Bhoopali

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Bhoopali
ThaatKalyan
TypeAudava
Time of dayEarly night, 7-9 (the real time it is not 9-12)
ArohanaS R G P D S'
AvarohanaS' D P G R S
Pakad
  • S R G R S D1 S R G
  • S R G R S D1 S R G P G D P G R S
  • G R P G G R S R D1 S
  • G R S D1 S R G R P G D P G R S
Chalan
  • S R G R S D1 S R G
  • S R G R S D1 P1
  • P1 D1 S R G R G
  • S R P G
  • G R S R G P
  • G P D P D D S’
  • P G P D P D S’ R’ G’ R’ G’
  • G’ R’ S’ D P G R S
VadiG
SamavadiD
Synonym
  • Bhup
  • Bhup Kalyan
Equivalent

Bhoopali, also known as Bhoop, Bhopali, or Bhupali, is a Hindustani classical raga. Bhupālī, is a raag in Kalyan Thaat. It is a pentatonic scale (uses 5 notes in ascending and descending scale).[1] Most of the songs in this raga are based on Bhakti rasa. Since it uses 5 notes, belongs to the "Audav jaati" of ragas.

The same raga in Carnatic music is known as Mohanam.

Raga Bhoopali, Raga Yaman, and Raga Bhairav tend to be the three basic ragas of Hindustani music, learned first by its students.[2]

Theory[edit]

Madhuvanti Pal plays raag Bhoopali on rudra veena

Karhade (2011) explains that raga Bhopali consists of just 5 notes - सा रे ग प ध (sa, re, ga, pa and dha).[3]

It does not use Ma (also called Madhyam) and Ni (also called Nishadh).[3] It is said that the absence of Ni (representative of physical pleasure) and Ma (representative of loving) means this raga is about non-attachment.[4]

The Introduction consists of two parts – Aaroh आरोह (where the notes are simply recited on an ascending scale) and Avaroha (where the notes are simply recited on a descending order)[3]

Thereafter, with these same five notes, different combinations are made by the singer, similar to short phrases, also called "chalan".[3]

Aroha and avaroha[edit]

The scale of Bhopali uses only Shuddh swaras.

  • Aroha (ascent): Sa Re Ga Pa Dha Sa'
  • Avaroha (descent): Sa'! Dha Pa Ga Re Sa

Vadi and samavadi[edit]

Gandhar – ga

Dhaivat – Dha

Alap[edit]

  1. S, D1 D1...S, R - - S...D1 S..., D1 - - - P1, S - - - D1 S - - D1 P1, P1 D1, D1 D1 S

[5]

Pakad and chalan[edit]

The Pakad (catchphrase that often helps in identifying a raga) is:

S R G R S D1 S R G

or:

S R G R S D1 S R G P G D P G R S

or:

G R P G G R S R D1 S

or:

G R S D1 S R G R P G D P G R S

or:

G R P G S R D1 S

Some chalans (elaborations of the pakad) are:

  1. S R G R S D1 S R G
  2. S R G R S D1 P1
  3. P1 D1 S R G R G
  4. S R P G
  5. G R S R G P
  6. G P D P D D S’
  7. P G P D P D S’ R’ G’ R’ G’
  8. G’ R’ S’ D P G R S

Note: Normally written swaras (individual notes) indicate the middle octave. A swara immediately followed by 1 indicates the mandra saptak (lower octave) and ' indicates the taar saptak (higher octave).

A few movements in Bhopali are important to note. There is typically a slide when descending between Sa and Dha, as well as between Pa and Ga. These slides parallel each other and can be used to create a symmetry about how the Swaras are developed. Also, many performers will bring out the Kalyan flavor of Bhopali by using abhasi of the notes Shuddha Ni and Tivra Ma. That is to say, these notes are only vaguely suggested in passing ornaments, not actually sung for long enough for the Swara to become a clear part of the Raga. Some examples would be:

(N1)D1 S

P(m)P(m) D P

where the notes in parenthesis are connected by slides or sung as meend.

Bandish[edit]

This bandish is bound with Teentaal (16 beats).

1 2 3 4 | 5 6 7 8 | 9 10 11 12 | 13 14 15 16 |

Asthayi:

D S D2 P | G2 R2 S R2 |

G2 _ G2 P | G2 R2 S _ |

S R2 G2 P | R2 G2 P D2 |

G2 P D2 P | G2 R2 S _ |

Antara:

G2 _ G2 G2 |P _ D2 P |

S' _ S' S' |D3 R3 S' _|

G3 G3 R3 S'|R3 R3 S' D3|

S' _ D2 P |G2 R2 S _|

The Asthayi starts with the 9th beat.

Organisation and relationships[edit]

Raga Bhoopali belongs to the Kalyan Thaat.

Related ragas: Deshkar (a pentatonic raga belonging to the Bilawal Thaat with the same scale as Bhoopali). Shuddha Kalyan is another similar raga.

Samay (Time)[edit]

First part of night. 7-9

Rasa[edit]

Bhakti Rasa (Devotional)

The essence from the raga evokes the Shanti Rasa – peaceful and calming.[5]

Film songs[edit]

Bhoopali is a popular raga used in Indian folk songs, and thus in Hindi and other regional film songs.[3]

Hindi:

Marathi:

Tamil movie songs in Mohanam equivalent to Bhoopali[edit]

Song Movie Lyricist Composer Singer
"Giridhara Gopala" Meera S.V. Venkatraman M.S. Subbulakshmi
"Thillai Ambala Nadaraajaa" Soubhagyavathi Pattukkottai Kalyanasundaram Pendyala Nageswara Rao T.M. Soundararajan
"Nilavum Malarum" Then Nilavu Kannadasan A.M. Rajah A.M. Rajah, P. Susheela
"Aarumugamana Porul" Kandhan Karunai K. V. Mahadevan S. Janaki, Rajalakshmi
"Om Namasivaya" Thiruvilaiyadal Sirkazhi Govindarajan, P. Susheela
"Malargal Nanaindhana" Idhaya Kamalam P. Susheela
"Velli Mani Oosaiyil" Iru Malargal Vaali M. S. Viswanathan
"Chittukuruvikenna" Saavale Samali Kannadasan
"Iraivan Varuvan" Shanthi Nilayam
"Yaumuna Nadhi Inge" Gowaravam S.P. Balasubramaniam, P. Susheela
"Sangey Mozhangu" Kalangarai Vilakam Bharathidasan P. Susheela, Seerkazhi Govindarajan
"Thanga Thoniyile" Ulagam Sutrum Vaaliban Vaali K.J. Yesudas, P. Susheela
"Bansaye" T.M. Soundarajan, L. R. Easwari
"Kadaloram Vaangiya Kaatru" Rickshawkaaran T.M. Soundarajan
"Vanda naal mudhal" Paavamannippu Kannadasan
"Thiruchendoorin Kadalorathil Senthilnaathan" Dheivam Kunnakudi Vaidyanathan T.M. Soundararajan, Seerkazhi Govindarajan
"Neelakkadalin Oratthil" Annai Velankanni G. Devarajan T.M. Soundararajan, P. Madhuri
"Ninu Kori Varnam Isaithida" Agni Natchatram Illayaraja Chitra
"Kanmaniye Kadhal Enbadhu" Aarilirunthu Arubathu Varai S. P. Balasubhramaniam, S. Janaki
"Nilavu thoongum" Kungumachimizh
"Meenkodi Theril" Karumbhu Vil K.J. Yesudas, Jency Anthony
"Vaan Pole Vannam" Salangai Oli Vairamuthu S.P. Balasubhramaniam, S.P. Sailaja
"Oru Thanga Rathathil" Dharma Yutham Malaysia Vasudevan
"Kannan Oru kaikulanthai" Bhadrakali K.J. Yesudas, P. Susheela
"Oru Raagam" Anandha Ragam Gangai Amaran K.J. Yesudas, S. Janaki
"Geetham Sangeetham" Kokarako S.P. Balasubhramaniam
"Poovil Vandu" Kaadhal Oviyam Vairamuthu
"Ravi varman oviyamo" Puthu Vayal Aravinth
"Sivappu Lolaku" Kaadhal Kottai Deva
"Priya Priya" Kattabomman S.P. Balasubhramaniam, K.S. Chitra
"Thoonganakuruvi" Jallikattu kalai
"Nepala Malaiyoram" Thaikulame Thaikulame S.P. Balasubhramaniam, Swarnalatha
"Vellarika" Kadhal Kottai Krishnaraj
"Kadhal Kaditham" Cheran Pandiyan Soundaryan S.A. Rajkumar, Swarnalatha
"Boom Boom" Boys Kabilan A.R. Rahman Adnan Sami, Sadhana Sargam
"Porale Ponnuthayi" Karuthamma Vairamuthu Unni Menon, Sujatha Mohan
"Pakkada Pakkade" Gentleman Minmini
"Varayo Thozhi" Jeans Sonu Nigam, Harini
"Samba Samba" Lovebirds Aslam Mustafa
"Oru Kathal Enpathu" Chinna Thambi Periya Thambi Gangai Amaran S.P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki
"Kannil Aadum Roja" Captain Sirpy Swarnalatha, S.P. Balasubrahmanyam
"Unnai Ninachi" Avathara Purushan S.P. Balasubrahmanyam, K.S. Chithra
"Puthu Roja Puthiruchu" Gokulam Mano, Swarnalatha
"Mudhal Mudhalai" Varushamellam Vasantham P. Unnikrishnan, Sujatha
"Pottu Mela Pottu" Janakiraman S.P. Balasubrahmanyam, Anuradha Sriram
"Mainaave Mainaave" Thithikudhe Vidyasagar P. Unnikrishnan, Sadhana Sargam
"Rosave Rosave" Ellaichami Pulamaipithan S.A. Rajkumar Malaysia Vasudevan, K.S. Chithra
"Maname Thottal" Thottachinungi Phillip Jerry Hariharan, K.S. Chithra
"Kadhalithal Anandham" Style Bharani
"Uchi Mudhal" Sukran Vijay Antony Timmy, Gayathri
"Engeyum Kadhal" Engeyum Kadhal Thamarai Harris Jayaraj Aalap Raju, Devan Ekambaram, Ranina Reddy

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. Menon, R.R. (1973). Discovering Indian Music. Somaiya Publications. p. 50. Retrieved 26 May 2021. Some prefer the first Raga to be pentatonic in scale. Let us take for an example, the pentatonic Bhoopali. Its notes are: SA RI GA PA DHA SA up and down the scale.
  2. Pathak Yajurvedi, Dr. Sarita. "Lecture – Raag Bhopali (Edusat)". www.youtube.com. Bharti College, University of Delhi. Archived from the original on 19 December 2019. Retrieved 5 December 2016.
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Karhade, Aradhana. "Raag Bhopali (Uploaded 20 January 2011)". www.youtube.com. Karhade, A. Archived from the original on 4 October 2018. Retrieved 5 December 2016.
  4. Alain, Daniélou (2014). The Rāgas of Northern Indian music. Daniélou, Alain. (2014 ed.). New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal. ISBN 978-81-215-0225-2. OCLC 39028809.
  5. 5.0 5.1 Yagnik, Hasu (2013). Shastriya Raag Darshan. Gurjar Granthratna Karyalay. ISBN 978-81-8480-826-1.
  6. "Songs based on Raaga Bhopali". www.soundofindia.com. Sound of India. Archived from the original on 6 November 2016. Retrieved 5 December 2016.

External links[edit]

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