Climate of West Bengal: Difference between revisions

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{{short description|Climatic conditions of West Bengal}}
{{short description|Climatic conditions of West Bengal}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2021}}


{{Copy edit|date=April 2021}}
The climate of West [[Bengal]] is varied, with tropical [[savannah]] in the southern portions of the state, to humid [[Subtropics|subtropical]] areas in the north. Temperatures vary widely, and there are five distinct seasons. The area is vulnerable to heavy rainfall, monsoons, and cyclones. There are some mountains in the area which are generally cold all year round.
{{Lead too short|date=April 2021}}
 
The '''climate of West Bengal''' is varied, with tropical [[savannah]] in the southern portions of the state, to humid [[Subtropics|subtropical]] in the north.
[[File:Teestavalley.jpg|thumb|[[National highways of India|National Highway]] [[List of National Highways in India|31A]] winds along the banks of the [[Teesta River]] near [[Kalimpong]], in the [[Darjeeling]] Himalayan hill region in [[West Bengal]].]]
[[File:Kalinagar Floods B.JPG|thumb|Many areas remain flooded during the heavy rains brought by [[monsoon]] in [[West Bengal]].]]
[[File:Teestavalley.jpg|thumb|[[Indian highways|National Highway]] [[List of National Highways in India|31A]] winds along the banks of the [[Teesta River]] near [[Kalimpong]], in the [[Darjeeling]] Himalayan hill region in [[West Bengal]].]]


==Seasons==
==Seasons==
There are five main seasons in [[West Bengal]]: [[spring (season)|spring]], [[summer]], [[rainy season]], a short [[autumn]], and [[winter]].
There are five main seasons in [[West Bengal]]: spring, summer, [[rainy season]], a short autumn, and winter.


===Spring===
===Spring===
Some parts of the state experience a short spring season, particularly in [[North Bengal]]. This is the time when [[Holi]] takes place.
Spring is considered the most pleasant season over the plains of [[West Bengal]] and lies from mid-February to mid-March and is also the time where [[Holi]] is celebrated. Temperatures range between 20 °C – 30 °C and no rainfall. Though occasional rain or light showers are witnessed due to Western disturbances in [[North India]].


===Summer===
===Summer===
'''Period'''
The summer season is observed from March to May in most of Bengal.
 
The summer season is observed from March to May in most of Bengal.  


'''Temperature'''
'''Temperature'''


In Bengal summer can be extremely hot and have high humidity. The plains of South Bengal have a daily maximum temperature around 35-38&nbsp;°C.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kolkata24x7.com/four-districts-of-westbengal-may-get-rain-in-later-part-of-day-says-met/|title=চার জেলায় বৃষ্টির সম্ভাবনা, বাকি রাজ্য থাকবে 'শুখা'|accessdate=5 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.khaboronline.com/news/national/south-bengal-might-get-some-rains-despite-temperature-increase/?amp|title=আগামী কয়েকদিন তাপমাত্রা বাড়লেও ঝড়বৃষ্টি পেতে পারে দক্ষিণবঙ্গ|accessdate=5 November 2020}}</ref>It can also exceed 40&nbsp;°C.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/kolkata-records-year-s-highest-temperature-at-39-6-degrees-1549277-2019-06-15|title=Kolkata records year's highest temperature at 39.6|accessdate=25 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/kolkata-records-hottest-day-of-the-season-as-heat-wave-hits-hard-1263952-2018-06-19|title=Kolkata records hottest day of the season as heat wave heats hard|accessdate=25 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.timesofindia.com/city/kolkata/Temperatures-touches-41-degrees-on-hottest-day/amp_articleshow/51770309.cms|title=Temperature touches 41 degrees on hottest day|accessdate=25 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/state/massive-heat-wave-in-ruhr-area-but-sweating-kolkata-choked-in-humidity-1.149639|title=৪৪ ডিগ্রি সেলসিয়াসে শ্রীনিকেতন, ঘামে নাকাল কলকাতা |accessdate=25 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.banglanews24.com/kolkata/news/bd/715949.details|title=৪০ ডিগ্রিতে পুড়ছে পশ্চিমবঙ্গ| accessdate=25 October 2020}}</ref>
In Bengal, summers can be extremely hot and have high humidity. The plains of South Bengal have a daily maximum temperature around 35–38&nbsp;°C.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kolkata24x7.com/four-districts-of-westbengal-may-get-rain-in-later-part-of-day-says-met/|title=চার জেলায় বৃষ্টির সম্ভাবনা, বাকি রাজ্য থাকবে 'শুখা'|accessdate=5 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.khaboronline.com/news/national/south-bengal-might-get-some-rains-despite-temperature-increase/?amp|title=আগামী কয়েকদিন তাপমাত্রা বাড়লেও ঝড়বৃষ্টি পেতে পারে দক্ষিণবঙ্গ|date=3 March 2018|accessdate=5 November 2020}}</ref> It can also exceed 40&nbsp;°C.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/kolkata-records-year-s-highest-temperature-at-39-6-degrees-1549277-2019-06-15|title=Kolkata records year's highest temperature at 39.6|accessdate=25 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/kolkata-records-hottest-day-of-the-season-as-heat-wave-hits-hard-1263952-2018-06-19|title=Kolkata records hottest day of the season as heat wave heats hard|accessdate=25 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.timesofindia.com/city/kolkata/Temperatures-touches-41-degrees-on-hottest-day/amp_articleshow/51770309.cms|title=Temperature touches 41 degrees on hottest day|website=[[The Times of India]]|accessdate=25 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/state/massive-heat-wave-in-ruhr-area-but-sweating-kolkata-choked-in-humidity-1.149639|title=৪৪ ডিগ্রি সেলসিয়াসে শ্রীনিকেতন, ঘামে নাকাল কলকাতা |accessdate=25 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.banglanews24.com/kolkata/news/bd/715949.details|title=৪০ ডিগ্রিতে পুড়ছে পশ্চিমবঙ্গ|date=10 May 2019| accessdate=25 October 2020}}</ref>
The western highlands experience a dry summer like [[North India|northern India]]. During the day, the temperature ranges from 38 to 42&nbsp;°C, though it can reach or exceed 45&nbsp;°C.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archives.anandabazar.com/archive/1120525/25raj2.html|title=বর্ষা খুঁড়িয়ে হাঁটায় দহনও বে-লাগাম|accessdate=5 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.india.com/news/india/kolkata-reels-under-heatwave-bankura-sizzles-at-45-1-degrees-celsius-1099893/|title=Kolkata reels under heatwave, Bankura sizzles at 45.1 degrees Celsius|accessdate=25 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/purulia-scorches-at-49-degrees/450269/|title=Purulia scorches at 49 degrees|accessdate=25 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/environment/amp/summer-agony-in-monsoon-season-heat-wave-persists-in-several-states-60890|title=summer agony in monsoon season heat wave persists in several states|accessdate=25 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kolkata24x7.com/bankura-highest-hit/|title=৪৩ ডিগ্রি গরমে পুড়ছে বাঁকুড়া|accessdate=27 October 2020}}</ref>
The western highlands experience a dry summer like [[North India|northern India]]. During the day, the temperature ranges from 38 to 42&nbsp;°C, though it can reach or exceed 45&nbsp;°C.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archives.anandabazar.com/archive/1120525/25raj2.html|title=বর্ষা খুঁড়িয়ে হাঁটায় দহনও বে-লাগাম|accessdate=5 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.india.com/news/india/kolkata-reels-under-heatwave-bankura-sizzles-at-45-1-degrees-celsius-1099893/|title=Kolkata reels under heatwave, Bankura sizzles at 45.1 degrees Celsius|accessdate=25 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/purulia-scorches-at-49-degrees/450269/|title=Purulia scorches at 49 degrees|accessdate=25 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/environment/amp/summer-agony-in-monsoon-season-heat-wave-persists-in-several-states-60890|title=summer agony in monsoon season heat wave persists in several states|accessdate=25 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kolkata24x7.com/bankura-highest-hit/|title=৪৩ ডিগ্রি গরমে পুড়ছে বাঁকুড়া|accessdate=27 October 2020}}</ref>
In summer, the plains of North Bengal are generally cooler than the west and south.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bengali.oneindia.com/news/west-bengal/heat-wave-warning-for-the-seven-districts-of-south-bengal-053430.html|title=জ্বলছে বাংলা, একেবারেই অন্য চিত্র উত্তরবঙ্গের এলাকাগুলোতে|accessdate=26 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://bengali.oneindia.com/news/kolkata/kalbaishakhi-may-come-in-the-tuesday-evening-in-south-bengal-says-weather-office-054211.html|title=Kalbaishakhi may come in south Bengal, says Weather Offce|accessdate=30 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://bengali.oneindia.com/news/kolkata/pre-monsoon-rain-will-continue-in-north-bengal-south-bengal-will-face-discomfort-weather-055087.html|title=Pre monsoon rain will continue in North Bengal, South Bengal will face discomfort weather|accessdate=30 October 2020}}</ref> In this area, the daily maximum temperature varies from 26 to 32&nbsp;°C.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bengali.oneindia.com/news/kolkata/cyclonic-storm-fani-over-southeast-bay-of-bengal-neighbourhood-053389.html|title=ঘূর্ণিঝড় 'ফনি'-র প্রভাব বাংলায়! কবে কোথায়, জেনে নিন আবহাওয়া দফতরের সতর্কবার্তা|accessdate=5 November 2020}}</ref>It occasionally crosses 35&nbsp;°C. The minimum temperature in summer is approximately 18-22&nbsp;°C.
In summer, the plains of North Bengal are generally cooler than the west and south.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bengali.oneindia.com/news/west-bengal/heat-wave-warning-for-the-seven-districts-of-south-bengal-053430.html|title=জ্বলছে বাংলা, একেবারেই অন্য চিত্র উত্তরবঙ্গের এলাকাগুলোতে|date=30 April 2019|accessdate=26 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://bengali.oneindia.com/news/kolkata/kalbaishakhi-may-come-in-the-tuesday-evening-in-south-bengal-says-weather-office-054211.html|title=Kalbaishakhi may come in south Bengal, says Weather Office|date=14 May 2019|accessdate=30 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://bengali.oneindia.com/news/kolkata/pre-monsoon-rain-will-continue-in-north-bengal-south-bengal-will-face-discomfort-weather-055087.html|title=Pre monsoon rain will continue in North Bengal, South Bengal will face discomfort weather|date=29 May 2019|accessdate=30 October 2020}}</ref> In this area, the daily maximum temperature varies from 26 to 32&nbsp;°C.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bengali.oneindia.com/news/kolkata/cyclonic-storm-fani-over-southeast-bay-of-bengal-neighbourhood-053389.html|title=ঘূর্ণিঝড় 'ফনি'-র প্রভাব বাংলায়! কবে কোথায়, জেনে নিন আবহাওয়া দফতরের সতর্কবার্তা|date=29 April 2019|accessdate=5 November 2020}}</ref> It occasionally crosses 35&nbsp;°C. The minimum temperature in summer is approximately 18–22&nbsp;°C.
The Darjeeling hill region is the coolest area in summer. Here, the daily highest temperature is 15-25&nbsp;°C.
The Darjeeling hill region is the coolest area in summer. Here, the daily highest temperature is 15–25&nbsp;°C.


'''Rainfall'''
'''Rainfall'''
In South Bengal, the kalbaishakhi storms bring some rainfall, due to low pressure, while the Himalayan region and Terai Dooars plains get heavy rainfall during this period.
'''Average temperature and Rainfall for some cities in summer (March to May)'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.imdkolkata.gov.in/|title=Regional Meteorological Department, Kolkata|accessdate=25 October 2020}}</ref>


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+'''Average temperature and Rainfall for Bengali cities in summer (March to May)'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.imdkolkata.gov.in/|title=Regional Meteorological Department, Kolkata|accessdate=25 October 2020}}</ref>
|-
|-
! City !! Average temperature (°C) !! Average Rainfall (mm)  
! City !! Average temperature (°C) !! Average Rainfall (mm)  
Line 60: Line 54:
|}
|}


===Monsoon===
===Monsoons===
'''Period'''
'''Period'''


In mid-June, the southwest monsoon wind enters West Bengal, and the monsoon season starts.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/state/weather-forecast-monsoon-arrives-in-bengal-moderate-rain-likely-in-next-48-hours-1.1162103|title= স্বাভাবিক সময়েই এলো বর্ষা, ভারী বর্ষণের পূর্বাভাস বঙ্গে|accessdate=28 October 2020}}</ref>It continues until the end of September.  
In mid-June, the monsoon season starts.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/state/weather-forecast-monsoon-arrives-in-bengal-moderate-rain-likely-in-next-48-hours-1.1162103|title= স্বাভাবিক সময়েই এলো বর্ষা, ভারী বর্ষণের পূর্বাভাস বঙ্গে|accessdate=28 October 2020}}</ref> It continues until the end of September.


'''Temperature'''
'''Temperature'''


In most places, the temperature drops as cloud cover increases. This is less true for the mountains and the Terai Dooars plains, where temperature gradually increases until August.  
In most places, the temperature drops as cloud cover increases. This is less true for the mountains and the Terai Dooars plains, where temperature gradually increases until August.


The maximum temperature of South Bengal plains and Western highlands is 32&nbsp;°C,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://eisamay.indiatimes.com/west-bengal-news/others/july-2019-is-warmest-july-on-record-for-south-bengal/amp_articleshow/70222353.cms|title=১০ বছরে উষ্ণতম জুলাই, শহরে ৩৭ ডিগ্রি!|accessdate=5 November 2020}}</ref>31&nbsp;°C in North Bengal plains and around 19-20&nbsp;°C in mountains. Sometimes, when the sky gets clear, which is known as '''monsoon break''', the temperature rises suddenly. This incident occurs mostly in North Bengal plains and in mountains in July and August when the temperature soars over 36&nbsp;°C and 24&nbsp;°C respectively.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/state/siliguri-facing-trouble-in-scorching-heat-damaging-tea-leaves-in-doors-1.184013|title=গরমে নাকাল শিলিগুড়ি|accessdate=30 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/district/north-bengal/siliguri-burning-in-scorching-heat-1.1028383|title=ঘড়িতে সাড়ে বারোটা, পারদে ৪০ ডিগ্রি|accessdate=30 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aajkaal.in/news/state/state-mercury-rises-9fjm|title=দার্জিলিঙে ঘুরছে পাখা, সমতলে ৩৯ ডিগ্রি!|accessdate=30 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/district/north-bengal/weather-update-temperature-is-41-degree-even-in-the-rainy-season-1.1031124|title=রেকর্ড ভেঙে ৪১ ডিগ্রিতে জলপাইগুড়ির পারদ|accessdate=30 October 2020}} </ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.marinetoalpine.com/news/mercury-up-in-sikkim-tour-operators-fear-drop-in-flow-of-visitors-to-hills-20180821115856.html|title=Many parts of Sikkim is feeling above 30 degrees temperatures|accessdate=1 November 2020}}</ref>
The maximum temperature of South Bengal's plains and western highlands is 32&nbsp;°C,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://eisamay.indiatimes.com/west-bengal-news/others/july-2019-is-warmest-july-on-record-for-south-bengal/amp_articleshow/70222353.cms|title=১০ বছরে উষ্ণতম জুলাই, শহরে ৩৭ ডিগ্রি!|accessdate=5 November 2020}}</ref> 31&nbsp;°C in North Bengal plains and around 19–20&nbsp;°C in mountains. Sometimes when the sky gets clear, the temperature rises suddenly. This is known as a '''monsoon break'''. This occurs mostly in North Bengal plains and in mountains in July and August when the temperature soars over 36&nbsp;°C and 24&nbsp;°C respectively.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/state/siliguri-facing-trouble-in-scorching-heat-damaging-tea-leaves-in-doors-1.184013|title=গরমে নাকাল শিলিগুড়ি|accessdate=30 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/district/north-bengal/siliguri-burning-in-scorching-heat-1.1028383|title=ঘড়িতে সাড়ে বারোটা, পারদে ৪০ ডিগ্রি|accessdate=30 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aajkaal.in/news/state/state-mercury-rises-9fjm|title=দার্জিলিঙে ঘুরছে পাখা, সমতলে ৩৯ ডিগ্রি!|accessdate=30 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/district/north-bengal/weather-update-temperature-is-41-degree-even-in-the-rainy-season-1.1031124|title=রেকর্ড ভেঙে ৪১ ডিগ্রিতে জলপাইগুড়ির পারদ|accessdate=30 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.marinetoalpine.com/news/mercury-up-in-sikkim-tour-operators-fear-drop-in-flow-of-visitors-to-hills-20180821115856.html|title=Many parts of Sikkim is feeling above 30 degrees temperatures|accessdate=1 November 2020}}</ref>


'''Rainfall'''
'''Rainfall'''


Most of the annual rainfall occurs during this period. Heavy rainfall above 250&nbsp;cm is observed in the [[Darjeeling district|Darjeeling]], [[Jalpaiguri district|Jalpaiguri]], [[Alipurduar]] and [[Cooch Behar district]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bengali.news18.com/photogallery/kolkata/weather-forecast-heavy-rainfall-in-north-bengal-from-sunday-ac-473845.html|title=ভারী বর্ষণের সম্ভাবনা বাড়ছে উত্তরবঙ্গে|accessdate=28 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/state/raining-in-north-bengal-south-bengal-want-rain-1.157982|title=ভাসছে উত্তর, বৃষ্টির প্রতীক্ষায় দক্ষিণবঙ্গ|accessdate=28 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.skymetweather.com/content/weather-news-and-analysis/good-monsoon-rains-in-siliguri-and-jalpaiguri-kolkata-to-see-rains-around-june-30/|title=Good Monsoon rains in Siliguri and Jalpaiguri|accessdate=28 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/rain-submerges-tea-estates/cid/1525176|title=Siliguri is logging in 337 mm rain|accessdate=28 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/east-and-northeast/heavy-rainfall-to-be-expected-in-north-bengal-till-friday-891834.html|title=250 mm of rainfall destroyed lifestyle of North|accessdate=28 October 2020}}</ref>Later, blowing westwards, the winds cause average rainfall of 125&nbsp;cm in the [[North Bengal plains|northern plains]] and [[Western plateau and high lands|western plateau]] region.  
Most of the annual rainfall occurs during the monsoon period. Heavy rainfall above 250&nbsp;cm is observed in the [[Darjeeling district|Darjeeling]], [[Jalpaiguri district|Jalpaiguri]], [[Alipurduar]] and [[Cooch Behar district]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bengali.news18.com/photogallery/kolkata/weather-forecast-heavy-rainfall-in-north-bengal-from-sunday-ac-473845.html|title=ভারী বর্ষণের সম্ভাবনা বাড়ছে উত্তরবঙ্গে|accessdate=28 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/state/raining-in-north-bengal-south-bengal-want-rain-1.157982|title=ভাসছে উত্তর, বৃষ্টির প্রতীক্ষায় দক্ষিণবঙ্গ|accessdate=28 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.skymetweather.com/content/weather-news-and-analysis/good-monsoon-rains-in-siliguri-and-jalpaiguri-kolkata-to-see-rains-around-june-30/|title=Good Monsoon rains in Siliguri and Jalpaiguri|date=26 June 2019|accessdate=28 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/rain-submerges-tea-estates/cid/1525176|title=Siliguri is logging in 337 mm rain|accessdate=28 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/east-and-northeast/heavy-rainfall-to-be-expected-in-north-bengal-till-friday-891834.html|title=250 mm of rainfall destroyed lifestyle of North|date=23 September 2020|accessdate=28 October 2020}}</ref> Later, blowing westwards, the winds cause average rainfall of 125&nbsp;cm in the [[North Bengal plains|northern plains]] and [[Western plateau and high lands|western plateau]] region.
 
'''Average temperature and Rainfall for some cities in monsoons (June to September)'''


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+'''Average temperature and Rainfall for Bengali cities during monsoon season (June to September)'''
|-
|-
! City !! Average temperature (°C) !! Average Rainfall (mm)  
! City !! Average temperature (°C) !! Average Rainfall (mm)  
Line 113: Line 106:
'''Temperature'''
'''Temperature'''


In autumn, the southwest monsoon wind returns and clears the sky. So, the state gets enough sunshine to be warm in the day and releases a lot of heat to be cool at night.  
In autumn, the southwest monsoon wind returns and clears the sky. So, the state gets enough sunshine to be warm in the day and releases a lot of heat to be cool at night.


At this time, a maximum temperature of 30-33&nbsp;°C is felt over the plains and 17-19&nbsp;°C in mountains. The minimum temperature is normally around 19-22&nbsp;°C in plains and 6-11&nbsp;°C in mountains.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.imdkolkata.gov.in/|title=Regional Meteorological Department, Kolkata|accessdate=9 November 2020}}</ref>Sometimes, cold waves blow over the state in autumn.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bangla.asianetnews.com/kolkata/weather-update-on-8-november-in-kolkata-and-west-bengal-rtb-qjgjbm|title=শহর-শহরতলির তাপমাত্রা নামল স্বাভাবিকের ৩ ডিগ্রি নীচে, দেশজুড়ে শৈত্যপ্রবাহের সতর্কতা|accessdate=8 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.smritinews.in/rain-possibilities-in-this-districts/|title=রাজ্যের ৫ জেলায় বৃষ্টির পূর্বাভাস, শৈত্যপ্রবাহ নিয়ে বিশেষ সতর্কবার্তা দিল হাওয়া অফিস|accessdate=8 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kolkata24x7.com/north-bengal-weather-update-5/|title=উত্তরে যেমন নামছে পারদ , সঙ্গে মিলছে বৃষ্টির পূর্বাভাস|accessdate=8 November 2020}}</ref>
At this time, a maximum temperature of 30–33&nbsp;°C is felt over the plains and 17–19&nbsp;°C in mountains. The minimum temperature is normally around 19–22&nbsp;°C in plains and 6–11&nbsp;°C in mountains.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.imdkolkata.gov.in/|title=Regional Meteorological Department, Kolkata|accessdate=9 November 2020}}</ref> Sometimes, cold waves blow over the state in autumn.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bangla.asianetnews.com/kolkata/weather-update-on-8-november-in-kolkata-and-west-bengal-rtb-qjgjbm|title=শহর-শহরতলির তাপমাত্রা নামল স্বাভাবিকের ৩ ডিগ্রি নীচে, দেশজুড়ে শৈত্যপ্রবাহের সতর্কতা|accessdate=8 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.smritinews.in/rain-possibilities-in-this-districts/|title=রাজ্যের ৫ জেলায় বৃষ্টির পূর্বাভাস, শৈত্যপ্রবাহ নিয়ে বিশেষ সতর্কবার্তা দিল হাওয়া অফিস|date=6 November 2020|accessdate=8 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kolkata24x7.com/north-bengal-weather-update-5/|title=উত্তরে যেমন নামছে পারদ , সঙ্গে মিলছে বৃষ্টির পূর্বাভাস|accessdate=8 November 2020}}</ref>


'''Rainfall'''
'''Rainfall'''


In autumn, the southwest monsoon wind returns, and northeast monsoon wind starts entering West Bengal. Due to their collision in [[Bay of Bengal]], some cyclones are created.<ref>https://m.economictimes.com/topic/Cyclone-Bulbul-in-West-Bengal/amp</ref><ref>https://m.timesofindia.com/topic/Bay-of-Bengal-Cyclone/ampdefault</ref> The cyclones cause some rainfall in the state.
In autumn, the southwest monsoon wind returns, and the northeast monsoon wind enters West Bengal. Due to their collision in [[Bay of Bengal]], some cyclones are created.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.economictimes.com/topic/Cyclone-Bulbul-in-West-Bengal/amp|title = Cyclone Bulbul in West Bengal: Latest News & Videos, Photos about Cyclone Bulbul in West Bengal &#124; the Economic Times - Page 1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.timesofindia.com/topic/Bay-of-Bengal-Cyclone/ampdefault|title = Bay of Bengal Cyclone: Latest News, Videos and Bay of Bengal Cyclone Photos &#124; Times of India|website = [[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The cyclones cause some rainfall in the state.
 
'''Average temperature and Rainfall for some cities in autumn (October and November)'''


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+'''Average temperature and Rainfall for Bengali cities in autumn (October and November)'''
|-
|-
! City !! Average temperature (°C) !! Average Rainfall (mm)  
! City !! Average temperature (°C) !! Average Rainfall (mm)  
Line 155: Line 147:
'''Period'''
'''Period'''


The winter season usually sets in December and ends in February.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/winter-season-from-dec-to-feb-likely-to-be-warmer-in-various-parts-of-country-imd20191202032201|title=Winter Season from December to February likely to be Warmer in Various Parts of Country|accessdate=7 December 2020}}</ref>
The winter season usually starts in December and ends in February.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/winter-season-from-dec-to-feb-likely-to-be-warmer-in-various-parts-of-country-imd20191202032201|title=Winter Season from December to February likely to be Warmer in Various Parts of Country|accessdate=7 December 2020}}</ref>


'''Temperature'''
'''Temperature'''


In winter, a mild temperature is felt over the plains. The maximum temperature goes 23-26&nbsp;°C and the minimum temperature remains 9-15&nbsp;°C in plains of the state. In mountains, winter is severe with the maximum and minimum temperature ranging between 0-12&nbsp;°C. Higher regions of the Darjeeling Himalayas get heavy snowfall during winter.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thewall.in/news-state-weather-nb-darjeeling-sandakphu-sikkim-tshongu-snowfall/|title=সান্দাকফুতে তুষারপাত, বরফে ঢাকল ছাঙ্গুও|accessdate=25 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/state/first-snowfall-in-sandakphu-in-this-winter-season-1.1082739|title=বরফমোড়া সান্দাকফু, সম্ভাবনা দার্জিলিঙেও|accessdate=25 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thenewsnest.com/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1-%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0/|title=এপ্রিলে তুষারপাত বাংলায়|accessdate=25 November 2020}}</ref>
In winter, a mild temperature is observed over the plains. The maximum temperature goes to 23–26&nbsp;°C and the minimum temperature is 9–15&nbsp;°C in plains of the state. The maximum and minimum temperature in the mountains range from 0–12&nbsp;°C. Higher regions of the Darjeeling Himalayas get heavy snowfall during winter.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thewall.in/news-state-weather-nb-darjeeling-sandakphu-sikkim-tshongu-snowfall/|title=সান্দাকফুতে তুষারপাত, বরফে ঢাকল ছাঙ্গুও|accessdate=25 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/state/first-snowfall-in-sandakphu-in-this-winter-season-1.1082739|title=বরফমোড়া সান্দাকফু, সম্ভাবনা দার্জিলিঙেও|accessdate=25 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thenewsnest.com/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1-%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0/|title=এপ্রিলে তুষারপাত বাংলায়|accessdate=25 November 2020}}</ref>


Though, the night temperatures of western highlands can drop 7-9&nbsp;°C,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aajkaal.in/news/state/26516|title=মাঘে এল বাঘা শীত|accessdate=25 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kolkatatv.org/news-details/15024|title=রাজ্য জুড়ে শৈত্যপ্রবাহ|accessdate=25 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/district/purulia-birbhum-bankura/temperature-going-down-every-day-and-creating-records-1.736421|title=পারদ পড়ে রোজই রেকর্ড গড়ছে ঠান্ডা|accessdate=24 November 2020}}</ref>4-7&nbsp;°C in Siliguri, Jalpaiguri, Coochbehar plains<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archives.anandabazar.com/archive/1130111/11uttar5.html|title=শীতে কাঁপছে উত্তরবঙ্গ, শিলিগুড়িতে পারদ নামল ৩ ডিগ্রিতে|accessdate=24 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://aajkaal.in/news/northbengal/siliguri-zszx|title=৪.৪ ডিগ্রি! শিলিগুড়ির চাই রুম হিটার|accessdate=24 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kolkatatv.org/news-details/15057|title=কমছে পারদ, আগামী ২৪ ঘন্টায় জাঁকিয়ে পড়বে শীত|accessdate=25 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/bengali/kolkata/cold-weave-in-kolkata_10525.html|title=তীব্র শীতে কাঁপছে কলকাতা সহ রাজ্য|accessdate=24 November 2020}}</ref>and 10-11&nbsp;°C in Kolkata,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/state/temperature-dips-down-in-west-bengal-dgtl-1.736155|title=কলকাতায় ১০.৬ ডিগ্রি, দমদমে ৯.৫, শ্রীনিকেতনে ৫.৮|accessdate=24 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/state/weather-forecast-temperature-slips-to-11-degrees-in-kolkata-dgtl-1.1085080|title=শীতের দাপটে কাঁপছে রাজ্য, পারদ নামল তিন ডিগ্রি|accessdate=24 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://bengali.oneindia.com/news/kolkata/kolkata-temperature-10-6-degree-below-normal-on-saturday-046838.html|title=আরও নামল তাপমাত্রা! ১০ বছরে দ্বিতীয় সর্বনিম্ন কলকাতা, শিলিগুড়ি ৫.৫ ডিগ্রি|accessdate=24 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aajkaal.in/news/kolkata/26382|title=১১.৯ ডিগ্রি, শীতলতম দিন কলকাতায়|accessdate=25 November 2020}}</ref> the capital city when cold waves blow. Darjeeling city's temperature drops below freezing point.  
The temperatures of the western highlands at night can drop 7–9&nbsp;°C,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aajkaal.in/news/state/26516|title=মাঘে এল বাঘা শীত|accessdate=25 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kolkatatv.org/news-details/15024|title=রাজ্য জুড়ে শৈত্যপ্রবাহ|accessdate=25 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/district/purulia-birbhum-bankura/temperature-going-down-every-day-and-creating-records-1.736421|title=পারদ পড়ে রোজই রেকর্ড গড়ছে ঠান্ডা|accessdate=24 November 2020}}</ref> 4–7&nbsp;°C in Siliguri, Jalpaiguri, Coochbehar plains<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archives.anandabazar.com/archive/1130111/11uttar5.html|title=শীতে কাঁপছে উত্তরবঙ্গ, শিলিগুড়িতে পারদ নামল ৩ ডিগ্রিতে|accessdate=24 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://aajkaal.in/news/northbengal/siliguri-zszx|title=৪.৪ ডিগ্রি! শিলিগুড়ির চাই রুম হিটার|accessdate=24 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kolkatatv.org/news-details/15057|title=কমছে পারদ, আগামী ২৪ ঘন্টায় জাঁকিয়ে পড়বে শীত|accessdate=25 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/bengali/kolkata/cold-weave-in-kolkata_10525.html|title=তীব্র শীতে কাঁপছে কলকাতা সহ রাজ্য|date=9 January 2013|accessdate=24 November 2020}}</ref> and 10–11&nbsp;°C in Kolkata<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/state/temperature-dips-down-in-west-bengal-dgtl-1.736155|title=কলকাতায় ১০.৬ ডিগ্রি, দমদমে ৯.৫, শ্রীনিকেতনে ৫.৮|accessdate=24 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/state/weather-forecast-temperature-slips-to-11-degrees-in-kolkata-dgtl-1.1085080|title=শীতের দাপটে কাঁপছে রাজ্য, পারদ নামল তিন ডিগ্রি|accessdate=24 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://bengali.oneindia.com/news/kolkata/kolkata-temperature-10-6-degree-below-normal-on-saturday-046838.html|title=আরও নামল তাপমাত্রা! ১০ বছরে দ্বিতীয় সর্বনিম্ন কলকাতা, শিলিগুড়ি ৫.৫ ডিগ্রি|date=29 December 2018|accessdate=24 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aajkaal.in/news/kolkata/26382|title=১১.৯ ডিগ্রি, শীতলতম দিন কলকাতায়|accessdate=25 November 2020}}</ref> when cold waves blow. Darjeeling's temperature can drop below freezing point.


'''Rainfall'''
'''Rainfall'''


Winter is generally dry. Most of the days are sunny. Occasionally slight rainfall occurs under the influence of low depressions in northwest India. These are known as '''western disturbances'''.
Winter is generally dry. Most days are sunny. Occasionally, slight rainfall occurs because of conditions in northwest India. These are known as '''western disturbances'''.
 
'''Average temperature and Rainfall for some cities in Winter (December to February)'''


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+'''Average temperature and Rainfall for some cities in Winter (December to February)'''
|-
|-
! City !! Average temperature (°C) !! Average Rainfall (mm)  
! City !! Average temperature (°C) !! Average Rainfall (mm)  
Line 217: Line 208:
| date = December 2016
| date = December 2016
| accessdate = 29 November 2020}}</ref>
| accessdate = 29 November 2020}}</ref>
===Highest Temperature===
===Highest Temperature===
The chart below shows the highest recorded temperatures for all months in West Bengal, with place and date.
The chart below shows the highest recorded temperatures for all months in West Bengal, with place and date.
Line 224: Line 216:
! Month !! Highest Recorded Temperature(°C) !! Place !! Date
! Month !! Highest Recorded Temperature(°C) !! Place !! Date
|-
|-
| [[January]] || style="{{Weather box/colt|36.8}}"| 36.8 || [[Krishnagar]] || 1 January 1977
| January || style="{{Weather box/colt|36.8}}"| 36.8 || [[Krishnagar]] || 1 January 1977
|-
|-
| [[February]] || style="{{Weather box/colt|39.3}}"| 39.3  || [[Bankura]] || 26 February 2006
| February || style="{{Weather box/colt|39.3}}"| 39.3  || [[Bankura]] || 26 February 2006
|-
|-
| [[March]] || style="{{Weather box/colt|44.5}}"| 44.5 || [[Behrampore]] || 27 March 1980
| March || style="{{Weather box/colt|44.5}}"| 44.5 || [[Behrampore]] || 27 March 1980
|-
|-
| [[April]] || style="{{Weather box/colt|46.7}}"| 46.7 || [[Bankura]] || 23 April 2016
| April || style="{{Weather box/colt|46.7}}"| 46.7 || [[Bankura]] || 23 April 2016
|-
|-
| [[May]] || style="{{Weather box/colt|48.3}}"| 48.3 || [[Behrampore]] || 23 May 1981
| May || style="{{Weather box/colt|48.3}}"| 48.3 || [[Behrampore]] || 23 May 1981
|-
|-
| [[June]] || style="{{Weather box/colt|47.8}}"| 47.8 || [[Suri, Birbhum|Suri]] || 10 June 1966
| June || style="{{Weather box/colt|47.8}}"| 47.8 || [[Suri, Birbhum|Suri]] || 10 June 1966
|-
|-
| [[July]] || style="{{Weather box/colt|43}}"| 43.0 ||[[Krishnagar]] || 22 July 1994  
| July || style="{{Weather box/colt|43}}"| 43.0 ||[[Krishnagar]] || 22 July 1994  
|-
|-
| [[August]] || style="{{Weather box/colt|48.3}}"| 48.3 || [[Behrampore]] || 2 August 1981
| August || style="{{Weather box/colt|48.3}}"| 48.3 || [[Behrampore]] || 2 August 1981
|-
|-
| [[September]] || style="{{Weather box/colt|41}}"| 41.0 || [[Coochbehar]] || 11 September 1977
| September || style="{{Weather box/colt|41}}"| 41.0 || [[Coochbehar]] || 11 September 1977
|-
|-
| [[October]] || style="{{Weather box/colt|40.5}}"| 40.5 || [[Malda, West Bengal|Malda]] || 1 October 1978
| October || style="{{Weather box/colt|40.5}}"| 40.5 || [[Malda, West Bengal|Malda]] || 1 October 1978
|-
|-
| [[November]] || style="{{Weather box/colt|38.5}}"| 38.5 || [[Chinsurah|Bagati]] || 6 November 1976
| November || style="{{Weather box/colt|38.5}}"| 38.5 || [[Chinsurah|Bagati]] || 6 November 1976
|-
|-
| [[December]] || style="{{Weather box/colt|36.5}}"| 36.5 || [[Chinsurah|Bagati]] || 30 December 1984
| December || style="{{Weather box/colt|36.5}}"| 36.5 || [[Chinsurah|Bagati]] || 30 December 1984
|-
|-
| '''West Bengal''' || style="{{Weather box/colt|48.3}}"| '''48.3''' || '''Behrampore''' || '''23 May 1981 & 2 August 1981'''
| '''West Bengal''' || style="{{Weather box/colt|48.3}}"| '''48.3''' || '''Behrampore''' || '''23 May 1981 & 2 August 1981'''
Line 258: Line 250:
! Month !! Lowest Recorded Temperature(°C) !! Place !! Date
! Month !! Lowest Recorded Temperature(°C) !! Place !! Date
|-
|-
| [[January]] || style="{{Weather box/colt|-7.2}}"| -7.2 || [[Darjeeling]] || 30 January 1971
| January || style="{{Weather box/colt|-7.2}}"| -7.2 || [[Darjeeling]] || 30 January 1971
|-
|-
| [[February]] || style="{{Weather box/colt|-6.4}}"| -6.4 || [[Darjeeling]] || 2 February 1971
| February || style="{{Weather box/colt|-6.4}}"| -6.4 || [[Darjeeling]] || 2 February 1971
|-
|-
| [[March]] || style="{{Weather box/colt|-4.8}}"| -4.8 || [[Darjeeling]] || 1 March 1971
| March || style="{{Weather box/colt|-4.8}}"| -4.8 || [[Darjeeling]] || 1 March 1971
|-
|-
| [[April]] || style="{{Weather box/colt|0}}"| 0.0 || [[Darjeeling]] || 16 April 1971
| April || style="{{Weather box/colt|0}}"| 0.0 || [[Darjeeling]] || 16 April 1971
|-
|-
| [[May]] || style="{{Weather box/colt|1.4}}"| 1.4 || [[Darjeeling]] || 1 May 1981
| May || style="{{Weather box/colt|1.4}}"| 1.4 || [[Darjeeling]] || 1 May 1981
|-
|-
| [[June]] || style="{{Weather box/colt|4.6}}"| 4.6 || [[Kalimpong]] || 14 June 1991
| June || style="{{Weather box/colt|4.6}}"| 4.6 || [[Kalimpong]] || 14 June 1991
|-
|-
| [[July]] || style="{{Weather box/colt|3.9}}"| 3.9 ||[[Darjeeling]] || 26 July 1944
| July || style="{{Weather box/colt|3.9}}"| 3.9 ||[[Darjeeling]] || 26 July 1944
|-
|-
| [[August]] || style="{{Weather box/colt|7.4}}"| 7.4 || [[Kalimpong]] || 24 August 1971
| August || style="{{Weather box/colt|7.4}}"| 7.4 || [[Kalimpong]] || 24 August 1971
|-
|-
| [[September]] || style="{{Weather box/colt|5.9}}"| 5.9 || [[Kalimpong]] || 10 September 1991
| September || style="{{Weather box/colt|5.9}}"| 5.9 || [[Kalimpong]] || 10 September 1991
|-
|-
| [[October]] || style="{{Weather box/colt|3.2}}"| 3.2 || [[Darjeeling]] || 31 October 1972
| October || style="{{Weather box/colt|3.2}}"| 3.2 || [[Darjeeling]] || 31 October 1972
|-
|-
| [[November]] || style="{{Weather box/colt|-4.4}}"| -4.4 || [[Darjeeling]] || 26 November 1970
| November || style="{{Weather box/colt|-4.4}}"| -4.4 || [[Darjeeling]] || 26 November 1970
|-
|-
| [[December]] || style="{{Weather box/colt|-4.6}}"| -4.6 || [[Darjeeling]] || 29 December 1970
| December || style="{{Weather box/colt|-4.6}}"| -4.6 || [[Darjeeling]] || 29 December 1970
|-
|-
| '''West Bengal''' || style="{{Weather box/colt|-7.2}}"| '''-7.2''' || '''Darjeeling''' || '''30 January 1971'''
| '''West Bengal''' || style="{{Weather box/colt|-7.2}}"| '''-7.2''' || '''Darjeeling''' || '''30 January 1971'''
Line 286: Line 278:


==Temperature==
==Temperature==
{{Unreferenced-section|date=May 2021}}
{{Unreferenced section|date=May 2021}}
The [[Tropic of Cancer]] passes 6&nbsp;km north of [[Nabadwip]], so, according to [[latitude]], the northern part of the state falls in the [[temperate zone|temperate belt]] and the southern part fall in the [[tropical zone|tropical belt]]. But the southern part receives adequate rainfall and because of maritime influence is not severely hot. Barring the mountainous parts of [[Darjeeling]] and [[Jalpaiguri]], the entire state experiences a warm wet tropical [[Monsoon#Southwest monsoon|monsoon]] climate. Regional differences are visible in the climate. In the western plateau region, rainfall is low and variations in temperature are more common; maritime influence in the coastal region makes the climate here moderate and pleasant. The summer temperatures in the state ranges between {{convert|26|°C|°F|0}} and {{convert|43|°C|°F|0}} while the winter temperatures range from {{convert|10|°C|°F|0}} to {{convert|19|°C|°F|0}}.
The [[Tropic of Cancer]] passes 6&nbsp;km north of [[Nabadwip]], so, according to [[latitude]], the northern part of the state falls in the [[temperate zone|temperate belt]] and the southern part falls in the [[tropical zone|tropical belt]]. The southern part receives adequate rainfall and is not severely hot due to its proximity to water. Barring the mountainous parts of [[Darjeeling]] and [[Jalpaiguri]], the entire state experiences a warm tropical [[Monsoon#Southwest monsoon|monsoon]] climate. Regional differences are visible in the climate. In the western plateau region, rainfall is low and variations in temperature are more common. Oceanic influence in the coastal region makes the climate there moderate and pleasant. The summer temperatures range from {{convert|26|°C|°F|0}} to {{convert|43|°C|°F|0}} while the winter temperatures range from {{convert|10|°C|°F|0}} to {{convert|19|°C|°F|0}}.


==Rainfall==
==Rainfall==
{{Unreferenced-section|date=May 2021}}
{{Unreferenced section|date=May 2021}}
The annual [[rainfall]] varies in the different parts of the state. [[North Bengal]] receives the highest rainfall, 200 to 400&nbsp;cm. In the coastal areas rainfall is about 200&nbsp;cm, in the [[Indo-Gangetic plain|Ganga plain]] and in the central part of the state rainfall is about 150–200&nbsp;cm, and in the western plateau region the amount of rainfall received is about 100 to 125&nbsp;cm. [[Drought]] is a common phenomenon in the [[Bankura]] and [[Purulia]] districts. Rainfall that occurs in the summer months often brings about heavy storms called Kalbaishakhi.
Annual rainfall varies in different parts of the state. [[North Bengal]] receives the highest rainfall, 200 to 400&nbsp;cm. In the coastal areas rainfall is about 200&nbsp;cm, in the [[Indo-Gangetic plain|Ganga plain]] and in the central part of the state rainfall is about 150–200&nbsp;cm, and in the western plateau region the amount of rainfall received is about 100 to 125&nbsp;cm. Drought is a common phenomenon in the [[Bankura]] and [[Purulia]] districts. Rainfall that occurs in the summer months often brings about heavy storms called Kalbaishakhi.


==Cyclones affecting West Bengal==
==Cyclones in West Bengal==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
Line 331: Line 323:


==Mountainous region==
==Mountainous region==
{{Unreferenced-section|date=May 2021}}
{{Unreferenced section|date=May 2021}}
Because of the high altitude, mountainous parts of Darjeeling and Jalpaiguri experience a [[cool temperate]] and climate. The average temperature in summer is about {{convert|15|°C|°F|0}}, and winter temperature is about {{convert|2|°C|°F|0}}. Snowfall occurs in some parts of this region. Being obstructed by the [[Himalayas]], the region receives heavy rainfall. Due to the scenic beauty and temperate climate of the region, a huge number of tourists visit the areas. Here Kalimpong is another hill station that is visited by many tourists in all seasons for its scenic beauty and the averagely cool temperature throughout the year.
Because of the high altitude, mountainous parts of Darjeeling and Jalpaiguri experience a [[cool temperate]] and climate. The average temperature in summer is about {{convert|15|°C|°F|0}}, and winter temperature is about {{convert|2|°C|°F|0}}. Snowfall occurs in some parts of this region. Being obstructed by the [[Himalayas]], the region receives heavy rainfall. Due to the scenic beauty and temperate climate of the region, a huge number of tourists visit the areas. Here Kalimpong is another hill station that is visited by many tourists in all seasons for its scenic beauty and the average cool temperature throughout the year.


==Influences==
==Influences==
{{Unreferenced-section|date=May 2021}}
{{Unreferenced section|date=May 2021}}
Adequate rainfall in the plains of West Bengal influences crop production. The hot wet climate is good for the production of [[rice]] and [[jute]]. Higher rainfall received in the northern mountainous region is favorable for the production of [[tea]], which is popular all over the world. [[Pulses]] and [[oilseeds]] are also produced in large quantities.
Rainfall in the plains of West Bengal influences crop production. The humid climate is good for the production of rice and [[jute]]. Higher rainfall received in the northern mountainous region is favorable for the production of tea, which is popular all over the world. [[Pulses]] and [[oilseeds]] are also produced in large quantities.


The people prefer to wear loose and thin [[cotton]] clothes because of the hot humid climate. Rice and fish the staple food of the [[Bengali people|Bengalis]] because they are easy to digest in this climate and are easily available.{{cn|date=February 2020}} The hot and humid climate hampers the efficiency of the people, as the people tend to get tired easily. For protection against heavy rainfall and snowfall in the north, the people live in houses with sloping roofs.
The people prefer to wear loose and thin cotton clothes because of the climate. Rice and fish are the staple food of the [[Bengali people|Bengalis]] because they are easy to digest in this climate and are readily available.{{citation needed|date=February 2020}} The hot and humid climate hampers the efficiency of the people, as the people tend to get tired easily. For protection against heavy rainfall and snowfall in the north, the people live in houses with sloping roofs.


==References==
==References==
<references />
<references />
 
{{Climate of India by state or territory}}
{{West Bengal topics}}
{{West Bengal topics}}


Revision as of 12:46, 24 April 2022



The climate of West Bengal is varied, with tropical savannah in the southern portions of the state, to humid subtropical areas in the north. Temperatures vary widely, and there are five distinct seasons. The area is vulnerable to heavy rainfall, monsoons, and cyclones. There are some mountains in the area which are generally cold all year round.

National Highway 31A winds along the banks of the Teesta River near Kalimpong, in the Darjeeling Himalayan hill region in West Bengal.

Seasons

There are five main seasons in West Bengal: spring, summer, rainy season, a short autumn, and winter.

Spring

Spring is considered the most pleasant season over the plains of West Bengal and lies from mid-February to mid-March and is also the time where Holi is celebrated. Temperatures range between 20 °C – 30 °C and no rainfall. Though occasional rain or light showers are witnessed due to Western disturbances in North India.

Summer

The summer season is observed from March to May in most of Bengal.

Temperature

In Bengal, summers can be extremely hot and have high humidity. The plains of South Bengal have a daily maximum temperature around 35–38 °C.[1][2] It can also exceed 40 °C.[3][4][5][6][7] The western highlands experience a dry summer like northern India. During the day, the temperature ranges from 38 to 42 °C, though it can reach or exceed 45 °C.[8][9][10][11][12] In summer, the plains of North Bengal are generally cooler than the west and south.[13][14][15] In this area, the daily maximum temperature varies from 26 to 32 °C.[16] It occasionally crosses 35 °C. The minimum temperature in summer is approximately 18–22 °C. The Darjeeling hill region is the coolest area in summer. Here, the daily highest temperature is 15–25 °C.

Rainfall

Average temperature and Rainfall for Bengali cities in summer (March to May)[17]
City Average temperature (°C) Average Rainfall (mm)
Darjeeling 13.1 446
Siliguri 24.2 447
Jalpaiguri 24.0 453
Malda 28.3 188
Shantiniketan 29.4 264
Behrampore 29.3 136
Krishnagar 29.5 96
Asansol 30.0 114
Bankura 29.9 146
Kolkata 29.8 227
Digha 28.4 214
West Bengal 26.9 248.3

Monsoons

Period

In mid-June, the monsoon season starts.[18] It continues until the end of September.

Temperature

In most places, the temperature drops as cloud cover increases. This is less true for the mountains and the Terai Dooars plains, where temperature gradually increases until August.

The maximum temperature of South Bengal's plains and western highlands is 32 °C,[19] 31 °C in North Bengal plains and around 19–20 °C in mountains. Sometimes when the sky gets clear, the temperature rises suddenly. This is known as a monsoon break. This occurs mostly in North Bengal plains and in mountains in July and August when the temperature soars over 36 °C and 24 °C respectively.[20][21][22][23][24]

Rainfall

Most of the annual rainfall occurs during the monsoon period. Heavy rainfall above 250 cm is observed in the Darjeeling, Jalpaiguri, Alipurduar and Cooch Behar district.[25][26][27][28][29] Later, blowing westwards, the winds cause average rainfall of 125 cm in the northern plains and western plateau region.

Average temperature and Rainfall for Bengali cities during monsoon season (June to September)
City Average temperature (°C) Average Rainfall (mm)
Darjeeling 16.4 2796
Siliguri 28.1 2651
Jalpaiguri 28.0 2674
Malda 29.6 1207
Shantiniketan 29.4 1510
Behrampore 30.2 1036
Krishnagar 29.4 1348
Asansol 29.5 1140
Bankura 30.3 1227
Kolkata 29.6 1358
Digha 29.1 1192
West Bengal 28.1 1649.0

Autumn

Period

Autumn lasts for two months, October and November.

Temperature

In autumn, the southwest monsoon wind returns and clears the sky. So, the state gets enough sunshine to be warm in the day and releases a lot of heat to be cool at night.

At this time, a maximum temperature of 30–33 °C is felt over the plains and 17–19 °C in mountains. The minimum temperature is normally around 19–22 °C in plains and 6–11 °C in mountains.[30] Sometimes, cold waves blow over the state in autumn.[31][32][33]

Rainfall

In autumn, the southwest monsoon wind returns, and the northeast monsoon wind enters West Bengal. Due to their collision in Bay of Bengal, some cyclones are created.[34][35] The cyclones cause some rainfall in the state.

Average temperature and Rainfall for Bengali cities in autumn (October and November)
City Average temperature (°C) Average Rainfall (mm)
Darjeeling 13.4 74
Siliguri 23.2 181
Jalpaiguri 23.6 169
Malda 26.2 132
Shantiniketan 25.3 212
Behrampore 26.2 146
Krishnagar 26.5 175
Asansol 24.8 125
Bankura 25.9 94
Kolkata 26.6 216
Digha 25.9 240
West Bengal 24.3 160.4

Winter

Period

The winter season usually starts in December and ends in February.[36]

Temperature

In winter, a mild temperature is observed over the plains. The maximum temperature goes to 23–26 °C and the minimum temperature is 9–15 °C in plains of the state. The maximum and minimum temperature in the mountains range from 0–12 °C. Higher regions of the Darjeeling Himalayas get heavy snowfall during winter.[37][38][39]

The temperatures of the western highlands at night can drop 7–9 °C,[40][41][42] 4–7 °C in Siliguri, Jalpaiguri, Coochbehar plains[43][44][45][46] and 10–11 °C in Kolkata[47][48][49][50] when cold waves blow. Darjeeling's temperature can drop below freezing point.

Rainfall

Winter is generally dry. Most days are sunny. Occasionally, slight rainfall occurs because of conditions in northwest India. These are known as western disturbances.

Average temperature and Rainfall for some cities in Winter (December to February)
City Average temperature (°C) Average Rainfall (mm)
Darjeeling 7.6 30
Siliguri 17.3 60
Jalpaiguri 18.9 36
Malda 20.6 27
Shantiniketan 19.7 44
Behrampore 20.6 32
Krishnagar 20.5 29
Asansol 19.7 46
Bankura 20.1 42
Kolkata 21.6 35
Digha 21.1 43
West Bengal 17.0 38.5

Extremes

Sources: India Meteorological Department[51][52]

Highest Temperature

The chart below shows the highest recorded temperatures for all months in West Bengal, with place and date.

Month Highest Recorded Temperature(°C) Place Date
January style="Template:Weather box/colt"| 36.8 Krishnagar 1 January 1977
February style="Template:Weather box/colt"| 39.3 Bankura 26 February 2006
March style="Template:Weather box/colt"| 44.5 Behrampore 27 March 1980
April style="Template:Weather box/colt"| 46.7 Bankura 23 April 2016
May style="Template:Weather box/colt"| 48.3 Behrampore 23 May 1981
June style="Template:Weather box/colt"| 47.8 Suri 10 June 1966
July style="Template:Weather box/colt"| 43.0 Krishnagar 22 July 1994
August style="Template:Weather box/colt"| 48.3 Behrampore 2 August 1981
September style="Template:Weather box/colt"| 41.0 Coochbehar 11 September 1977
October style="Template:Weather box/colt"| 40.5 Malda 1 October 1978
November style="Template:Weather box/colt"| 38.5 Bagati 6 November 1976
December style="Template:Weather box/colt"| 36.5 Bagati 30 December 1984
West Bengal style="Template:Weather box/colt"| 48.3 Behrampore 23 May 1981 & 2 August 1981

Lowest Temperature

The chart below shows the lowest recorded temperatures for all months in West Bengal, with place and date.

Month Lowest Recorded Temperature(°C) Place Date
January style="Template:Weather box/colt"| -7.2 Darjeeling 30 January 1971
February style="Template:Weather box/colt"| -6.4 Darjeeling 2 February 1971
March style="Template:Weather box/colt"| -4.8 Darjeeling 1 March 1971
April style="Template:Weather box/colt"| 0.0 Darjeeling 16 April 1971
May style="Template:Weather box/colt"| 1.4 Darjeeling 1 May 1981
June style="Template:Weather box/colt"| 4.6 Kalimpong 14 June 1991
July style="Template:Weather box/colt"| 3.9 Darjeeling 26 July 1944
August style="Template:Weather box/colt"| 7.4 Kalimpong 24 August 1971
September style="Template:Weather box/colt"| 5.9 Kalimpong 10 September 1991
October style="Template:Weather box/colt"| 3.2 Darjeeling 31 October 1972
November style="Template:Weather box/colt"| -4.4 Darjeeling 26 November 1970
December style="Template:Weather box/colt"| -4.6 Darjeeling 29 December 1970
West Bengal style="Template:Weather box/colt"| -7.2 Darjeeling 30 January 1971

Temperature

The Tropic of Cancer passes 6 km north of Nabadwip, so, according to latitude, the northern part of the state falls in the temperate belt and the southern part falls in the tropical belt. The southern part receives adequate rainfall and is not severely hot due to its proximity to water. Barring the mountainous parts of Darjeeling and Jalpaiguri, the entire state experiences a warm tropical monsoon climate. Regional differences are visible in the climate. In the western plateau region, rainfall is low and variations in temperature are more common. Oceanic influence in the coastal region makes the climate there moderate and pleasant. The summer temperatures range from 26 °C (79 °F) to 43 °C (109 °F) while the winter temperatures range from 10 °C (50 °F) to 19 °C (66 °F).

Rainfall

Annual rainfall varies in different parts of the state. North Bengal receives the highest rainfall, 200 to 400 cm. In the coastal areas rainfall is about 200 cm, in the Ganga plain and in the central part of the state rainfall is about 150–200 cm, and in the western plateau region the amount of rainfall received is about 100 to 125 cm. Drought is a common phenomenon in the Bankura and Purulia districts. Rainfall that occurs in the summer months often brings about heavy storms called Kalbaishakhi.

Cyclones in West Bengal

Name Lowest Pressure (mbar) Year Winds(in km/h) Image
1970 Bhola Cyclone 966 1970
BOB 03 964 1981
BOB 07 994 1997
BOB 06 984 1998
BOB 04 998 2000
BOB 03 970 2002 100
Sidr 944 2007 215
Rashmi 996 2008 85
Aila 970 2009 120
Komen 986 2015 75
Roanu 983 2016 85
Mora 978 2017 110
Amphan 925 2020 240

Mountainous region

Because of the high altitude, mountainous parts of Darjeeling and Jalpaiguri experience a cool temperate and climate. The average temperature in summer is about 15 °C (59 °F), and winter temperature is about 2 °C (36 °F). Snowfall occurs in some parts of this region. Being obstructed by the Himalayas, the region receives heavy rainfall. Due to the scenic beauty and temperate climate of the region, a huge number of tourists visit the areas. Here Kalimpong is another hill station that is visited by many tourists in all seasons for its scenic beauty and the average cool temperature throughout the year.

Influences

Rainfall in the plains of West Bengal influences crop production. The humid climate is good for the production of rice and jute. Higher rainfall received in the northern mountainous region is favorable for the production of tea, which is popular all over the world. Pulses and oilseeds are also produced in large quantities.

The people prefer to wear loose and thin cotton clothes because of the climate. Rice and fish are the staple food of the Bengalis because they are easy to digest in this climate and are readily available.[citation needed] The hot and humid climate hampers the efficiency of the people, as the people tend to get tired easily. For protection against heavy rainfall and snowfall in the north, the people live in houses with sloping roofs.

References

  1. ↑ "চার জেলায় বৃষ্টির সম্ভাবনা, বাকি রাজ্য থাকবে 'শুখা'". Retrieved 5 November 2020.
  2. ↑ "আগামী কয়েকদিন তাপমাত্রা বাড়লেও ঝড়বৃষ্টি পেতে পারে দক্ষিণবঙ্গ". 3 March 2018. Retrieved 5 November 2020.
  3. ↑ "Kolkata records year's highest temperature at 39.6". Retrieved 25 October 2020.
  4. ↑ "Kolkata records hottest day of the season as heat wave heats hard". Retrieved 25 October 2020.
  5. ↑ "Temperature touches 41 degrees on hottest day". The Times of India. Retrieved 25 October 2020.
  6. ↑ "৪৪ ডিগ্রি সেলসিয়াসে শ্রীনিকেতন, ঘামে নাকাল কলকাতা". Retrieved 25 October 2020.
  7. ↑ "৪০ ডিগ্রিতে পুড়ছে পশ্চিমবঙ্গ". 10 May 2019. Retrieved 25 October 2020.
  8. ↑ "বর্ষা খুঁড়িয়ে হাঁটায় দহনও বে-লাগাম". Retrieved 5 November 2020.
  9. ↑ "Kolkata reels under heatwave, Bankura sizzles at 45.1 degrees Celsius". Retrieved 25 October 2020.
  10. ↑ "Purulia scorches at 49 degrees". Retrieved 25 October 2020.
  11. ↑ "summer agony in monsoon season heat wave persists in several states". Retrieved 25 October 2020.
  12. ↑ "৪৩ ডিগ্রি গরমে পুড়ছে বাঁকুড়া". Retrieved 27 October 2020.
  13. ↑ "জ্বলছে বাংলা, একেবারেই অন্য চিত্র উত্তরবঙ্গের এলাকাগুলোতে". 30 April 2019. Retrieved 26 October 2020.
  14. ↑ "Kalbaishakhi may come in south Bengal, says Weather Office". 14 May 2019. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  15. ↑ "Pre monsoon rain will continue in North Bengal, South Bengal will face discomfort weather". 29 May 2019. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  16. ↑ "ঘূর্ণিঝড় 'ফনি'-র প্রভাব বাংলায়! কবে কোথায়, জেনে নিন আবহাওয়া দফতরের সতর্কবার্তা". 29 April 2019. Retrieved 5 November 2020.
  17. ↑ "Regional Meteorological Department, Kolkata". Retrieved 25 October 2020.
  18. ↑ "স্বাভাবিক সময়েই এলো বর্ষা, ভারী বর্ষণের পূর্বাভাস বঙ্গে". Retrieved 28 October 2020.
  19. ↑ "১০ বছরে উষ্ণতম জুলাই, শহরে ৩৭ ডিগ্রি!". Retrieved 5 November 2020.
  20. ↑ "গরমে নাকাল শিলিগুড়ি". Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  21. ↑ "ঘড়িতে সাড়ে বারোটা, পারদে ৪০ ডিগ্রি". Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  22. ↑ "দার্জিলিঙে ঘুরছে পাখা, সমতলে ৩৯ ডিগ্রি!". Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  23. ↑ "রেকর্ড ভেঙে ৪১ ডিগ্রিতে জলপাইগুড়ির পারদ". Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  24. ↑ "Many parts of Sikkim is feeling above 30 degrees temperatures". Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  25. ↑ "ভারী বর্ষণের সম্ভাবনা বাড়ছে উত্তরবঙ্গে". Retrieved 28 October 2020.
  26. ↑ "ভাসছে উত্তর, বৃষ্টির প্রতীক্ষায় দক্ষিণবঙ্গ". Retrieved 28 October 2020.
  27. ↑ "Good Monsoon rains in Siliguri and Jalpaiguri". 26 June 2019. Retrieved 28 October 2020.
  28. ↑ "Siliguri is logging in 337 mm rain". Retrieved 28 October 2020.
  29. ↑ "250 mm of rainfall destroyed lifestyle of North". 23 September 2020. Retrieved 28 October 2020.
  30. ↑ "Regional Meteorological Department, Kolkata". Retrieved 9 November 2020.
  31. ↑ "শহর-শহরতলির তাপমাত্রা নামল স্বাভাবিকের ৩ ডিগ্রি নীচে, দেশজুড়ে শৈত্যপ্রবাহের সতর্কতা". Retrieved 8 November 2020.
  32. ↑ "রাজ্যের ৫ জেলায় বৃষ্টির পূর্বাভাস, শৈত্যপ্রবাহ নিয়ে বিশেষ সতর্কবার্তা দিল হাওয়া অফিস". 6 November 2020. Retrieved 8 November 2020.
  33. ↑ "উত্তরে যেমন নামছে পারদ , সঙ্গে মিলছে বৃষ্টির পূর্বাভাস". Retrieved 8 November 2020.
  34. ↑ "Cyclone Bulbul in West Bengal: Latest News & Videos, Photos about Cyclone Bulbul in West Bengal | the Economic Times - Page 1".
  35. ↑ "Bay of Bengal Cyclone: Latest News, Videos and Bay of Bengal Cyclone Photos | Times of India". The Times of India.
  36. ↑ "Winter Season from December to February likely to be Warmer in Various Parts of Country". Retrieved 7 December 2020.
  37. ↑ "সান্দাকফুতে তুষারপাত, বরফে ঢাকল ছাঙ্গুও". Retrieved 25 November 2020.
  38. ↑ "বরফমোড়া সান্দাকফু, সম্ভাবনা দার্জিলিঙেও". Retrieved 25 November 2020.
  39. ↑ "এপ্রিলে তুষারপাত বাংলায়". Retrieved 25 November 2020.
  40. ↑ "মাঘে এল বাঘা শীত". Retrieved 25 November 2020.
  41. ↑ "রাজ্য জুড়ে শৈত্যপ্রবাহ". Retrieved 25 November 2020.
  42. ↑ "পারদ পড়ে রোজই রেকর্ড গড়ছে ঠান্ডা". Retrieved 24 November 2020.
  43. ↑ "শীতে কাঁপছে উত্তরবঙ্গ, শিলিগুড়িতে পারদ নামল ৩ ডিগ্রিতে". Retrieved 24 November 2020.
  44. ↑ "৪.৪ ডিগ্রি! শিলিগুড়ির চাই রুম হিটার". Retrieved 24 November 2020.
  45. ↑ "কমছে পারদ, আগামী ২৪ ঘন্টায় জাঁকিয়ে পড়বে শীত". Retrieved 25 November 2020.
  46. ↑ "তীব্র শীতে কাঁপছে কলকাতা সহ রাজ্য". 9 January 2013. Retrieved 24 November 2020.
  47. ↑ "কলকাতায় ১০.৬ ডিগ্রি, দমদমে ৯.৫, শ্রীনিকেতনে ৫.৮". Retrieved 24 November 2020.
  48. ↑ "শীতের দাপটে কাঁপছে রাজ্য, পারদ নামল তিন ডিগ্রি". Retrieved 24 November 2020.
  49. ↑ "আরও নামল তাপমাত্রা! ১০ বছরে দ্বিতীয় সর্বনিম্ন কলকাতা, শিলিগুড়ি ৫.৫ ডিগ্রি". 29 December 2018. Retrieved 24 November 2020.
  50. ↑ "১১.৯ ডিগ্রি, শীতলতম দিন কলকাতায়". Retrieved 25 November 2020.
  51. ↑ "Climatological Normals for Indian Stations" (PDF). Climatological Normals 1981–2010. India Meteorological Department. January 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 29 November 2020.
  52. ↑ "Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. December 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 29 November 2020.
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