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Harikambhoji (pronounced harikāmbhōji) is a rāgam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is the 28th Melakarta rāgam (parent scale) in the 72 melakarta rāgam system.
One of the first scales employed by the ancient Tamils(3BCE) was the Mullaipann , a pentatonic scale composed of the notes sa ri ga pa da , equivalent to C, D, E, G and A in the western notations. These fully harmonic scales, constitutes the raga Mohanam in the Carnatic music style. Mullaipann further evolved into Sempaalai , a scale based on seven notes by the addition of two more notes, ma and ni to the pentatonic scale. Sempaalai pann corresponds to the Carnatic raga Harikambhoji.
Khamaj thaat of Hindustani Music is the equivalent to this rāgam.[1] [2] It is known as Harikedāragowla in the Muthuswami Dikshitar school of music.[1] [2]
In Western music, Mixolydian mode is this raga's equivalent
Structure and Lakshana [ edit ]
Harikambhoji scale with Shadjam at C
It is the 4th rāgam in the 5th chakra Bana . The mnemonic name is Bana-Bhu . The mnemonic phrase is sa ri ga ma pa dha ni sa .[1] Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure is as follows (see swaras in Carnatic music for details on below notation and terms):
(notes used in this scale are chatushruti rishabham, antara gandharam, shuddha madhyamam, chatushruti daivatam, kaishiki nishadham )
It is a sampoorna rāgam – rāgam having all 7 swarams . It is the shuddha madhyamam equivalent of Vachaspati , which is the 64th melakarta .
Janya rāgams[ edit ]
Harikambhoji has a lot of janya rāgams (derived rāgams) associated with it, of which Kambhoji is by far the most famous and frequently sung in concerts. The globally famous pentatonic scale Mohanam is also considered a janya of this rāgam. Andolika [2] (also considered as janya of Kharaharapriya ), Kamas , Pashupatipriya ,
Kedaragaula , Natakurinji , Navarasa kannada , Sahana , Senchuruti , Suruti , Sudhasaveri , Kamas and Yadukula kambhoji are also very popular janyas.
See List of janya rāgams for a full list of Harikambhoji's janya rāgams.
Compositions [ edit ]
Among the Trinity of Carnatic music, only Thyagaraja has composed songs in Harikambhoji . He has composed the popular kritis Ramanannu brovara , Entara Neethana , Nenendhu Vedakudhura , Enduku Nirdaya , Undedi Ramudu , Chanithodi , Dinamani Vamsha amongst many others.
Papanasam Sivan has composed Enadhu manam kavalai , Pamalaikkinai Undo and Paadamalar Tunaiye which are popularly performed among other kritis.
Other popular compositions include:
Muruga Tirumal Maruga by Thanjavur Sankara Iyer , Saketha Nagara Natha by Mysore Sadashiva Rao , Rama na Moralincara by Walajapet Venkataramana Bhagavatar , Vinata Suta Vahanudai by KV Srinivasa Iyengar , Karomi smaranam shashanka-vadanam by Ashok R Madhav .
Film Songs [ edit ]
Song
Movie
Year
Composer
Singer
Gnayiru Enbathu
Kaakum Karangal
1965
K. V. Mahadevan
T. M. Soundararajan , P. Susheela
Kalviya Selvama Veerama
Saraswati Sabatham
1966
T. M. Soundararajan
Sathiyame Latchiyamai
Neelamalai Thirudan
1957
Ennirandhu 16 Vayathu
Annai Illam
1963
Anbulla Maanvizhiye
Kuzhandaiyum Deivamum
1965
M. S. Viswanathan
Ore Padal Unnai Azhaikkum
Engirundho Vandhaal
1970
Sumaithaangi Saaindhaal
Thanga Pathakkam
1974
Mellapo Mellapo
Kaavalkaaran
1967
T. M. Soundararajan , P. Susheela
Kungamapottin Mangalam
Kudiyirundha Koyil
1968
Vizhiye Vizhiye
Puthiya Bhoomi
1968
Acham Enbadhu Madamaiyada
Mannadhi Mannan
1960
Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy
T. M. Soundararajan
Malargalai Pol Thangai
Pasamalar
1961
Kelvi Piranthathu
Pachai Vilakku
1964
Silar Siripaar Silar Azhuvaar
Paava Mannippu
1961
Kalangalil Aval Vasantham
P. B. Sreenivas
Anbumanam Kanindhapinne
Aalukkoru Veedu
1960
P. B. Sreenivas , P. Susheela
Unnai Ondru Ketpen
Puthiya Paravai
1964
P. Susheela
Athaimadi Methaiyadi
Karpagam
1963
Muthana Muthallavo
Nenjil Or Aalayam
1962
Kavalaigal Kidakattum
Bandha Pasam
1962
T. M. Soundararajan , P. B. Sreenivas
Odam Nadhiyinile
Kathiruntha Kangal
1962
Sirkazhi Govindarajan
Devankoyil Maniyosai
Mani Osai
1963
Thookam Un Kangalai
Aalayamani
1962
S. Janaki
Ammavuku Manasukulle
Manapanthal
1961
S. C. Krishnan
Amaithiyaana Nathiyinile
Aandavan Kattalai
1964
T. M. Soundararajan , P. Susheela
Naan Malarodu Thaniyaga
Iru Vallavargal
1966
Vedha
Naane Naana
Azhage Unnai Aarathikkiren
1979
Ilayaraja
Vani Jairam
Manasukkulle Nayana
Mallu Vetti Minor
1990
Arunmozhi , S. Janaki
Megam Karukayilae
Vaidehi Kathirunthal
1984
Ilayaraja , Uma Ramanan
Nadhi Odum Karaiyoram
Aavarampoo
1992
S. Janaki
Mandhiram Idhu
K. J. Yesudas
Kanavu Kaanum
Neengal Kettavai
1984
Pottu Vaitha Oru Vatta Nila
Idhayam
1991
Pazhamuthir Cholai
Varusham Padhinaaru
1989
Adi Kaana Karunkuyile
Poonthotta Kaavalkaaran
1988
Vaana Malai
Idhu Namma Bhoomi
1992
Eduthu Vecha
Ninaive Oru Sangeetham
1987
S. Janaki , S. P. Balasubramaniam (Pathos)
Sandhu Pottu
Thevar Magan
1992
S. P. Balasubramaniam , Kamal Haasan
Enna Paada Sollathey
Aan Paavam
1985
S. Janaki
Chinna Kuyil Paadum Pattu
Poove Poochooda Vaa
K. S. Chitra
Thenmadurai Seemaiyile
Thangamana Raasa
1989
Oru Naal Oru Kanavu
Kannukkul Nilavu
2000
K. J. Yesudas , Anuradha Sriram
Thendral Varum
Friends
2001
Hariharan , Bhavatharini
Adukku Malli Yeduthu
Aavarampoo
1992
S. P. Balasubrahmanyam , S. Janaki
Ennavendru Solvathamma
Rajakumaran
1994
S. P. Balasubramaniam
En Kadhale
Duet
1994
A. R. Rahman
Chinna Chinna Aasai(Shankarabaranam traces too)
Roja
1992
Minmini
Uyire Uyire(charanam in Charukesi)
Bombay
1995
Hariharan , K.S. Chitra
Kannukku Mai Azhagu
Pudhiya Mugam
1993
Unni Menon , P. Susheela
Maya Machindra
Indian
1996
S. P. Balasubrahmanyam , Swarnalatha
Mana Madurai
Minsara Kanavu
1997
Unni Menon , K. S. Chitra , Srinivas
Nenje Nenje
Ratchagan
K. J. Yesudas , Sadhana Sargam
Adi Nenthikkitten
Star
2001
Karthik , Chitra Sivaraman
Sandakkozhi
Aaytha Ezhuthu
2004
Madhushree , A. R. Rahman
Kummi Adi
Sillunu Oru Kaadhal
2006
Sirkazhi G. Sivachidambaram , Swarnalatha , Naresh Iyer , Theni Kunjarammal , Vignesh, Chorus
Maduraikku Pogathadee
Azhagiya Tamil Magan
2007
Benny Dayal , Archith, Darshana KT
Aathangara Marame
Kizhakku Cheemayile
1993
Mano , Sujatha Mohan
Meena Ponnu
Nattamai
1994
Sirpy
Kambangade Kambangade
Vaaname Ellai
1992
Maragadha Mani
Maragadha Mani , K. S. Chithra
Vannathi Poochi
Paatti Sollai Thattathe
1988
Chandrabose
S. P. Balasubramaniam , K. S. Chithra
Aathu Mettu Thopukulle
Manasukketha Maharasa
1989
Deva
S. P. Balasubramaniam , P. Susheela
Vayakkaadu
Parambarai
1996
Mano , K. S. Chithra
Kannukulle
Dhill
2001
Vidyasagar
Manikka Vinayagam
Lesa Lesa
Lesa Lesa
2003
Harris Jayaraj
Anuradha Sriram
Thuli Thuliyai (Ragamalika: Harikambhoji, Bageshri )
Ramanujan
2014
Ramesh Vinayakam
Ramesh Vinayakam , Kaushiki Chakrabarty , Vinaya
Related rāgams [ edit ]
This section covers the theoretical and scientific aspect of this rāgam.
Harikambhoji's notes when shifted using Graha bhedam , yields 5 other major melakarta rāgams, namely, Kalyani , Sankarabharanam , Natabhairavi , Kharaharapriya and Hanumatodi . For further details and an illustration refer related rāgams section in Shankarabharanam page .
↑ Alternate notations:Hindustani: S R G M P D Ṉ Ṡ Western: C D E F G A B♭ C
↑ Alternate notations:Hindustani: Ṡ Ṉ D P M G R S Western: C B♭ A G F E D C
References [ edit ]
↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Ragas in Carnatic music by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications
↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Raganidhi by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras
Shuddha Madhyama Ragas
Indu chakraNetra chakra Agni chakra Veda chakra Bana chakra Ritu chakra
Prati Madhyama Ragas