Harikambhoji

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Harikambhoji
ArohanamS R₂ G₃ M₁ P D₂ N₂ 
Avarohanam N₂ D₂ P M₁ G₃ R₂ S
EquivalentMixolydian mode

Harikambhoji (pronounced harikāmbhōji) is a rāgam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is the 28th Melakarta rāgam (parent scale) in the 72 melakarta rāgam system.

One of the first scales employed by the ancient Tamils(3BCE) was the Mullaipann, a pentatonic scale composed of the notes sa ri ga pa da, equivalent to C, D, E, G and A in the western notations. These fully harmonic scales, constitutes the raga Mohanam in the Carnatic music style. Mullaipann further evolved into Sempaalai, a scale based on seven notes by the addition of two more notes, ma and ni to the pentatonic scale. Sempaalai pann corresponds to the Carnatic raga Harikambhoji.

Khamaj thaat of Hindustani Music is the equivalent to this rāgam.[1][2] It is known as Harikedāragowla in the Muthuswami Dikshitar school of music.[1][2]

In Western music, Mixolydian mode is this raga's equivalent

Structure and Lakshana[edit]

Harikambhoji scale with Shadjam at C

It is the 4th rāgam in the 5th chakra Bana. The mnemonic name is Bana-Bhu. The mnemonic phrase is sa ri ga ma pa dha ni sa.[1] Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure is as follows (see swaras in Carnatic music for details on below notation and terms):

(notes used in this scale are chatushruti rishabham, antara gandharam, shuddha madhyamam, chatushruti daivatam, kaishiki nishadham)

It is a sampoorna rāgam – rāgam having all 7 swarams. It is the shuddha madhyamam equivalent of Vachaspati, which is the 64th melakarta.

Janya rāgams[edit]

Harikambhoji has a lot of janya rāgams (derived rāgams) associated with it, of which Kambhoji is by far the most famous and frequently sung in concerts. The globally famous pentatonic scale Mohanam is also considered a janya of this rāgam. Andolika[2] (also considered as janya of Kharaharapriya), Kamas, Pashupatipriya, Kedaragaula, Natakurinji, Navarasa kannada, Sahana, Senchuruti, Suruti , Sudhasaveri, Kamas and Yadukula kambhoji are also very popular janyas.

See List of janya rāgams for a full list of Harikambhoji's janya rāgams.

Compositions[edit]

Among the Trinity of Carnatic music, only Thyagaraja has composed songs in Harikambhoji. He has composed the popular kritis Ramanannu brovara, Entara Neethana, Nenendhu Vedakudhura, Enduku Nirdaya, Undedi Ramudu, Chanithodi, Dinamani Vamsha amongst many others.

Papanasam Sivan has composed Enadhu manam kavalai, Pamalaikkinai Undo and Paadamalar Tunaiye which are popularly performed among other kritis.

Other popular compositions include: Muruga Tirumal Maruga by Thanjavur Sankara Iyer, Saketha Nagara Natha by Mysore Sadashiva Rao, Rama na Moralincara by Walajapet Venkataramana Bhagavatar, Vinata Suta Vahanudai by KV Srinivasa Iyengar, Karomi smaranam shashanka-vadanam by Ashok R Madhav.

Film Songs[edit]

Language:Tamil[edit]

Song Movie Year Composer Singer
Gnayiru Enbathu Kaakum Karangal 1965 K. V. Mahadevan T. M. Soundararajan, P. Susheela
Kalviya Selvama Veerama Saraswati Sabatham 1966 T. M. Soundararajan
Sathiyame Latchiyamai Neelamalai Thirudan 1957
Ennirandhu 16 Vayathu Annai Illam 1963
Anbulla Maanvizhiye Kuzhandaiyum Deivamum 1965 M. S. Viswanathan
Ore Padal Unnai Azhaikkum Engirundho Vandhaal 1970
Sumaithaangi Saaindhaal Thanga Pathakkam 1974
Mellapo Mellapo Kaavalkaaran 1967 T. M. Soundararajan, P. Susheela
Kungamapottin Mangalam Kudiyirundha Koyil 1968
Vizhiye Vizhiye Puthiya Bhoomi 1968
Acham Enbadhu Madamaiyada Mannadhi Mannan 1960 Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy T. M. Soundararajan
Malargalai Pol Thangai Pasamalar 1961
Kelvi Piranthathu Pachai Vilakku 1964
Silar Siripaar Silar Azhuvaar Paava Mannippu 1961
Kalangalil Aval Vasantham P. B. Sreenivas
Anbumanam Kanindhapinne Aalukkoru Veedu 1960 P. B. Sreenivas, P. Susheela
Unnai Ondru Ketpen Puthiya Paravai 1964 P. Susheela
Athaimadi Methaiyadi Karpagam 1963
Muthana Muthallavo Nenjil Or Aalayam 1962
Kavalaigal Kidakattum Bandha Pasam 1962 T. M. Soundararajan, P. B. Sreenivas
Odam Nadhiyinile Kathiruntha Kangal 1962 Sirkazhi Govindarajan
Devankoyil Maniyosai Mani Osai 1963
Thookam Un Kangalai Aalayamani 1962 S. Janaki
Ammavuku Manasukulle Manapanthal 1961 S. C. Krishnan
Amaithiyaana Nathiyinile Aandavan Kattalai 1964 T. M. Soundararajan, P. Susheela
Naan Malarodu Thaniyaga Iru Vallavargal 1966 Vedha
Naane Naana Azhage Unnai Aarathikkiren 1979 Ilayaraja Vani Jairam
Manasukkulle Nayana Mallu Vetti Minor 1990 Arunmozhi, S. Janaki
Megam Karukayilae Vaidehi Kathirunthal 1984 Ilayaraja, Uma Ramanan
Nadhi Odum Karaiyoram Aavarampoo 1992 S. Janaki
Mandhiram Idhu K. J. Yesudas
Kanavu Kaanum Neengal Kettavai 1984
Pottu Vaitha Oru Vatta Nila Idhayam 1991
Pazhamuthir Cholai Varusham Padhinaaru 1989
Adi Kaana Karunkuyile Poonthotta Kaavalkaaran 1988
Vaana Malai Idhu Namma Bhoomi 1992
Eduthu Vecha Ninaive Oru Sangeetham 1987 S. Janaki, S. P. Balasubramaniam(Pathos)
Sandhu Pottu Thevar Magan 1992 S. P. Balasubramaniam, Kamal Haasan
Enna Paada Sollathey Aan Paavam 1985 S. Janaki
Chinna Kuyil Paadum Pattu Poove Poochooda Vaa K. S. Chitra
Thenmadurai Seemaiyile Thangamana Raasa 1989
Oru Naal Oru Kanavu Kannukkul Nilavu 2000 K. J. Yesudas, Anuradha Sriram
Thendral Varum Friends 2001 Hariharan, Bhavatharini
Adukku Malli Yeduthu Aavarampoo 1992 S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki
Ennavendru Solvathamma Rajakumaran 1994 S. P. Balasubramaniam
En Kadhale Duet 1994 A. R. Rahman
Chinna Chinna Aasai(Shankarabaranam traces too) Roja 1992 Minmini
Uyire Uyire(charanam in Charukesi) Bombay 1995 Hariharan, K.S. Chitra
Kannukku Mai Azhagu Pudhiya Mugam 1993 Unni Menon, P. Susheela
Maya Machindra Indian 1996 S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Swarnalatha
Mana Madurai Minsara Kanavu 1997 Unni Menon, K. S. Chitra, Srinivas
Nenje Nenje Ratchagan K. J. Yesudas, Sadhana Sargam
Adi Nenthikkitten Star 2001 Karthik, Chitra Sivaraman
Sandakkozhi Aaytha Ezhuthu 2004 Madhushree, A. R. Rahman
Kummi Adi Sillunu Oru Kaadhal 2006 Sirkazhi G. Sivachidambaram, Swarnalatha, Naresh Iyer, Theni Kunjarammal, Vignesh, Chorus
Maduraikku Pogathadee Azhagiya Tamil Magan 2007 Benny Dayal, Archith, Darshana KT
Aathangara Marame Kizhakku Cheemayile 1993 Mano, Sujatha Mohan
Meena Ponnu Nattamai 1994 Sirpy
Kambangade Kambangade Vaaname Ellai 1992 Maragadha Mani Maragadha Mani, K. S. Chithra
Vannathi Poochi Paatti Sollai Thattathe 1988 Chandrabose S. P. Balasubramaniam, K. S. Chithra
Aathu Mettu Thopukulle Manasukketha Maharasa 1989 Deva S. P. Balasubramaniam, P. Susheela
Vayakkaadu Parambarai 1996 Mano, K. S. Chithra
Kannukulle Dhill 2001 Vidyasagar Manikka Vinayagam
Lesa Lesa Lesa Lesa 2003 Harris Jayaraj Anuradha Sriram
Thuli Thuliyai (Ragamalika: Harikambhoji, Bageshri) Ramanujan 2014 Ramesh Vinayakam Ramesh Vinayakam, Kaushiki Chakrabarty, Vinaya

Language:Malayalam[edit]

Song Movie Year Composer Singer
Karmukil Varnante Nandanam (film) 2002 Raveendran K. S. Chithra(Kerala State Film Awards)

Related rāgams[edit]

This section covers the theoretical and scientific aspect of this rāgam.

Harikambhoji's notes when shifted using Graha bhedam, yields 5 other major melakarta rāgams, namely, Kalyani, Sankarabharanam, Natabhairavi, Kharaharapriya and Hanumatodi. For further details and an illustration refer related rāgams section in Shankarabharanam page.

Notes[edit]

  1. Alternate notations:
    • Hindustani: S R G M P D  
    • Western: C D E F G A B C
  2. Alternate notations:
    • Hindustani:   D P M G R S
    • Western: C B A G F E D C

References[edit]

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 Ragas in Carnatic music by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 Raganidhi by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras