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Legislative Assembly elections are scheduled to be held in Karnataka before May 2023 to elect all 224 members of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly.
Background
The tenure of Karnataka Legislative Assembly is scheduled to end on 24 May 2023.[1] The previous assembly elections were held in May 2018. After the election, coalition of Janata Dal (Secular) and Indian National Congress formed the state government, with H. D. Kumaraswamy becoming Chief Minister.[2]
Political developments
In July 2019, the coalition government collapsed due to resignations by several members of INC and JD(S) in the assembly.[3] Subsequently, Bharatiya Janata Party formed the state government, with B. S. Yediyurappa becoming Chief Minister.[4]
On 26 July 2021, Yediyurappa resigned from Chief Minister's post[5] and Basavaraj Bommai was sworn in as the new Chief Minister on 28 July 2021.[6]
On 19 February 2023, BJP leader H.D. Thammaiah joined Congress along with his supporters.[7][8] On 9 March 2023, BJP MLC Puttanna joined INC giving another shock to BJP.[9]
Schedule
| Poll Event | Schedule |
|---|---|
| Notification Date | TBD |
| Last Date for filing nomination | TBD |
| Scrutiny of nomination | TBD |
| Last Date for Withdrawal of nomination | TBD |
| Date of Poll | TBD |
| Date of Counting of Votes | TBD |
Voting
Voter statistics
5.21 crore people, including 2.59 women, are registered to vote. 16,976 centenarians, 4,699 transgender voters, and 9.17 lakh first-time voters are also included in the total. Moreover, 5.55 lakh voters are disabled and 12.15 lakh voters are over the age of 80. (PWD). "The ECI will offer the facilities to those above the age of 80 for the first time. [10]
polling stations
The state has 58,272 polling stations, including 24,063 in urban areas. Of these, 1,320 are women managed, 224 are youth managed and 224 are PWD managed. There will be webcasting in 29,141 polling stations, and 1,200 are critical. Most of the polling stations are in schools, which will have permanent water, electricity, toilet and ramps. This is a gift from the ECI to the schools and to the school children. [10]
Voter data scam
The National Congress made allegations that an NGO in Bengaluru had amassed voter personal data, including caste, age, gender, work and education information, Aadhar cards, phone numbers, and more. [11][12]
Issues
Belagavi border dispute
Tensions concerning the Belagavi border dispute intensified in early December 2022 as a delegation of Maharashtra politicians proposed to travel to Belagavi district to demand the merger of some villages in Karnataka with Maharashtra, with politicians from Maharashtra making provocative statements.[13][14][15] The border row escalated into violence after vehicles from both states were attacked and damaged in Belgaon and Pune in mid-December.[16]
No survey or media reports have indicated yet, if it is going to be a significant election issue. Former Union Minister, and Vijayapura MP Ramesh Jigajinagi said that Maharashtra's political leaders are in sleepy mood all the time, but whenever the elections come, they try to create a political conspiracy by raking up the border dispute in Karnataka. [17]
Corruption
In July 2021, D. Kempanna, president of the Karnataka State Contractors' Association wrote to Prime Minister Narendra Modi alleging large-scale corruption in the award and implementation of civil contracts in Karnataka. In the letter, he alleged that contractors were being forced to pay a 40% commission to officials at the BJP government, cutting across departments, for projects.[18]
Contractor Santhosh Patil (aged 40) who accused then-state cabinet minister K. S. Eshwarappa of harassing him for commissions committed suicide at Shambhavi Hotel in Udupi on 12 April 2022. He alleged that the BJP leader had been harassing him for commissions to clear the bills for contracts he had implemented for the government over a year ago.[19] Eshwarappa had to resign as cabinet minister following the incident.[20]
In August 2022, two associations representing 13,000 schools in Karnataka wrote to Prime Minister Narendra Modi accusing the Basavaraj Bommai-led BJP government of corruption. "Unscientific, irrational, discriminatory and noncompliance norms are applied to only unaided private schools and huge corruption is in place," the letter read. The school associations urged PM Modi to look into the allegations and launch an inquiry into the affairs of the Karnataka education ministry.[21]
In order to "expose" the ruling BJP in Karnataka, the opposition Congress party has determined to make the Bitcoin scam an election issue in the 2023 elections.[22][23]
When the merchandise was exported via Goa, depriving Karnataka of its tax revenue, the state exchequer lost roughly Rs 60 crore while the excise scam cost about Rs 200 crore, according to Priyank Kharge.[24]
Communal Tensions
According to political analysts Phani Rajanna and Sandeep Shastri, with Karnataka polls nearing, the BJP is raking up more and more communal issues to divide people and polarise the votes. This has been shown by communal tensions started by right-wing Hindutva groups on hijab, halal, azan, boycott of Muslim-run shops, and moral policing of Muslims and Christians, which have been linked to the Bommai government.[25]
The BJP has focused its campaign around communal issues,[26] drawing stark criticism from the opposition Congress, which accused it of neglecting governance issues.[27]
Reservation controversy
The BJP is preparing for a fight in the Karnataka elections. Caste politics have once again risen to the forefront following the just completed elections in five states. The tone for the assembly elections the next year is being set by the regrouping of various caste lobbies in their fight for reservation.[28] [29] [30][31]
Farm laws
While various caste groups are working to make the controversial farm rules that the government passed two years ago the main topic for the forthcoming assembly elections, farmer organisations are getting ready to resurrect the issue.[32][33][34][35]
Parties and alliances
Bharatiya Janata Party
| No. | Party | Flag | Symbol | Leader | Photo | Seats Contested |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Bharatiya Janata Party | File:BJP flag.svg | File:Lotos flower symbol.svg | Basavaraj S. Bommai | File:BasavarajBommai.jpg | TBD |
Indian National Congress
| No. | Party | Flag | Symbol | Leader | Photo | Seats Contested |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Indian National Congress | 
|
|
Siddaramaiah | 
|
TBD |
Janata Dal (Secular)
| No. | Party | Flag | Symbol | Leader | Photo | Seats Contested |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Janata Dal (Secular) | _Flag.png){kind=small}
|
|
H. D. Kumaraswamy | 
|
93 declared |
Left Democratic Front
| No. | Party[36][37] | Flag | Symbol | Leader | Seats Contested |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Communist Party of India (Marxist) | 
|
|
U. Basavaraj | TBD |
| 2. | Communist Party of India | 
|
|
Saathi Sundaresh[38] | 5 (declared)[39] |
| 3. | Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation | 
|
|
Clifton D' Rozario | TBD |
| 4. | All India Forward Bloc | 
|
|
Nagaratna | TBD |
| 5. | Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist) | 
|
K. Uma | TBD | |
| 6. | Republican Party of India | 
|
R. Mohan Raj | TBD | |
| 7. | Swaraj India | Veersangayya | TBD |
Others
| No. | Party | Flag | Symbol | Leader | Seats Contested |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Bahujan Samaj Party | 
|
 |
M. Krishnamurthy[40] | TBD |
| 2. | Nationalist Congress Party | 
|
 |
Hari R[41] | TBD |
| 3. | National People's Party | 
|
 |
Prabhu Bosco[42] | TBD |
| 4. | Aam Aadmi Party | .svg){kind=logo}
|
 |
Prithvi Reddy[43] | TBD |
| 5. | Janata Dal (United) | _Flag.svg){kind=small}
|
 |
Mahima Patel[44] | TBD |
| 6. | All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen | 
|
 |
TBD[45] | TBD |
| 7. | Hindu Mahasabha | 
|
 |
Rajesh Pavithran[46] | TBD |
| 8. | Uttama Prajakeeya Party | 
|
Upendra [47] | TBD | |
| 9. | Kalyana Rajya Pragathi Paksha | G. Janardhana Reddy[48] | TBD | ||
| 10. | Social Democratic Party of India | 
|
M K faizy[49] | TBD |
Candidates
JD(S) released the first list of 93 candidates on 19 December 2022.[50]
Campaigns
Bharatiya Janata Party
Karnataka chief minister Basavaraj Bommai and former chief minister B. S. Yediyurappa started the "Jana Sankalpa Yatra" for the Bharatiya Janata Party on 11 October 2022, coinciding with the Bharat Jodo Yatra of Congress' Rahul Gandhi in the state. The yatra would cover 52 assembly constituencies.[52]
On 3 January 2023, BJP Karnataka state president Nalin Kumar Kateel in a party meet at Mangalore said that people should prioritise the issue of "love jihad" over "road, gutter, drain and other small issues".[53] Several state BJP leaders expressed unhappiness over the remarks and felt that it would not help the party cause.[54]
Indian National Congress
The Indian National Congress kickstarted its campaign with the entry of the Bharat Jodo Yatra[55] in Karnataka on 30 September 2022. The yatra had huge crowds throughout the state,[56][57] galvanising the party cadre and increasing morale of party workers, according to political experts.[58] Police started cracking down on Congress' PayCM campaign against the alleged corruption in the Bommai ministry upon the entry of the Bharat Jodo Yatra.[59] In the yatra, Rahul Gandhi stressed issues such as the handling of the COVID-19 pandemic by the state BJP government[60] and the importance of regional languages, especially Kannada.[61]
In September 2022, the Congress set up QR codes of "PayCM" in many parts of Bengaluru. These posters had Karnataka CM Basavaraj Bommai's dotted face with the caption "40% Accepted Here...Scan this QR code to make CM PAY for Corruption" as a knockoff of the QR code of Paytm. These posters referred to the allegations that Bommai's BJP government took bribes in awarding public contracts and recruitments.[62] These QR codes took scanners to a website people could report corruption and make complains at a designated website.[63]
Manifesto
A 10-point platform for the Coastal region was released by the Congress Party for the Assembly elections. It focuses on generating employment, luring capital, growing tourism, and fostering social peace.[64]
Janata Dal (Secular)
The Janata Dal (Secular) kickstarted the Pancharatna Yatra in Mulabagilu on 1 November 2022.[65] A road campaign across the Old Mysore region, it has been witnessing a huge turnout in the southern region of the state.[66]
Polls
Opinion polls
| Polling firm/Commissioner | Sample Size | Date published | Lead | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| INC | BJP | JD(S) | Others | ||||
| South First-Political Pulse[67] | 4,585 | 4 January 2023 | 40% | 34% | 16% | 3% | 4% |
| Lok Poll[68] | 45,000 | 10 March 2023 | 39-42% | 33-36% | 15-18% | 6-9% | 6% |
| Polling firm/Commissioner | Sample Size | Date published | Majority | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| INC | BJP | JD(S) | Others | ||||
| South First-Political Pulse[67] | 4,585 | 4 January 2023 | 101 | 91 | 29 | 3 | Hung |
| Lok Poll[69] | 45,000 | 10 March 2023 | 116-122 | 77-83 | 21-27 | 1-4 | INC |
Results
Result by Party
| Party | Popular vote | Seats | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | ±pp | Contested | Won | +/− | ||||
| Indian National Congress | |||||||||
| Bharatiya Janata Party | |||||||||
| Janata Dal (Secular) | |||||||||
| Communist Party of India (Marxist) | |||||||||
| Bahujan Samaj Party | |||||||||
| Communist Party of India | |||||||||
| Nationalist Congress Party | |||||||||
| Aam Aadmi Party | |||||||||
| Independents | |||||||||
| Others | |||||||||
| NOTA | |||||||||
| Total | 100% | ||||||||
| Valid votes | |||||||||
| Invalid votes | |||||||||
| Votes cast/ turnout | |||||||||
| Abstentions | |||||||||
| Registered voters | |||||||||
Results by division
| Division | Seats | INC | BJP | JD(S) | Others |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belagavi | 56 | ||||
| Kalaburagi | 41 | ||||
| Bangalore | 78 | ||||
| Mysore | 49 | ||||
| Total | 224 |
Results by district
| Division | District | Seats | INC | BJP | JD(S) | Others |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belagavi | Bagalkot | 7 | ||||
| Belagavi | 18 | |||||
| Dharwad | 7 | |||||
| Gadag | 4 | |||||
| Haveri | 6 | |||||
| Uttara Kannada | 6 | |||||
| Vijayapura | 8 | |||||
| Kalaburagi | Ballary | 5 | ||||
| Bidar | 6 | |||||
| Kalaburagi | 9 | |||||
| Koppal | 5 | |||||
| Raichur | 7 | |||||
| Vijayanagara | 5 | |||||
| Yadigr | 4 | |||||
| Bangalore | Bangalore Urban | 28 | ||||
| Bangalore Rural | 4 | |||||
| Chikkaballapura | 5 | |||||
| Chitradurga | 6 | |||||
| Davanagere | 7 | |||||
| Kolar | 6 | |||||
| Ramanagara | 4 | |||||
| Shimoga | 7 | |||||
| Tumakuru | 11 | |||||
| Mysore | Chamarajanagar | 4 | ||||
| Chikmagalur | 5 | |||||
| Dakshina Kannada | 8 | |||||
| Hassan | 7 | |||||
| Kodagu | 2 | |||||
| Mandya | 7 | |||||
| Mysore | 11 | |||||
| Udupi | 5 | |||||
| Total | 224 | |||||
Results by constituency
See also
- 2023 elections in India
- Elections in Karnataka
- Caste politics in Karnataka
- Operation Kamala in Karnataka
- 2019 Karnataka political crisis
Further reading
External links
References
- ↑ "Terms of the Houses". Election Commission of India. Retrieved 3 October 2021.
- ↑ "Karnataka highlights: H.D. Kumaraswamy sworn in as chief minister". mint. 23 May 2018. Retrieved 19 January 2022.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ↑ "Congress-JD(S) coalition government loses trust vote in Karnataka". mint. 24 July 2019. Retrieved 13 February 2022.
- ↑ "Yediyurappa takes oath as Karnataka CM for fourth time, to face crucial floor test on Monday". The Indian Express. 26 July 2019. Retrieved 13 February 2022.
- ↑ "Karnataka CM B.S. Yediyurappa submits resignation to Governor". The Hindu. Special Correspondent. 26 July 2021. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 13 February 2022.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: others (link) - ↑ "Basavaraj Bommai sworn in as the new Chief Minister of Karnataka". The Indian Express. 28 July 2021. Retrieved 13 February 2022.
- ↑ Bureau, ABP News (19 February 2023). "Karnataka: Ahead Of Assembly Election, BJP Leader HD Thammaiah And His Supporters Join Congress". news.abplive.com.
{{cite web}}:|last=has generic name (help) - ↑ "Massive Jolt BJP In Karnataka Ahead Of Polls | HD Thammaiah Set To Join Congress | English News". MSN.
- ↑ "My conscience was killing me: Karnataka BJP MLC Puttana joins Congress". MSN.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 "17,000 Voters Above 100 Yrs, 'Poll at Home' for 80+: EC Details Karnataka's 'Record' Amid Election Preps". News18. 11 March 2023.
- ↑ "Collection of personal details and deletion of lakhs of voters – What is the voters' data theft controversy in Bengaluru?". The Indian Express. 20 November 2022. Retrieved 1 March 2023.
- ↑ B.P, Darshan Devaiah (30 November 2022). "Explained | What is the Karnataka voter data theft case?". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 1 March 2023.
- ↑ "Will enter Karnataka like China entered...: Sanjay Raut on Belagavai border row". India Today. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
- ↑ "We are with Marathi-speaking people in Belagavi: Shinde-Fadnavis govt". Deccan Herald. 19 December 2022. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
- ↑ Henry, Nikhila (9 December 2022). "BJP vs BJP: Border Dispute Between Karnataka, Maharashtra May Benefit JD(S)". TheQuint. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
- ↑ "Karnataka-Maharashtra border dispute intensifies: 10 things to know". mint. 19 December 2022. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
- ↑ Badiger, Ashwini (30 December 2022). "Vijayapura: 'Border issue is Maharashtra's election gimmick'".
- ↑ "Bengaluru: Forced to pay 50% commissions for projects, say corporation contractors". The Indian Express. 24 August 2022. Archived from the original on 7 January 2023. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
{{cite web}}:|archive-date=/|archive-url=timestamp mismatch; 1 October 2022 suggested (help) - ↑ "Contractor who raised graft allegation against Karnataka minister K S Eshwarappa found dead". The Indian Express. 12 April 2022. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
- ↑ "40% commissions charge gathers steam, Karnataka BJP tries to fend off heat". The Indian Express. 1 September 2022. Archived from the original on 1 July 2022. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
{{cite web}}:|archive-date=/|archive-url=timestamp mismatch; 22 December 2022 suggested (help) - ↑ "In Letter To PM, 13,000 Schools Accuse Karnataka Government Of Corruption". NDTV.com. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
- ↑ Service, Indo-Asian News (16 November 2021). "Congress to make Bitcoin scandal an election issue in Karnataka". The Siasat Daily.
- ↑ "Hacking gang at heart of Karnataka Bitcoin scandal tried to steal Rs 46 crore from state e-governance unit". 15 November 2021.
- ↑ "Congress accuses Karnataka govt of new Rs 200 crore scam". The Times of India. 1 March 2023. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 3 March 2023.
- ↑ "Experts in Karnataka link hijab, halal row to 2023 assembly polls". Hindustan Times. 6 April 2022. Retrieved 10 March 2023.
- ↑ "Karnataka: As state BJP unit raises pitch over hijab-halal, talks of early elections". The Indian Express. 31 March 2022. Retrieved 10 March 2023.
- ↑ Correspondent, Special (4 April 2022). "'BJP's communal politics is a disgrace to Karnataka'". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 10 March 2023.
{{cite news}}:|last=has generic name (help) - ↑ http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/90241746.cms
- ↑ https://vijaykarnataka.com/news/karnataka/vokkaliga-community-demanding-for-reservation/articleshow/95158863.cms
- ↑ https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/bengaluru-news/political-gimmick-cong-on-karnataka-govt-creating-two-new-obccategories-101672425911553.html
- ↑ https://www.news18.com/news/elections/karnataka-elections-2023-why-quota-politics-is-key-to-forming-govt-in-the-state-6979579.html
- ↑ "Ryots to mount pressure on Karnataka govt to repeal farm laws". The Times of India. 30 January 2023. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 17 March 2023.
- ↑ Grover, Samarth (30 January 2023). "'Main Election Issue': Karnataka Farmers To Protest Before Assembly Session". TheQuint. Retrieved 17 March 2023.
- ↑ "Siddaramaiah asks BJP government in Ktaka to repeal two agriculture laws introduced last year - Articles". ZEE5. 20 November 2021. Retrieved 17 March 2023.
- ↑ Thomas, Bellie (31 January 2023). "Karnataka farmers want 'anti-farm laws' withdrawn, make demands ahead of Assembly session". The South First. Retrieved 17 March 2023.
- ↑ "Left Parties Come Together for Joint Conference in Bengaluru". NewsClick. 18 July 2022. Retrieved 17 February 2023.
- ↑ https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/seven-left-parties-hold-joint-convention-in-bengaluru/article65647485.ece
- ↑ "CPI MP in Hassan". The Hindu. 26 September 2022. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 17 February 2023.
- ↑ "CPI: First list of 5 candidates released". Prajavani. 21 February 2023. Retrieved 24 February 2023.
- ↑ "'Proponents of Manusmriti keeping masses away from power'". The Times of India. 18 March 2022. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 17 February 2023.
- ↑ "NCP in Karnataka to unite secular parties: Sharad Pawar". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 17 February 2023.
- ↑ "NPP to contest Karnataka polls". Deccan Herald.
- ↑ "Prithvi Reddy named AAP Karnataka president". Hindustan Times. 6 June 2022. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
- ↑ "HDK meets Nitish Kumar in Delhi, looks at reviving Janata Parivar". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 17 February 2023.
- ↑ "AIMIM releases the first list of candidates for Karnataka assembly polls". Hindustan Times. 18 August 2022.
- ↑ "Dakshina Kannada: After Savarkar, banners of Nathuram Godse spark tension in Mangaluru". News9live. 18 August 2022. Retrieved 17 February 2023.
- ↑ "Uttama Prajaakeeya party has got Auto Riksha as common symbol for this Karnataka Assembly election 2023". OneIndia Kannada.
- ↑ "Mining baron Janardhana Reddy launches new party 'Kalyana Rajya Pragati Paksha'". Deccan Herald.
- ↑ "SDPI to contest in 100 seats in upcoming Karnataka assembly poll". Hindustan Times.
- ↑ "JDS announces 93 candidates for Karnataka Assembly polls". The Statesman. 19 December 2022. Retrieved 20 December 2022.
- ↑ "District list". ceo.karnataka.gov.in.
- ↑ PTI (10 October 2022). "Bommai, Yediyurappa to launch 'Jana Sankalpa Yatra' on October 11". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
- ↑ "For BJP, the focus in Karnataka: 'Love jihad' over governance". The Indian Express. 5 January 2023. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
- ↑ "BJP Karnataka chief Nalin Kateel love jihad remarks not helping party cause, feel state leaders". The Indian Express. 5 January 2023. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
- ↑ "How Bharat Jodo Yatra will impact Karnataka elections 2023". Times of India Blog. 20 October 2022. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
- ↑ Khan, Laiqh A. (30 September 2022). "Karnataka leg of Bharat Jodo Yatra begins from Gundlupet". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
- ↑ Bureau, The Hindu (9 October 2022). "Bharat Jodo Yatra goes through BJP bastion". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
{{cite news}}:|last=has generic name (help) - ↑ Bureau, The Hindu (6 November 2022). "BJP's Jana Sankalpa Yatra to resume on November 7, party plans ST convention in Ballari on November 20". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
{{cite news}}:|last=has generic name (help) - ↑ "Bharat Jodo Yatra enters day 2 in Karnataka; FIR against Congress worker for holding PayCM poster". Deccan Herald. 1 October 2022. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
- ↑ "Congress Bharat Jodo Yatra: Sonia Gandhi arrives in Mysore on Day 4 of Karnataka leg". The Times of India. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
- ↑ "Rahul Gandhi Asked About Making Hindi 'National Language'. His Reply". NDTV.com. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
- ↑ "'PayCM' posters with Bommai's photo surface in Bengaluru as Congress makes corruption allegations". ANI News. Retrieved 21 September 2022.
- ↑ "'PayCM' posters with Bommai's face dot Bengaluru as Congress takes '40% sarkar' jab at BJP". India Today. Retrieved 23 September 2022.
- ↑ "Karnataka Congress releases 10-point manifesto for coastal areas ahead of 2023 assembly polls". India Today. Retrieved 3 March 2023.
- ↑ Bureau, The Hindu (31 October 2022). "JD(S) to launch Pancharatna Yatra today". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
{{cite news}}:|last=has generic name (help) - ↑ Shreyas, Ananth (23 December 2022). "2023 Karnataka Elections: Will JD(S)' Outreach Make it Kingmaker Once Again?". TheQuint. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
- ↑ 67.0 67.1 Desk, South First (4 January 2023). "South First poll predicts Congress will emerge as single-largest party in tight fight in Karnataka". The South First. Retrieved 6 January 2023.
{{cite web}}:|last=has generic name (help) - ↑ Raghuram, M. (11 March 2023). "Karnataka polls: Pre-poll survey predicts clear majority for Congress, no hung Assembly". www.thehansindia.com.
- ↑ Raghuram, M. (11 March 2023). "Karnataka polls: Pre-poll survey predicts clear majority for Congress, no hung Assembly". www.thehansindia.com. Retrieved 11 March 2023.
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