Shiv Sena: Difference between revisions

Shiv Sena
Shiv Sena
Abbreviation	SHS
Leader	Eknath Shinde
Parliamentary Chairperson	Gajanan Kirtikar
Lok Sabha leader	Rahul Shewale
Founder	Bal Thackeray
Founded	19 June 1966 (60 years ago)
Headquarters	Anand Ashram, Thane, Thane district, Maharashtra
Newspaper	Marmik; Historical: Saamana
Student wing	Bharatiya Vidyarthi Sena (BVS)
Youth wing	Yuva Sena
Women's wing	Shiv Sena Mahila Aghadi
Ideology	Marathi regionalism; Conservatism; Social conservatism; Hindutva; Hindu nationalism; Economic nationalism; Ultranationalism; Right-wing populism
Political position	Right-wing to far-right
Colours	Saffron
Alliance	NDA (1988–2019, 2022–Present) ; UPA & MVA (2019–2022) (Maharashtra)
Seats in Lok Sabha	13 / 543
Seats in Rajya Sabha	0 / 245
Seats in Maharashtra Legislative Assembly	40 / 288
Seats in Maharashtra Legislative Council	03 / 78
Election symbol
Party flag
Website
	shivsena.in
	Politics of India; Political parties; Elections;

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Shiv Sena (IAST: Śhiva Sēnā) (lit. 'Army of Shivaji') is a right-wing Marathi regionalist and Hindu ultranationalist political party in India founded in 1966 by Bal Thackeray.^[16] Shiv Sena's election symbol is the Bow and Arrow. It uses the saffron colour in its flag and a image of a roaring tiger.^[17]

Initially apolitical, the organisation was patronised by the then Chief Minister Vasantrao Naik who used it for curbing trade unions and maintain stranglehold of the Congress.^[18]^[19]^[20] The organisation at the same time carried out pro-Marathi nativist movement in Mumbai in which it agitated for preferential treatment for the Marathi people over migrants from other parts of India.^[21] It ran a strong movement against South Indian people who were living in Bombay, alleging they did not respect Marathi people and their culture.

Although Shiv Sena's primary base always remained in Maharashtra, it tried to expand to a pan-Indian base. In the 1970s, it gradually moved from advocating a pro-Marathi ideology to supporting a broader Hindu nationalist agenda,^[22] and aligned itself with the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). Shiv Sena took part in Mumbai (BMC) municipal elections for its entire existence. In 1989, it entered into an alliance with the BJP for Lok Sabha as well as Maharashtra Legislative Assembly elections. The alliance in the latter was temporarily broken in the 2014 elections, although it was quickly reformed. Shiv Sena was a coalition partner in the BJP-led National Democratic Alliance (NDA) from 1998 until 2019, including the Vajpayee Government from 1998 to 2004 and the Narendra Modi Government from 2014 to 2019.

Under Uddhav Thackeray, Shiva Sena formed an alliance with its former rivals, the Indian National Congress and Nationalist Congress Party, signalling a significant departure from its traditional pro-Hindutva stance.^[23]^[24]^[25]

The party has had a powerful hold over the Hindi film industry.^[26] It has been described as an "extremist",^[27]^[28] "chauvinist",^[29]^[30] or "fascist" party.^[31]^[32] Shiv Sena has been allegedly involved in the 1970 communal violence in Bhiwandi, the 1984 Bhiwandi riot, and violence in the 1992–1993 Bombay riots.^[33]^[34]

The party draws its strength from the support of the Maratha and Kunbi communities of Maharashtra which Shiv Sena drew away from the Indian National Congress.^[35]

History

Origins

After the Independence of India in 1947, regional administrative divisions from the colonial era were gradually changed and states following linguistic borders were created. Within the Bombay Presidency, a massive popular struggle was launched for the creation of a state for the Marathi-speaking people. In 1960, the presidency was divided into two linguistic states: Gujarat and Maharashtra. Moreover, Marathi-speaking areas of the erstwhile Hyderabad state were joined with Maharashtra. Bombay, in many ways the economic capital of India, became the state capital of Maharashtra. On one hand, people belonging to the Gujarati community owned the majority of the industry and trade enterprises in the city.^[36] On the other hand, there was a steady flow of South Indian migrants to the city who came to take many white-collar jobs.

In 1960 Bal Thackeray, a Mumbai-based cartoonist, began publishing the satirical cartoon weekly Marmik. Through this publication, he started disseminating anti-migrant sentiments. On 19 June 1966, Thackeray founded the Shiv Sena as a political organisation.

The Shiv Sena attracted many unemployed Marathi youth, who were attracted by Thackeray's charged anti-migrant oratory. Shiv Sena cadres became involved in various attacks against the South Indian communities, vandalizing South Indian restaurants and pressuring employers to hire Marathis.^[22]

Initially apolitical, the organisation was patronised by the then Chief Minister Vasantrao Naik who used it for curbing trade unions and maintain stranglehold of the Congress.^[18]^[19] Because of its close association with Vasantrao, the organisation was also referred to as "Vasant Sena".^[18]^[20]

Alliance with the Bharatiya Janata Party

The Sena started placing more weight on the Hindutva ideology in the 1970s as the 'sons of the soil' cause was weakening.^[22]

The party began a coalition with the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) for seats in the Lok Sabha and the Maharashtra Assembly from 1989. The two formed a government in Maharashtra between 1995 and 1999.^[37] The Sena was the opposition party in the state along with the BJP from 1999 to 2014. However, the 25 year alliance with the BJP was threatened in 2014 Maharashtra Assembly elections over seat sharing and both contested the election independently.^[37] With the BJP becoming the largest party following the 2014 election, Sena declared opposition. However, after negotiations, Sena agreed to join the government in Maharashtra.^[38] The Shiv Sena-BJP combine governs the Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation. Traditionally the main strongholds of Shiv Sena have been Mumbai and the Konkan coastal areas. However, in the 2004 Lok Sabha elections the result was reversed. The Shiv Sena made inroads in the interior parts of the state, while suffering losses in Mumbai.^[39]

Formation of Maharashtra Navanirman Sena

In July 2005, Former Maharashtra Chief Minister and Sena leader Narayan Rane was expelled from the party, which sparked internal conflict in the party. In December the same year Raj Thackeray, Bal Thackeray's nephew, left the party.^[40] Raj Thackeray later founded a separate party, Maharashtra Navnirman Sena (MNS). ^{[citation needed]}

Although the MNS is a break-away group from the Shiv Sena, the party is still based in Bhumiputra ideology. When unveiling the party in an assembly at Shivaji Park he said, everyone is anxious to see what will happen to Hindutva and, "I shall elaborate on the party's stance on issues like Hindutva, its agenda for development of Maharashtra and the significance of the party flag colours at the 19 March public meeting."^[41]

Leadership change

Bal Thackeray's son Uddhav Thackeray became the party's leader in 2004, although Bal Thackeray continued to be an important figurehead. After the death of Bal Thackeray on 17 November 2012, Uddhav became the leader of the party but refused to take the title "Shiv Sena Pramukh" (Eng : Shiv Sena Supremo).^[42]^[43]

Ideology shifts

The Shiv Sena party's ideology has undergone changes since its formation. Initially, it started with the ideology of Marathi regionalism under the leadership of Bal Thackeray.^[44]^[4] However, the party shifted towards ultranationalism and right-wing populism over time, which helped them form an alliance with the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).^[45]^[46] ^{[verification needed]} When Uddhav Thackeray became the party leader, he gradually shifted towards composite nationalism and formed an alliance with the Congress and Nationalist Congress Party (NCP).^[47] This shift in ideology was a significant departure from Shiv Sena's traditional stance, as the party had been historically opposed to the Congress and NCP for the majority of its existence.

2022 Political crisis and split in the party

In late June 2022, Eknath Shinde, a senior Shiv Sena leader, and the majority of MLAs from Shiv Sena joined hands with the BJP.^[48]^[49]^[50] Governor Bhagat Singh Koshyari called for a trust vote, an action that would later on be described as a "sad spectacle" ^[51] by Supreme Court of India, and draw criticism from Political Observers.^[52] Uddhav Thackeray resigned from the post as chief minister well as a MLC member ahead of no-confidence motion on 29 June 2022.^[53] Shinde subsequently formed a new coalition with the BJP, and was sworn in as the Chief Minister on 30 June 2022.^[54] Uddhav Thackeray filed a lawsuit with the Supreme Court of India claiming that Eknath Shinde and his group's actions meant that they were disqualified under the anti-defection law, with Eknath Shinde claiming that he has not defected, but rather represents the true Shiv Sena party.^[55] The case is currently being heard by Supreme Court of India.^[55]^[56] The parties split into two factions: Balasahebanchi Shiv Sena led by Shinde and Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray) led by Thackeray.

Shinde subsequently filed a petition with the Election Commission of India staking his claim to the 'Shiv Sena' name and the Bow and Arrow symbol. The ECI ruled in favour of Shinde's faction based on the strength of its legislative wing, rather than on the organizational wing.^[57]^[58]^[59] Thackeray appealed against the decision, and the case is currently pending in the Supreme Court.^[60]

Party structure and caste composition

Structure

The Shiv Sena (SS) is led by a president, traditionally referred to as the "Shiv Sena Pramukh," (transl. Main) which translates to "Shiv Sena Chief" in English.^[61] Bal Thackeray served as the first Shiv Sena Pramukh and took all major decisions while the activists and members of the Shiv Sena, known as Shiv Sainiks, (transl. Soldier) carried out most of the party's grassroots work. During his last days, the day-to-day activities of the party were handled by his youngest son Uddhav Thackeray, who succeeded him as party leader after his death in 2012.

The present Mukhya neta (transl. Main leader) of the party is Eknath Shinde, who assumed the post in 2023 after overtaking the party.^[62]

Shiv Sena has a network of grassroots organizations, known as "Shiv Sena Shakhas" (transl. Branch). The Shakhas serve as the primary unit of the party, with each Shakha consisting of 25-50 members. The Shakhas are responsible for carrying out the party's activities at the grassroots level, such as mobilizing voters during elections, organizing protests and rallies, and engaging in community service activities.^[63]

In addition to the Shakhas, the party has various other organizational structures, including the Yuva Sena, (transl. Youth army army) party's youth wing, and the Mahila Aghadi, the party's women's wing. The Shiv Sena is also affiliated with the Sthaniya Lokadhikar Samiti,^[64] which advocates for the preservation of employment rights for Maharashtrians in Maharashtra.

Prior to the rebellion by its prominent leader Eknath Shinde in 2022 the party was in hand of Thackeray family, thus most of the important positions was hold by Bal Thackeray's son and grandson that is Uddhav and Aditya Thackeray respectively. Opposition parties frequently alleged Shiva Sena as a dynastic political party. Bal Thackeray never remained on any elected political position but he never vacated the position of Shiva Sena supremo and ruled as a Godfather or king maker.^[65]

In 2019 first time ever Thackeray family directly participated in election when Aditya contested for a seat of MLA, later his father debuted in direct politics and became chief minister of the state. Aditya was the tourism minister his father's cabinet.

Caste composition

People of various Maharashtrian castes worked together in the Sena. The party's leaders mostly came from the so-called "high castes" that is Brahmins, Chandraseniya Kayastha Prabhu and Pathare Prabhus - Thackerey, Manohar Joshi, Sudhir Joshi, Balwant Mantri, Hemchandra Gupte, Shyam Deshmukh, Madhav Deshpande, Datta Pradhan, Vijay Parvatkar, Madhukar Sarpotdar and Pramod Navalkar.^[66] One of the above-mentioned leaders, Hemchandra Gupte, who was Mayor of Bombay in the early 70s and was the former family physician and confidante of Thackerays, quit Shivsena citing flaws such as importance given to money, violence committed by the Shivsainiks (transl. Party workers) and Bal Thackeray's support to then prime minister Indira Gandhi during the 1975 emergency.^[67]

There were also leaders from other castes such as Dattaji Salvi, Dattaji Nalawade and Wamanrao Mahadik, and those from the so-called lower castes such as Chaggan Bhujbal, Leeladhar Dake, Bhai Shingre and Vijay Gaonkar.^[66]^{[year needed]}

Over the years, other than the Bal Thackeray, there have been twelve senior leaders in the party, out of these, eight have been from upper caste (four were Brahmins, two Chandraseniya Kayastha Prabhu and two Pathare Prabhus). Others have been either Maratha (Dattaji Salvi), Shimpi (Wamanrao Mahadik), Agri (Leeladhar Dake) or Mali (Chaggan Bhujbal). In fact, Bhujbal quit the party accusing the party is biased towards upper cast people.^[66]

The number of Dalits were also not insignificant and even after the Sena opposed the reservations proposed by the Mandal commission, there was no dent in the percentage of Other Backward Class in the party. In this way, the Sena was successful in uniting all Maharashtrians irrespective of caste under the common "Marathi umbrella". The agenda of preferential treatment for the "sons of the soil" that is Maharashtrians brought them all together.^[66]

Voter base

Shiv Sena's strength in the late 1980s and early '90s mainly came from the support of the Maratha caste - which it drew away from the Congress.^[35] Citing the large percentage of MLAs elected from Shiv Sena belonging to the Maratha caste, Vora from the University of Pune concludes that the Shiv Sena has been emerging as a "Maratha Party".^[68]

Headquarter

Shiva Sena's headquarter and main office is situated at Anand Dighe's house in Thane. Dighe was Guru and mentor of Shiva Sena Mukhy neta (Main leader) Eknath Shinde. On 24 February 2023, the headquarter was relocated from Shivsena Bhavan after Shinde took over the party from Uddhav Thackeray;^[69] while Thackeray's faction retained control over Shivsena Bhavan.

Shivsena Bhavan (transl. House), the former central office of the Shiv Sena in Mumbai,^[70] is located on Ram Ganesh Gadkari Chowk and Shivaji Park in Dadar. It was inaugurated on 19 June 1977. The refurbished Sena Bhavan was inaugurated on 27 July 2006. It has a Copper Statue of Shivaji Maharaj and a large Poster of Bal Thackeray. In the 1993 Bombay bombings, terrorists planted powerful bomb in Shiv Sena Bhavan, it exploded and the building got damaged.^[71]

Matoshri, the house of Bal Thackeray and Uddhav Thackeray was an important building in this party. Many high-profile meetings are usually held in it. It worked as a command and control centre of the party in Bal–Uddhava's regime.

List of chief ministers

Following is the list of the chief ministers of Maharashtra from Shiv Sena.

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Tenure			Constituency	[[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly\|Template:Black]]
No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Assumed Office	Left Office	Time in Office	Constituency	[[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly\|Template:Black]]
1		Manohar Joshi 1937-	14 March 1995	1 February 1999	3 years, 324 days	Dadar	9th (1995)
2		Narayan Rane 1952-	1 February 1999	18 October 1999	259 days	Malvan	9th (1995)
3		Uddhav Thackeray 1960-	28 November 2019	30 June 2022	2 years, 214 days	MLC	14th (2019)
4		Eknath Shinde 1964-	30 June 2022	Present	4 years, 36 days	Kopri Pachpakhadi	14th (2019)

List of union ministers

Manohar Joshi: Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises, 13th Speaker of the Lok Sabha
Anandrao Vithoba Adsul: Ministry of State, Finance and Company Affairs
Suresh Prabhu :Minister of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Ministry of Power, Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises
Anant Geete: Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises, Minister of Power
Arvind Sawant: Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises

Electoral performance

Lok Sabha elections

Year	Seats won	Change in seats
1989	1 / 48	1
1991	4 / 48	3
1996	15 / 48	11
1998	6 / 48	9
1999	15 / 48	9
2004	12 / 48	3
2009	11 / 48	1
2014	18 / 48	7
2019	18 / 48

Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha elections

Year	Party leader	Seats won	+/-	Voteshare (%)	+/- (%)	Popular vote	Outcome
1990	Balasaheb Thackeray	52 / 288	52	15.94%	15.94%	4,733,834	Opposition
1995		73 / 288	21	16.39%	0.45%	6,315,493	Government
1999		69 / 288	4	17.33%	0.94%	5,692,812	Opposition
2004		62 / 288	7	19.97%	2.64%	8,351,654	Opposition
2009		44 / 288	18	16.26%	3.71%	7,369,030	Opposition
2014	Uddhav Thackeray	63 / 288	19	19.35%	3.09%	10,235,970	Government
2019	Uddhav Thackeray	56 / 288	7	16.41%	3.04%	9,049,789	Government

Election	Candidates	Elected	Votes	Source
1971 Lok Sabha	5		227,468	^[72]
1980 Lok Sabha	2		129,351	^[73]
1989 Lok Sabha	3	1	339,426	^[74]
1989 Goa Assembly	6		4,960	^[75]
1991 Uttar Pradesh Assembly	14	1	45,426	^[76]
1991 Lok Sabha	22	4	2,208,712	^[77]
1993 Madhya Pradesh Assembly	88		75,783	^[78]
1996 Lok Sabha	132	15	4,989,994	^[79]
1996 Haryana Assembly	17		6,700	^[80]
1997 Punjab Assembly	3		719	^[81]
1998 Lok Sabha	79	6	6,528,566	^[82]
1998 Delhi Assembly	32		9,395	^[83]
1998 Himachal Pradesh Assembly	6		2,827	^[84]
1999 Lok Sabha	63	15	5,672,412	^[85]
1999 Goa Assembly	14		5,987	^[86]
2000 Odisha Assembly	16		18,794	^[87]
2001 Kerala Assembly	1		279	^[88]
2002 Goa Assembly	15
2004 Lok Sabha	56	12	7,056,255	^[89]
2009 Lok Sabha	22	11	6,828,382	^[90]
2014 Lok Sabha	20	18	10,262,981	^[89]
1990 Maharashtra Assembly	183	52	47,33,834(16.39%)
1995 Maharashtra Assembly	169	73	6315493(16.39%)
1999 Maharashtra Assembly	169	69	(17.33%)
2004 Maharashtra Assembly	163	62	8351654 (19,97%)
2009 Maharashtra Assembly	160	45
2014 Maharashtra Assembly	286	63	10,235,972
2015 Bihar Assembly	80	0	2,11,131	^[91]^[92]
2017 Goa Assembly	3	0	792	^[93]^[94]
2019 Lok Sabha	23	18	12,589,064
2019 Maharashtra Assembly	124	56	9,049,789 (16.41)	^[95]

Activities and criticism

The Sena says it has played a central role in the emancipation of 500,000 slum dwellers in the Dharavi area of Mumbai, the largest slum in Asia. However, the policy of giving free houses to slum dwellers has been controversial since it was introduced by the then Shiv Sena-BJP government.^[96]^[97]^[98]^{[further explanation needed]}

In the 1970s, Shiv Sena was opposed to the Namantar Andolan, a Dalit-led movement to change the name of Marathwada University in Aurangabad to "Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar University", and supported views of conservative Marathas.^[99]

In 1996, Shiv Sena organised the first and only live concert of American pop icon Michael Jackson in India to raise the funds for its business wing and to help create over two-hundred seventy thousand jobs for people of Maharashtra.^[100]^[101]

In December 2003, Shiv Sena activists damaged the cricket pitch of the Agra Sport Stadium which was supposed to host the cricket match between Pakistan and India.^[102] In April 2005, Bharatiya Vidyarthi Sena, the student wing of Shiv Sena, attempted to prevent the India-Pakistan One-day international match being held in New Delhi. The protester's spokesman demanded:

India should not play cricket with Pakistan till it hands over to India 20 terrorists, including Dawood Ibrahim, and closes down militant training camps running there.^[103]

The Sena acted as a "moral police" and opposed Valentine's Day celebrations.^[74] On 14 February 2006, Bal Thackeray condemned and apologised for the violent attacks by its Shiv Sainiks on a private celebration in Mumbai. "It is said that women were beaten up in the Nallasopara incident. If that really happened, then it is a symbol of cowardice. I have always instructed Shiv Sainiks that in any situation women should not be humiliated and harassed."^[104] Thackeray and the Shiv Sena remained opposed to it, although they indicated support for an "Indian alternative".^[105]^[106]

On 20 November 2009, Shiv Sena activists attacked and vandalised the offices of Hindi and Marathi TV news channels IBN7 and IBN-Lokmat, located in Mumbai and Pune respectively. The Shivsainik slapped IBN7's senior editor Ravindra Ambekar and then attacked IBN-Lokmat's editor Nikhil Wagle. Shiv Sena attributed the attacks to the criticisms of Bal Thackeray by the news channel over his remarks on Sachin Tendulkar. Shiv Sena's Rajya Sabha MP Sanjay Raut described the attacks as "spontaneous". Shiv Sena spokespersons tried to justify the attacks and refused to apologize for their acts of violence.^[107]^[108]^[109]

Shiv Sena got an entry in Guinness Book of World Records in 2010 for "collecting maximum blood in a day". Shiv Sena organized a blood donation camp which collected over 24,000 bottles of blood in a single day.^[110]^[111] Later this world record was broken by a blood donation camp of HDFC Bank in 2014.^[112]

On 2 November 2014, during the Kiss of Love protest against moral policing, members of Shiv Sena, Bajrang Dal, Vishwa Hindu Parishad and many other right wing groups opposed and attacked protestors and threatened to strip protestors for kissing on the streets. These opposing groups claimed that public display of affection is against both Indian culture and the law of the land (under section 294 of the Indian Penal Code), though according to the Supreme Court and the Delhi High Court, kissing in public is not a criminal offence.^[113]^[114] Police took many of the Kiss of Love protestors into custody to save their lives, but were blamed for giving a free hand to counter protestors of the right wing groups.^[115]

In October 2015, Shiv Sena issued threats which enforced a ban on a scheduled concert by Pakistani classic singer Ghulam Ali. The move was adopted to appease anti-Pakistan constituents to vote for Sena in coming elections.^[116] However, in 2015 Pakistan urged the international community to take note of the activities of Shiv Sena,^[117] while Shiv Sena claimed that criticism of Shiv Sena by Pakistan vindicates "our patriotism".^[118]

On 19 October 2015, Shiv Sena activists attacked and vandalised the office of BCCI to stop a meeting between PCB and BCCI officials. The activists shouted anti-Pakistan slogans and held posters that read 'Shahryar Khan go back', determined to stop Manohar from meeting his Pakistani counterpart. Shiv Sena has also threatened to stop Pakistan's Aleem Dar from officiating in the fifth and final ODI between India and South Africa.^[119]

In 2015 Shiv Sena announced 10,000 rupees help to each drought-affected farmer of Marathwada region,^[120] while they also announced 2 lakh rupees "reward" to Hindus family who had 5 children between 2010 and 2015 in Uttar Pradesh. As per Shiv Sena, the reason behind the "reward" was "decline in growth rate of Hindu population compared to Muslim population as per recent census".^[121]^[122]

In January 2016, the Shiv Sena demanded that the words “secular” and “socialist” be “permanently removed” from the Constitution's Preamble which were added in the 42nd amendment during the emergency.^[123] In April 2019, party member Sanjay Raut called for the burka to be banned.^[124]^[125]

During the 2018 Maharashtra Council election and the 2014 Lok Sabha elections, many candidates fielded by Shiv Sena had criminal records or had criminal charges pending against them.^[126]^[127]

References

↑ Deshpande, Abhinay (21 February 2023). "Eknath Shinde to remain Shiv Sena's chief leader". The Hindu – via www.thehindu.com.
↑ https://m.timesofindia.com/city/thane/anand-dighes-thane-residence-now-shiv-sena-central-office/amp_articleshow/98192664.cms&ved=2ahUKEwiOxNffzdX9AhXcSmwGHVFaCFMQFnoECBAQAQ&usg=AOvVaw0oKcvPlQval3eD1Cby25qO^{[permanent dead link]} ^{[bare URL]}
↑ "Former Maharashtra CM Uddhav Thackeray back as editor of Saamna". The Times of India. 6 August 2022.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Joshi, R. (1970). The Shiv Sena: A Movement in Search of Legitimacy. Asian Survey, 10(11), 967–978. doi:10.2307/2642817
↑ Morkhandikar, R. S. (1967). The Shiv Sena—An Eruption of Sub-Nationalism. Economic and Political Weekly, 2(42), 1903–1906. JSTOR 24478083
↑ —"Like Mann Ki Baat and Chai Pe Charcha, Shiv Sena starts branding its public interactions". ThePrint. 22 August 2019. Archived from the original on 16 February 2020. Retrieved 16 February 2020. ...the usually-conservative Shiv Sena has now moved to give itself a branding twist with events like 'Aaditya Samvad','Friends of Aaditya' and 'Mauli Samvad' — with a bit of advice from poll strategist Prashant Kishor.
—"No chance for young blood? Shiv Sena has bet on ageing war horses, say analysts". The Times of India. 24 March 2019. Retrieved 16 February 2020. Renominations for leaders like Chandrakant Khaire, Bhavna Gawli, Anandrao Adsul and Union minister Anant Gite for the Lok Sabha elections reflect the Shiv Sena's conservative mindset, they added.
—"The Slumdog Millionaire Architect". The New York Times. 19 June 2014. Retrieved 16 February 2020. In 1995, when the conservative Shiv Sena Party took power in elections in Maharashtra state (Mumbai is its capital)...
↑ "Mumbai on high alert after politician dies". Financial Times. 17 November 2012. Archived from the original on 10 December 2022.
↑ Purandare, Vaibhav (2014). Bal Thackeray and the rise of Shiv Sena. Roli Books.
↑ "India's ultra-right Shiv Sena party forms coalition government with seculars". Arab News. 26 November 2019. Archived from the original on 29 November 2019. Retrieved 28 January 2020.
↑ Kale, Sunila (2014). Electrifying India: Regional Political Economies of Development. Stanford University Press. p. 94.
↑
— "South Asia | Indian cricket offices attacked". BBC News. 18 January 1999. Retrieved 2 December 2015.
—"South Asia | Poll ban for Hindu leader". BBC News. 28 July 1999. Retrieved 2 December 2015.
—"South Asia | Hindu activists call off cricket protest". BBC News. 21 January 1999. Retrieved 2 December 2015.
—"Mistry defends book dropped at Mumbai University – Arts & Entertainment – CBC News". Cbc.ca. 19 October 2010. Retrieved 2 December 2015.
—Mark Magnier (8 March 2012). "In India, battle continues over Hindu temple's riches – latimes". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2 December 2015.
↑ Freesden, Michael (2013). Comparative Political Thought. Routledge. p. 82.
↑
—Siddharthya Roy (9 December 2019). "Understanding Maharashtra's Political Game of Thrones". the Diplomat. Retrieved 4 January 2020. The ball now was in the court of the BJP's oldest ally in the state as well as at the central level: the Shiv Sena, a regionalist right-wing force, which won 56 seats.
—Malladi Rama Rao (4 January 2020). "Indian Citizenship Row Did Modi, Shah lose the plot?". BBC. Archived from the original on 3 January 2020. Retrieved 4 January 2020. "Rather than uniting Hindus against Muslims, what the duo have succeeded in doing is to alienate their own hard-core allies, namely the right-wing Shiv Sena and those erring Hindutva fans that had elected the Bharatiya Janata Party government in Assam.
—Soutik Biswas (18 July 2019). "Maharashtra: The unravelling of India's BJP and Shiv Sena alliance". Asian Tribune. Retrieved 4 January 2020. Consider this. The 53-year-old Shiv Sena is a stridently right-wing Hindu party. It began as an ethnic, nativist outfit to support the interests of Mumbai's Marathi-speaking people.
↑
—"Shiv Sena attack derails India-Pakistan cricket talks". BBC. 19 October 2015.
—"Hindu nationalists in India renew demand for temple". The Straits Times. 7 December 2018.
—"Shiv Sena workers to 'commit suicide' if women enter prominent Kerala temple". The Express Tribune. 15 October 2018.
—"Shiv Sena received 80% of all donations above Rs 20,000 to regional parties in 2015-'16: Report". Scroll.in. 18 January 2017. Archived from the original on 9 November 2019. Retrieved 13 December 2018.
↑ "Eknath Sinde faction gets Shiv Sena party name, bow and arrow symbol". Telangana Today.
↑ Berger, Peter; Heidemann, Frank (3 June 2013). The Modern Anthropology of India: Ethnography, Themes and Theory. Routledge. p. 179. ISBN 978-1-134-06111-2.
↑ Pradeep Kaushal (28 September 2015). "Shiv Sena finds Jharkhand Mukti Morcha has first right to symbol". indianexpress.com. New Delhi: The Indian Express. Retrieved 28 April 2020. Shivsena's bow-and-arrow symbol is the same as that of the Jharkhand Mukti Morcha.
↑ ^18.0 ^18.1 ^18.2 "Bal Thackeray". revolutionarydemocracy.org. 19 November 2012. Retrieved 30 June 2023.
↑ ^19.0 ^19.1 Patel, Sujata; Thorner, Alice (1995). Bombay: Metaphor for Modern India. Oxford India paperbacks. Oxford University Press. p. 272. ISBN 978-0-19-563688-8. The then chief minister of Maharashtra, Vasantrao Naik, deliberately encouraged this newly formed political grouping— despite its narrow concern with Maharashtra for Maharashtrians - to break the stranglehold of the Left unions
↑ ^20.0 ^20.1 Srivastava, A. (2022). Sensex Of Regional Parties: Bestseller Book by Aaku Srivastava: Sensex Of Regional Parties. Prabhat Prakashan. p. 80. ISBN 978-93-5521-236-8.
↑ "Why does Shinde rebellion hit so hard? A look at Shiv Sena's history". 28 June 2022.
↑ ^22.0 ^22.1 ^22.2 "Know Your Party: Shiv Sena". Rediff.com. Retrieved 22 July 2006.
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↑ Banerjee, Shoumojit (10 April 2022). "Shiv Sena has turned pseudo-secular, says Devendra Fadnavis". The Hindu. Retrieved 20 February 2023.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
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↑ Dean, Nelson. "Author Rohinton Mistry slams Mumbai University after book ban". telegraph.co.uk. Archived from the original on 11 January 2022. Retrieved 27 August 2012.
↑ Ahmed, Z.S.; Balasubramanian, R. (2010). Extremism in Pakistan and India: The Case of the Jamaat-e-Islami and Shiv Sena. Colombo: Regional Centre for Strategic Studies (RCSS).
↑ Mehta, Ved (1994). Rajiv Gandhi and Rama's Kingdom. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. p. 157. ISBN 9780300060386.
↑ Bagchi, Amiya (2002). Capital and Labour Redefined:India and the Third World. London: Anthem Press. p. 344.
↑ Kaminsky, Arnold (2011). India Today: An Encyclopedia of Life in the Republic. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. p. 628.
↑ Chandavarkar, Rajnayaran (3 September 2009). History, Culture and the Indian City (1st ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 29. ISBN 978-0-521-76871-9.
↑ Jeff Haynes (7 April 2011). Religion, Politics and International Relations. Taylor & Francis. p. 150. ISBN 978-1-136-73753-4. Retrieved 18 November 2012.
↑ Human Rights Watch World Report 1999. Human Rights Watch. 1998. p. 186. ISBN 978-1-56432-190-9.
↑ Brown, Cynthia (1995). Playing the "communal Card": Communal Violence and Human Rights. Human Rights Watch. p. 27. ISBN 978-1-56432-152-7.
↑ ^35.0 ^35.1 Kanta Murali (2017). Caste, Class, and Capital: The Social and Political Origins of Economic Policy in India. Cambridge University Press. pp. 236–237. ISBN 978-1-107-15450-6. Shiv Sena's strength primarily came from Maratha support, which it drew away from the Congress
↑ "Sena fate: From roar to meow". The Times of India. 29 November 2005. Retrieved 11 August 2006.
↑ ^37.0 ^37.1 "Maharashtra elections: BJP ends 25-year-old alliance with Shiv Sena as seat-sharing talks fail". ibnlive.in.com. Archived from the original on 27 September 2014. Retrieved 26 October 2014.
↑ Shiv Sena to join Fadnavis govt; gives up claim to home minister, deputy CM post, Indian Express, 4 December 2014
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↑ Purandare, Vaibhav (27 February 2013). Bal Thackeray & The Rise of the Shiv Sena. Roli Books Private Limited. ISBN 978-81-7436-991-8.
↑ Banerjee, Sikata (22 October 2021), "Mobilization of the Shiv Sena", Warriors in Politics, New York: Routledge, pp. 111–130, doi:10.4324/9780429268564-5, ISBN 9780429268564, S2CID 239541679, retrieved 20 February 2023{{citation}}: CS1 maint: work parameter with ISBN (link)
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↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 21 February 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
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↑ Purandare, Vaibhav (27 February 2013). Bal Thackeray & The Rise of the Shiv Sena. Roli Books Private Limited. ISBN 978-81-7436-991-8.
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↑ "The Wayback Machine has not archived that URL". The Times of India. Retrieved 24 June 2023. {{cite web}}: Cite uses generic title (help)CS1 maint: url-status (link)^{[permanent dead link]}
↑ ^66.0 ^66.1 ^66.2 ^66.3 Vaibhav Purandare (2012). Bal Thackeray and the rise of Shiv Sena. Roli Books. p. 106. ISBN 9788174369918. Its (Sena's) thrust on the economic upliftment of Maharashtrians and demand for preferential treatment of the sons of soil in employment drew the working class towards it. They wanted someone to focus on the issue that mattered to them most:Jobs. Besides, people of various castes worked together in the Sena. Though, from among the party's leaders, Thackerey, Manohar Joshi, Sudhir Joshi, Balwant Mantri, Dr Hemchandra Gupte, Shyam Deshmukh, Madhav Deshpande, Datta Pradhan, Vijay Parvatkar, Madhukar Sarpotdar and Pramod Navalkar came from the so called high castes (they were either Brahmins, Pathare Prabhus or Chandraseniya Kayastha Prabhus) and middle class localities like Dadar and Girgaum, rubbing shoulders with them were leaders from the working class areas of Lalbaug-Parel such as Dattaji Salvi, Dattaji Nalavade and Wamanrao Mahadik, and those from the so called lower castes such as Chaggan Bhujbal, Leeladhar Dake, Bhai Shingre and Vijay Gaonkar.... In fact, 70 per cent of Sainiks have belonged to the OBC category, and even after the party opposed the Mandal Commission recommendations, the percentage of OBCs in the Sena did not go down.
↑ Thomas Blom Hansen (2001). Wages of Violence : Naming and identity in postcolonial Bombay. Princeton University Press. p. 238. ISBN 0691088403. 18: According to Hemchandra Gupte, a former confidante of Thackeray, his major reason for leaving the party for his growing disgust with the prominence of money and the "goonda'ization" of the party(interview, 5th October 1992). 21.Interview, 3 October 1992, with Hemchandra Gupte, physician, formerly Bal Thackeray's family doctor, and Shiv Sena's mayor of Bombay from 1971 to 1972. Dr. Gupte left Shiv Sena in 1976 because of Thackerey's support for Mrs.Gandhi and the emergency.
↑ Rajendra Vora (4 May 2012). Christophe Jaffrelot; Sanjay Kumar (eds.). Rise of the Plebeians?: The Changing Face of the Indian Legislative Assemblies. pp. 240, 241. ISBN 9781136516627. The Shiv Sena is emerging as another Maratha party if we go by the number of Marathas elected on its ticket in the last four elections to the Vidhan Sabha.
↑ "Anand Dighe's Thane residence now Shiv Sena central office". TOI.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)^{[permanent dead link]}
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External links

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[3] "Former Maharashtra CM Uddhav Thackeray back as editor of Saamna". The Times of India. 6 August 2022.

[Joshi,_R._1970-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Joshi, R. (1970). The Shiv Sena: A Movement in Search of Legitimacy. Asian Survey, 10(11), 967–978. doi:10.2307/2642817

[5] Morkhandikar, R. S. (1967). The Shiv Sena—An Eruption of Sub-Nationalism. Economic and Political Weekly, 2(42), 1903–1906. JSTOR 24478083

[SS1-6] —"Like Mann Ki Baat and Chai Pe Charcha, Shiv Sena starts branding its public interactions". ThePrint. 22 August 2019. Archived from the original on 16 February 2020. Retrieved 16 February 2020. ...the usually-conservative Shiv Sena has now moved to give itself a branding twist with events like 'Aaditya Samvad','Friends of Aaditya' and 'Mauli Samvad' — with a bit of advice from poll strategist Prashant Kishor.
—"No chance for young blood? Shiv Sena has bet on ageing war horses, say analysts". The Times of India. 24 March 2019. Retrieved 16 February 2020. Renominations for leaders like Chandrakant Khaire, Bhavna Gawli, Anandrao Adsul and Union minister Anant Gite for the Lok Sabha elections reflect the Shiv Sena's conservative mindset, they added.
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—"Mistry defends book dropped at Mumbai University – Arts & Entertainment – CBC News". Cbc.ca. 19 October 2010. Retrieved 2 December 2015.
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[12] Freesden, Michael (2013). Comparative Political Thought. Routledge. p. 82.

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—Malladi Rama Rao (4 January 2020). "Indian Citizenship Row Did Modi, Shah lose the plot?". BBC. Archived from the original on 3 January 2020. Retrieved 4 January 2020. "Rather than uniting Hindus against Muslims, what the duo have succeeded in doing is to alienate their own hard-core allies, namely the right-wing Shiv Sena and those erring Hindutva fans that had elected the Bharatiya Janata Party government in Assam.
—Soutik Biswas (18 July 2019). "Maharashtra: The unravelling of India's BJP and Shiv Sena alliance". Asian Tribune. Retrieved 4 January 2020. Consider this. The 53-year-old Shiv Sena is a stridently right-wing Hindu party. It began as an ethnic, nativist outfit to support the interests of Mumbai's Marathi-speaking people.

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[revolutionarydemocracy-18] 18.0 ^18.1 ^18.2 "Bal Thackeray". revolutionarydemocracy.org. 19 November 2012. Retrieved 30 June 2023.

[Patel_Thorner_1995-19] 19.0 ^19.1 Patel, Sujata; Thorner, Alice (1995). Bombay: Metaphor for Modern India. Oxford India paperbacks. Oxford University Press. p. 272. ISBN 978-0-19-563688-8. The then chief minister of Maharashtra, Vasantrao Naik, deliberately encouraged this newly formed political grouping— despite its narrow concern with Maharashtra for Maharashtrians - to break the stranglehold of the Left unions

[Srivastava-20] 20.0 ^20.1 Srivastava, A. (2022). Sensex Of Regional Parties: Bestseller Book by Aaku Srivastava: Sensex Of Regional Parties. Prabhat Prakashan. p. 80. ISBN 978-93-5521-236-8.

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[28] Mehta, Ved (1994). Rajiv Gandhi and Rama's Kingdom. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. p. 157. ISBN 9780300060386.

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[30] Kaminsky, Arnold (2011). India Today: An Encyclopedia of Life in the Republic. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. p. 628.

[Chandavarkar2-31] Chandavarkar, Rajnayaran (3 September 2009). History, Culture and the Indian City (1st ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 29. ISBN 978-0-521-76871-9.

[Jeff2011-32] Jeff Haynes (7 April 2011). Religion, Politics and International Relations. Taylor & Francis. p. 150. ISBN 978-1-136-73753-4. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

[33] Human Rights Watch World Report 1999. Human Rights Watch. 1998. p. 186. ISBN 978-1-56432-190-9.

[34] Brown, Cynthia (1995). Playing the "communal Card": Communal Violence and Human Rights. Human Rights Watch. p. 27. ISBN 978-1-56432-152-7.

[auto-35] 35.0 ^35.1 Kanta Murali (2017). Caste, Class, and Capital: The Social and Political Origins of Economic Policy in India. Cambridge University Press. pp. 236–237. ISBN 978-1-107-15450-6. Shiv Sena's strength primarily came from Maratha support, which it drew away from the Congress

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[join-38] Shiv Sena to join Fadnavis govt; gives up claim to home minister, deputy CM post, Indian Express, 4 December 2014

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[45] Banerjee, Sikata (22 October 2021), "Mobilization of the Shiv Sena", Warriors in Politics, New York: Routledge, pp. 111–130, doi:10.4324/9780429268564-5, ISBN 9780429268564, S2CID 239541679, retrieved 20 February 2023{{citation}}: CS1 maint: work parameter with ISBN (link)

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[purandare13-66] 66.0 ^66.1 ^66.2 ^66.3 Vaibhav Purandare (2012). Bal Thackeray and the rise of Shiv Sena. Roli Books. p. 106. ISBN 9788174369918. Its (Sena's) thrust on the economic upliftment of Maharashtrians and demand for preferential treatment of the sons of soil in employment drew the working class towards it. They wanted someone to focus on the issue that mattered to them most:Jobs. Besides, people of various castes worked together in the Sena. Though, from among the party's leaders, Thackerey, Manohar Joshi, Sudhir Joshi, Balwant Mantri, Dr Hemchandra Gupte, Shyam Deshmukh, Madhav Deshpande, Datta Pradhan, Vijay Parvatkar, Madhukar Sarpotdar and Pramod Navalkar came from the so called high castes (they were either Brahmins, Pathare Prabhus or Chandraseniya Kayastha Prabhus) and middle class localities like Dadar and Girgaum, rubbing shoulders with them were leaders from the working class areas of Lalbaug-Parel such as Dattaji Salvi, Dattaji Nalavade and Wamanrao Mahadik, and those from the so called lower castes such as Chaggan Bhujbal, Leeladhar Dake, Bhai Shingre and Vijay Gaonkar.... In fact, 70 per cent of Sainiks have belonged to the OBC category, and even after the party opposed the Mandal Commission recommendations, the percentage of OBCs in the Sena did not go down.

[67] Thomas Blom Hansen (2001). Wages of Violence : Naming and identity in postcolonial Bombay. Princeton University Press. p. 238. ISBN 0691088403. 18: According to Hemchandra Gupte, a former confidante of Thackeray, his major reason for leaving the party for his growing disgust with the prominence of money and the "goonda'ization" of the party(interview, 5th October 1992). 21.Interview, 3 October 1992, with Hemchandra Gupte, physician, formerly Bal Thackeray's family doctor, and Shiv Sena's mayor of Bombay from 1971 to 1972. Dr. Gupte left Shiv Sena in 1976 because of Thackerey's support for Mrs.Gandhi and the emergency.

[68] Rajendra Vora (4 May 2012). Christophe Jaffrelot; Sanjay Kumar (eds.). Rise of the Plebeians?: The Changing Face of the Indian Legislative Assemblies. pp. 240, 241. ISBN 9781136516627. The Shiv Sena is emerging as another Maratha party if we go by the number of Marathas elected on its ticket in the last four elections to the Vidhan Sabha.

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@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 {{EngvarB|date=January 2015}}
 {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2015}}
-{{Cleanup|date=February 2023|reason=This article probably has duplicate material and grammatical mistakes.}} {{Infobox Indian political party
+{{Infobox Indian political party
 |party_name = Shiv Sena
 |logo = Logo of Shiv Sena.svg
 |colorcode = {{party color|Shiv Sena}}
-|president = '''Vacant'''
 |loksabha_leader  = [[Rahul Shewale]]
+|ppchairman = [[Gajanan Kirtikar]]
 |rajyasabha_leader  =
+|leader=[[Eknath Shinde]]<ref name=K>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/shinde-chairs-shiv-senas-first-national-executive-meeting-seeks-bharat-ratna-for-savarkar/article66537902.ece|title=Eknath Shinde to remain Shiv Sena's chief leader|first=Abhinay|last=Deshpande|newspaper=The Hindu |date=21 February 2023|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>
 |foundation   = {{Start date and age|df=yes|p=y|1966|6|19}}
 |founder   = [[Bal Thackeray]]
-|headquarters = [[Thane]], [[Thane district]], [[Maharashtra]]<ref>https://m.timesofindia.com/city/thane/anand-dighes-thane-residence-now-shiv-sena-central-office/amp_articleshow/98192664.cms&ved=2ahUKEwiOxNffzdX9AhXcSmwGHVFaCFMQFnoECBAQAQ&usg=AOvVaw0oKcvPlQval3eD1Cby25qO</ref>
+|headquarters = Anand Ashram, [[Thane]], [[Thane district]], [[Maharashtra]]<ref>https://m.timesofindia.com/city/thane/anand-dighes-thane-residence-now-shiv-sena-central-office/amp_articleshow/98192664.cms&ved=2ahUKEwiOxNffzdX9AhXcSmwGHVFaCFMQFnoECBAQAQ&usg=AOvVaw0oKcvPlQval3eD1Cby25qO{{Dead link|date=May 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{bare URL inline|date=April 2023}}</ref>
-|alliance = [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]] (1988–2019)
+|alliance = [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]] (1988–2019, 2022–Present) <br/> [[United Progressive Alliance|UPA]] & [[Maha Vikas Aghadi|MVA]] (2019–2022) {{small|([[Maharashtra]])}}
-<br/>[[Maha Vikas Aghadi|MVA]] (2019–2022) {{small|([[Maharashtra]])}}
-<br/> [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]] (2022–Present)
 |ideology = {{nowrap|[[Marathi people|Marathi]] [[Regionalism (politics)|regionalism]]<ref name="Joshi, R. 1970">Joshi, R. (1970). The Shiv Sena: A Movement in Search of Legitimacy. [[Asian Survey]], 10(11), 967–978. {{doi|10.2307/2642817}}</ref><ref>Morkhandikar, R. S. (1967). The Shiv Sena—An Eruption of Sub-Nationalism. [[Economic and Political Weekly]], 2(42), 1903–1906. {{JSTOR|24478083}}</ref><br>[[Conservatism]]<ref name="SS1">—{{cite web |url=https://theprint.in/politics/like-mann-ki-baat-and-chai-pe-charcha-shiv-sena-starts-branding-its-public-interactions/280119/ |title=Like Mann Ki Baat and Chai Pe Charcha, Shiv Sena starts branding its public interactions |date=22 August 2019 |publisher=[[ThePrint]] |access-date=16 February 2020 |quote=...the usually-conservative Shiv Sena has now moved to give itself a branding twist with events like ‘Aaditya Samvad’,‘Friends of Aaditya’ and ‘Mauli Samvad’ — with a bit of advice from poll strategist Prashant Kishor. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216124516/https://theprint.in/politics/like-mann-ki-baat-and-chai-pe-charcha-shiv-sena-starts-branding-its-public-interactions/280119/ |archive-date=16 February 2020 |url-status=dead }}<br />—{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/no-chance-for-young-blood-shiv-sena-has-bet-on-ageing-war-horses-say-analysts/articleshow/68543562.cms |title=No chance for young blood? Shiv Sena has bet on ageing war horses, say analysts |date=24 March 2019 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=16 February 2020 |quote=Renominations for leaders like Chandrakant Khaire, Bhavna Gawli, Anandrao Adsul and Union minister Anant Gite for the Lok Sabha elections reflect the Shiv Sena's conservative mindset, they added.}}<br />—{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/22/magazine/the-slumdog-millionaire-architect.html |title=The Slumdog Millionaire Architect |date=19 June 2014 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=16 February 2020 |quote=In 1995, when the conservative Shiv Sena Party took power in elections in Maharashtra state (Mumbai is its capital)...}}</ref><br>[[Social conservatism]]<ref>{{cite news|work=[[Financial Times]]|title=Mumbai on high alert after politician dies|date=17 November 2012|url=https://www.ft.com/content/ee4d2c58-30d5-11e2-a11a-00144feabdc0 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/ee4d2c58-30d5-11e2-a11a-00144feabdc0 |archive-date=10 December 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live}}</ref><br>[[Hindutva]]<ref>{{Cite book|title=Bal Thackeray and the rise of Shiv Sena|first=Vaibhav|last=Purandare|year=2014|publisher=Roli Books}}</ref><br />[[Hindu nationalism]]<ref>{{cite news|work=[[Arab News]]|title=India's ultra-right Shiv Sena party forms coalition government with seculars|date=26 November 2019|url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1591041/world|access-date=28 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191129202915/https://www.arabnews.com/node/1591041/world|archive-date=29 November 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />[[Economic nationalism]]<ref>{{cite book|first=Sunila|last=Kale|title=Electrifying India: Regional Political Economies of Development|publisher=[[Stanford University Press]]|year=2014|page=94}}</ref><br />[[Ultranationalism]]<ref name="SS2"><br />— {{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/257394.stm |title=South Asia &#124; Indian cricket offices attacked |work=BBC News |date=1999-01-18 |access-date=2015-12-02}}<br />—{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/406405.stm |title=South Asia &#124; Poll ban for Hindu leader |work=BBC News |date=1999-07-28 |access-date=2015-12-02}}<br />—{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/259676.stm |title=South Asia &#124; Hindu activists call off cricket protest |work=BBC News |date=1999-01-21 |access-date=2015-12-02}}<br />—{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/arts/mistry-defends-book-dropped-at-mumbai-university-1.891373 |title=Mistry defends book dropped at Mumbai University – Arts & Entertainment – CBC News |publisher=Cbc.ca |date=2010-10-19 |access-date=2015-12-02}}<br />—{{cite web |date=8 March 2012 |author=Mark Magnier |work=Los Angeles Times |url=https://articles.latimes.com/2012/mar/08/world/la-fg-india-temple-20120309 |title=In India, battle continues over Hindu temple's riches – latimes |access-date=2015-12-02}}</ref><br />[[Right-wing populism]]<ref>{{cite book|title=Comparative Political Thought|publisher=Routledge|first=Michael|last=Freesden|year=2013|page=82}}</ref>}}
 |successor              =
@@ Line 28: / Line 28: @@
 |website = {{URL|https://shivsena.in/}}
 |symbol = [[File:Indian Election Symbol Bow And Arrow.svg|150px]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Eknath Sinde faction gets Shiv Sena party name, bow and arrow symbol|url=https://telanganatoday.com/eknath-shinde-faction-gets-shiv-sena-party-name-bow-and-arrow-symbol|work=Telangana Today}}</ref>
-|loksabha_seats  = {{Composition bar|13|48|hex={{Party color|Shiv Sena}}}}
+|loksabha_seats  = {{Composition bar|13|543|hex={{Party color|Shiv Sena}}}}
 |rajyasabha_seats  = {{Composition bar|0|245|hex={{Party color|Shiv Sena}}}}
 | state_seats_name  = [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]
 |state_seats = {{Composition bar|40|288|hex={{Party color|Shiv Sena}}}}
 | state2_seats_name  = [[Maharashtra Legislative Council]]
-|state2_seats = {{Composition bar|01|78|hex={{Party color|Shiv Sena}}}}
+|state2_seats = {{Composition bar|03|78|hex={{Party color|Shiv Sena}}}}
 |flag= Shiv Sena-1575560401.jpg
-|eci=|Political position=[[Right wing]]|chairman=[[Eknath Shinde]]<ref name=K/>|abbreviation=SHS}}
+|eci=
+|abbreviation=SHS|colours={{colour box|{{party color|Shiv Sena}}}} [[Saffron]]}}
 {{Conservatism sidebar}}
 {{Nationalism sidebar}}
-'''Shiv Sena''' ([[IAST]]: ''Śhiva Sēnā'') ({{Literal translation|Army of [[Shivaji]]}}) is a [[Right-wing politics|right-wing]] to [[Far-right politics|far-right]] [[Marathi people|Marathi]] [[Regionalism (politics)|regionalist]] and [[Hindu nationalism|Hindu ultranationalist]] political party in [[India]] founded in 1966 by [[Bal Thackeray]].<ref name="BergerHeidemann2013">{{cite book |author1=Berger, Peter|author2=Heidemann, Frank |title=The Modern Anthropology of India: Ethnography, Themes and Theory |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sBgLb8XIGR8C&pg=PA179 |date=3 June 2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-06111-2 |page=179}}</ref> The party split in [[2022 Maharashtra political crisis|2022]] into [[Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)]] and [[Balasahebanchi Shiv Sena]] but was regained by the [[Eknath Shinde|Eknath Shinde led Faction]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Deshpande |first=Abhinay |date=2023-02-21 |title=Eknath Shinde to remain Shiv Sena's chief leader |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/shinde-chairs-shiv-senas-first-national-executive-meeting-seeks-bharat-ratna-for-savarkar/article66537902.ece |access-date=2023-02-22 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Its headquarters is situated in [[Thane]], [[Maharashtra]].
+'''Shiv Sena''' ([[IAST]]: ''Śhiva Sēnā'') ({{Literal translation|Army of [[Shivaji]]}}) is a [[Right-wing politics|right-wing]] [[Marathi people|Marathi]] [[Regionalism (politics)|regionalist]] and [[Hindu nationalism|Hindu]] [[Ultranationalism|ultranationalist]] political party in [[India]] founded in 1966 by [[Bal Thackeray]].<ref name="BergerHeidemann2013">{{cite book |author1=Berger, Peter|author2=Heidemann, Frank |title=The Modern Anthropology of India: Ethnography, Themes and Theory |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sBgLb8XIGR8C&pg=PA179 |date=3 June 2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-06111-2 |page=179}}</ref> Shiv Sena's election symbol is the ''Bow and Arrow.'' It uses the saffron colour in its flag and a image of a roaring tiger.<ref>{{cite news |author=Pradeep Kaushal |date=September 28, 2015 |title=Shiv Sena finds Jharkhand Mukti Morcha has first right to symbol |website=indianexpress.com |publisher=The Indian Express |location=New Delhi |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/shiv-sena-finds-jharkhand-mukti-morcha-has-first-right-to-symbol/lite/ |access-date=28 April 2020 |quote=Shivsena's bow-and-arrow symbol is the same as that of the Jharkhand Mukti Morcha.}}</ref>
-The party emerged from the Pro-[[Marathi people|Marathi]] [[Nativism (politics)|nativist]] movement in Bombay (present-day [[Mumbai]]), in which the party agitated for preferential treatment for the [[Marathi people]] over migrants from other parts of India.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/west/why-does-shinde-rebellion-hit-so-hard-a-look-at-shiv-senas-history-1122180.html| title=Why does Shinde rebellion hit so hard? A look at Shiv Sena's history | date=28 June 2022 }}</ref> It ran a strong movement against Gujrati and South Indian people who were living in Bombay, alleging they did not respect Marathi people and their [[Marathi culture|culture]]. Due to this, the party ran an anti-migrant agenda.<ref>{{Cite web |title=‘Jalebi-fafda Sunday’ was latest, Shiv Sena has been wooing Gujaratis for 5 yrs — but in vain |url=https://www.theprint.in/politics/jalebi-fafda-sunday-was-latest-shiv-sena-has-been-wooing-gujaratis-for-5-yrs-but-in-vain/583664/%3famp |url-status=live |website=[[The Print]]}}</ref> Shiva Sena's election symbol is the ''Bow and Arrow.'' It uses the saffron colour in its flag and a image of a roaring tiger.<ref>{{cite news |url =https://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/shiv-sena-finds-jharkhand-mukti-morcha-has-first-right-to-symbol/lite/|title =Shiv Sena finds Jharkhand Mukti Morcha has first right to symbol|publisher =The Indian Express|quote =Shivsena's bow-and-arrow symbol is the same as that of the Jharkhand Mukti Morcha.|location =New Delhi|date =September 28, 2015|website =indianexpress.com |author =Pradeep Kaushal|access-date =28 April 2020}}</ref> From 1966 to 2022 the party was ruled by the [[Thackeray family|Thackeray]] [[political family]].
-Although the party's primary base always remained in [[Maharashtra]], it tried to expand to a pan-Indian base. In the 1970s, it gradually moved from advocating a pro-Marathi ideology to supporting a broader Hindu nationalist agenda,<ref name="Rediff article: sons of the soil, lungi slogan, shakhas, south Indians in 1970, shift to Hindutva, defeat of communists/" /> and aligned itself with the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP). The party took part in Mumbai ([[Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation|BMC]]) municipal elections for its entire existence. In 1989, it entered into an alliance with the BJP for [[Lok Sabha]] as well as [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]] elections. The alliance in the latter was temporarily broken in the [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2014 elections]], although it was quickly reformed. Shiv Sena was a coalition partner in the BJP-led [[National Democratic Alliance]] (NDA) from 1998 until 2019, including the [[Vajpayee Government]] from 1998 to 2004 and the [[Narendra Modi Government]] from 2014 to 2019.
-Under [[Uddhav Thackeray]], Shiv Sena went through an interim ideological shift since its formation from right-wing Marathi regionalism and Hindutva nationalism towards liberalism and [[secularism]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=At first press meet, Uddhav Thackeray asked if Shiv Sena has become secular. He responds |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/at-first-press-meet-uddhav-thackeray-asked-if-shiv-sena-has-become-secular-he-answers/story-Zsi0sYK85DJa9PzThexUQJ.html |url-status=live |website=Hindustan Times|date=29 November 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title= |url=https://www.mid-day.com/amp/mumbai/mumbai-news/article/uddhav-thackeray-defines-shiv-senas-secular-hindutva-challenges-bjp-to-protect-kashmiri-pandits-23230876&ved=2ahUKEwiQu6ymtqb9AhVaBrcAHeQfC0QQFnoECCcQAQ&usg=AOvVaw0TjuXUywuukM6ihqVb6dp_ |url-status=live |website=Mid-day}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title= Uddhav Thackeray's failing trapeze act on secularism-Hindutva has lessons for other parties|url=https://theprint.in/opinion/uddhav-thackerays-failing-trapeze-act-on-secularism-hindutva-has-lessons-for-other-parties/1015211/ |url-status=live |website=The Print|date=28 June 2022 }}</ref> and composite nationalism. Under Thackeray, Shiva Sena formed an alliance with its former rivals, the liberal [[Indian National Congress]] and [[Nationalist Congress Party]], signalling a significant departure from its traditional pro-[[Hindutva]] stance.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-22 |title=Shinde to Uddhav: Have you become secular now? |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/shinde-to-uddhav-have-you-become-secular-now-8165241/ |access-date=2023-02-20 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title= Shiv Sena has turned pseudo-secular, says Devendra Fadnavis|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/shiv-sena-has-turned-pseudo-secular-says-devendra-fadnavis/article65308835.ece/amp/&ved=2ahUKEwjh55XU86P9AhV4-jgGHYjoD8kQFnoECA0QAQ&usg=AOvVaw0nKgJF1jLGXru_JLkw4pvo |url-status=live |access-date=2023-02-20 |website=The Hindu| date=10 April 2022 | last1=Banerjee | first1=Shoumojit }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=शिवसेना आधीपेक्षा मावळ झाली आहे का? |url=https://www.bbc.com/marathi/india-53098248&ved=2ahUKEwjh55XU86P9AhV4-jgGHYjoD8kQu7wFegQIFxAE&usg=AOvVaw0zwcqvUpEjP9hDl0Bosx0D |url-status=live |access-date=2023-02-20 |website=BBC Marathi}}</ref> This led to split and subsequent legal battle between the two factions, which resulted into Chief minister [[Eknath Shinde]] taking control of the party.<ref name="Now!">{{Cite web |last=Now {{!}} |first=Mirror |title=Shiv Sena battle: 'Victory of democracy', says Eknath Shinde on EC's order |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/shiv-sena-battle-victory-of-democracy-says-eknath-shinde-on-ecs-order/videoshow/98021847.cms |access-date=2023-02-20 |website=The Economic Times |language=en}}</ref>{{Efn|Eknath Shinde and his supporters say Shiva Sena party's orginal ideology is "Bala Thackeray's thinking" or "Balasaheb Thackeray's ideals".<ref>https://www.bbc.com/marathi/articles/cgl544k58ylo.amp&ved=2ahUKEwiJsKmau6b9AhWH9zgGHfV3AFg4FBAWegQIARAB&usg=AOvVaw22KXslKF_VOpgh5zpCPz8P</ref><ref name=K>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/shinde-chairs-shiv-senas-first-national-executive-meeting-seeks-bharat-ratna-for-savarkar/article66537902.ece|title=Eknath Shinde to remain Shiv Sena's chief leader|first=Abhinay|last=Deshpande|newspaper=The Hindu |date=21 February 2023|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>}}
+Initially apolitical, the organisation was patronised by the then Chief Minister [[Vasantrao Naik]] who used it for curbing trade unions and maintain stranglehold of the [[Indian National Congress|Congress]].<ref name="revolutionarydemocracy">{{cite web | title=Bal Thackeray | website=revolutionarydemocracy.org | date=2012-11-19 | url=https://www.revolutionarydemocracy.org/rdv19n1/thackeray.htm | access-date=2023-06-30}}</ref><ref name="Patel Thorner 1995">{{cite book | last1=Patel | first1=Sujata | last2=Thorner | first2=Alice | title=Bombay: Metaphor for Modern India | publisher=Oxford University Press | series=Oxford India paperbacks | year=1995 | isbn=978-0-19-563688-8 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d-TZAAAAMAAJ | page=272|quote=The then chief minister of Maharashtra, Vasantrao Naik, deliberately encouraged this newly formed political grouping— despite its narrow concern with Maharashtra for Maharashtrians - to break the stranglehold of the Left unions}}</ref><ref name="Srivastava">{{cite book | last=Srivastava | first=A. | title=Sensex Of Regional Parties: Bestseller Book by Aaku Srivastava: Sensex Of Regional Parties | publisher=Prabhat Prakashan | year=2022 | isbn=978-93-5521-236-8 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OEeHEAAAQBAJ| page=80}}</ref> The organisation at the same time carried out pro-[[Marathi people|Marathi]] [[Nativism (politics)|nativist]] movement in [[Mumbai]] in which it agitated for preferential treatment for the Marathi people over migrants from other parts of India.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/west/why-does-shinde-rebellion-hit-so-hard-a-look-at-shiv-senas-history-1122180.html| title=Why does Shinde rebellion hit so hard? A look at Shiv Sena's history | date=28 June 2022 }}</ref> It ran a strong movement against South Indian people who were living in Bombay, alleging they did not respect Marathi people and their [[Marathi culture|culture]].
-On 21 February 2023, Shiv Sena declared Eknath Shinde as its chief leader.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Deshpande |first=Abhinay |date=2023-02-21 |title=Eknath Shinde to remain Shiv Sena's chief leader |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/shinde-chairs-shiv-senas-first-national-executive-meeting-seeks-bharat-ratna-for-savarkar/article66537902.ece |access-date=2023-02-22 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
+Although Shiv Sena's primary base always remained in [[Maharashtra]], it tried to expand to a pan-Indian base. In the 1970s, it gradually moved from advocating a pro-Marathi ideology to supporting a broader Hindu nationalist agenda,<ref name="Rediff article: sons of the soil, lungi slogan, shakhas, south Indians in 1970, shift to Hindutva, defeat of communists/" /> and aligned itself with the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP). Shiv Sena took part in Mumbai ([[Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation|BMC]]) municipal elections for its entire existence. In 1989, it entered into an alliance with the BJP for [[Lok Sabha]] as well as [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]] elections. The alliance in the latter was temporarily broken in the [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2014 elections]], although it was quickly reformed. Shiv Sena was a coalition partner in the BJP-led [[National Democratic Alliance]] (NDA) from 1998 until 2019, including the [[Vajpayee Government]] from 1998 to 2004 and the [[Narendra Modi Government]] from 2014 to 2019.
-Soon later, [[Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)]] faction moved to [[Supreme Court of India]]. In later developments [[Chief Justice of India]], [[Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud]] said <blockquote>"They broke bread for three years. They broke bread with (Congress) and NCP for three years. What happened overnight after three years of happy marriage?"</blockquote> and also criticised then governor [[Bhagat Singh Koshiyari]] for being oblivious during the [[2022 Maharashtra Political crisis]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/in-sena-vs-sena-strong-remarks-by-supreme-court-on-governors-role-3863153|title="Governor Can't Be Oblivious...": Supreme Court's Big Remark In Sena Case}}</ref> [[Supreme Court of India|SC]] also observed that governer cannot perticipate in government fall.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2023/mar/16/governorcant-precipitate-govt-fall-observes-sc-on-maharashtracrisis-2556491.amp|title=Governor can’t precipitate govt fall, observes SC on Maharashtra crisis}}</ref>
+Under [[Uddhav Thackeray]], Shiva Sena formed an alliance with its former rivals, the [[Indian National Congress]] and [[Nationalist Congress Party]], signalling a significant departure from its traditional pro-[[Hindutva]] stance.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-22 |title=Shinde to Uddhav: Have you become secular now? |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/shinde-to-uddhav-have-you-become-secular-now-8165241/ |access-date=2023-02-20 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title= Shiv Sena has turned pseudo-secular, says Devendra Fadnavis|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/shiv-sena-has-turned-pseudo-secular-says-devendra-fadnavis/article65308835.ece/amp/&ved=2ahUKEwjh55XU86P9AhV4-jgGHYjoD8kQFnoECA0QAQ&usg=AOvVaw0nKgJF1jLGXru_JLkw4pvo |url-status=live |access-date=2023-02-20 |website=The Hindu| date=10 April 2022 | last1=Banerjee | first1=Shoumojit }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=शिवसेना आधीपेक्षा मावळ झाली आहे का? |url=https://www.bbc.com/marathi/india-53098248&ved=2ahUKEwjh55XU86P9AhV4-jgGHYjoD8kQu7wFegQIFxAE&usg=AOvVaw0zwcqvUpEjP9hDl0Bosx0D |url-status=live |access-date=2023-02-20 |website=BBC Marathi }}{{Dead link|date=May 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
-Allegedly the party had a powerful hold over the [[Hindi cinema|Hindi film industry]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/india/8073240/Author-Rohinton-Mistry-slams-Mumbai-University-after-book-ban.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/india/8073240/Author-Rohinton-Mistry-slams-Mumbai-University-after-book-ban.html |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Author Rohinton Mistry slams Mumbai University after book ban |access-date=27 August 2012 |last=Dean |first= Nelson |publisher= telegraph.co.uk }}{{cbignore}}</ref> It has been alleged as an "[[Extremism|extremist]]",<ref>{{cite book |author1=Ahmed, Z.S. |author2=Balasubramanian, R. |year=2010 |title=Extremism in Pakistan and India: The Case of the Jamaat-e-Islami and Shiv Sena |publisher=Regional Centre for Strategic Studies (RCSS) |location=[[Colombo]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Mehta |first=Ved |title=Rajiv Gandhi and Rama's Kingdom |year=1994 |url=https://archive.org/details/rajivgandhiramas00meht|url-access=registration | publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |location=[[New Haven, Connecticut|New Haven]], Connecticut |page=[https://archive.org/details/rajivgandhiramas00meht/page/157 157]|isbn=9780300060386 }}</ref> "''chauvinist",''{{Clarify|reason=What this mean ?|date=February 2023}}<ref>{{cite book |last=Bagchi |first=Amiya |title=Capital and Labour Redefined:India and the Third World |year=2002 |publisher=Anthem Press |location=[[London]] |page=344}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Kaminsky |first=Arnold |title=India Today: An Encyclopedia of Life in the Republic |url=https://archive.org/details/indiatodayvolume00kami|url-access=limited |year=2011 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |location=[[Santa Barbara, California|Santa Barbara]], California |page=[https://archive.org/details/indiatodayvolume00kami/page/n688 628]}}</ref> or "[[Fascism|fascist]]" party.<ref name="Chandavarkar2">{{cite book |last=Chandavarkar |first=Rajnayaran |title=History, Culture and the Indian City |url=https://archive.org/details/historyculturein00chan |url-access=limited |date=3 September 2009 |publisher=[[Cambridge University]] Press |isbn=978-0-521-76871-9 |page=[https://archive.org/details/historyculturein00chan/page/n42 29] |edition=1st}}</ref><ref name="Jeff2011">{{cite book | author=Jeff Haynes | title=Religion, Politics and International Relations | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XpO2s24WMowC&pg=PA150 | access-date=18 November 2012 | date=7 April 2011 | publisher=Taylor & Francis | isbn=978-1-136-73753-4 | page=150}}</ref> Shiv Sena has been allegedly blamed for the [[1970 Bhiwandi riots|1970 communal violence]] in [[Bhiwandi]], the [[1984 Bhiwandi riot]], and violence in the [[Bombay riots|1992–1993 Bombay riots]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Human Rights Watch World Report 1999 |year=1998 |publisher=Human Rights Watch |isbn=978-1-56432-190-9 |page=[https://archive.org/details/humanrightswatch00huma_0/page/186 186] |url=https://archive.org/details/humanrightswatch00huma_0/page/186 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Brown |first=Cynthia |title=Playing the "communal Card": Communal Violence and Human Rights |year=1995 |publisher=Human Rights Watch |isbn=978-1-56432-152-7 |page=[https://archive.org/details/playingcommunalc00brow/page/27 27] |url=https://archive.org/details/playingcommunalc00brow/page/27 }}</ref>
+The party has had a powerful hold over the [[Hindi cinema|Hindi film industry]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/india/8073240/Author-Rohinton-Mistry-slams-Mumbai-University-after-book-ban.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/india/8073240/Author-Rohinton-Mistry-slams-Mumbai-University-after-book-ban.html |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Author Rohinton Mistry slams Mumbai University after book ban |access-date=27 August 2012 |last=Dean |first= Nelson |publisher= telegraph.co.uk }}{{cbignore}}</ref> It has been described as an "[[Extremism|extremist]]",<ref>{{cite book |author1=Ahmed, Z.S. |author2=Balasubramanian, R. |year=2010 |title=Extremism in Pakistan and India: The Case of the Jamaat-e-Islami and Shiv Sena |publisher=Regional Centre for Strategic Studies (RCSS) |location=[[Colombo]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Mehta |first=Ved |title=Rajiv Gandhi and Rama's Kingdom |year=1994 |url=https://archive.org/details/rajivgandhiramas00meht|url-access=registration | publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |location=[[New Haven, Connecticut|New Haven]], Connecticut |page=[https://archive.org/details/rajivgandhiramas00meht/page/157 157]|isbn=9780300060386 }}</ref> "[[Chauvinism|chauvinist]]"'',''<ref>{{cite book |last=Bagchi |first=Amiya |title=Capital and Labour Redefined:India and the Third World |year=2002 |publisher=Anthem Press |location=[[London]] |page=344}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Kaminsky |first=Arnold |title=India Today: An Encyclopedia of Life in the Republic |url=https://archive.org/details/indiatodayvolume00kami|url-access=limited |year=2011 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |location=[[Santa Barbara, California|Santa Barbara]], California |page=[https://archive.org/details/indiatodayvolume00kami/page/n688 628]}}</ref> or "[[Fascism|fascist]]" party.<ref name="Chandavarkar2">{{cite book |last=Chandavarkar |first=Rajnayaran |title=History, Culture and the Indian City |url=https://archive.org/details/historyculturein00chan |url-access=limited |date=3 September 2009 |publisher=[[Cambridge University]] Press |isbn=978-0-521-76871-9 |page=[https://archive.org/details/historyculturein00chan/page/n42 29] |edition=1st}}</ref><ref name="Jeff2011">{{cite book | author=Jeff Haynes | title=Religion, Politics and International Relations | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XpO2s24WMowC&pg=PA150 | access-date=18 November 2012 | date=7 April 2011 | publisher=Taylor & Francis | isbn=978-1-136-73753-4 | page=150}}</ref> Shiv Sena has been allegedly involved in the [[1970 Bhiwandi riots|1970 communal violence]] in [[Bhiwandi]], the [[1984 Bhiwandi riot]], and violence in the [[Bombay riots|1992–1993 Bombay riots]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Human Rights Watch World Report 1999 |year=1998 |publisher=Human Rights Watch |isbn=978-1-56432-190-9 |page=[https://archive.org/details/humanrightswatch00huma_0/page/186 186] |url=https://archive.org/details/humanrightswatch00huma_0/page/186 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Brown |first=Cynthia |title=Playing the "communal Card": Communal Violence and Human Rights |year=1995 |publisher=Human Rights Watch |isbn=978-1-56432-152-7 |page=[https://archive.org/details/playingcommunalc00brow/page/27 27] |url=https://archive.org/details/playingcommunalc00brow/page/27 }}</ref>
 The party draws its strength from the support of the [[Maratha]] and [[Kunbi]] communities of Maharashtra which Shiv Sena drew away from the [[Indian National Congress]].<ref name="auto">{{cite book|title=Caste, Class, and Capital: The Social and Political Origins of Economic Policy in India |author=Kanta Murali|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2017|pages=236–237|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RFLTDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA236|quote=Shiv Sena's strength primarily came from Maratha support, which it drew away from the Congress|isbn=978-1-107-15450-6}}</ref>
@@ Line 58: / Line 55: @@
 ===Origins===
-After the [[Independence of India]] in 1947, regional administrative divisions from the colonial era were gradually changed and states following linguistic borders were created. Within the [[Bombay Presidency]], a massive popular struggle was launched for the creation of a state for the Marathi-speaking people. In 1960, the presidency was divided into two linguistic states - [[Gujarat]] and [[Maharashtra]]. Moreover, Marathi-speaking areas of the erstwhile [[Hyderabad state]] were joined with Maharashtra. Bombay, in many ways the economic capital of India, became the state capital of Maharashtra. On one hand, people belonging to the [[Gujarati people|Gujarati]] community owned the majority of the industry and trade enterprises in the city.<ref name="Public sector, Threats against other communities, businesses owned especially by Gujarati and Marwaris/">
+After the [[Independence of India]] in 1947, regional administrative divisions from the colonial era were gradually changed and states following linguistic borders were created. Within the [[Bombay Presidency]], a massive popular struggle was launched for the creation of a state for the Marathi-speaking people. In 1960, the presidency was divided into two linguistic states: [[Gujarat]] and [[Maharashtra]]. Moreover, Marathi-speaking areas of the erstwhile [[Hyderabad state]] were joined with Maharashtra. Bombay, in many ways the economic capital of India, became the state capital of Maharashtra. On one hand, people belonging to the [[Gujarati people|Gujarati]] community owned the majority of the industry and trade enterprises in the city.<ref name="Public sector, Threats against other communities, businesses owned especially by Gujarati and Marwaris/">
 {{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Sena-fate-From-roar-to-meow/articleshow/1311115.cms |title=Sena fate: From roar to meow |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=2006-08-11 |date=29 November 2005}}
 </ref>
 On the other hand, there was a steady flow of [[South India]]n migrants to the city who came to take many white-collar jobs.
-In 1960 [[Bal Thackeray]], a Bombay-based cartoonist, began publishing the satirical cartoon weekly ''[[Marmik]]''. Through this publication, he started disseminating anti-migrant sentiments. On 19 June 1966, Thackeray founded the Shiv Sena as a political organisation.
+In 1960 [[Bal Thackeray]], a Mumbai-based cartoonist, began publishing the satirical cartoon weekly ''[[Marmik]]''. Through this publication, he started disseminating anti-migrant sentiments. On 19 June 1966, Thackeray founded the Shiv Sena as a political organisation.
 The Shiv Sena attracted many unemployed Marathi youth, who were attracted by Thackeray's charged anti-migrant oratory. Shiv Sena cadres became involved in various attacks against the South Indian communities, vandalizing South Indian restaurants and pressuring employers to hire Marathis.<ref name="Rediff article: sons of the soil, lungi slogan, shakhas, south Indians in 1970, shift to Hindutva, defeat of communists/">{{cite web |url=http://in.rediff.com/election/2004/apr/23espec3.htm |title=Know Your Party: Shiv Sena |work=Rediff.com |access-date=2006-07-22}}</ref>
+Initially apolitical, the organisation was patronised by the then Chief Minister [[Vasantrao Naik]] who used it for curbing trade unions and maintain stranglehold of the Congress.<ref name="revolutionarydemocracy"/><ref name="Patel Thorner 1995"/> Because of its close association with Vasantrao, the organisation was also referred to as "Vasant Sena".<ref name="revolutionarydemocracy"/><ref name="Srivastava"/>
 ===Alliance with the Bharatiya Janata Party===
@@ Line 72: / Line 71: @@
 The party began a coalition with the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) for seats in the [[Lok Sabha]] and the [[Maharashtra Assembly]] from 1989. The two formed a government in Maharashtra between 1995 and 1999.<ref name="BJP Shivsena 25 year">{{cite web |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/maharashtra-elections-bjp-ends-25yearold-alliance-with-shiv-sena-as-seat-sharing-talks-fail/501837-3-237.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140927093832/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/maharashtra-elections-bjp-ends-25yearold-alliance-with-shiv-sena-as-seat-sharing-talks-fail/501837-3-237.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2014-09-27 |title=Maharashtra elections: BJP ends 25-year-old alliance with Shiv Sena as seat-sharing talks fail |publisher=ibnlive.in.com |access-date=2014-10-26}}</ref> The Sena was the opposition party in the state along with the BJP from 1999 to 2014. However, the 25 year alliance with the BJP was threatened in [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2014 Maharashtra Assembly elections]] over seat sharing and both contested the election independently.<ref name="BJP Shivsena 25 year"/> With the BJP becoming the largest party following the 2014 election, Sena declared opposition. However, after negotiations, Sena agreed to join the government in Maharashtra.<ref name=join>[http://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/shiv-sena-to-join-fadnavis-govt-accepts-offer-of-12-cabinet-berths/ Shiv Sena to join Fadnavis govt; gives up claim to home minister, deputy CM post], Indian Express, 4 December 2014</ref> The Shiv Sena-BJP combine governs the [[Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation]]. Traditionally the main strongholds of Shiv Sena have been Mumbai and the [[Konkan]] coastal areas. However, in the [[2004 Indian general elections|2004 Lok Sabha elections]] the result was reversed. The Shiv Sena made inroads in the interior parts of the state, while suffering losses in Mumbai.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://m.timesofindia.com/city/mumbai/maharashtra-political-crisis-what-made-eknath-shinde-turn-against-shiv-sena/articleshow/92372903.cms |url-status=live |title=Maharashtra MVA crisis: What made Eknath Shinde turn against ..|website=[[The Times of India]] |date=22 June 2022 }}</ref>
-===Formation of Maharashtra Navnirman Sena===
+===Formation of Maharashtra Navanirman Sena===
 In July 2005, Former [[List of chief ministers of Maharashtra|Maharashtra Chief Minister]] and Sena leader [[Narayan Rane]] was expelled from the party, which sparked internal conflict in the party. In December the same year [[Raj Thackeray]], Bal Thackeray's nephew, left the party.<ref>
 {{cite news |title=Senior Shiv Sena leader quits |publisher=BBC |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4539588.stm |date=18 December 2005 |access-date=2014-10-25}}
@@ Line 87: / Line 86: @@
 === Ideology shifts ===
-The Shiv Sena party's ideology has undergone changes since its formation. Initially, it started with the ideology of Marathi [[Regionalism (politics)|regionalism]] under the leadership of [[Bal Thackeray|Balasaheb Thackeray]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Purandare |first=Vaibhav |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JS1hBAAAQBAJ |title=Bal Thackeray & The Rise of the Shiv Sena |date=2013-02-27 |publisher=Roli Books Private Limited |isbn=978-81-7436-991-8 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Joshi, R. 1970"/> However, the party shifted towards [[ultranationalism]] and [[right-wing populism]] over time, which helped them form an alliance with the [[Bharatiya Janata Party|Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)]].<ref>{{Citation |last=Banerjee |first=Sikata |title=Mobilization of the Shiv Sena |date=2021-10-22 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429268564-5 |work=Warriors in Politics |pages=111–130 |place=New York |publisher=Routledge |doi=10.4324/9780429268564-5 |isbn=9780429268564 |s2cid=239541679 |access-date=2023-02-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Chhibber |first1=Pradeep K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nJRqDwAAQBAJ&q=BJP+Shiv+Sena+alliance |title=Ideology and Identity: The Changing Party Systems of India |last2=Verma |first2=Rahul |date=2018-08-24 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-062390-6 |language=en}}</ref> {{Verify source|date=February 2023}} When Uddhav Thackeray became the party leader, he gradually shifted towards composite nationalism and formed an alliance with the Congress and Nationalist Congress Party (NCP).<ref>{{Cite web |title= |url=https://www.news18.com/amp/news/opinion/how-shiv-sena-deviated-from-bal-thackerays-hardcore-hindutva-agenda-and-paid-a-heavy-price-5488813.html&ved=2ahUKEwjwqvfNrqb9AhVE3jgGHYFPDbQQFnoECA8QAQ&usg=AOvVaw0Oz3PuXCy1Ke2pc0WCVooM |access-date=2023-02-21 |website=News 18}}</ref> This shift in ideology was a significant departure from Shiv Sena's traditional stance, as the party had been historically opposed to the [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] and [[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]] for the majority of its existence. This change in stance did not sit well with some party members, including [[Eknath Shinde]], who requested Uddhav to stick to the original ideology of Balasaheb Thackeray.<ref>{{Cite web |title='Uddhav Faction Betrayed Balasaheb's Ideology': Amit Shah Lauds Eknath Shinde's Win in Shiv Sena Row |url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/uddhav-faction-betrayed-balasahebs-ideology-amit-shah-lauds-eknath-shindes-win-in-shiv-sena-row-2574921.html |access-date=2023-02-20 |website=Zee News |language=en}}</ref>
+The Shiv Sena party's ideology has undergone changes since its formation. Initially, it started with the ideology of Marathi [[Regionalism (politics)|regionalism]] under the leadership of [[Bal Thackeray]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Purandare |first=Vaibhav |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JS1hBAAAQBAJ |title=Bal Thackeray & The Rise of the Shiv Sena |date=2013-02-27 |publisher=Roli Books Private Limited |isbn=978-81-7436-991-8 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Joshi, R. 1970"/> However, the party shifted towards [[ultranationalism]] and [[right-wing populism]] over time, which helped them form an alliance with the [[Bharatiya Janata Party|Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)]].<ref>{{Citation |last=Banerjee |first=Sikata |title=Mobilization of the Shiv Sena |date=2021-10-22 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429268564-5 |work=Warriors in Politics |pages=111–130 |place=New York |publisher=Routledge |doi=10.4324/9780429268564-5 |isbn=9780429268564 |s2cid=239541679 |access-date=2023-02-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Chhibber |first1=Pradeep K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nJRqDwAAQBAJ&q=BJP+Shiv+Sena+alliance |title=Ideology and Identity: The Changing Party Systems of India |last2=Verma |first2=Rahul |date=2018-08-24 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-062390-6 |language=en}}</ref> {{Verify source|date=February 2023}} When [[Uddhav Thackeray]] became the party leader, he gradually shifted towards composite nationalism and formed an alliance with the Congress and Nationalist Congress Party (NCP).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.news18.com/amp/news/opinion/how-shiv-sena-deviated-from-bal-thackerays-hardcore-hindutva-agenda-and-paid-a-heavy-price-5488813.html%26ved%3D2ahUKEwjwqvfNrqb9AhVE3jgGHYFPDbQQFnoECA8QAQ%26usg%3DAOvVaw0Oz3PuXCy1Ke2pc0WCVooM |title=Archived copy |access-date=25 June 2023 |archive-date=21 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221104807/https://www.news18.com/amp/news/opinion/how-shiv-sena-deviated-from-bal-thackerays-hardcore-hindutva-agenda-and-paid-a-heavy-price-5488813.html%26ved%3D2ahUKEwjwqvfNrqb9AhVE3jgGHYFPDbQQFnoECA8QAQ%26usg%3DAOvVaw0Oz3PuXCy1Ke2pc0WCVooM |url-status=dead }}</ref> This shift in ideology was a significant departure from Shiv Sena's traditional stance, as the party had been historically opposed to the [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] and [[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]] for the majority of its existence.
-However, Uddhav chose to change the party's ideology to maintain the alliance with the [[Maha Vikas Aghadi|Maha Vikas Aaghadi]]. This led to a legal battle between the factions, which resulted in Eknath Shinde taking control of the party.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-20 |title='Have no claim on Balasaheb's property, just taking forward his ideology': Eknath Shinde |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/have-no-claim-on-balasahebs-property-just-taking-forward-his-ideology-eknath-shinde-article-98102016 |access-date=2023-02-20 |website=TimesNow |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Now!"/>
-=== 2022 Maharashtra political crisis and split ===
-Following the [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]], which was contested by Shiv Sena as part of an alliance with the BJP.
-In January 2018, Shiv Sena officially cut ties with the BJP and their [[National Democratic Alliance]] (NDA) coalition ahead of the [[2019 Indian general election]] after nearly 30 years of campaigning alongside the BJP.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 January 2018 |title=Shiv Sena Breaks Ties With BJP In Maharashtra |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.in/2018/01/23/shiv-sena-breaks-ties-with-bjp-in-maharashtra_a_23341772/}}</ref> But in February 2019, BJP and Shiv Sena announced the resumption of their alliance for the general elections as well as the [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>{{cite news |date=18 February 2019 |title=BJP and Shiv Sena seal deal for 2019 Lok Sabha polls; to contest in 25, 23 seats respectively |newspaper=Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/bjp-and-shiv-sena-seal-deal-for-2019-lok-sabha-polls-to-contest-in-25-23-seats-respectively/articleshow/68051183.cms |access-date=26 March 2019}}</ref> The election saw Shiv Sena lose votes, after which they declined to support the BJP in forming a government over the BJP's refusal to engage in power-sharing. Shiv Sena withdrew from the NDA, precipitating a [[2019 Maharashtra political crisis|political crisis in late October-early November 2019]]. Ultimately, the crisis led to party leader Uddhav becoming Chief Minister through the support of the [[Indian National Congress]] and the [[Nationalist Congress Party]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-11-12 |title=BJP loses its oldest ally Shiv Sena |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/maharashtra/bjp-loses-its-oldest-ally-shiv-sena/articleshow/72010644.cms |access-date=2020-03-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=14 November 2019 |title=Maharashtra: The unravelling of India's BJP and Shiv Sena alliance |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-50402748 |access-date=24 June 2022}}</ref><ref name="BJP split">{{cite news |date=17 November 2019 |title=Inside the Shiv Sena-BJP split: Cracks appeared before Lok Sabha polls |language=en |work=Hindustan Times |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/inside-the-sena-bjp-split-cracks-appeared-before-lok-sabha-polls/story-LeVz0TFMDTxPuzEgzvTTbL.html |access-date=24 June 2022}}</ref> The three parties formed the [[Maha Vikas Aghadi]] sub-alliance to [[Thackeray ministry|govern]] Maharashtra.<ref name="Wasted 25 Years">{{cite news |date=23 January 2022 |title="Wasted 25 Years In Alliance With BJP...," Says Uddhav Thackeray |work=NDTV.com |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/uddhav-thackeray-says-wasted-25-years-in-alliance-with-bjp-2725461 |access-date=24 January 2022}}</ref>
-In 2022, during a party meeting, Uddhav explained his move to pull out of NDA to join the [[United Progressive Alliance]]. "We supported the BJP wholeheartedly to enable them to fulfil their national ambitions. The understanding was they will go national while we will lead in Maharashtra. But we were betrayed and attempts were made to destroy us in our home. So we had to hit back". Thackeray accused BJP of dumping its allies according to its political convenience. He said, "BJP doesn't mean Hindutva. I stand by my comment that Shiv Sena had wasted 25 years in alliance with BJP."<ref name="Wasted 25 Years" />{{Cleanup inline|date=February 2023}}
-Shinde was in favor of breaking the [[Maha Vikas Aghadi]] and reestablishing alliance with the BJP.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-25 |title='Want to save Shiv Sena from python MVA,' says Eknath Shinde|url=https://www.firstpost.com/politics/want-to-save-shiv-sena-from-python-mva-says-eknath-shinde-as-16-rebel-mlas-receive-disqualification-notice-10837731.html/amp |access-date=2022-07-01 |website=Firstpost |language=en}}</ref> He requested Uddhav to break the [[Maha Vikas Aghadi]] alliance due to ideological differences and unfair treatment by [[Indian National Congress|Congress Party]] and [[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 22, 2022 |first=Chaitanya |last=Marpakwar |title=Maharashtra MVA crisis: What made Eknath Shinde turn against Shiv Sena |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/maharashtra-political-crisis-what-made-eknath-shinde-turn-against-shiv-sena/articleshow/92372903.cms |access-date=2022-07-01 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> His fellow Shiv Sena members said that their complaints were ignored by Uddhav and he favored [[Indian National Congress|Congress Party]] and [[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]] over his own Shiv Sena members.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Uddhav Thackeray Left 52 Sena MLAs, His Home, But Not Sharad Pawar: Rebels |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/uddhav-thackeray-left-52-sena-mlas-cms-residence-but-not-sharad-pawar-rebel-shiv-sena-mlas-3110858 |access-date=2022-07-01 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=June 24, 2022 |first=Abhishek |last=Choudhari |title=Ramtek Ind MLA joins rebel Sena group, says CM ignored his plaints |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/ramtek-ind-mla-joins-rebel-sena-group-says-cm-ignored-his-plaints/articleshow/92419491.cms |access-date=2022-07-01 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> Shinde gathered 2/3rd members from his party to support his request.<ref>{{Cite web |agency=PTI|date=Jun 29, 2022 |title=Maharashtra crisis: Uddhav Thackeray-led faction in hopeless minority within party, Eknath Shinde to SC |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/maharashtra-crisis-uddhav-thackeray-led-faction-in-hopeless-minority-within-party-eknath-shinde-to-sc/articleshow/92550287.cms |access-date=2022-06-30 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> The [[2022 Maharashtra political crisis|crisis]] began on 21 June 2022 when Shinde and several other [[Member of the Legislative Assembly|MLAs]] of the [[Maha Vikas Aghadi]] (MVA) coalition moved to [[Surat]] in BJP-governed [[Gujarat]], throwing the coalition into a chaos.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 21, 2022 |first=Darpan |last=Singh |title=Maharashtra political crisis: Why MVA coalition has always looked fragile |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/news-analysis/story/maharashtra-political-crisis-maha-vikas-aghadi-coalition-1965022-2022-06-21 |access-date=2022-06-23 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Karthikeyan |first=Suchitra |date=2022-06-22 |title=Maharashtra Political Crisis: MVA slides into minority; here's how the numbers stand |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/maharashtra-political-crisis-mva-slides-into-minority-heres-how-the-numbers-stand/article65548913.ece |access-date=2022-06-23 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-23 |title=What's next in the Maharashtra political crisis? Decoding the future of the MVA alliance |url=https://www.firstpost.com/politics/whats-next-in-the-maharashtra-political-crisis-decoding-the-future-of-the-mva-alliance-10826921.html |access-date=2022-06-23 |website=Firstpost |language=en}}</ref>
+=== 2022 Political crisis and split in the party===
-As a result of Shinde's revolt, Uddhav Thackeray resigned from the post of [[List of chief ministers of Maharashtra|Chief Minister of Maharashtra]] and said that he will also resign from the [[Maharashtra Legislative Council]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-29 |title='Don't want to play these games. I resign': Uddhav Thackeray ahead of trust vote |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/uddhav-thackeray-maharashtra-cm-floor-test-101656518180649.html |access-date=2022-06-29 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=June 29, 2022 |title=You have brought down Balasaheb's son: Uddhav Thackeray resigns as Maharashtra CM |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/uddhav-thackeray-resigns-as-maharashtra-chief-minister-assembly-floor-test-1968314-2022-06-29 |access-date=2022-06-29 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
+{{main|2022 Maharashtra political crisis}}
-Shinde successfully reestablished alliance with BJP and was sworn in as the 20th Chief Minister, with BJP's [[Devendra Fadnavis]] as the [[Deputy Chief Minister of Maharashtra|Deputy Chief Minister]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-30 |title=Maharashtra political crisis Live Updates: PM Modi congratulates Shinde, Fadnavis on becoming CM, Dy CM |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/maharashtra-political-crisis-news-live-updates-shiv-sena-eknath-shinde-supreme-court-uddhav-thackeray-7993148/ |access-date=2022-06-30 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Fadnavis's masterstroke: Rebel Shiv Sena leader Eknath Shinde to be next Maharashtra CM, move corners Uddhav further |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2022/jun/30/eknath-shinde-will-take-oath-as-next-maharashtra-cm-says-fadnavis-as-rebel-shiv-sena-leader-announce-2471469.html |access-date=2022-06-30 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>
-===Election Commission intervention===
+In late June 2022, [[Eknath Shinde]], a senior Shiv Sena leader, and the majority of [[Member of the Legislative Assembly|MLAs]] from Shiv Sena joined hands with the BJP.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Karthikeyan |first=Suchitra |date=2022-06-22 |title=Maharashtra Political Crisis: MVA slides into minority; here's how the numbers stand |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/maharashtra-political-crisis-mva-slides-into-minority-heres-how-the-numbers-stand/article65548913.ece |access-date=2023-04-04 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-23 |title=What's next in the Maharashtra political crisis? Decoding the future of the MVA alliance |url=https://www.firstpost.com/politics/whats-next-in-the-maharashtra-political-crisis-decoding-the-future-of-the-mva-alliance-10826921.html |access-date=2023-04-04 |website=Firstpost |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-06-22 |title=Maharashtra: The political crisis brewing in India's richest state |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-61891133 |access-date=2023-04-04}}</ref> Governor [[Bhagat Singh Koshyari]] called for a trust vote, an action that would later on be described as a "sad spectacle" <ref>{{Cite news |last=Rajagopal |first=Krishnadas |date=2023-03-15 |title=Governors cannot precipitate the fall of elected governments: Supreme Court |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/governors-cannot-precipitate-the-fall-of-elected-governments-supreme-court/article66623480.ece |access-date=2023-04-04 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> by [[Supreme Court of India]], and draw criticism from Political Observers.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-03-21 |title=Should India abolish its state governors? |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-65014164 |access-date=2023-04-04}}</ref> [[Uddhav Thackeray]] resigned from the post as chief minister well as a MLC member ahead of [[Motion of no confidence|no-confidence motion]] on 29 June 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-29 |title=Not keen on games, but not going away forever: Uddhav Thackeray's parting note as Maha CM |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/uddhav-thackeray-maharashtra-cm-floor-test-101656518180649.html |access-date=2023-04-04 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> Shinde subsequently formed a new coalition with the BJP, and was sworn in as the Chief Minister on 30 June 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-27 |title=Maharashtra political crisis Highlights {{!}} First Shinde cabinet decision: Metro-3 car shed to be built inside Aarey forest |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/maharashtra-political-crisis-news-live-updates-shiv-sena-eknath-shinde-supreme-court-uddhav-thackeray-7993148/ |access-date=2023-04-04 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> Uddhav Thackeray filed a lawsuit with the [[Supreme Court of India]] claiming that Eknath Shinde and his group's actions meant that they were disqualified under the [[Anti-defection law (India)|anti-defection law]], with Eknath Shinde claiming that he has not defected, but rather represents the true Shiv Sena party.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=NETWORK |first=LIVELAW NEWS |date=2023-03-16 |title=Shiv Sena Case : Supreme Court Constitution Bench Reserves Judgment |url=https://www.livelaw.in/top-stories/shiv-sena-case-supreme-court-constitution-bench-reserves-judgment-uddhav-thackeray-eknath-shinde-maharashtra-223929 |access-date=2023-04-04 |website=www.livelaw.in |language=en}}</ref> The case is currently being heard by [[Supreme Court of India]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Rajagopal |first=Krishnadas |date=2023-03-16 |title=Supreme Court reserves judgment on Maharashtra political row |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/absolutely-no-freedom-in-regional-parties-many-run-by-single-family-sc-on-maharashtra-row/article66628047.ece |access-date=2023-04-04 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The parties split into two factions: [[Balasahebanchi Shiv Sena]] led by Shinde and [[Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)]] led by Thackeray.
-Following a split in the Shiv Sena political party, both Uddhav and Shinde claimed the party's name and symbol, causing widespread confusion. Shinde subsequently filed a petition  in the [[Election Commission of India]] (ECI) staking his claim to the 'Shiv Sena' name and the bow and arrow symbol. The ECI ruled in favor of Shinde's faction based on the strength of its legislative wing, rather than on the organizational wing, as the latest Constitution of the party was not on record. The Election Commission also found the changes made to the Shiv Sena party constitution in 2018, under the leadership of Uddhav Thackeray, to be undemocratic. The amendments centralized the party's control and were criticized for not allowing free, fair, and transparent elections for the party positions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Uddhav Thackeray Loses Name, Symbol Of Shiv Sena Founded By Father |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/eknath-shinde-faction-gets-shiv-senas-bow-and-arrow-poll-symbol-3791900 |access-date=2023-02-22 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref> The Shinde faction was found to have the majority in the legislative wing, with 40 Members in the Legislative Assembly and 13 Members of Parliament supporting it. As a result, the ECI allowed Shinde's faction to retain the Shiv Sena name and the bow and arrow symbol.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Roy |first=Debayan |title=Supreme Court declines to stay EC order recognising Eknath Shinde faction as Shiv Sena; allows Thackeray to use 'flaming torch' for bye-polls |url=https://www.barandbench.com/news/litigation/supreme-court-declines-stay-ec-order-recognsining-eknath-shinde-faction-shiv-sena-allows-thackeray-use-flaming-torch-bye-polls |access-date=2023-02-22 |website=Bar and Bench - Indian Legal news |language=en}}</ref>
-After hearing on 17 February 2023 the [[Election Commission of India|Election Commission]] recognized [[Balasahebanchi Shiv Sena|Eknath Shinde's faction]] as the real Shiv Sena.<ref name=":23">{{Cite news |last=Bureau |first=The Hindu |date=2023-02-17 |title=Eknath Shinde faction gets Shiv Sena name, symbol |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/eknath-shinde-faction-recognised-as-real-shiv-sena-allotted-bow-and-arrow-symbol/article66521586.ece |access-date=2023-02-20 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Uddhav appealed against the decision in the Supreme Court.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Sheenu |date=2023-02-21 |title=Supreme Court to hear Uddhav Thackeray faction's plea against Election Commission decision tomorrow |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/supreme-court-agrees-to-hear-uddhav-thackeray-faction-plea-against-election-commission-decision-february-22-latest-updates-eknath-shinde-symbol-rift-2023-02-21-849004 |access-date=2023-02-22 |website=www.indiatvnews.com |language=en}}</ref>
+Shinde subsequently filed a petition with the [[Election Commission of India]] staking his claim to the 'Shiv Sena' name and the Bow and Arrow symbol. The ECI ruled in favour of Shinde's faction based on the strength of its legislative wing, rather than on the organizational wing.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Uddhav Thackeray Loses Name, Symbol Of Shiv Sena Founded By Father |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/eknath-shinde-faction-gets-shiv-senas-bow-and-arrow-poll-symbol-3791900 |access-date=2023-02-22 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Roy |first=Debayan |title=Supreme Court declines to stay EC order recognising Eknath Shinde faction as Shiv Sena; allows Thackeray to use 'flaming torch' for bye-polls |url=https://www.barandbench.com/news/litigation/supreme-court-declines-stay-ec-order-recognsining-eknath-shinde-faction-shiv-sena-allows-thackeray-use-flaming-torch-bye-polls |access-date=2023-02-22 |website=Bar and Bench - Indian Legal news |date=22 February 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":23">{{Cite news |last=Bureau |first=The Hindu |date=2023-02-17 |title=Eknath Shinde faction gets Shiv Sena name, symbol |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/eknath-shinde-faction-recognised-as-real-shiv-sena-allotted-bow-and-arrow-symbol/article66521586.ece |access-date=2023-02-20 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Thackeray appealed against the decision, and the case is currently pending in the Supreme Court.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Sheenu |date=2023-02-21 |title=Supreme Court to hear Uddhav Thackeray faction's plea against Election Commission decision tomorrow |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/supreme-court-agrees-to-hear-uddhav-thackeray-faction-plea-against-election-commission-decision-february-22-latest-updates-eknath-shinde-symbol-rift-2023-02-21-849004 |access-date=2023-02-22 |website=www.indiatvnews.com |language=en}}</ref>
 == Party structure and caste composition ==
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 In addition to the ''Shakhas'', the party has various other organizational structures, including the ''Yuva Sena'', ({{Translation|Youth army}} army) party's youth wing, and the ''Mahila Aghadi'', the party's women's wing. The Shiv Sena is also affiliated with the [[Sthaniya Lokadhikar Samiti]],<ref name="Business India">{{cite book |title=Business India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f69IAAAAYAAJ |access-date=24 February 2012 |year=1996 |publisher=A.H. Advani}}</ref> which advocates for the preservation of employment rights for [[Maharashtrians]] in Maharashtra.
-Prior to the rebellion by its prominent leader Eknath Shinde in 2022 the party was in hand of [[Thackeray family]], thus most of the important positions was hold by Bal Thackeray's son and grandson that is Uddhav and [[Aaditya Thackeray|Aditya Thackeray]] respectively. Opposition parties frequently alleged Shiva Sena as a dynastic political party. Bal Thackeray never remained on any elected political position but he never vacated the position of Shiva Sena supremo and ruled as a Godfather or king maker.<ref>{{Cite web |title= | website=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://m.timesofindia.com/india/sena-tussle-holds-key-lesson-for-dynasts-build-anew-or-implode/amp_articleshow/92773414.cms&ved=2ahUKEwjc2tTA_6j9AhUU-DgGHeBkDn0QFnoECAoQAQ&usg=AOvVaw0FlbgBPgf5yuab6tOkrAOc |url-status=live |access-date=2023-02-22 }}</ref>
+Prior to the rebellion by its prominent leader Eknath Shinde in 2022 the party was in hand of [[Thackeray family]], thus most of the important positions was hold by Bal Thackeray's son and grandson that is Uddhav and [[Aaditya Thackeray|Aditya Thackeray]] respectively. Opposition parties frequently alleged Shiva Sena as a dynastic political party. Bal Thackeray never remained on any elected political position but he never vacated the position of Shiva Sena supremo and ruled as a Godfather or king maker.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Wayback Machine has not archived that URL.  |website=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://m.timesofindia.com/india/sena-tussle-holds-key-lesson-for-dynasts-build-anew-or-implode/amp_articleshow/92773414.cms&ved=2ahUKEwjc2tTA_6j9AhUU-DgGHeBkDn0QFnoECAoQAQ&usg=AOvVaw0FlbgBPgf5yuab6tOkrAOc |url-status=live |access-date=2023-06-24}}{{Dead link|date=May 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
 In 2019 first time ever Thackeray family directly participated in election when Aditya contested for a seat of MLA, later his father debuted in direct politics and became [[List of chief ministers of Maharashtra|chief minister]] of the state. Aditya was the tourism minister his [[Thackeray ministry|father's cabinet]].
@@ Line 135: / Line 124: @@
 ==Headquarter ==
-Shiva Sena's headquarter and main office is situated at [[Anand Dighe]]'s house in [[Thane]]. Dighe was Guru and mentor of Shiva Sena ''Mukhy neta'' (Main leader) [[Eknath Shinde]]. The headquarter was relocated after Shinde took over the party from Uddhav Thackeray.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Anand Dighe's Thane residence now Shiv Sena central office |url=https://m.timesofindia.com/city/thane/anand-dighes-thane-residence-now-shiv-sena-central-office/amp_articleshow/98192664.cms&ved=2ahUKEwiOxNffzdX9AhXcSmwGHVFaCFMQFnoECBAQAQ&usg=AOvVaw0oKcvPlQval3eD1Cby25qO |url-status=live |website=TOI}}</ref>
+Shiva Sena's headquarter and main office is situated at [[Anand Dighe]]'s house in [[Thane]]. Dighe was Guru and mentor of Shiva Sena ''Mukhy neta'' (Main leader) [[Eknath Shinde]]. On 24 February 2023, the headquarter was relocated from Shivsena ''Bhavan'' after Shinde took over the party from Uddhav Thackeray;<ref>{{Cite web |title=Anand Dighe's Thane residence now Shiv Sena central office |url=https://m.timesofindia.com/city/thane/anand-dighes-thane-residence-now-shiv-sena-central-office/amp_articleshow/98192664.cms&ved=2ahUKEwiOxNffzdX9AhXcSmwGHVFaCFMQFnoECBAQAQ&usg=AOvVaw0oKcvPlQval3eD1Cby25qO |url-status=live |website=TOI }}{{Dead link|date=May 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> while Thackeray's faction retained control over Shivsena ''Bhavan''.
-Before 24 February 2023 Shivsena ''Bhavan'' ({{Translation|House}}), a building was the central office of the Shiv Sena in [[Mumbai]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-08-03|title=Explained: A history of Shiv Sena Bhavan, and the recent Sena-BJP clash over the building|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/shiv-sena-bhavan-history-thackeray-7435045/|access-date=2021-08-28|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> It was located on ''Ram Ganesh Gadkari Chowk'' and [[Shivaji Park]] in [[Dadar]]. It was inaugurated on 19 June 1977. The refurbished Sena Bhavan was inaugurated on 27 July 2006. It has a [[Copper|Copper Statue]] of [[Chatrapati Shivaji|Shivaji Maharaj]] and a large [[Poster]] of [[Balasaheb Thackeray]]. ''Matoshri'', the house of Uddhav was an important building in this party. Many high-profile meeting are usually held in it. It worked as a command and control centre of the party in Bal –Uddhava's regime.
+Shivsena ''Bhavan'' ({{Translation|House}}), the former central office of the Shiv Sena in [[Mumbai]],<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-08-03|title=Explained: A history of Shiv Sena Bhavan, and the recent Sena-BJP clash over the building|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/shiv-sena-bhavan-history-thackeray-7435045/|access-date=2021-08-28|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> is located on ''Ram Ganesh Gadkari Chowk'' and [[Shivaji Park]] in [[Dadar]]. It was inaugurated on 19 June 1977. The refurbished Sena Bhavan was inaugurated on 27 July 2006. It has a [[Copper|Copper Statue]] of [[Shivaji|Shivaji Maharaj]] and a large [[Poster]] of [[Bal Thackeray]]. In the [[1993 Bombay bombings]], terrorists planted powerful bomb in Shiv Sena ''Bhavan'', it exploded and the building got damaged.<ref name="1993 blasts">{{cite news |title=The 1993 blasts: A recap of the day that shook India |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/1993-blasts-timeline-and-locations-156749-2013-03-22 |access-date=24 January 2022 |work=India Today |agency=IANS |date=22 March 2013 |language=en}}</ref>
-In the [[1993 Bombay bombings]], terrorists planted powerful bomb in Shiv Sena ''Bhavan'', it exploded and the building got damaged.<ref name="1993 blasts">{{cite news |title=The 1993 blasts: A recap of the day that shook India |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/1993-blasts-timeline-and-locations-156749-2013-03-22 |access-date=24 January 2022 |work=India Today |agency=IANS |date=22 March 2013 |language=en}}</ref>
+''Matoshri'', the house of Bal Thackeray and Uddhav Thackeray was an important building in this party. Many high-profile meetings are usually held in it. It worked as a command and control centre of the party in Bal–Uddhava's regime.
-==List of Chief Ministers==
+==List of chief ministers==
 {{See also|List of chief ministers of Maharashtra}}
-Following is the list of the Chief Ministers of [[Maharashtra]] from Shiv Sena.
+Following is the list of the chief ministers of [[Maharashtra]] from Shiv Sena.
 {| class="wikitable sortable"
@@ Line 193: / Line 182: @@
 |}
-==List of Union Ministers==
+==List of union ministers==
 * [[Manohar Joshi]]: [[Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises (India)|Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises]], [[13th Lok Sabha|13th]] [[Speaker of the Lok Sabha]]
 * [[Anandrao Vithoba Adsul]]: Ministry of State, Finance and Company Affairs
@@ Line 536: / Line 525: @@
 During the 2018 Maharashtra Council election and the 2014 Lok Sabha elections, many candidates fielded by Shiv Sena had criminal records or had criminal charges pending against them.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2018/jun/22/shiv-sena-tops-list-of-candidates-with-criminal-background-in-maharashtra-legislative-council-polls-1831921.html|title=Shiv Sena tops list of candidates with criminal background in Maharashtra legislative council polls|website=The New Indian Express|access-date=2019-05-31}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/politics/shiv-sena-tops-list-of-candidates-with-criminal-cases-adr-114030700668_1.html|title=Shiv Sena tops list of candidates with criminal cases: ADR|last=IANS|date=2014-03-07|work=Business Standard India|access-date=2019-05-31}}</ref>
-==Explanatory notes==
-{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}
 ==See also==

v t e Shiv Sena
Key people	Bal Thackeray founder Uddhav Thackeray chairperson
Chief ministers	Manohar Joshi ministry Uddhav Thackeray ministry
Leaders	Eknath Shinde Sanjay Raut Subhash Desai Diwakar Raote Aaditya Thackeray Anandrao Vithoba Adsul Chandrakant Khaire Anant Geete Gajanan Kirtikar Ramdas Kadam
Deputy Leaders	Arvind Sawant Priyanka Chaturvedi Shivajirao Adhalarao Patil Neelam Gorhe Anant Tare Uday Samant Vishakha Raut Vinod Ghosalkar Gulab Raghunath Patil Babanrao Gholap Anil Rathod Tanaji Sawant Nitin Bangude Patil Vijay Nahata Raghunath Kuchik Ravindra Mirlekar Yashwant Jadhav Sachin Ahir
Secretaries	Anil Desai Vinayak Raut Milind Narvekar Suraj Chavan Aadesh Bandekar
Spokespersons	Sanjay Raut Arvind Sawant Neelam Gorhe Anil Parab Priyanka Chaturvedi Uday Samant Gulab Raghunath Patil Pratap Sarnaik Kishori Pednekar Dhairyasheel Mane Sunil Prabhu
Affiliate groups	Nepal Shivsena Sthaniya Lokadhikar Samiti
Associated parties	Maharashtra Navnirman Sena National Democratic Alliance
Others	Prabodhankar Thackeray Saamana Sena Bhavan