect of this rāgam.

Gourimanohari's notes when shifted using Graha bhedam, yields 3 other major melakarta rāgams, namely, Vachaspati, Natakapriya and Charukesi. Graha bhedam is the step taken in keeping the relative note frequencies same, while shifting the shadjam to the next note in the rāgam. For further details and an illustration see Graha bhedam on Vachaspati.

Notes[edit]

  1. Alternate notations:
    • Hindustani: S R  M P D N 
    • Western: C D E F G A B C
  2. Alternate notations:
    • Hindustani:  N D P M  R S
    • Western: C B A G F E D C

References[edit]

  1. Raganidhi by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras
  2. Ragas in Carnatic music by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications