Pavani (raga)

Pavani
Arohanam	S R₁ G₁ M₂ P D₂ N₃ Ṡ
Avarohanam	Ṡ N₃ D₂ P M₂ G₁ R₁ S

Pavani (pronounced pāvani, meaning the purifier) is a rāgam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is the 41st melakarta rāgam in the 72 melakarta rāgam system of Carnatic music. It is called Kumbhini in Muthuswami Dikshitar school of Carnatic music.^[1]

Structure and Lakshana[edit]

Pavani scale with shadjam at C

It is the 5th rāgam in the 7th chakra Rishi. The mnemonic name is Rishi-Ma. The mnemonic phrase is sa ra ga mi pa dhi nu.^[2] Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure is as follows (see swaras in Carnatic music for details on below notation and terms):

ārohaṇa: S R₁ G₁ M₂ P D₂ N₃ Ṡ^{[lower-alpha 1]}
avarohaṇa: Ṡ N₃ D₂ P M₂ G₁ R₁ S^{[lower-alpha 2]}

The notes used in this scale are shuddha rishabham, shuddha gandharam, prati madhyamam, chathusruthi dhaivatham and kakali nishadham. It is a sampurna rāgam – a rāgam that has all seven swaras (notes). It is the prati madhyamam equivalent of Manavati, which is the 5th melakarta scale.

Film Song[edit]

Language:Tamil[edit]

Song	Movie	Composer	Singer
Paartha Vizhi	Gunaa	Illayaraja	K. J. Yesudas

Janya rāgams[edit]

Chandrajyoti is a janya rāgam (derived scale) that is associated with it, in which Thyagaraja has composed couple of songs. See List of janya rāgams for a full list of Pavani's janyas.

Film Song in Ragam Chandrajyoti[edit]

Language:Tamil[edit]

Song	Movie	Composer	Singer
Nanmai Nalgum	Ezhumalayan Magimai	Illayaraja	S. P. Balasubrahmanyam

Compositions[edit]

Sachidanandamaya by Muthuswami Dikshitar
Anjaade by Koteeswara Iyer
Jaya Dhanada Sakha by M. Balamuralikrishna

Related rāgams[edit]

This section covers the theoretical and scientific aspect of this rāgam.

Pavani's notes when shifted using Graha bhedam does not yield any other melakarta. Graha bhedam is the step taken in keeping the relative note frequencies same, while shifting the shadjam to the next note in the rāgam.

This is obvious for the 6 Rishi chakra rāgams (Salagam, Jalarnavam, Jhalavarali, Navaneetam and Raghupriya being the other 5), as they have 3 missing notes between G1 and M2. Since no other swara pair in rules of melakarta rāgams have a 3 note gap, Graha bhedam yields only invalid scales within those rules.

Film Song in Ragam Pavani[edit]

Language:Tamil[edit]

Song	Movie	Composer	Singer	Lyricist
Paartha Vizhi	Gunaa	Illayaraja	K. J. Yesudas	Vaali

Notes[edit]

↑
Alternate notations:
- Hindustani: S Ṟ R M̄ P D N Ṡ
- Western: C D♭ E F♯ G A B C
↑
Alternate notations:
- Hindustani: Ṡ N D P M̄ R Ṟ S
- Western: C B A G F♯ E D♭ C

References[edit]

↑ Sri Muthuswami Dikshitar Keertanaigal by Vidwan A Sundaram Iyer, Pub. 1989, Music Book Publishers, Mylapore, Chennai
↑ Ragas in Carnatic music by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications

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[3] Alternate notations:
Hindustani: S Ṟ R M̄ P D N Ṡ
Western: C D♭ E F♯ G A B C

[2] Hindustani: S Ṟ R M̄ P D N Ṡ

[3] Western: C D♭ E F♯ G A B C

[4] Alternate notations:
Hindustani: Ṡ N D P M̄ R Ṟ S
Western: C B A G F♯ E D♭ C

[5] Hindustani: Ṡ N D P M̄ R Ṟ S

[6] Western: C B A G F♯ E D♭ C

[dikshitar-1] Sri Muthuswami Dikshitar Keertanaigal by Vidwan A Sundaram Iyer, Pub. 1989, Music Book Publishers, Mylapore, Chennai

[ragas-2] Ragas in Carnatic music by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications

[1]

[2]

[lower-alpha 1]

[lower-alpha 2]

v t e Janya ragas
A-B	Abheri Abhogi Ahiri Amritavarshini Anandabhairavi Andolika Arabhi Asaveri Atana Bageshri Bahudari Bhairavi Bhupalam Bilahari Bowli
D-J	Darbar Darbari Kanada Devagandhari Dhanyasi Gambhiranata Garudadhvani Gaula Hamsadhvani Hamsanadam Hamsanandi Hindolam Jana Ranjani Jaunpuri
K-L	Kalyanavasantam Kambhoji Kāpi Karnataka Shuddha Saveri Kedaragaula Kedaram Khamas Lavangi
M	Madhuvanti Madhyamavati Malahari Malayamarutam Mohanakalyani Mohanam Mukhari
N-R	Nagasvaravali Nata Nattakurinji Navarasa kannada Niroshta Patmanjiri Pharaju Poornachandrika Punnagavarali Ranjani Reethigowla Revagupti Revati
S	Sahana Salaga Bhairavi Saramati Saveri Shivaranjani Shree ragam Shree ranjani Shuddha Saveri Sindhu Bhairavi Sunadavinodini
T-V	Tilang Udayaravichandrika (Shuddha Dhanyasi) Valaji Varali Vasantha Yadukulakamboji Yamunakalyani
Carnatic music Swaras Melakarta ragas Asampurna Melakarta ragas List of Janya ragas