Mamata Banerjee

"Mamata" redirects here. For other uses, see Mamata (disambiguation).

Mamata Banerjee
Official portrait, 2015
8th Chief Minister of West Bengal
Incumbent
Assumed office 20 May 2011 (2011-05-20)
Governor	M. K. Narayanan D. Y. Patil (additional charge) Keshari Nath Tripathi Jagdeep Dhankhar La. Ganesan (additional charge) C. V. Ananda Bose R. N. Ravi
Cabinet	Mamata I Mamata II Mamata III
Preceded by	Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee
Additional ministries Incumbent Assumed office 20 May 2011 (2011-05-20) Ministry and Departments Home & Hill Affairs Personnel & Administrative Reforms Finance & Excise Planning Statistics Program Implementation Health and Family Welfare Land and Land Reforms Refugee and Rehabilitation Information & Cultural Affairs Minority Affairs & Madrassah Education Sports & Youth Affairs Preceded by Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee
Member of West Bengal Legislative Assembly
Incumbent
Assumed office 3 October 2021 (2021-10-03)
Preceded by	Sovandeb Chattopadhyay
Constituency	Bhabanipur
Majority	58,835
In office 16 November 2011 (2011-11-16) – 2 May 2021 (2021-05-02)
Preceded by	Subrata Bakshi
Succeeded by	Sovandeb Chattopadhyay
Constituency	Bhabanipur
Majority	54,213 (2011)
President of the All India Trinamool Congress
Incumbent
Assumed office 2001 (2001)
Preceded by	Ajit Kumar Panja
Union Cabinet offices Union Minister of Railways In office 22 May 2009 (2009-05-22) – 19 May 2011 (2011-05-19) Prime Minister Manmohan Singh Preceded by Lalu Prasad Yadav Succeeded by Dinesh Trivedi In office 13 October 1999 (1999-10-13) – 15 March 2001 (2001-03-15) Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee Preceded by Ram Naik Succeeded by Nitish Kumar Union Minister of Coal In office 9 January 2004 – 22 May 2004 Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee Preceded by Karia Munda Succeeded by Shibu Soren Union Minister of Mines In office 9 January 2004 – 22 May 2004 Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee Preceded by Ramesh Bais (MOS (I/C)) Succeeded by Shibu Soren Union Minister of State for Human Resource Development In office 21 June 1991 — 17 January 1993 Prime Minister P. V. Narasimha Rao Minister Arjun Singh 1991—1993 Departments in-charge for: Youth Affairs and Sports Woman and Child Development Preceded by Bhagey Gobardhan Succeeded by Mukul Wasnik (Youth Affairs and Sports) Basavarajeshwari (Women and Child Development) Union Cabinet Minister (without portfolio) In office 8 September 2003 – 8 January 2004 Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee Preceded by N. Gopalaswami Ayyangar Succeeded by Natwar Singh
Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha
In office 1991 (1991) – 2011 (2011)
Preceded by	Biplab Dasgupta
Succeeded by	Subrata Bakshi
Constituency	Kolkata Dakshin, West Bengal
In office 1984 (1984) – 1989 (1989)
Preceded by	Somnath Chatterjee
Succeeded by	Malini Bhattacharya
Constituency	Jadavpur, West Bengal
Personal details
Born	(1955-01-05) 5 January 1955 Calcutta, West Bengal, India
Nationality	Indian
Political party	All India Trinamool Congress (since 1998)
Other political affiliations	Indian National Congress (R) (1975–1978) Indian National Congress (I) (1978–1998)
Relations	Abhishek Banerjee (nephew)
Residence	30-B, Harish Chatterjee Street, Kolkata
Alma mater	University of Calcutta
Signature
Nickname(s)	Didi (transl. elder sister)
Position Held 1970–80: General-Secretary, Mahila Congress (I), West Bengal 1978–81: Secretary, District Congress Committee (Indira) [D.C.C. (I)], Calcutta South 1984: General-Secretary, All India Youth Congress (I) 1985–87: Member, Committee on the Welfare of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes 1987–88: Member, National Council, All India Youth Congress (I) Member, Consultative Committee, Ministry of Home Affairs Member, Consultative Committee, Ministry of Human Resource Development Member, Executive Committee, Congress Parliamentary Party [C.P.P. (I)] 1989: Member, Executive Committee, Pradesh Congress Committee [P.C.C. (I)], West Bengal 1990: President, Youth Congress, West Bengal 1993–96: Member, Committee on Home Affairs 1995–96: Member, Consultative Committee, Ministry of Home Affairs Member, Committee on Public Accounts 1996–97: Member, Committee on Home Affairs Member, Consultative Committee, Ministry of Home Affairs 1998–99: Chairman, Committee on Railways, Member of General Purposes Committee Member, Consultative Committee, Ministry of Home Affairs 1999: Leader, All India Trinamool Congress Parliamentary Party, Lok Sabha Member, General Purposes Committee 2001–2003: Member, Consultative Committee, Ministry of Industries 8 September 2003 – 8 January 2004: Union Cabinet Minister (without any portfolio) 2004: Member, Committee on Personnel, Public Grievances, Law & Justice 5 August 2006: Member, Committee on Home Affairs 5 August 2007: Member, Committee on Home Affairs 31 May 2009 – 19 July 2011: Leader, All India Trinamool Congress Parliamentary Party, Lok Sabha
As of 9 October 2011 Source: [1]

Mamata Banerjee (bn; born 5 January 1955) is an Indian politician and lawyer who is currently serving as the chief minister of West Bengal since 20 May 2011; she is the first woman to hold the office. The founder and president of the All India Trinamool Congress (AITC or TMC), she previously served as a Union Cabinet Minister and is also the current leader of the house in West Bengal's Legislative Assembly.

She founded the AITC in 1998 after separating from the Indian National Congress (I), and became its second president later in 2001. She often refers to herself as Didi (meaning, elder sister in Bengali). She made history as the first sitting Chief Minister of India to argue as a lawyer in the Supreme Court. Banerjee previously served twice as Minister of Railways, becoming the first woman to do so. She is also the second female Minister of Coal, and Minister of Human Resource Development, Youth Affairs and Sports, Women and Child Development in the cabinet of the Indian government. She rose to prominence after opposing the erstwhile land acquisition policies for industrialisation of the Left Front-led government in West Bengal for Special Economic Zones at the cost of agriculturalists and farmers at Singur. In 2011, Banerjee pulled off a landslide victory for the AITC alliance in West Bengal, defeating the 34-year-old Communist Party of India (Marxist)-led Left Front government.

She served as a member of West Bengal Legislative Assembly from Bhabanipur from 2011 to 2021. She contested the Nandigram assembly seat and lost to the BJP's Suvendu Adhikari in the 2021 state election, though her party won a large majority of seats. She is the third West Bengal Chief Minister to lose an election from her own constituency, after Prafulla Chandra Sen in 1967 and Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee in 2011. Mamata challenged the result of the Nandigram Constituency in Calcutta High Court and the matter is sub judice. She led her party to a landslide victory in the 2021 West Bengal assembly polls. She got elected as member of West Bengal Legislative Assembly again from Bhabanipur constituency in the bypoll. Banerjee is one of the two female incumbent Indian chief ministers.

Early life and education

Banerjee was born in Calcutta (now Kolkata), West Bengal, to a Bengali Hindu Brahmin family. Her parents were Promileswar Banerjee and Gayetri Devi. Banerjee's father, Promileswar, died due to lack of medical treatment, when she was 17.

In 1970, Banerjee completed the higher secondary board examination from Deshbandhu Sishu Sikshalay. She received a bachelor's degree in history from Jogamaya Devi College. Later, she earned her master's degree in Islamic history from the University of Calcutta. This was followed by a degree in education from Shri Shikshayatan College and a law degree from Jogesh Chandra Chaudhuri Law College, Kolkata.

In 1984, Mamata Banerjee prefixed her name with ‘Dr’, claiming that she had completed her doctorate. After it came to light that the University (University of East Georgia) from which Banerjee had putatively completed her PhD did not exist, she stopped prefixing her name with the ‘Dr’ title.

Banerjee became involved with politics when she was only 15. While studying at the Jogamaya Devi College, she established Chhatra Parishad Unions, the student wing of the Congress (I) Party, defeating the All India Democratic Students Organisation affiliated with the Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist). She continued in the Congress (I) Party in West Bengal, serving in a variety of positions within the party and in other local political organisations.

Early political career (1984–2011)

Political career with Congress (I)

Mamata Banerjee at Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centre for Human Excellence and Social Sciences, Rajarhat, New Town, Kolkata

Banerjee began her political career in the Congress (I) party as a young woman in the 1970s. In 1975 she gained attention in the press media when she danced on the car of socialist activist and politician Jayaprakash Narayan as a protest against him, during the Emergency. She quickly rose in the ranks of the local Congress group and remained the general secretary of Mahila Congress (Indira), West Bengal, from 1976 to 1980. In the 1984 general election, Banerjee became one of India's youngest parliamentarians ever, defeating veteran Communist politician Somnath Chatterjee, to win the Jadavpur parliamentary Constituency in West Bengal. She also became the general secretary of the Indian Youth Congress in 1984. She lost her seat to Malini Bhattacharya of the Communist Party of India (Marxist) in the 1989 general elections in an anti-Congress wave. She was re-elected in the 1991 general elections, having settled into the Calcutta South constituency. She retained the Kolkata South seat in the 1996, 1998, 1999, 2004 and 2009 general elections.

Banerjee was appointed the Union Minister of State for Human Resources Development, Youth Affairs and Sports, and Women and Child Development in 1991 by prime minister, P. V. Narasimha Rao. As the sports minister, she announced that she would resign and protested in a rally at the Brigade Parade Ground in Kolkata, against the Government's indifference towards her proposal to improve sports in the country. She was discharged of her portfolios in 1993. In April 1996, she alleged that Congress (I) was behaving as a stooge of the CPI-M in West Bengal. She said that she was the lone voice of reason and wanted a "clean Congress".

In December 1992, Banerjee took a physically challenged girl Dipali Basak, who was allegedly raped by CPI(M) cadre Souvagya Basak, to Writers' Building to the then Chief Minister Jyoti Basu but was harassed by the police before being arrested and put on detention. She had sworn she would enter the building again only as chief minister.

The State Youth Congress led by Mamata Banerjee organised a protest march to Writers' Building in Kolkata on 21 July 1993 against the Left Front government. They demanded that voters' ID cards be made the only required document for voting, to put a stop to CPM's "scientific rigging". Thirteen people were shot and killed by police during the protest and many others were injured. Reacting to this incident the then-Chief Minister of West Bengal, Jyoti Basu, said that the "police had done a good job." During the 2014 inquiry, Justice (retired) Sushanta Chatterjee, former Chief Justice of the Orissa High Court, described the police response as "unprovoked and unconstitutional". "The commission has come to the conclusion that the case is even worse than Jallianwala Bagh massacre," said Justice Chatterjee.

Founding Trinamool Congress

Mamata Banerjee speaking to the elected members and party workers at Bongaon stadium after the West Bengal panchayat elections.

In 1997, due to difference in political views with the then West Bengal Pradesh Congress Committee president Somendra Nath Mitra, Banerjee left the Congress (I) Party in West Bengal and became one of the founding members of the All India Trinamool Congress, along with Mukul Roy. It quickly became the primary opposition party to the long-standing Left Front government in the state. On 11 December 1998, she controversially held a Samajwadi Party MP, Daroga Prasad Saroj, by the collar and dragged him out of the well of the Lok Sabha to prevent him from protesting against the Women's Reservation Bill.

Railway Minister (first tenure), 1999–2000

In 1999, she joined the BJP-led National Democratic Alliance (NDA) government and became Railways Minister. In 2000, Banerjee presented her first Railway Budget. In it, she fulfilled many of her promises to her home state West Bengal. She introduced a new biweekly New Delhi-Sealdah Rajdhani Express train and four express trains connecting various parts of West Bengal, namely the Howrah-Purulia Rupasi Bangla Express, the Sealdah-New Jalpaiguri Padatik Express, the Shalimar-Adra Aranyak Express, the Sealdah-Ajmer Ananya Superfast Express, and Sealdah-Amritsar Akal Takht Superfast Express. She also increased the frequency of the Pune-Howrah Azad Hind Express and extended at least three express train services. Work on the Digha-Howrah Express service was also hastened during her brief tenure.

She also focused on developing tourism, enabling the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway section to obtain two additional locomotives and proposing the Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation Limited. She also commented that India should play a pivotal role in the Trans-Asian Railway and that rail links between Bangladesh and Nepal would be reintroduced. In all, she introduced 19 new trains for the 2000–2001 fiscal year.

In 2000, she and Ajit Kumar Panja resigned to protest the hike in petroleum prices, and then withdrew their resignations without providing any reasons.

2001 West Bengal election

In early 2001, after Tehelka's exposure of Operation West End, Banerjee walked out of the NDA cabinet and allied with the Congress Party for West Bengal's 2001 elections, to protest the corruption charges levelled by the website against senior ministers of the government.

Minister of Coal and Mines, January 2004 – May 2004

Banerjee assumes the charge of the Minister for Coal and Mines in New Delhi on 9 January 2004

She returned to the NDA government in September 2003 as a cabinet minister without any portfolio. Along with Mamata, her party colleague Sudip Banerjee was also inducted in the Vajpayee ministry. On 9 January 2004 she took charge as Ministry of Coal and Mines. During her short term as the minister of coal and mines, the government disallowed the sale of the National Aluminium Company. She held the Coal and Mines portfolios till 22 May 2004.

2004–2006 election setbacks

In Indian general election of 2004 her party aligned with the Bharatiya Janata Party. However, the alliance lost the election and she was the only Trinamool Congress member to be elected from a parliamentary seat from West Bengal. Banerjee suffered further setbacks in 2005 when her party lost control of the Kolkata Municipal Corporation and the sitting mayor Subrata Mukherjee defected from her party. In 2006, the Trinamool Congress was defeated in West Bengal's Assembly Elections, losing more than half of its sitting members. On 4 August 2006, Banerjee hurled her resignation papers at the deputy speaker Charanjit Singh Atwal in Lok Sabha. She was provoked by Speaker Somnath Chatterjee's rejection of her adjournment motion on illegal infiltration by Bangladeshis in West Bengal on the grounds that it was not in the proper format.

Singur, Nandigram and other movements

On 20 October 2005, she protested against the forceful land acquisition and the atrocities perpetrated against local farmers in the name of the industrial development policy of the Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee government in West Bengal. Benny Santoso, CEO of the Indonesia-based Salim Group, had pledged a large investment in West Bengal, and the West Bengal government had given him farmland in Howrah, sparking protests. In soaking rain, Banerjee and other Trinamool Congress members stood in front of the Taj Hotel where Santoso had arrived, shut out by the police. Later, she and her supporters followed Santoso's convoy. A planned "black flag" protest was avoided when the government had Santoso arrive three hours ahead of schedule.

Singur protest

Main article: Tata Nano Singur controversy

In November 2006, Banerjee was forcibly stopped on her way to Singur for a rally against a proposed Tata Motors car project. Banerjee reached the West Bengal assembly and protested at the venue. She addressed a press conference at the assembly and announced a 12-hour shutdown by her party on Friday. After being arrested by police earlier in that day "for violating prohibitory orders" near Singur, she alleged that the administration had acted "unconstitutionally" by preventing her from entering Singur where the Tata motors proposed to set up a small car factory. She was intercepted at Hooghly and sent back. After this incident the Trinamool Congress MLAs protested by damaging furniture and microphones and vandalising the West Bengal Legislative Assembly Building. A major strike was called on 14 December 2006. But all in all there was no gain. On 4 December, Banerjee began the historic 26-day hunger strike in Kolkata protesting the forcible acquisition of farmland by the government. The then-President A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, who was concerned about her health, spoke to the then-Prime Minister Manmohan Singh to resolve the issue. Kalam also appealed to Banerjee to withdraw her fast as "life is precious". A letter from Manmohan Singh was faxed to Gopalkrishna Gandhi, the then-Governor of West Bengal, and then it was immediately delivered to Mamata. After receiving the letter Mamata finally broke her fast at midnight on 29 December. In 2016 the Supreme Court declared that the acquisition of 997 acres of land by West Bengal's Left Front government for the Tata Motors plant in Singur was illegal.

Nandigram protest

Main article: Nandigram violence

In 2007 a battalion of armed police stormed the rural area of Nandigram in the district of Purba Medinipur with the aim of quashing protests against the West Bengal government's plans to expropriate 10,000 acres (40 km²) of land for a Special Economic Zone (SEZ) to be developed by the Indonesian-based Salim Group. At least 14 villagers were shot dead and 70 more were wounded. This led to a large number of intellectuals to protest on the streets. CPI(M) cadres allegedly molested and raped 300 women and girls during the Nandigram invasions.

Banerjee wrote letters to Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and Union Home Minister Shivraj Patil to stop what she called "state-sponsored violence" promoted by CPI(M) in Nandigram. Her political activism during the movement is widely believed to be one of the contributing causes to her landslide victory in 2011.

The CBI report on the incident vindicated CPI(M)'s stand that Buddhadeb did not order the police to open fire. They did so only to disperse the unlawful assembly after every other standard operating procedure had failed. But supporting the violence in Nandigram by his own party workers, Buddhadeb Bhattacharya had said earlier "They (the oppositions) have been paid back in the same coin." There are allegations of involvement of some local TMC leaders in the Nandigram Violence.

Mamata Banerjee, Chief Minister Government of West Bengal speaking at an event in London.

2009–2011 electoral progress

Before the 2009 parliamentary elections she allied with the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) led by Indian National Congress. The alliance won 26 seats. Banerjee joined the central cabinet as the railway minister (second tenure). In the 2010 Municipal Elections in West Bengal, TMC won Kolkata Municipal Corporation by a margin of 62 seats. TMC also won Bidhan Nagar Corporation by a seven-seat margin. In 2011, Banerjee won a sweeping majority and assumed the position of chief minister of the state of West Bengal. Her party ended the 34-year rule of the Left Front.

Trinamool Congress performed well in the 2009 parliamentary election, winning 19 seats. Its allies in Congress and SUCI also won six and one seats respectively marking the best performance by any opposition party in West Bengal since the beginning of the Left's regime. Until then, the Congress victory of 16 seats in 1984, was considered their best show in opposition.

Railway Minister (second tenure), 2009–2011

In 2009, Mamata Banerjee became the railway minister for the second time. Her focus was again on West Bengal.

Banerjee has sworn again as Cabinet Minister at Rashtrapati Bhawan, New Delhi at 2009.

She led Indian Railways to introduce a number of non-stop Duronto Express trains connecting large cities as well as a number of other passenger trains, including women-only trains. The Anantnag-Qadigund segment of the Jammu–Baramulla line that had been in the making since 1994 was inaugurated during her tenure. She also declared the 25 km (16 mi) long line-1 of the Kolkata Metro as an independent zone of the Indian Railways for which she was criticised.

She stepped down as railway minister to become the chief minister of West Bengal. She commented: "The way I am leaving the railways behind, it will run well. Don't worry, my successor will get all my support." Her nominee from her party, Dinesh Trivedi, succeeded her as railway minister.

Banerjee's tenure as railway minister was subsequently questioned as most of the big-ticket announcements made by her when she held the post, saw little or no progress. Reuters reported that "Her two-year record as railway minister has been heavily criticized for running the network into more debt to pay for populist measures such as more passenger trains." The Indian Railways became loss-making during her two-year tenure.

Chief Minister of West Bengal (2011–present)

Then United States secretary of State, Hillary Clinton during a meeting with West Bengal chief minister Mamata Banerjee at the Writers', Kolkata on 7 May 2012.

Mamata Banerjee, Chief Minister Government of West Bengal shown at an event in London on 27 July 2015.

In 2011, the All India Trinamool Congress along with SUCI and the INC won the West Bengal legislative assembly election against the incumbent Left Alliance by securing 227 seats. TMC won 184 seats with the INC winning 42 seats and the SUCI secured one seat. This marked the end of the 34-year long Left Front government.

Banerjee was sworn in as chief minister of West Bengal on 20 May 2011. As the first female chief minister of West Bengal, one of her first decisions was to return 400 acres of land to Singur farmers. "The cabinet has decided to return 400 acres to unwilling farmers in Singur," the chief minister said. "I have instructed the department to prepare the papers for this. If Tata-babu (Ratan Tata) wants, he can set up his factory on the remaining 600 acres, otherwise we will see how to go about it."

She has also been credited for setting up of the Gorkhaland Territorial Administration.

She began various reforms in the education and health sectors. Some of the reforms in the education sector included the release of teachers' monthly pay on the first of every month and quicker pensions for retiring teachers. In the health sector Banerjee promised: "A three-phase developmental system will be taken up to improve the health infrastructure and service." On 30 April 2015, a representative of UNICEF India congratulated the government for making Nadia the first Open Defecation Free district in the country. In a statement on 17 October 2012, Banerjee attributed the increasing incidence of rape in the country to "more free interaction between men and women". She said that "Earlier if men and women would hold hands, they would get caught by parents and reprimanded but now everything is so open. It's like an open market with open options." She was criticised in the national media for these statements.

She was also instrumental in the rollback of the petrol price hikes and the suspension of FDI in the retail sector until a consensus is evolved. In a bid to improve the law and enforcement situation in West Bengal, police commissioners were created at Howrah, Barrackpore, Durgapur-Asansol and Bidhannagar. The total area of Kolkata Municipal Corporation was brought under the control of the Kolkata Police.

Banerjee had shown a keen interest in making the public aware of the state's history and culture. She named several stations of the Kolkata Metro after freedom fighters, and plans on naming upcoming stations after religious leaders, poets, singers and the like. Mamata Banerjee has been criticised for starting controversial stipends to imams (Iman Bhatta) which was ruled unconstitutional by Calcutta High Court.

Priti Patel, then Minister of State for Employment in Government of United Kingdom, and former Home Secretary of United Kingdom meeting Mamata Banerjee, Chief Minister Government of West Bengal in London.

On 16 February 2012, Bill Gates, of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, sent a letter to the West Bengal government praising Banerjee and her administration for achieving a full year without any reported cases of polio. The letter said this was not only a milestone for India but also for the whole world.

In June 2012, she launched a Facebook page to rally and gather public support for A.P.J Abdul Kalam, her party's choice for the presidential elections. After he refused to stand for the second time, she supported Pranab Mukherjee for the post, after a long tussle over the issue, commenting she was personally a "great fan" of Mukherjee and wishing that he "grows from strength to strength".

She is against calling bandhs (work stoppage) although actively supported them when she was in opposition.

Her tenure was also heavily marred by the Saradha Scam – financial embezzlement which led to the imprisonment of Madan Mitra – a former minister in her cabinet, Kunal Ghosh – a party MP, and rigorous grilling of several party men holding important posts. The Saradha Group financial scandal and the Rose Valley financial scandal came to light during her tenure and her painting being sold to the firms were being scrutinised by law enforcement agencies. One of her paintings was also sold to Sudipto Sen (central figure in the Saradha scam) for ₹1.8 crore (equivalent to ₹1.9 crore or US$270,000 in 2019), while 20 more of her pictures were seized from other Saradha Group shareholders. During her tenure she challenged the federal system of India when she ordered the arrest of CBI officials, who arrived in Kolkata to investigate the Saradha Group financial scandal. But CBI's attempted arrest of Kolkata Police Commissioner was also an attack on federalism.

Prime Minister Modi, the Prime Minister of Bangladesh, Sheikh Hasina and the Chief Minister Banerjee at Hyderabad House, in New Delhi on 8 April 2017.

President Kovind during a Foundation Stone laying ceremony at the 64th Annual Convocation of IIT Kharagpur, in West Bengal. The Governor of West Bengal, and the Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee are also seen.

In the 2016 assembly elections, All India Trinamool Congress won with a landslide two-thirds majority under Mamata Banerjee winning 211 seats out of total 293, who has been elected as Chief Minister West Bengal for the second term. All India Trinamool Congress won with an enhanced majority contesting alone and became the first ruling party to win without an ally since 1962 in West Bengal.

In 2017 Kanyashree, a scheme launched by her government, was ranked the best by the United Nations among 552 social sector schemes from across 62 countries.

Banerjee giving speech at Bengal Global Business Summit - 2022 in Kolkata on 20 April.

Banerjee with UNESCO officers Érik Falt and Tim Curtis, during a celebration over the enlistment of Durga Puja as a intangible cultural heritage, on 1 September 2022.

Minister of Home Affairs, Amit Shah and Mamata Banerjee at the 25th Eastern Zonal Council meeting, in Kolkata on 17 December 2022.

In the 2021 assembly elections, AITC won with a landslide two-thirds majority. But, Mamata Banerjee who fought from Nandigram lost against Suvendu Adhikari of the Bharatiya Janata Party by 1,956 votes. Mamata Banerjee however challenged this outcome and the matter is sub judice. As her party won 213 seats out of total 292, she was elected as Chief Minister of West Bengal for the third term. Later at Raj Bhawan, she tendered her resignation to Jagdeep Dhankhar. She took oath as Chief Minister on 5 May 2021. Her party later won 2 remaining seats and she herself won Bhabanipur by-election by a huge margin of 58,835 votes. She was sworn in as MLA on 7 October.

After winning the election, following her promises she launched the scheme Lakshmir Bhandar. In this scheme women under the age of 60 were provided the basic financial help, about 500 rupees for general and 1000 rupees to minorities. The scheme turned out to be a huge success as it became massively popular.

Another scheme was also projected under her leadership, Students Credit Card scheme, to give financial supports in loan to intellectual students who are unable to keep higher studies due to lack of money. The loan limit was up to 10 lakh rupees, under the nominee of government of West Bengal.

On 30 November 2021, she surpassed her immediate predecessor Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee to become the third-longest-serving Chief Minister of West Bengal. If Mamata remains in office at least till 26 October 2025, she would become the second-longest-serving Chief Minister after Jyoti Basu, superseding Bidhan Chandra Roy and if remains in office till 22 September 2025, she would also be become the second-female-longest-serving Chief Minister after Sheila Dikshit, superseding J. Jayalalithaa.

On 18 August 2025, Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee launched the Shramashree scheme, a rehabilitation initiative aimed at Bengali-speaking migrant workers returning to West Bengal following alleged harassment in certain other states. Under the scheme, each returning worker receives a one-time travel grant of ₹5,000 and a monthly allowance of ₹5,000 for up to one year or until they secure employment. Beneficiaries are also provided with Khadya Sathi ration cards for food security, Swasthya Sathi health insurance, and their children are enrolled in state schools; those without homes are offered accommodation in community kitchens. The scheme further includes skill assessment and training under the Utkarsha Bangla initiative, with job cards issued through the Karmashree scheme. A dedicated online portal and mobile app facilitate registration, and once registered, beneficiaries are issued identity cards to access these services. State outreach camps—Duare Sarkar and Amader Para Amader Samadhan(APAS)—have been designated as venues for enrolment and awareness campaigns to encourage participation in the scheme until early November 2025.

Issues and protests

No NRC movement

No NRC movement was widespread and widely successful in West Bengal. The movement was supported and consolidated by Trinamool Congress. Due to the popularity of the movement, the BJP was forced to disown and distance from All India NRC. Amit Shah did not refer to NRC in his visit to Kolkata on 1 March, denoting its success.

Mamata Banerjee had argued that NRC in Assam was a 'game plan' to 'divide and rule' Indians accusing the Assam Government and the Center under BJP. That the NRC would make Indians refugees in their own country. On 12 September 2019, Mamata Banerjee led a protest rally in Kolkata against NRC. In the rally, she declared that "You can silence Assam but not Bengal". On 26 December 2019, Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee led a massive rally against NRC and CAA from Kolkata's Raja Bazar to Mullick Bazar.On that protest attacking the Modi government she said, "I don't know my mother's birth date, birth place, how will you know".

Park Circus ground became the major venue for anti CAA protests in Kolkata where various personalities, politicians and social activists joined the protest. E.g.:P P. Chidamabaram joined the anti CAA protests in Kolkata on 18 January 2020. Singer Kabir Suman, activist Umar Khalid and Yogendra Yadav also visited the venue to express their support to the protestors.

Women also actively participated in the anti NRC and anti CAA protest in Kolkata and staged a sit in protest in the park circus maidan on 8 January. One of the protestors said, "I want to ask Prime Minister Narendra Modi and his ministers what documents they have which prove them Indians." The anti NRC movement in Kolkata was characterised by placards, posters and slogans targeting the BJP and the centre. People have also left behind dozens of pair of shoes, scarves and dupattas in the park circus ground as a protest against NRC AND CAA.

COVID-19 management

Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in West Bengal

Banerjee and her government was accused of concealing facts by the opposition parties like CPI(M) and Congress, other critics and many doctors. The BJP also accused Mamata of doing "appeasement" and made Covid issues related to communalism and Taglibhi Jamaat in Delhi. She blamed them for raising "false alarm" and "maligning West Bengal’s health department" over COVID-19 deaths in Bengal. Mamata Banerjee also blamed BJP's IT cell for using fake news. The government later banned use of cellphones in hospitals. Many people were arrested for spreading fake news related to communalism amid the lockdown. FIR was lodged against a Bengal BJP MP. The National Institute for Research in Bacterial Infections (NIRBI) lodged complains against the West Bengal Government for not sending enough samples to them for testing.

2024 RG Kar incident and others

Main article: 2024 Kolkata rape and murder

Banerjee was widely criticised for handling of the rape and murder of a young trainee doctor at R. G. Kar Medical College and Hospital and alleged coverup. She was accused by the family of trying to protect the now ex-principal Sandip Ghosh whose involvement in the incident is being investigated by the CBI. It was followed by widespread protests related to women's rights and doctor's protests in the city of Kolkata, some other cities in India and in Bangladesh.

Sandeshkhali incident

Main article: 2024 Sandeshkhali violence

In February 2024, several women in Sandeshkhali village came forward, first on Republic TV saying that Trinamool Congress local bloc leader and alleged strongmen Sheikh Shahjahan, Uttam Sardar and Shibu Hazra had been sexually assaulting and raping them. Mamata Bannerjee was accused by the Bharatiya Janata Party leaders for keeping silence on the crime and protecting such criminal politicians and the BJP was accused of trying to turn a land-grab incident into a communal issue against Muslims with accusations of sexual assault by Sheikh Shahjahan. He has been on the run, after Enforcement Directorate officers attempted to arrest him on a corruption case, who were attacked by his supporters. On 29 February 2024, at around 5:30 am (IST), Shahjahan was arrested by the West Bengal police from Minakhan, North 24 Parganas by them.

2026 Enforcement Directorate — I-PAC searches

In January 2026, the Enforcement Directorate (ED) carried out searches at the offices of the political consultancy Indian Political Action Committee (I-PAC) in Kolkata and at related locations as part of a money-laundering probe linked to an alleged coal pilferage case. During the operation on 8 January 2026, Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee visited the premises, including the residence of I-PAC director Pratik Jain and the company's office, while searches were underway. The ED alleged that Banerjee and members of her party's team removed physical documents and electronic devices from the premises, which the agency described as interference with its investigation; Banerjee and the Trinamool Congress denied the allegation, saying she was safeguarding party documents and accusing the agency of political motivation. The ED subsequently approached the Calcutta High Court and later the Supreme Court alleging obstruction of its investigation, and Kolkata Police registered FIRs and began separate inquiries related to the incident; the matter is the subject of ongoing litigation and investigation.

Personal life and recognitions

Throughout her political life, Banerjee has maintained a publicly austere lifestyle, dressing in simple traditional Bengali clothes and avoiding luxuries. During an interview in April 2019, Prime minister Narendra Modi claimed that despite their political differences, Banerjee sends her own selected kurtas and sweets to him every year.

She identifies herself as a Hindu. Banerjee is a self-taught painter and a poet. Her 300 paintings were sold for ₹9crore (₹90 million, £990,000 or US$1,350,000). In 2012, Time magazine named her as one of the 100 Most Influential People in the World. Bloomberg Markets magazine listed her among the 50 most influential people in the world of finance in September 2012. In 2018, she was conferred the Skoch Chief Minister of the Year Award. Banerjee stepped out into the streets of Kolkata during lockdown, caused by the COVID-19 outbreak, to spread awareness among the common people. While appealing for maintaining religious harmony, Banerjee has reiterated the fact on numerous occasions that "Religion is personal, but festivals are universal."

She received an Honorary D.Litt in Literature from St. Xavier's University on 6 February 2023 and another from Calcutta University on 12 January 2018. She also received an honorary doctorate from the Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, a Bhubaneshwar-based deemed university.

In 2021, Mamata Banerjee was invited to attend World Meeting for Peace in Rome. She was the only Indian invited to attend the event. But in September, the Union Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) denied her permission to attend the peace conference stating that the event was not "commensurate in status for participation by the chief minister of a state". BJP MP Subramanian Swamy slammed Modi government on Banerjee's Rome visit cancelation. According to Indian Diplomat K. P. Fabian, the reason cited by MEA was unconvincing. Similarly, in December, Banerjee was denied permission by the MEA to visit Nepal.

TIME magazine published its annual list of 'The 100 Most Influential People of 2021' on 15 September 2021. The list includes Mamata Banerjee among others.

In popular culture

• Baghini, a Bengali film, inspired by Mamata Banerjee's life, was released on 24 May 2019. It is not a biopic.
• Former Trinamool Congress MLA Dipak Kumar Ghosh wrote a controversial book on her personal life, Mamata Bandopadhyayke Jemon Dekhechi. It creates critical response among the Bengali readers. A defamation case was also filed against Deepak Ghosh but the case has not been resolved yet. The controversial book was banned by an interim order of Civil Judge, Barasat Court on 22 July 2025.

Works in arts and literature

Mamata Banerjee at 43rd International Kolkata Book Fair with her books in hand

Numerous books written by her have been published so far. In 2022, she was given Paschimbanga Akademy Award for 'Kabita Bitan' which consists of 946 poems.

She is also a self-taught painter. Her paintings have also been auctioned several times.

She is also a lyricist and her compositions are mostly based on 'Durga Puja' and 'Motherland'. 'Maa Go Tumi Sarbojanin' sung by Shreya Ghoshal is one of her most popular songs.

Electoral history

Main article: Electoral history of Mamata Banerjee

Lok Sabha

Year	Constituency	Party		Votes	%	Opponent	Opponent Party		Opponent Votes	%	Result	Margin	%
2009	Kolkata Dakshin		AITC	576,045	57.19	Rabin Deb		CPI (M)	356,474	35.39	Won	219,571	21.8
2004	Calcutta South	393,561	51.1	295,132	38.3		Won	98,429	12.8
1999		469,103	58.26	Subhankar Chakraborty	255,095	31.68	Won	214,008	26.58
1998		503,551	59.37	Prasanta Kumar Sur	279,470	32.95	Won	224,081	26.42
1996			INC	438,252	52.5	Bharati Mukherjee	334,991	40.1	Won	103,261	12.4
1991		367,896	52.46	Biplab Dasgupta	274,233	39.1	Won	93,663	13.36
1989	Jadavpur	410,288	46.67	Malini Bhattacharya	441,188	50.19	Lost	-30,900	-3.52
1984		331,618	50.87	Somnath Chatterjee	311,958	47.85	Won	19,660	3.02

West Bengal Legislative Assembly elections

Year	Constituency	Party		Votes	%	Opponent	Opponent Party		Opponent Votes	%	Result	Margin	%
2021	Bhabanipur (by-election)		AITC	85,263	71.9	Priyanka Tibrewal		BJP	26,428	22.29	Won	58,835	49.61
	Nandigram	108,808	47.64	Suvendu Adhikari	110,764	48.49	Lost	-1,956	-0.85
2016	Bhabanipur	65,520	47.67	Deepa Dasmunshi		INC	40,219	29.96	Won	25,301	17.71
2011	Bhabanipur (by-election)	73,635	77.46	Nandini Mukherjee		CPI (M)	19,422	20.43	Won	54,213	57.03

See also

• Ma Mati Manush
• Ambikesh Mahapatra

Further reading

Books

• Paul, Shutapa (2018). Didi: The Untold Mamata Banerjee. Penguin Random House India. ISBN 978-93-5305-360-4.
• Gupta, Monobina (2012). Didi. Harper Collins. ISBN 978-93-5116-044-1.
• Nielsen, Kenneth Bo (2016). "5. Mamata Banerjee. Redefining Female Leadership". In Ruud, Arild Engelsen; Heierstad, Geir (eds.). India's Democracies (PDF). Scandinavian University Press (Universitetsforlaget). pp. 101–130. ISBN 978-82-15-02689-3.
• Mitra, Dola (2014). Decoding Didi: Making Sense of Mamata Banerjee. Rupa. ISBN 978-81-291-3267-3.

Journals

• Kariwal, Yash (January–March 2019). "Role of Print Media in the Construction of a Political Image of Mamata Banerjee: A Content Analysis of News Coverage in The Telegraph Newspaper" (PDF). International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews. 6 (1). eISSN 2348-1269. ISSN 2349-5138.

External links

• Mamata Banerjee on Twitter
• Official website (Chief Minister's office)
• Official page on Trinamool Congress Party's website
• Profile at BBC News