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{{Short description|Metropolis in Punjab, India}}
{{Short description|Metropolis in Punjab, India}}
{{About|the municipality in Punjab |its namesake district|Jalandhar district}}
{{About|the municipality in Punjab |its namesake district|Jalandhar district}}
{{more citations needed|date=October 2019}}
 
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
| name                           = Jalandhar
| name                     = Jalandhar
| other_name                     = Jullundur
| other_name               = jullundar
| image_alt                       = Jalandhar City
| image_alt               = Jalandhar City
| image_skyline                  = Devi Talab Mandir.jpg
| image_skyline           = {{multiple image
| image_caption                   = Devi Talab Mandir of Jalandhar
| border                   = infobox
| map_alt                         =  
| total_width              = 260
| map_caption                     =  
| image_style              =
| pushpin_map                     = India Punjab#India
| perrow                  = 1/2/2/2
| pushpin_label_position         = right
| image1  = Devi Talab Mandir.jpg
| pushpin_map_alt                 =  
| image2  = Gurudwara sri guru singh sabha, jalandhar.jpg
| pushpin_map_caption             =  
| image3 = PAVILION-1.jpg
| coordinates                     = {{coord|31.2569|N|75.4432|E|display=inline,title}}
| image4 = St. Mary's Cathedral, Jalandhar 2.jpg
| subdivision_type               = Country
| image5 = Dham3.jpg
| subdivision_name               = India
| image6 = 29 Mar 2008 Go Karting Jalandhar Cantt by gopal1035 017.jpg
| subdivision_type1               = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| image7 = Gandhi stadium.jpg
| subdivision_type2               = [[List of districts of India|District]]
}}
| subdivision_name1               = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| image_caption           = <div style="background:#fee8ab;">'''''Clockwise from top:'''''<br />[[Devi Talab Mandir]], Gurdwara Sri Singh Sahba,  [[St. Mary's Cathedral, Jalandhar]], Guru Ravidass Dham in [[Bootan Mandi]], [[Guru Gobind Singh Stadium]], [[Jalandhar Cantonment]], [[Gandhi Stadium]].</div>
| subdivision_name2               = [[Jalandhar District|Jalandhar]]
| map_alt                 =  
| established_title               =  
| map_caption             =  
| established_date               = 100 AD
| pushpin_map             = India Punjab#India
| founder                         =  
| pushpin_label_position   = right
| named_for                       = In Water
| pushpin_map_alt         =  
| government_type                 =  
| pushpin_map_caption     =  
| governing_body                 =  
| coordinates             = {{coord|31.2569|N|75.4432|E|display=inline,title}}
| leader_title                   = Divisional Commissioner
| subdivision_type         = Country
| leader_name                     = Sh Raj Kamal Chaudhuri, IAS<ref>http://commissionerjalandhar.gov.in/jdlc.aspx</ref>
| subdivision_name         = {{flag|India}}
| leader_title2                   = Deputy Commissioner
| subdivision_type1       = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| leader_name2                   = Sh Ghanshyam Thori, IAS<ref>https://jalandhar.nic.in/list-of-deputy-commissioner/</ref>
| subdivision_type2       = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| leader_title3                   = [[Member of Parliament]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| leader_name3                   = [[Santokh Singh Chaudhary]], [[Congress]]
| subdivision_name2       = [[Jalandhar District|Jalandhar]]
| leader_title4                   = Mayor
| established_title       =  
| leader_name4                   = Sh. Jagdish Raja<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mcjalandhar.in/mayor-message.html/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=2014-10-08 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141014151317/http://www.mcjalandhar.in/mayor-message.html |archive-date=14 October 2014 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
| established_date         = 100 AD
| unit_pref                       = Metric
| founder                 =  
| area_footnotes                 = <ref>{{cite web|title=Cities in Punjab|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/features/people%E2%80%99s-patience-being-tested-in-punjab-civic-polls-510902}}</ref>
| named_for               = In Water
| area_total_km2                 = 110
| government_type         = Democratic
| area_rank                       =  
| governing_body           = Political
| elevation_footnotes             =  
| leader_title             = Divisional Commissioner
| elevation_m                     = 228
| leader_name             = Veerendra Kumar Meena, IAS<ref>{{cite web|url=http://commissionerjalandhar.gov.in/jdlc.aspx|title=Welcome to Official Website of Jalandhar Divisional Commissioner, Punjab|website=commissionerjalandhar.gov.in}}</ref>
| population_total               = 862,196
| leader_title2           = Deputy Commissioner
| population_as_of               = 2011
| leader_name2             = Ms. Deepshikha Sharma, IAS<ref>{{cite web|url=https://jalandhar.nic.in/list-of-deputy-commissioner/|title = List of Deputy Commissioner &#124; Jalandhar Web Portal &#124; India}}</ref>
| population_footnotes           =  
| leader_title3           = [[Member of Parliament]]
| population_density_km2         =  
| leader_name3             = [[Sushil Kumar Rinku]], [[Aam Aadmi Party|Aap]]
| population_rank                 =  
| leader_title4           = Mayor
| population_demonym             = Jalandhariye
| leader_name4             = Jagdish Raja<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mcjalandhar.in/mayor-message.html/ |title=Municipal Corporation Jalandhar |access-date=2014-10-08 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141014151317/http://www.mcjalandhar.in/mayor-message.html |archive-date=14 October 2014 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
| timezone1                       = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| unit_pref               = Imperial
| utc_offset1                     = +5:30
| area_footnotes           = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/features/peoples-patience-being-tested-in-punjab-civic-polls-510902|title=People's patience being tested in Punjab civic polls|first=Tribune News|last=Service|website=Tribuneindia News Service}}</ref>
| postal_code_type               = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| area_total_km2           = 2632
| postal_code                     = 144 001
| area_rank               = [[List of cities in Punjab and Chandigarh|3rd in Punjab]]
| area_code                       = 0181
| elevation_footnotes     =  
| registration_plate             = PB08,PB90,PB37           
| elevation_m             = 228
     PB67,PB33
| population_total         = 1,096,556
| footnotes                       =  
| population_as_of         = 2022<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.macrotrends.net/cities/21281/jalandhar/population|title = Jalandhar, India Metro Area Population 1950-2022}}</ref>
| type                           = City
| population_footnotes     =  
| blank1_name_sec1               = Literacy
| population_density_km2   = 847
| blank1_info_sec1               = 82.3%
| population_rank         =  
| website                         = {{URL|http://jalandhar.nic.in}}
| population_demonym       = Jalandhariye
| official_name                   =  
| timezone1               = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1             = +5:30
| postal_code_type         = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code             = 144 001
| area_code               = 0181
| registration_plate       = PB08, PB90, PB37           
     PB67, PB33
| footnotes               =  
| type                     = [[Metropolis]]
| blank1_name_sec1         = Literacy
| blank1_info_sec1         = 75.3%
| blank2_name_sec1        = Nearest city
| blank2_info_sec1        = [[Kapurthala]]
| blank3_name_sec2        = sex ratio
| blank3_info_sec2        = 922 females per 1000 male
| blank4_name_sec1        = HDI
| blank4_info_sec1        = {{decrease}} 0.451 {{color|#FF0000|Low}}
| blank4_name_sec2        = Language
| blank4_info_sec2        = Punjabi
                               
| website                 = {{URL|https://jalandhar.nic.in}}
| official_name           =
| imagesize                =  
}}
}}


'''Jalandhar''' (erstwhile '''Jullundur''') is a city in the [[India]]n state of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]. Jalandhar lies alongside the [[Grand Trunk Road]] and is a well-connected rail and road junction. Jalandhar is 146&nbsp;km<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Jalandhar,+Punjab,+India/Chandigarh,+India/data=!4m8!4m7!1m2!1m1!1s0x391a5a5747a9eb91:0xc74b34c05aa5b4b8!1m2!1m1!1s0x390fed0be66ec96b:0xa5ff67f9527319fe!3e0?sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj2wdz92qznAhVUzTgGHfIeA-QQox0wAHoECAsQEQ|title=Jalandhar to Chandigarh|website=Jalandhar to Chandigarh|language=en|access-date=2020-01-31}}</ref> northwest of [[Chandigarh]], the state capital of [[Punjab]] and [[Haryana]] and 82.5&nbsp;km (51.2&nbsp;mi) South-East of [[Amritsar]]. ''Jullundur'' was the common [[English language|English]] spelling during [[Company rule in India]] and the [[British Raj]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?volume=14&objectid=DS405.1.I34_V14_237.gif|title=Imperial Gazetteer2 of India, Volume 14, page 231 -- Imperial Gazetteer of India -- Digital South Asia Library|website=dsal.uchicago.edu|access-date=2019-08-14}}</ref>
'''Jalandhar''' is a city in the state of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] in India. With a considerable population, it ranks as the [[List of cities in Punjab and Chandigarh by population|third most-populous city]] in the state and is the largest city in the [[Doaba]] region. Jalandhar lies alongside the historical [[Grand Trunk Road]] and is a well-connected junction for both rail and road networks.
 
The city is located {{cvt|148|km}} northwest of the state capital [[Chandigarh]], {{cvt|83.5|km}} southeast of the city of [[Amritsar]], and {{cvt|61.3|km}} north of [[Ludhiana]]. The national capital, [[Delhi]], is approximately {{cvt|381|km}}.
 
The [[National Highway 1 (India)|National Highway 1]] (NH1), crosses Jalandhar, further enhancing its connectivity.


==History==
==History==
[[File:Mughal Kos Minar.jpg|thumb|300px|left|[[Kos Minar]] along [[Grand Trunk Road]] in Dakhini near Jalandhar, from [[Sher Shah Suri]] period]]
[[File:Mughal Kos Minar.jpg|thumb|left|[[Kos Minar]] along [[Grand Trunk Road]] in Dakhini near Jalandhar, from [[Sher Shah Suri]] period]]
The history of Jalandhar District comprises three periods — ancient, medieval and modern.
The history of Jalandhar District comprises three periods — ancient, medieval and modern.


The city may be named after [[Jalandhara]], a demon king, who is named in the [[Puranas]] and [[Mahabharata]]. The city was founded by Devasya Verma as mentioned in [[Vedas]]. Other possibilities include that it was the capital of the kingdom of [[Lava (Ramayana)|Lava]], son of [[Rama]] or that the name derives from the vernacular term ''Jalandhar'', meaning area inside the water, i.e., tract lying between the two rivers Satluj and Beas.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jalandhar.nic.in/origin.aspx|title=Welcome to Official Website of Jalandhar District, Punjab|access-date=8 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150709023102/http://jalandhar.nic.in/origin.aspx|archive-date=9 July 2015|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The whole of Punjab and the area of present Jalandhar District was part of the Indus Valley Civilization. [[Harappa]] and [[Mohenjo-daro]] are the sites where remains of the [[Indus Valley Civilization]] have been found extensively. The archaeological explorations made during recent years have pushed the ancient times of Jalandhar District of Harappa period.
=== Ancient ===
The city may be named after [[Jalandhara]], a [[Nath]] Guru who was from here. {{Citation needed|reason=Speculative|date=January 2022}}. The city was founded by Devasya Verma as mentioned in the [[Vedas]]. Other possibilities include that it was the capital of the kingdom of [[Lava (Ramayana)|Lava]], son of [[Rama]] or that the name derives from the vernacular term ''Jalandhar'', meaning area inside the water, i.e., tract lying between the two rivers [[Sutlej|Satluj]] and [[Beas City|Beas]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jalandhar.nic.in/origin.aspx|title=Welcome to Official Website of Jalandhar District, Punjab|access-date=8 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150709023102/http://jalandhar.nic.in/origin.aspx|archive-date=9 July 2015|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The whole of Punjab and the area of present Jalandhar District was part of the [[Indus Valley Civilisation|Indus Valley Civilization]]. [[Harappa]] and [[Mohenjo-daro]] are the sites where remains of the [[Indus Valley civilization]] have been found extensively. The archaeological explorations made during recent years have pushed the ancient times of Jalandhar District of the [[Harappa]] period. Jalandhar was known as [[Prasthala]] during the [[Vedic period]] and it was the capital of the [[Trigarta Kingdom]].<ref>Dinesh Prasad Saklani, Ancient Communities of the Himalaya, p.45</ref>
 
=== Medieval ===
Jalandhar and the [[Doaba]] may have been conquered around 1070 by the [[Ghaznavids]] during the reign of [[Ibrahim of Ghazni]].<ref>John Hutchison, Jean Philippe Vogel, History of the Panjab Hill States, Asian Educational Services, 1994 - Punjab Hill States (India), p.122</ref> It later formed part of the province of [[Lahore]] during the [[Delhi Sultanate]] and [[Mughal Empire]]. The 18th century saw upheaval in Jalandhar amidst an anarchy caused by the disintegration of the Mughals and power struggles involving [[Nader Shah's invasion of the Mughal Empire|Persians]], [[Durrani Empire|Afghans]] and [[Sikhs]]. It was captured by the [[Singhpuria Misl|Faizullahpuria Misl]] in 1766, and in 1811 [[Maharaja Ranjit Singh]] incorporated it within the [[Sikh Empire]].<ref>Parminder Singh Grover Moga, Davinderjit Singh, Discover Punjab: Attractions of Punjab, Parminder Singh Grover, 20 May 2011</ref>


Jalandhar was conquered by the [[Ghaznavids]] during the reign of [[Ibrahim of Ghazni]] between 1058 and 1089.<ref>John Hutchison, Jean Philippe Vogel, History of the Panjab Hill States, Asian Educational Services, 1994 - Punjab Hill States (India), p.122</ref> It later formed part of the province of [[Lahore]] during the [[Delhi Sultanate]] and [[Mughal Empire]]. The 18th century saw upheaval in Jalandhar amidst an anarchy caused by the disintegration of the Mughals and power struggles involving [[Nader Shah's invasion of the Mughal Empire|Persians]], [[Durrani Empire|Afghans]] and [[Sikhs]]. It was captured by the [[Singhpuria Misl|Faizullahpuria Misl]] in 1766, and in 1811 [[Ranjit Singh]] incorporated it within the [[Sikh Empire]].<ref>Parminder Singh Grover Moga, Davinderjit Singh, Discover Punjab: Attractions of Punjab, Parminder Singh Grover, 20 May 2011</ref>
In 1849, following the annexation of the Punjab by the [[East India Company]], the city of Jalandhar, written in English as Jullundur by company officials, became the headquarters of the division and [[Jalandhar district|District]] of the same name. In 1858, company rule in India ended and the city became part of the [[British Raj]]. In the mid to late 19th century, the Punjab administration regarded Jullundur as too densely populated and farmed to capacity. This led to the district being a chief recruitment area for settlers to colonise the newly irrigated [[Punjab Canal Colonies]], in western Punjab.<ref>Tom G. Kessinger, University of California, Berkeley. Center for South and Southeast Asia Studies, Vilyatpur, 1848-1968: Social and Economic Change in a North Indian Village, University of California Press, 1 Jan 1974, p.16</ref>


In 1849, following the annexation of the Punjab by the [[East India Company]], the city of Jalandhar, written in English as Jullundur by Company officials, became the headquarters of the Division and [[Jalandhar district|District]] of the same name. In 1858 Company rule in India ended and the city became part of the British Raj. In the mid to late 19th century, the Punjab administration regarded Jullundur as too densely populated and farmed to capacity. This led to the district being a chief recruitment area for settlers to colonise the newly irrigated [[Punjab Canal Colonies]] in western Punjab.<ref>Tom G. Kessinger, University of California, Berkeley. Center for South and Southeast Asia Studies, Vilyatpur, 1848-1968: Social and Economic Change in a North Indian Village, University of California Press, 1 Jan 1974, p.16</ref>
=== Modern ===
The [[Khilafat Movement]] started in the district in the early 1920s to bring pressure on the government to change their policy towards [[Turkey]]. [[Mahatma Gandhi]] extended sympathy and support to this movement, however in response, the District was declared a 'Proclaimed Area' under the [[Seditious Meetings Act 1819|Seditious Meetings Act]]. In 1924, Pakistani general and military dictator [[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq]] was born in the city.


The [[Khilafat Movement]] started in the district in early 1920 to bring pressure on the government to change their policy towards [[Turkey]]. [[Mahatma Gandhi]] extended sympathy and support to this movement however in response the District was declared a 'Proclaimed Area' under the Seditious Meetings Act. In 1924, Pakistani general and military dictator [[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq]] was born in the city.
Prior to the [[partition of India]], Muslims were in plurality in Jalandhar. According to the 1941 census, [[Muslims]] made up 45.2% of the population, compared to [[Hindus]] and [[Sikhs]] being 27.6% and 26.5% respectively.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=https://www.punjabpartition.com/single-post/2018/11/18/1941-Punjab-Census-and-its-Interpretation|title=1941 Punjab Census and its Interpretation|date=18 November 2018}}</ref> Within a period of 10 years, from 1941 to 1951, the [[Muslims|Muslim]] population in Jalandhar reduced from 45.2% to 0.2%.<ref name=":0" />


The [[Partition of India]] in 1947 saw Jalandhar become part of the new dominion of [[India]]. The resulting rioting and violence caused by Partition led to major demographic change in the district, with the exodus of the large Muslim population and the arrival of Hindus and Sikhs from newly created [[Pakistan]].
== Geography ==
=== Climate ===
The city has a [[humid subtropical climate]] with cool winters and long, hot summers. Summers last from April to June and winters from November to February. Temperatures in the summer vary from average highs of around {{convert|48|C}} to average lows of around {{convert|25|C}}. Winter temperatures have highs of {{convert|19|C}} to lows of {{convert|-7|C}}. The climate is dry on the whole, except during the brief southwest monsoon season during July and August. The average annual rainfall is about 70&nbsp;cm. In 2018, Jalandhar witnessed unusually heavy rainfall, with an over 20% increase from average rainfall levels.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/punjab/jalandhar/news/heavy-rainfall-in-punjab-monsoon-news-5918894.html|title=Heavy Rainfall|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180725153326/https://www.bhaskar.com/punjab/jalandhar/news/heavy-rainfall-in-punjab-monsoon-news-5918894.html|archive-date=25 July 2018|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Since it is located in the northern plains, the area feels quite cold during winters and very hot during summers.


==Climate==
=== Rainfall ===
The city has a [[humid subtropical climate]] with cool winters and long, hot summers. Summers last from April to June and winters from November to February. Temperatures in the summer vary from average highs of around {{convert|48|C}} to average lows of around {{convert|25|C}}. Winter temperatures have highs of {{convert|19|C}} to lows of {{convert|-7|C}}. The climate is dry on the whole, except during the brief southwest monsoon season during July and August. The average annual rainfall is about 70&nbsp;cm. In 2018, Jalandhar witnessed Heavy rainfall, with over 20% increase from average rainfall.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/punjab/jalandhar/news/heavy-rainfall-in-punjab-monsoon-news-5918894.html|title=Heavy Rainfall|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180725153326/https://www.bhaskar.com/punjab/jalandhar/news/heavy-rainfall-in-punjab-monsoon-news-5918894.html|archive-date=25 July 2018|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Since it is in the northern plains, it feels really cold during winters and very hot during summers.
The city receives an average annual rainfall of approximately 70&nbsp;cm. However, fluctuations are not uncommon, as observed in 2018 when Jalandhar experienced a significant increase in precipitation. The city registered over a 20% increase from its average rainfall that year, which marked it as a year of heavy rainfall.


{{Weather box|location= Jalandhar
Despite the variations in climate across seasons, one thing remains constant: the extremity of temperatures, with winters feeling notably cold, and summers, feelings markedly hot due to Jalandhar's location in the northern plains.{{Weather box|location= Jalandhar
|metric first= yes
|metric first= yes
|single line= yes
|single line= yes
Line 122: Line 155:
|Nov precipitation mm= 6
|Nov precipitation mm= 6
|Dec precipitation mm= 15
|Dec precipitation mm= 15
|source = <ref>http://www.weather.com/weather/monthly/INXX0060?from=dayDetails_bottomnav_business| title = Average Weather for Jalandhar — Temperature and Precipitation | accessdate = 4 November 2012|publisher = The Weather Channel</ref>|date=August 2012}}
|source = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.weather.com/weather/monthly/INXX0060?from=dayDetails_bottomnav_business| title = Average Weather for Jalandhar — Temperature and Precipitation | access-date = 4 November 2012|publisher = The Weather Channel}}</ref>|date=August 2012}}


==Demographics==
==Demographics==
Line 128: Line 161:


===Population===
===Population===
 
As per the provisional data of the 2011 census, Jalandhar had a population of 873,725, of which 463,975 were male, and 409,750 female.
As per provisional data of 2011 census Jalandhar had a population of 873,725, of which 463,975 were male and 409,750 female.


===Literacy===
===Literacy===
The literacy rate was 86.22 per cent.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/8-jalandhar.html | title=Jalandhar City Population Census 2011-2019 &#124; Punjab | access-date=24 March 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161228010302/http://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/8-jalandhar.html | archive-date=28 December 2016 | url-status=live | df=dmy-all }}</ref> For males and females respectively the literacy rate was 88.82% and 83.30%
The literacy rate is 86.22%.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/8-jalandhar.html | title=Jalandhar City Population Census 2011-2019 &#124; Punjab | access-date=24 March 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161228010302/http://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/8-jalandhar.html | archive-date=28 December 2016 | url-status=live | df=dmy-all }}</ref> For males and females respectively, the literacy rate is 88.82% and 83.30%


===Religion===
===Religion===
{{bar box|width = 300px
{{bar box|width = 250px
  |barwidth = 250px |cellpadding="0"
  |barwidth = 200px |cellpadding="0"
  |title=Religion in Jalandhar city<!--NOT TO BE CONFUSED WITH "RELIGION IN JALANDHAR DISTRICT"--><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/8-jalandhar.html|title=Jalandhar City Population Census 2011|publisher=Census2011|access-date=24 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161228010302/http://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/8-jalandhar.html|archive-date=28 December 2016|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
  |title=Religion in Jalandhar city<!--NOT TO BE CONFUSED WITH "RELIGION IN JALANDHAR DISTRICT"--><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/8-jalandhar.html|title=Jalandhar City Population Census 2011|publisher=Census2011|access-date=24 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161228010302/http://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/8-jalandhar.html|archive-date=28 December 2016|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|titlebar=#Fcd116
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<!--PLEASE DON'T INSERT THE RELIGION FIGURES OF JALANDHAR DISTRICT HERE. THIS ARTICLE IS ON JALANDHAR CITY AND NOT JALANDHAR DISTRICT AND THE RELIGION FIGURES MUST ALSO BE FOR JALANDHAR CITY  -->
<!--PLEASE DON'T INSERT THE RELIGION FIGURES OF JALANDHAR DISTRICT HERE. THIS ARTICLE IS ON JALANDHAR CITY AND NOT JALANDHAR DISTRICT AND THE RELIGION FIGURES MUST ALSO BE FOR JALANDHAR CITY  -->
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|DarkOrange|74.90}}
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|DarkOrange|74.90}}
{{bar percent|[[Sikhism]]|yellow|21.39}}
{{bar percent|[[Sikhism]]|darkkhaki|21.39}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|#009000|1.47}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|#009000|1.47}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity]]|red|1.02}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity]]|red|1.02}}
{{bar percent|Others|lightgrey|1.22}}}}
{{bar percent|Others|lightgrey|1.22}}}}
As per the census of 2011, [[Hinduism]] and [[Sikhism]] are the religions of the vast majority of people in Jalandhar.
As per the census of 2011, [[Hinduism]] is the predominant religion in Jalandhar city, with adherents of [[Sikhism]] being a significant minority.
 
{| class="wikitable collapsible sortable"
Prior to the [[partition of India|partition of India and Pakistan]] in 1947, Jalandhar had a large population of Muslims. According to 1941 census of Punjab, Muslims made up 45.2% of the population, compared to Hindus and Sikhs being 27.6% and 26.5% respectively.<ref name=":0">[https://www.punjabpartition.com/single-post/2018/11/18/1941-Punjab-Census-and-its-Interpretation]</ref> Within a period of 10 years, from 1941 to 1951, Muslim population in Jalandhar reduced from 45.2% to 0.2%.<ref name=":0" />
|+ Religious groups in Jalandhar City (1891−2011){{efn|1891-1941: Data for the entirety of the town of Jalandhar, which included Jalandhar Municipality and Jalandhar Cantonment.<ref name="Census1941"/>{{rp|32}}|name="JalandharCity1891to1941"}}
! rowspan="2" |[[Religion in India|Religious]]<br/>group
! colspan="2" |1891<ref name="Census1891">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/site/SAOA/SouthAsiaOpenArchivesSAOA/CensusReports-1891-26575632/|title=CENSUS OF INDIA, 1891 GENERAL TABLES BRITISH PROVINCES AND FEUDATORY STATES VOL I|access-date=17 January 2023}}</ref>{{rp|68}}
! colspan="2" |1901<ref name="Census1901">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/site/SAOA/SouthAsiaOpenArchivesSAOA/CensusReports-1901-26575826/|title=CENSUS OF INDIA, 1901 VOLUME I-A INDIA PART II-TABLES|access-date=17 January 2023}}</ref>{{rp|44}}
! colspan="2" |1911<ref name="Census1911">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/site/SAOA/SouthAsiaOpenArchivesSAOA/CensusReports-1911-26575903/|title=CENSUS OF INDIA, 1911 VOLUME XIV PUNJAB PART II TABLES|access-date=17 January 2023}}</ref>{{rp|20}}
! colspan="2" |1921<ref name="Census1921">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/site/SAOA/SouthAsiaOpenArchivesSAOA/CensusReports-1921-26575918/|title=CENSUS OF INDIA, 1921 VOLUME XV PUNJAB AND DELHI PART II TABLES|access-date=17 January 2023}}</ref>{{rp|23}}
! colspan="2" |1931<ref name="Census1931">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/site/SAOA/SouthAsiaOpenArchivesSAOA/CensusReports-1931-26575928/|title=CENSUS OF INDIA, 1931 VOLUME XVII PUNJAB PART II TABLES|access-date=17 January 2023}}</ref>{{rp|26}}
! colspan="2" |1941<ref name="Census1941">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/site/south-asia-open-archives/saoa/censusofindia1941-28216851/|title=CENSUS OF INDIA, 1941 VOLUME VI PUNJAB|access-date=17 January 2023}}</ref>{{rp|32}}
! colspan="2" |2011
|-
![[Population|{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}]]
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
| [[Islam]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]]
| 38,994
| {{Percentage | 38994 | 66202 | 2 }}
| 40,081
| {{Percentage | 40081 | 67735 | 2 }}
| 40,903
| {{Percentage | 40903 | 69818 | 2 }}
| 42,261
| {{Percentage | 42261 | 71008 | 2 }}
| 52,577
| {{Percentage | 52577 | 89030 | 2 }}
| 80,242
| {{Percentage | 80242 | 135283 | 2 }}
| 12,744
| {{Percentage | 12744 | 868929 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|15px]]
| 23,085
| {{Percentage | 23085 | 66202 | 2 }}
| 24,715
| {{Percentage | 24715 | 67735 | 2 }}
| 23,383
| {{Percentage | 23383 | 69818 | 2 }}
| 24,253
| {{Percentage | 24253 | 71008 | 2 }}
| 30,833{{efn|name=ad-dharmi|1931-1941: Including [[Ad-Dharmi]]s}}
| {{Percentage | 30833 | 89030 | 2 }}
| 48,375{{efn|name=ad-dharmi}}
| {{Percentage | 48375 | 135283 | 2 }}
| 650,863
| {{Percentage | 650863 | 868929 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Sikhism]] [[File:Khanda.svg|15px]]
| 2,274
| {{Percentage | 2274 | 66202 | 2 }}
| 901
| {{Percentage | 901 | 67735 | 2 }}
| 3,636
| {{Percentage | 3636 | 69818 | 2 }}
| 2,686
| {{Percentage | 2686 | 71008 | 2 }}
| 3,003
| {{Percentage | 3003 | 89030 | 2 }}
| 4,676
| {{Percentage | 4676 | 135283 | 2 }}
| 185,869
| {{Percentage | 185869 | 868929 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Christianity]] [[File:Christian cross.svg|15px]]
| 1,569
| {{Percentage | 1569 | 66202 | 2 }}
| 1,543
| {{Percentage | 1543 | 67735 | 2 }}
| 1,440
| {{Percentage | 1440 | 69818 | 2 }}
| 1,322
| {{Percentage | 1322 | 71008 | 2 }}
| 1,533
| {{Percentage | 1533 | 89030 | 2 }}
| 977
| {{Percentage | 977 | 135283 | 2 }}
| 8,889
| {{Percentage | 8889 | 868929 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Jainism]] [[File:Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg|15px]]
| 347
| {{Percentage | 347 | 66202 | 2 }}
| 471
| {{Percentage | 471 | 67735 | 2 }}
| 438
| {{Percentage | 438 | 69818 | 2 }}
| 477
| {{Percentage | 477 | 71008 | 2 }}
| 1,014
| {{Percentage | 1014 | 89030 | 2 }}
| 768
| {{Percentage | 768 | 135283 | 2 }}
| 3,203
| {{Percentage | 3203 | 868929 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Zoroastrianism]] [[File:Faravahar.svg|15px]]
| 3
| {{Percentage | 3 | 66202 | 2 }}
| 22
| {{Percentage | 22 | 67735 | 2 }}
| 18
| {{Percentage | 18 | 69818 | 2 }}
| 9
| {{Percentage | 9 | 71008 | 2 }}
| 70
| {{Percentage | 70 | 89030 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
| [[Buddhism]] [[File:Dharma_Wheel_(2).svg|15px]]
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 66202 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 67735 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 69818 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 71008 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 89030 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 1,407
| {{Percentage | 1407 | 868929 | 2 }}
|-
| Others
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 66202 | 2 }}
| 2
| {{Percentage | 2 | 67735 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 69818 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 71008 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 89030 | 2 }}
| 245
| {{Percentage | 245 | 135283 | 2 }}
| 5,954
| {{Percentage | 5954 | 868929 | 2 }}
|-
! Total population
! 66,202
! {{Percentage | 66202 | 66202 | 2 }}
! 67,735
! {{Percentage | 67735 | 67735 | 2 }}
! 69,818
! {{Percentage | 69818 | 69818 | 2 }}
! 71,008
! {{Percentage | 71008 | 71008 | 2 }}
! 89,030
! {{Percentage | 89030 | 89030 | 2 }}
! 135,283
! {{Percentage | 135283 | 135283 | 2 }}
! 868,929
! {{Percentage | 868929 | 868929 | 2 }}
|}


==Economy==
==Economy==
Jalandhar has been selected in the second phase of the smart city project and 200 crores have been allocated to the municipal corporation for initializing the project.
Jalandhar is notable for its sports goods industry. With an employment of 60,000 to 70,000 people, it is estimated to be {{INR}}1,700 [[crore]] industry, with {{INR}}400 crore export and {{INR}}1,300 crore domestic supply.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Agnihotri Chaba |first=Anju |date=2020-05-22 |title=Jalandhar's Rs 1,700-crore sports goods industry bleeds |language=en |work=The Indian Express |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/jalandhars-rs-1700-crore-sports-goods-industry-bleeds-6422169/ |access-date=2023-05-23}}</ref> In 2022, the Sports Goods Manufacturers and Exporters Association in Jalandhar, with collaboration from local self-help groups, started an initiative to train 1,500 women in stitching soccer balls, ensuring financial development and welfare in the district.<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 October 2022 |title=Jalandhar {{!}} Sports industry to teach women to stitch footballs |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/jalandhar-sports-industry-to-teach-women-to-stitch-footballs-101665258437832.html |access-date=2023-05-23 |work=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>


Jalandhar exports goods like furniture, glass to neighboring cities and is a global hub for the manufacture of sporting equipment. Jalandhar is famous for its sports industry and equipment manufactured in Jalandhar has been used in many international sporting games including Olympics, Commonwealth Games, Asian Games, among others. It is also a hub for manufacturing of hand tools.
Another significant contributor to Jalandhar's economy is its leather industry, having a turn over of {{INR}}1,200 to {{INR}}1,500 crore, and {{INR}}400 crore export.<ref>{{Cite news |date=May 22, 2020  |title=Lockdown Effect: Something Is Rotten in Jalandhar's Rs 1,500-Crore Leather Industry |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/business/jalandhar-leather-industry-in-distress-88339 |work=The Tribune |access-date=23 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Arora |first=Kusum |date=15 June 2020 |title=Lockdown Effect: Something Is Rotten in Jalandhar's Rs 1,500-Crore Leather Industry |url=https://thewire.in/labour/lockdown-jalandhar-leather-industry-loss |work=The Wire |access-date=23 May 2023}}</ref>
Jalandhar is also famous for its leather industry, leather for footwear, leather goods, furniture being sold to export houses located at Delhi, Agra, Kanpur and other Indian cities. Together with hand tools it is a major production centre of Industrial tool bags being used by workmen in America & Europe.


Many new malls and shopping complexes are being established at a very rapid pace and as such is also a hub of the NRI's who among many of them belong to Jalandhar region.
=== Smart City Project ===
In the second phase of the [[Smart Cities Mission|Indian Government's Smart City Project]], Jalandhar has been selected to participate, marking a pivotal shift in the city's development.<ref>{{Cite news |date=Sep 12, 2022 |title=Open House: Do you see any changes around you that show Jalandhar is becoming a Smart City? |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/jalandhar/open-house-do-you-see-any-changes-around-you-that-show-jalandhar-is-becoming-a-smart-city-430882 |work=The Tribune |access-date=23 May 2023}}</ref>


==Transport==
==Transport==


===By air===
===By air===
The nearest airport is [[Adampur Airport]], northwest of Jalandhar which currently handles only scheduled operation on maiden flights of private carrier [[Spicejet]] to [[Delhi]], [[Mumbai]] and [[Jaipur]]. The nearest fully-fledged International Airport is [[Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport]] in [[Amritsar]]. It is second busiest airport in North India, and is connected to other parts of the country by regular flights. Several airlines operate flights from abroad, including London Stansted, Birmingham, Dubai, Singapore, Kuala Lumpur and Doha. The airport handles as many as 48 flights every week up from the occasional, intermittent ones some years ago.
The nearest airport is [[Adampur Airport]], northwest of Jalandhar, which currently only handles scheduled operation on maiden flights of the private carrier [[Spicejet]], to [[Delhi]], [[Mumbai]] and [[Jaipur]]. The nearest fully-fledged International Airport is [[Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport]], in [[Amritsar]]. It is the second busiest airport in North India, and is connected to other parts of the country by regular flights. Several airlines operate flights from abroad, including [[London Stansted Airport|London Stansted]], [[Birmingham]], [[Dubai]], [[Singapore]], [[Kuala Lumpur]], and [[Doha]]. The airport handles as many as 48 flights every week up from the occasional, intermittent ones some years ago.
[[File:Jalandhar Railway Station.jpeg|thumb]]
[[File:Jalandhar Railway Station.jpeg|thumb]]


===By rail===
===By rail===
[[File:Bus Stand of city12.jpg|thumb|Shaheed-e-Azam Sardar Bhagat Singh, Interstate Bus Stand, Jalandhar]]
Direct train service is available for other major cities like [[Mumbai]], [[Calcutta]], [[Chennai]], [[Patna]], [[Guwahati]], [[Pune]], [[Haridwar]], [[Varanasi]], [[Jaipur]], [[Jhansi]], [[Gwalior]], [[Bhopal]] and [[Jammu Tawi railway station|Jammu Tawi]]. Some prestigious trains that halt in [[Jalandhar City railway station]] include the Howrah Mail, [[Golden Temple Mail]] (Frontier Mail), New-Delhi [[Amritsar Shatabdi Express]], and the [[Paschim Express]]. Now, many trains of Jammu route are extended up to Mata Vaishno Devi-Katra.


Direct train service is available for other major cities like [[Mumbai]], [[Calcutta]], [[Chennai]], [[Patna]], [[Guwahati]], [[Pune]], [[Haridwar]], [[Varanasi]], [[Jaipur]] and [[Jammu Tawi railway station|Jammu Tawi]]. Some prestigious trains that halt in [[Jalandhar City railway station]] are Howrah Mail, [[Golden Temple Mail]] (Frontier Mail), New-Delhi [[Amritsar Shatabdi Express]], [[Paschim Express]]. Now many trains of Jammu route are extended up to Mata Vaishno Devi-Katra.
Jalandhar City Railway Station is well-connected to other parts of the country. Jalandhar City is a major stop between the Amritsar-Delhi rail link, which is serviced by [[Shatabdi Express]], [[Intercity Express (Indian Railways)|Intercity Express]], among others


Jalandhar City Railway Station is well-connected to other parts of the country, Jalandhar City is a major stop between the Amritsar-Delhi rail link which is serviced by Shatabdi Express, Intercity Express, and others
Direct Services to major cities such as [[Mumbai]], [[Calcutta]], [[Chennai]], [[Patna]], [[Guwahati]], [[Pune]], [[Haridwar]], [[Varanasi]], [[Jaipur]] and [[Jammu Tawi railway station|Jammu Tawi]] are available. There are prestigious services such as the [[Howrah railway station|Howrah Mail]], [[Golden Temple Mail]] (Frontier Mail), New-Delhi [[Amritsar Shatabdi Express]], [[Paschim Express]].


Direct Service to major cities such as [[Mumbai]], [[Calcutta]], [[Chennai]], [[Patna]], [[Guwahati]], [[Pune]], [[Haridwar]], [[Varanasi]], [[Jaipur]] and [[Jammu Tawi railway station|Jammu Tawi]] are available. There are prestigious services such as the Howrah Mail, [[Golden Temple Mail]] (Frontier Mail), New-Delhi [[Amritsar Shatabdi Express]], [[Paschim Express]].
===By road===


===By road===
There is one of the largest networks of [[bus]] services of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] at Shaheed-e-Azam, Sardar Bhagat Singh ISBT (Jalandhar), [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[Delhi]], [[Haryana]], [[PEPSU Road Transport Corporation|Pepsu]], [[Chandigarh]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu & Kashmir]], [[Uttarakhand|Uttrakhand]], [[Rajasthan]] State Roadways, apart from private operators.
There is one of the largest networks of bus services of Punjab at Shaheed-e-Azam Sardar Bhagat Singh ISBT (Jalandhar), Himachal Pradesh, Delhi, Haryana, Pepsu, Chandigarh, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Uttrakhand, Rajasthan State Roadways, apart from private operators.


==Religious places==
==Religious places==
* Devi talab mandir
* Gurudwara Dukh Niwaran Sahib
* Nakodar Baba Marad Shah Samadhi
* Guru Ravidass Dham
* [[Devi Talab Mandir|Devi talab mandir]]
* [[Dera Baba Murad Shah|Nakodar Darbar Baba Murad Shah Ji]]
* Cantonment Church
* Cantonment Church
* [[Dera Sachkhand Ballan|Dera Sachkand Ballan]]
* Gurudwara sahib ji
* Gurudwara sahib ji
* Gurdwara Guru Tegh Bahadur Nagar<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gurudwaragtbjal.org/|title=Gurudwara Nauvin Patshahi, Dukh Nivaran Sahib {{!}} ਗੁਰਦੁਆਰਾ ਨੌਵੀਂ ਪਾਤਸ਼ਾਹੀ, ਦੂਖ ਨਿਵਾਰਨ ਸਾਹਿਬ|website=www.gurudwaragtbjal.org|access-date=2019-10-25}}</ref>
* Gurdwara Guru Tegh Bahadur Nagar<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gurudwaragtbjal.org/|title=Gurudwara Nauvin Patshahi, Dukh Nivaran Sahib {{!}} ਗੁਰਦੁਆਰਾ ਨੌਵੀਂ ਪਾਤਸ਼ਾਹੀ, ਦੂਖ ਨਿਵਾਰਨ ਸਾਹਿਬ|website=www.gurudwaragtbjal.org|access-date=2019-10-25}}</ref>
* [[Geeta Mandir Jalandhar]]


==Leisure==
==Leisure==
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* Niku Park
* Niku Park
*Prithvi's Planet
*Prithvi's Planet
*Smmash
*Wonder Land<ref>{{cite web |url=http://wonderlandthemepark.com/ |title=Wonderland |publisher=Wonderlandthemepark |access-date=2012-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120427105321/http://wonderlandthemepark.com/ |archive-date=27 April 2012 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
*Wonder Land<ref>{{cite web |url=http://wonderlandthemepark.com/ |title=Wonderland |publisher=Wonderlandthemepark |access-date=2012-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120427105321/http://wonderlandthemepark.com/ |archive-date=27 April 2012 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref>


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[[File:PKD2.jpg|thumb|''Punjab Kesari'' header with the photos of its founders, [[Lala Jagat Narain]] and Romesh Chander.]]
[[File:PKD2.jpg|thumb|''Punjab Kesari'' header with the photos of its founders, [[Lala Jagat Narain]] and Romesh Chander.]]
[[File:Jag Bani, Jalandhar (Oct. 03, 2013).jpg|thumb|[[Jag Bani]]]]
[[File:Jag Bani, Jalandhar (Oct. 03, 2013).jpg|thumb|[[Jag Bani]]]]
[[Doordarshan Kendra, Jalandhar]] is an Indian television station in Jalandhar, owned and operated by state-owned [[Doordarshan]], the television network of [[Prasar Bharati]] (Broadcasting Corporation of India).<ref>{{cite web|title=DOORDARSHAN KENDRA, BHAGWAN MAHAVIR MARG, JALANDHAR CITY|url=http://www.ddpunjabi.in/contact us.html|access-date=24 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180429092945/http://ddpunjabi.in/contact/|archive-date=29 April 2018|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> It was established in 1979 and produces and broadcasts the 24-hour [[Punjabi language]] TV channel, [[DD Punjabi]], which was launched in 1998 and covers most of the state of [[Punjab, India]].
[[Doordarshan Kendra, Jalandhar]] is an Indian television station in Jalandhar, owned and operated by state-owned [[Doordarshan]], the television network of [[Prasar Bharati]] (Broadcasting Corporation of India).<ref>{{cite web|title=DOORDARSHAN KENDRA, BHAGWAN MAHAVIR MARG, JALANDHAR CITY|url=http://www.ddpunjabi.in/contactus.html|access-date=24 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180429092945/http://ddpunjabi.in/contact/|archive-date=29 April 2018|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> It was established in 1979 and produces and broadcasts the 24-hour [[Punjabi language]] TV channel, [[DD Punjabi]], which was launched in 1998 and covers most of the state of [[Punjab, India]].


The city is the region's headquarters for newspapers, national television and radio stations. These include ''[[Daily Ajit]], [[Jagbani]], [[Punjab Kesari]], [[Dainik Bhaskar]], [[Dainik Jagran]], [[Hindustan Times]], [[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]], [[Hind Samachar]]'', etc.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.punjabkesari.in/ |title=हिन्दी समाचार &#124; ताज़ा खबरें &#124; विश्व समाचार - Punjab Kesari |publisher=Punjabkesari.in |access-date=2012-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105215143/http://www.punjabkesari.in/ |archive-date=5 November 2012 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Punjab/Jalandhar/Jalandhar-LP-Lid.aspx |title=Jalandhar&nbsp;— Punjab&nbsp;— Page 1 |newspaper=Hindustan Times |access-date=2012-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121222235348/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Punjab/Jalandhar/Jalandhar-LP-Lid.aspx |archive-date=22 December 2012 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bhaskar.com/punjab/jalandhar/ |title=Jalandhar News, Jalandhar Hindi News, Jalandhar News Headlines, Daily News Paper, Local News |publisher=Bhaskar.com |access-date=2012-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104053637/http://www.bhaskar.com/punjab/jalandhar/ |archive-date=4 November 2012 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/ |title=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India |publisher=Tribuneindia.com |access-date=2012-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104190020/http://www.tribuneindia.com/ |archive-date=4 November 2012 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
The city is the region's headquarters for newspapers, national television and radio stations. These include ''[[Daily Ajit]], [[Jagbani]], [[Punjab Kesari]], [[Dainik Bhaskar]], [[Dainik Jagran]], [[Hindustan Times]], [[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]], [[Truescoop News]], [[Hind Samachar]]'', etc.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.punjabkesari.in/ |title=हिन्दी समाचार &#124; ताज़ा खबरें &#124; विश्व समाचार - Punjab Kesari |publisher=Punjabkesari.in |access-date=2012-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105215143/http://www.punjabkesari.in/ |archive-date=5 November 2012 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Punjab/Jalandhar/Jalandhar-LP-Lid.aspx |title=Jalandhar&nbsp;— Punjab&nbsp;— Page 1 |newspaper=Hindustan Times |access-date=2012-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121222235348/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Punjab/Jalandhar/Jalandhar-LP-Lid.aspx |archive-date=22 December 2012 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bhaskar.com/punjab/jalandhar/ |title=Jalandhar News, Jalandhar Hindi News, Jalandhar News Headlines, Daily News Paper, Local News |publisher=Bhaskar.com |access-date=2012-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104053637/http://www.bhaskar.com/punjab/jalandhar/ |archive-date=4 November 2012 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/ |title=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India |publisher=Tribuneindia.com |access-date=2012-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104190020/http://www.tribuneindia.com/ |archive-date=4 November 2012 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.truescoopnews.com/ |title=Truescoop News, Jalandhar, India |publisher=Truescoopnews.com |access-date=2022-02-10 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://news360broadcast.com/ |title=Latest Hindi News, Breaking News, हिन्दी समाचार, हिंदी न्यूज़ - News 360 Broadcast, Jalandhar, India |publisher=News360broadcast.com |access-date=2020-07-07 }}</ref>
http://bbcnews7.com


State-owned [[All India Radio]] has a local station in Jalandhar that transmits programs of mass interest. FM local radio stations include:
State-owned [[All India Radio]] has a local station in Jalandhar that transmits programs of mass interest. FM local radio stations include:
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* [[94.3 FM]]-My Fm- 94.3&nbsp;MHz
* [[94.3 FM]]-My Fm- 94.3&nbsp;MHz
* [[Radio Mirchi]] 98.3&nbsp;MHz
* [[Radio Mirchi]] 98.3&nbsp;MHz
*All India Radio 102.7&nbsp;MHz
*[[All India Radio]] 102.7&nbsp;MHz


==Healthcare==
==Healthcare==
There are excellent medical facilities in Jalandhar which include treatment centers and specialist hospitals. The Municipal Corporation of Jalandhar claims that the city has over 800 hospitals,
The Municipal Corporation of Jalandhar claims that the city has over 800 hospitals,
<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://tribuneindia.com/news/archive/business/over-800-hospitals-jalandhar-asia-s-biggest-medicare-hub-759845 | title=Jalandhar City Hospitals &#124; Asia | df=dmy-all }}</ref> that makes it the city with the highest number of hospitals in Asia. Three new Health Centres were setup in Jalandhar on 9 September 2020.<ref>https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/jalandhar/jalandhar-district-gets-three-new-health-centres-138546</ref>
<ref>{{cite web | url=http://tribuneindia.com/news/archive/business/over-800-hospitals-jalandhar-asia-s-biggest-medicare-hub-759845 | title=Jalandhar City Hospitals &#124; Asia | df=dmy-all }}</ref> making it the city with the highest number of hospitals per capita in Asia. Three new Health Centres were set up in Jalandhar on 9 September, 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/jalandhar/jalandhar-district-gets-three-new-health-centres-138546|title=Jalandhar District gets three new health centres|first=Tribune News|last=Service|website=Tribuneindia News Service}}</ref>


==Sports==
==Sports==
[[File:Dog Show at-crop.jpg|thumb|Dog Show held at [[Guru Gobind Singh Stadium]] ]]
===Cricket===
===Cricket===
[[Cricket]] is very popular in grounds and streets of the city. There is an international-standard stadium at Gandhi Stadium fomerly known as Burlton Park. The [[Indian cricket team]] played a Test Match against the [[Pakistan cricket team]] on this ground on 24 September 1983.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gandhi Stadium {{!}} India {{!}} Cricket Grounds {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/ground/58164.html|access-date=2021-05-26|website=Cricinfo}}</ref>
[[Cricket]] is very popular in the grounds and streets of Jalandhar. There is an international-standard stadium at [[Gandhi Stadium]], formerly known as Burlton Park. The [[Indian cricket team]] played a Test Match against the [[Pakistan cricket team]] on this ground on 24 September 1983.<ref>{{cite web|title=Gandhi Stadium {{!}} India {{!}} Cricket Grounds {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/ground/58164.html|access-date=2021-05-26|website=Cricinfo}}</ref>


===Kabaddi===
===Kabaddi===
Line 222: Line 423:


===Guru Gobind Singh Stadium===
===Guru Gobind Singh Stadium===
[[Guru Gobind Singh Stadium]] is a multi-purpose stadium in Jalandhar. It is usually used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of [[JCT Mills]] Football Club. People can be seen jogging, playing soccer, weight-lifting, etc. in the stadium most of the time. The Punjab government has started new projects at the stadium.
[[Guru Gobind Singh Stadium]] is a multi-purpose stadium in Jalandhar. It is usually used for football matches and served as the home stadium of [[JCT FC|JCT Mills FC]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.tribuneindia.com/2000/20000212/sports.htm|title=Mahindras trounce JCT 3–0|first=Amardeep|last=Bhattal|website=tribuneindia.com|publisher=The Tribune Online|agency=Tribune News Service|date=11 February 2000|access-date=31 October 2022|location=Ludhiana, Punjab|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221030055344/https://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20000212/sports.htm|archive-date=31 October 2022}}</ref> People can be seen jogging, playing soccer, weight-lifting, etc. in the stadium most of the time. The Punjab government has started new projects at the stadium.


===Surjit Hockey Stadium===
===Surjit Hockey Stadium===
Line 228: Line 429:


===Sports college===
===Sports college===
There is a Government [[Sports College]] in the city and it is a focus for many of the National Sports Councils. In this college, many sports are played like cricket, hockey, [[Swimming (sport)|swimming]], [[volleyball]] and [[basketball]]. ?
There is a Government [[Sports College]] in the city and it is a focus for many of the National Sports Councils. In this college, many sports are played like [[cricket]], [[field hockey|hockey]], [[Swimming (sport)|swimming]], [[volleyball]] and [[basketball]].


==Education==
==Education==
{{Main|List of institutions of higher education in Punjab}}
{{Main|List of institutions of higher education in Punjab}}
Higher education institutions include
Higher education institutions in Jalandhar include;


===Universities===
===Universities===
* [[Apeejay Institute of Management Technical Campus, Jalandhar (Punjab)]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.apeejay.edu/aimtc|title=Top MBA, MCA Colleges in North India, Punjab, Jalandhar - Apeejay Institute of Management Technical Campus|access-date=19 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160217171216/http://apeejay.edu/aimtc/|archive-date=17 February 2016|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
* [[DAV Institute of Engineering & Technology]]
* [[DAV Institute of Engineering & Technology]]
* [[DAV University]]
* [[DAV University]]
* [[Doaba College]]
* [[Doaba College]]
* [[GNA University]][[File:GNA University Campus.jpg|thumb|GNA University Campus]]
* [[GNA University]]
* [[Guru Nanak Dev University]]<ref>[http://www.gndurcjal.in]</ref> Regional Campus
* [[Guru Nanak Dev University]] [https://www.gndurcjal.in/ Regional Campus]
* [[Lovely Professional University]]
* [[Lovely Professional University]]
* [[Kanya Maha Vidyalaya]]
* [[Lyallpur Khalsa College for Women]]
* [[Lyallpur Khalsa College for Women]]
* [[Lyallpur Khalsa College]]
* [[Lyallpur Khalsa College]]
Line 254: Line 454:


===Schools===
===Schools===
* Apeejay School, Mahavir Marg<ref>[https://www.apeejay.edu/jalandhar/ Apeejay School]</ref>
 
* Apeejay School, Rama Mandi<ref>[https://www.apeejay.edu/hoshiarpur]</ref>
* [[Kendriya Vidyalaya No. 1, Jalandhar Cantonment]]
*Dayanand Model Sr Secondary School<ref>{{Cite web|title=WELCOME TO DAYANAND MODEL SR. SEC. SCHOOL|url=http://dmsdayanandnagar.org/|access-date=2021-05-26|website=dmsdayanandnagar.org}}</ref>
* [[St Joseph's Boys' School, Jalandhar]], Defence Colony
* St. Joseph’s Sr. Sec. Boys School,Defence Colony<ref>[https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Joseph's_Boys'_School,_Jalandhar]</ref>
{{Cleanup list|section|date=October 2021}}
* MGN Public School, Adarsh Nagar<ref>[https://www.mgnpsjal.com]</ref>
* [[Apeejay School, Mahavir Marg]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.apeejay.edu/jalandhar/|title=Apeejay School Jalandhar - Best CBSE Schools in Jalandhar|website=Apeejay School Jalandhar - Mahavir Marg Branch}}</ref>  
* SD Model School Jalandhar Cantt<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sdmodelschool.org/|title=SD MODEL SCHOOL {{!}} An English Medium Co-Educational Institution|language=en-US|access-date=2019-10-25}}</ref>
* [[Apeejay School, Rama Mandi]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.apeejay.edu/hoshiarpur|title = Welcome to Apeejay School Rama Mandi - Best School in Jalandhar}}
* Shiv Jyoti Public School<ref>[https://shivjyotipublicschool.com/]</ref>
</ref>
* [[British Olivia Sr. Sec. School, Jalandhar]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://britisholiviaschool.com/ |title=Best CBSE School in Jalandhar |publisher=British Olivia School |date= |accessdate=2022-10-01}}</ref>
* [[BSF School]] Jalandhar Cantt
* [[Cambridge Innovative School, Urban Estate Phase-II]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cisfgjal.school/|title=Home|website=Cambridge Innovative School, Jalandhar|accessdate=20 March 2023}}</ref>
*[[Delhi Public School, Jalandhar]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dpsjalandhar.com/|title=DPS, Jalandhar|website=Delhi Public School, Jalandhar}}</ref>  
*[[MGN Public School, Adarsh Nagar]]<ref>{{cite web | title=MGN Public School, Adarsh Nagar, Jalandhar | website=MGN Public School, Adarsh Nagar, Jalandhar | url=http://www.mgnpsjal.com | access-date=2021-11-26}}</ref>
* [[MGN Public School]], Urban Estate Phase-II<ref>{{cite web | title=Montgomery Guru Nanak Public School, Urban Estate Phase-II, Jalandhar | website=Montgomery Guru Nanak Public School, Urban Estate Phase-II, Jalandhar | url=http://www.mgnue2.com | access-date=2021-11-26}}</ref>
* [[SD Model School Jalandhar]] Cantt<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sdmodelschool.org/|title=SD MODEL SCHOOL {{!}} An English Medium Co-Educational Institution|language=en-US|access-date=2019-10-25}}</ref>
* [[Shiv Jyoti Public School]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://shivjyotipublicschool.com/|title=Home|website=Shiv Jyoti Public School}}</ref>
* [[Swami Sant Dass Public School]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.swamisantdass.com/|title=Swami Sant Dass Public School – Service to Humanity|website=www.swamisantdass.com|accessdate=20 March 2023}}</ref>


==Jalandhar Cantonment==
==Jalandhar Cantonment==
Line 267: Line 476:
==Notable people==
==Notable people==
{{unreferenced section|date=April 2014}}
{{unreferenced section|date=April 2014}}
[[File:Yash Chopra cropped.jpg|thumb|100px| [[Yash Chopra]] ]]
[[File:Diljit Dosanjh during Soorma promotion 05.jpg|thumb|100px| [[Diljit Dosanjh]] ]]
[[File:Inder Kumar Gujral 071.jpg|thumb|100px| [[I. K. Gujral]] ]]
[[File:Inder Kumar Gujral 071.jpg|thumb|100px| [[I. K. Gujral]] ]]
[[File:Karan Kundra at the launch of Zara Nachke Dikha.jpg|thumb|100px| [[Karan Kundra]] ]]
[[File:Sugandha mishra.jpg|thumb|100px| [[Sugandha Mishra]] ]]
[[File:Sugandha mishra.jpg|thumb|100px| [[Sugandha Mishra]] ]]
[[File:Amrish Puri.jpg|thumb|100px| [[Amrish Puri]] ]]
[[File:Amrish Puri.jpg|thumb|100px| [[Amrish Puri]] ]]
Line 280: Line 488:
! Name !! Occupation
! Name !! Occupation
|-
|-
| [[Yash Chopra]] || Producer/Director<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/jalandhar/king-khan-salutes-yash-chopra-s-alma-mater/article1-956296.aspx|title=Archived copy|access-date=4 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150707202001/http://www.hindustantimes.com/jalandhar/king-khan-salutes-yash-chopra-s-alma-mater/article1-956296.aspx|archive-date=7 July 2015|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
 
| [[Yash Chopra]] || Producer/Director<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/jalandhar/king-khan-salutes-yash-chopra-s-alma-mater/article1-956296.aspx|title=King Khan salutes Yash Chopra's alma mater|access-date=4 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150707202001/http://www.hindustantimes.com/jalandhar/king-khan-salutes-yash-chopra-s-alma-mater/article1-956296.aspx|archive-date=7 July 2015|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[Anurag Singh (director)]] || Director, Producer, Writer  
| [[Anurag Singh (director)]] || Director, Producer, Writer  
|-  
|-  
| [[Diljit Dosanjh]] || Actor, Singer  
| [[Diljit Dosanjh]] || Actor, Singer  
|-
| [[Karambir Singh]] || 24th Chief of Naval Staff of Indian Navy
|-
| [[Ranbir Singh Kanwar]] || Sugarcane Researcher, Director of Research (Agriculture) PAU, Director of Research Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University<ref>[[Ranbir Singh Kanwar]]</ref>
|-
|-
| [[Dr. Ranbir Singh Kanwar]] || Sugarcane Researcher, Director of Research (Agriculture) PAU, Director of Research Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University<ref>[[Ranbir Singh Kanwar]]</ref>
| [[Lawrence Durrell]] || Expatriate British novelist, poet, dramatist, and travel writer<ref>{{cite web|title=The Modern Novel|url=http://www.themodernnovel.org/europe/w-europe/england/durrell/|access-date=29 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208155826/http://www.themodernnovel.org/europe/w-europe/england/durrell/|archive-date=8 December 2015|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[Vanya Mishra]] || Winner of Miss India Femina 2012
| [[Vanya Mishra]] || Winner of Miss India Femina 2012
|-
| [[Lawrence Durrell]] ||  Expatriate British novelist, poet, dramatist, and travel writer<ref>{{cite web|title=The Modern Novel|url=http://www.themodernnovel.org/europe/w-europe/england/durrell/|access-date=29 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208155826/http://www.themodernnovel.org/europe/w-europe/england/durrell/|archive-date=8 December 2015|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[Sunil Dutt]] || Actor<ref>{{cite news|title=village khurd in jalandhar|url=http://idiva.com/news-entertainment/namrata-remembers-parents-nargis-sunil-dutt/14797|access-date=4 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150705055023/http://idiva.com/news-entertainment/namrata-remembers-parents-nargis-sunil-dutt/14797|archive-date=5 July 2015|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
| [[Sunil Dutt]] || Actor<ref>{{cite news|title=village khurd in jalandhar|url=http://idiva.com/news-entertainment/namrata-remembers-parents-nargis-sunil-dutt/14797|access-date=4 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150705055023/http://idiva.com/news-entertainment/namrata-remembers-parents-nargis-sunil-dutt/14797|archive-date=5 July 2015|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
Line 307: Line 518:
|-
|-
| [[Kanth Kaler]] || Singer
| [[Kanth Kaler]] || Singer
|-
|[[Karan Mehra]]
|Actor
|-
|-
| [[Nooran Sisters]] || Singers
| [[Nooran Sisters]] || Singers
Line 318: Line 532:
| [[Bahadur Singh Chouhan|Bahadur Singh]] || Indian former shot putter who won gold medal
| [[Bahadur Singh Chouhan|Bahadur Singh]] || Indian former shot putter who won gold medal
|-
|-
| [[General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq]] || Chief of Army Staff, 4th Chief Martial Law Administrator and the sixth President of Pakistan
| [[General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq]] || Chief of Army Staff, fourth Chief Martial Law Administrator and the sixth President of Pakistan
|-
|-
| [[Diwan Bhai Abdul Hamid]] || Revenue and Chief Minister of Kapurthala State
| [[Diwan Bhai Abdul Hamid]] || Revenue and Chief Minister of Kapurthala State
Line 361: Line 575:
|-
|-
| [[Udham Singh (field hockey)]] || Hockey Player
| [[Udham Singh (field hockey)]] || Hockey Player
|-
| [[Avneet Kaur]] || Actress
|-
|-
| [[Darshan Singh (field hockey)]] || Hockey Player
| [[Darshan Singh (field hockey)]] || Hockey Player
|-
|-
| [[Salma Mumtaz]] || Actress
| [[Salma Mumtaz]] || Actress
|-
| [[Saurav Mandal]]    Football player
|-
|-
| [[Ashwini Kumar Chopra]] || Journalist, Politician (MP-Karnal)
| [[Ashwini Kumar Chopra]] || Journalist, Politician (MP-Karnal)
Line 438: Line 656:
|British Judge
|British Judge
|-
|-
|[[Jass Manak]] || Singer
|-
|[[Manpreet Singh (field hockey)|Manpreet Singh]]
|Hockey Player
|-
|[[Garry Sandhu]] || Singer
|-
|[[Akhil (singer)|Akhil]]
|Singer
|-
|[[Jasmine Sandlas]]
|Singer
|}
|}
== Notes ==
{{notelist}}


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}


==External links==
==External links==
{{wiktionary|Jalandhar}}
*
{{Commons category}}
*  
* {{wikivoyage-inline|Jalandhar}}
* {{Official website|http://jalandhar.nic.in}}
* {{Official website|http://jalandhar.nic.in}}
*


{{Jalandhar district}}
{{Jalandhar district}}
Line 455: Line 688:
[[Category:Jalandhar| ]]
[[Category:Jalandhar| ]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Jalandhar district]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Jalandhar district]]
[[Category:Municipal corporations in Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Former capital cities in India]]
[[Category:Former capital cities in India]]

Revision as of 06:19, 22 July 2023


This article is about the municipality in Punjab. For its namesake district, see Jalandhar district.


Jalandhar
jullundar
Metropolis
Jalandhar is located in Punjab
Jalandhar
Jalandhar
Jalandhar is located in India
Jalandhar
Jalandhar
Coordinates: 31°15′25″N 75°26′36″E / 31.2569°N 75.4432°E / 31.2569; 75.4432
Country India
StatePunjab
DistrictJalandhar
Named forIn Water
Government
 • TypeDemocratic
 • BodyPolitical
 • Divisional CommissionerVeerendra Kumar Meena, IAS[1]
 • Deputy CommissionerMs. Deepshikha Sharma, IAS[2]
 • Member of ParliamentSushil Kumar Rinku, Aap
 • MayorJagdish Raja[3]
Area
[4]
 • Total1,016 sq mi (2,632 km2)
 • Rank3rd in Punjab
Elevation
748 ft (228 m)
Population
 (2022[5])
 • Total1,096,556
 • Density2,190/sq mi (847/km2)
DemonymJalandhariye
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
144 001
Area code0181
Vehicle registrationPB08, PB90, PB37 PB67, PB33
Literacy75.3%
Nearest cityKapurthala
HDIDecrease 0.451 Low
sex ratio922 females per 1000 male
LanguagePunjabi
Websitejalandhar.nic.in

Jalandhar is a city in the state of Punjab in India. With a considerable population, it ranks as the third most-populous city in the state and is the largest city in the Doaba region. Jalandhar lies alongside the historical Grand Trunk Road and is a well-connected junction for both rail and road networks.

The city is located 148 km (92 mi) northwest of the state capital Chandigarh, 83.5 km (51.9 mi) southeast of the city of Amritsar, and 61.3 km (38.1 mi) north of Ludhiana. The national capital, Delhi, is approximately 381 km (237 mi).

The National Highway 1 (NH1), crosses Jalandhar, further enhancing its connectivity.

History

Kos Minar along Grand Trunk Road in Dakhini near Jalandhar, from Sher Shah Suri period

The history of Jalandhar District comprises three periods — ancient, medieval and modern.

Ancient

The city may be named after Jalandhara, a Nath Guru who was from here. [citation needed]. The city was founded by Devasya Verma as mentioned in the Vedas. Other possibilities include that it was the capital of the kingdom of Lava, son of Rama or that the name derives from the vernacular term Jalandhar, meaning area inside the water, i.e., tract lying between the two rivers Satluj and Beas.[6] The whole of Punjab and the area of present Jalandhar District was part of the Indus Valley Civilization. Harappa and Mohenjo-daro are the sites where remains of the Indus Valley civilization have been found extensively. The archaeological explorations made during recent years have pushed the ancient times of Jalandhar District of the Harappa period. Jalandhar was known as Prasthala during the Vedic period and it was the capital of the Trigarta Kingdom.[7]

Medieval

Jalandhar and the Doaba may have been conquered around 1070 by the Ghaznavids during the reign of Ibrahim of Ghazni.[8] It later formed part of the province of Lahore during the Delhi Sultanate and Mughal Empire. The 18th century saw upheaval in Jalandhar amidst an anarchy caused by the disintegration of the Mughals and power struggles involving Persians, Afghans and Sikhs. It was captured by the Faizullahpuria Misl in 1766, and in 1811 Maharaja Ranjit Singh incorporated it within the Sikh Empire.[9]

In 1849, following the annexation of the Punjab by the East India Company, the city of Jalandhar, written in English as Jullundur by company officials, became the headquarters of the division and District of the same name. In 1858, company rule in India ended and the city became part of the British Raj. In the mid to late 19th century, the Punjab administration regarded Jullundur as too densely populated and farmed to capacity. This led to the district being a chief recruitment area for settlers to colonise the newly irrigated Punjab Canal Colonies, in western Punjab.[10]

Modern

The Khilafat Movement started in the district in the early 1920s to bring pressure on the government to change their policy towards Turkey. Mahatma Gandhi extended sympathy and support to this movement, however in response, the District was declared a 'Proclaimed Area' under the Seditious Meetings Act. In 1924, Pakistani general and military dictator Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq was born in the city.

Prior to the partition of India, Muslims were in plurality in Jalandhar. According to the 1941 census, Muslims made up 45.2% of the population, compared to Hindus and Sikhs being 27.6% and 26.5% respectively.[11] Within a period of 10 years, from 1941 to 1951, the Muslim population in Jalandhar reduced from 45.2% to 0.2%.[11]

Geography

Climate

The city has a humid subtropical climate with cool winters and long, hot summers. Summers last from April to June and winters from November to February. Temperatures in the summer vary from average highs of around 48 °C (118 °F) to average lows of around 25 °C (77 °F). Winter temperatures have highs of 19 °C (66 °F) to lows of −7 °C (19 °F). The climate is dry on the whole, except during the brief southwest monsoon season during July and August. The average annual rainfall is about 70 cm. In 2018, Jalandhar witnessed unusually heavy rainfall, with an over 20% increase from average rainfall levels.[12] Since it is located in the northern plains, the area feels quite cold during winters and very hot during summers.

Rainfall

The city receives an average annual rainfall of approximately 70 cm. However, fluctuations are not uncommon, as observed in 2018 when Jalandhar experienced a significant increase in precipitation. The city registered over a 20% increase from its average rainfall that year, which marked it as a year of heavy rainfall.

Despite the variations in climate across seasons, one thing remains constant: the extremity of temperatures, with winters feeling notably cold, and summers, feelings markedly hot due to Jalandhar's location in the northern plains.

Climate data for Jalandhar
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 19.4
(66.9) 		21.6
(70.9) 		26.0
(78.8) 		34.5
(94.1) 		39.4
(102.9) 		40.6
(105.1) 		34.1
(93.4) 		33.1
(91.6) 		32.6
(90.7) 		31.5
(88.7) 		27.2
(81.0) 		22.3
(72.1) 		30.2
(86.4)
Average low °C (°F) 6.2
(43.2) 		8.6
(47.5) 		13.2
(55.8) 		19.0
(66.2) 		23.8
(74.8) 		25.6
(78.1) 		24.7
(76.5) 		25.8
(78.4) 		21.8
(71.2) 		18.3
(64.9) 		12.1
(53.8) 		7.2
(45.0) 		17.2
(63.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 10.7
(0.42) 		16.7
(0.66) 		32.8
(1.29) 		15.2
(0.60) 		20.4
(0.80) 		69.7
(2.74) 		155.2
(6.11) 		183.6
(7.23) 		60.0
(2.36) 		1.5
(0.06) 		6
(0.2) 		15
(0.6) 		586.8
(23.07)
Source: [13]

Demographics

See also: List of cities in Punjab and Chandigarh

Population

As per the provisional data of the 2011 census, Jalandhar had a population of 873,725, of which 463,975 were male, and 409,750 female.

Literacy

The literacy rate is 86.22%.[14] For males and females respectively, the literacy rate is 88.82% and 83.30%

Religion

Religion in Jalandhar city[15]
Religion Percent
Hinduism
 
 74.90%
Sikhism
 
 21.39%
Islam
 
 1.47%
Christianity
 
 1.02%
Others
 
 1.22%

As per the census of 2011, Hinduism is the predominant religion in Jalandhar city, with adherents of Sikhism being a significant minority.

Religious groups in Jalandhar City (1891−2011)[lower-alpha 1]
Religious
group 		1891[17]:68 1901[18]:44 1911[19]:20 1921[20]:23 1931[21]:26 1941[16]:32 2011
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. %
Islam 38,994 58.9% 40,081 59.17% 40,903 58.59% 42,261 59.52% 52,577 59.06% 80,242 59.31% 12,744 1.47%
Hinduism 23,085 34.87% 24,715 36.49% 23,383 33.49% 24,253 34.16% 30,833[lower-alpha 2] 34.63% 48,375[lower-alpha 2] 35.76% 650,863 74.9%
Sikhism 2,274 3.43% 901 1.33% 3,636 5.21% 2,686 3.78% 3,003 3.37% 4,676 3.46% 185,869 21.39%
Christianity 1,569 2.37% 1,543 2.28% 1,440 2.06% 1,322 1.86% 1,533 1.72% 977 0.72% 8,889 1.02%
Jainism 347 0.52% 471 0.7% 438 0.63% 477 0.67% 1,014 1.14% 768 0.57% 3,203 0.37%
Zoroastrianism 3 0% 22 0.03% 18 0.03% 9 0.01% 70 0.08% N/A N/A N/A N/A
Buddhism 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% N/A N/A 1,407 0.16%
Others 0 0% 2 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 245 0.18% 5,954 0.69%
Total population 66,202 100% 67,735 100% 69,818 100% 71,008 100% 89,030 100% 135,283 100% 868,929 100%

Economy

Jalandhar is notable for its sports goods industry. With an employment of 60,000 to 70,000 people, it is estimated to be ₹1,700 crore industry, with ₹400 crore export and ₹1,300 crore domestic supply.[22] In 2022, the Sports Goods Manufacturers and Exporters Association in Jalandhar, with collaboration from local self-help groups, started an initiative to train 1,500 women in stitching soccer balls, ensuring financial development and welfare in the district.[23]

Another significant contributor to Jalandhar's economy is its leather industry, having a turn over of ₹1,200 to ₹1,500 crore, and ₹400 crore export.[24][25]

Smart City Project

In the second phase of the Indian Government's Smart City Project, Jalandhar has been selected to participate, marking a pivotal shift in the city's development.[26]

Transport

By air

The nearest airport is Adampur Airport, northwest of Jalandhar, which currently only handles scheduled operation on maiden flights of the private carrier Spicejet, to Delhi, Mumbai and Jaipur. The nearest fully-fledged International Airport is Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport, in Amritsar. It is the second busiest airport in North India, and is connected to other parts of the country by regular flights. Several airlines operate flights from abroad, including London Stansted, Birmingham, Dubai, Singapore, Kuala Lumpur, and Doha. The airport handles as many as 48 flights every week up from the occasional, intermittent ones some years ago.

By rail

Direct train service is available for other major cities like Mumbai, Calcutta, Chennai, Patna, Guwahati, Pune, Haridwar, Varanasi, Jaipur, Jhansi, Gwalior, Bhopal and Jammu Tawi. Some prestigious trains that halt in Jalandhar City railway station include the Howrah Mail, Golden Temple Mail (Frontier Mail), New-Delhi Amritsar Shatabdi Express, and the Paschim Express. Now, many trains of Jammu route are extended up to Mata Vaishno Devi-Katra.

Jalandhar City Railway Station is well-connected to other parts of the country. Jalandhar City is a major stop between the Amritsar-Delhi rail link, which is serviced by Shatabdi Express, Intercity Express, among others

Direct Services to major cities such as Mumbai, Calcutta, Chennai, Patna, Guwahati, Pune, Haridwar, Varanasi, Jaipur and Jammu Tawi are available. There are prestigious services such as the Howrah Mail, Golden Temple Mail (Frontier Mail), New-Delhi Amritsar Shatabdi Express, Paschim Express.

By road

There is one of the largest networks of bus services of Punjab at Shaheed-e-Azam, Sardar Bhagat Singh ISBT (Jalandhar), Himachal Pradesh, Delhi, Haryana, Pepsu, Chandigarh, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Uttrakhand, Rajasthan State Roadways, apart from private operators.

Religious places

Leisure

Interior of Viva Collage Mall, Jalandhar
View Of WonderLand's Water Park in the Evening
  • Niku Park
  • Prithvi's Planet
  • Smmash
  • Wonder Land[28]

Media

Punjab Kesari header with the photos of its founders, Lala Jagat Narain and Romesh Chander.
Jag Bani

Doordarshan Kendra, Jalandhar is an Indian television station in Jalandhar, owned and operated by state-owned Doordarshan, the television network of Prasar Bharati (Broadcasting Corporation of India).[29] It was established in 1979 and produces and broadcasts the 24-hour Punjabi language TV channel, DD Punjabi, which was launched in 1998 and covers most of the state of Punjab, India.

The city is the region's headquarters for newspapers, national television and radio stations. These include Daily Ajit, Jagbani, Punjab Kesari, Dainik Bhaskar, Dainik Jagran, Hindustan Times, The Tribune, Truescoop News, Hind Samachar, etc.[30][31][32][33][34][35]

State-owned All India Radio has a local station in Jalandhar that transmits programs of mass interest. FM local radio stations include:

Healthcare

The Municipal Corporation of Jalandhar claims that the city has over 800 hospitals, [36] making it the city with the highest number of hospitals per capita in Asia. Three new Health Centres were set up in Jalandhar on 9 September, 2020.[37]

Sports

Cricket

Cricket is very popular in the grounds and streets of Jalandhar. There is an international-standard stadium at Gandhi Stadium, formerly known as Burlton Park. The Indian cricket team played a Test Match against the Pakistan cricket team on this ground on 24 September 1983.[38]

Kabaddi

Major Kabaddi matches are usually held at Guru Gobind Singh Stadium.

Guru Gobind Singh Stadium

Guru Gobind Singh Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Jalandhar. It is usually used for football matches and served as the home stadium of JCT Mills FC.[39] People can be seen jogging, playing soccer, weight-lifting, etc. in the stadium most of the time. The Punjab government has started new projects at the stadium.

Surjit Hockey Stadium

Surjeet Hockey Stadium is a field hockey stadium in Jalandhar, Punjab, India. It is named after Jalandhar-born Olympian Surjit Singh. This stadium is home of the franchise Sher-e-Punjab of the World Series Hockey.

Sports college

There is a Government Sports College in the city and it is a focus for many of the National Sports Councils. In this college, many sports are played like cricket, hockey, swimming, volleyball and basketball.

Education

Main article: List of institutions of higher education in Punjab

Higher education institutions in Jalandhar include;

Universities

Schools

Jalandhar Cantonment

Main article: Jalandhar Cantonment

Notable people

Diljit Dosanjh
I. K. Gujral
Sugandha Mishra
Amrish Puri
Harbhajan Singh
Rannvijay Singh
Dharam Singh Uppal
Name Occupation
Yash Chopra Producer/Director[50]
Anurag Singh (director) Director, Producer, Writer
Diljit Dosanjh Actor, Singer
Karambir Singh 24th Chief of Naval Staff of Indian Navy
Ranbir Singh Kanwar Sugarcane Researcher, Director of Research (Agriculture) PAU, Director of Research Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University[51]
Lawrence Durrell Expatriate British novelist, poet, dramatist, and travel writer[52]
Vanya Mishra Winner of Miss India Femina 2012
Sunil Dutt Actor[53]
Kundan Lal Saigal Actor/Singer[54]
Amrish Puri Actor[55]
Jazzy B Singer
Sukhwinder Panchhi Singer
Apache Indian Singer
Sarbjit Cheema Singer
Kanth Kaler Singer
Karan Mehra Actor
Nooran Sisters Singers
Master Saleem Singer
Hans Raj Hans Singer
Jagjit Singh Singer
Bahadur Singh Indian former shot putter who won gold medal
General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq Chief of Army Staff, fourth Chief Martial Law Administrator and the sixth President of Pakistan
Diwan Bhai Abdul Hamid Revenue and Chief Minister of Kapurthala State
Hafeez Jullundhri Writer and poet
Baba Kashmira Singh Head of Sidhant Sant Samaj or Gurbani
Paul Nischal NRI President, first Indian candidate for the British Political Party
Col. Balbir Singh Kular Hockey Player
Varinder Singh Ghuman Bodybuilder, Wrestler and Punjabi Film Actor
Ajit Pal Singh Hockey Player
Surjit Singh Hockey Player
Pargat Singh Hockey Player
Inder Kumar Gujral Former Prime Minister of India
Harbhajan Singh Cricketer
Wasim Sajjad Two-time Acting President of Pakistan, Ex-Chairman of Senate
Sheikh Anwarul Haq Former Chief Justice
Mian Mohammed Sharif Surveyor General
Lala Amarnath Cricketer
Sushil Kohli Swimmer
Lala Jagat Narain Freedom fighter and founder of Punjab Kesri
Basheer Hussain Najafi One of the six Grand Ayatollahs
Taruwar Kohli Cricketer
Sardar Swaran Singh Politician
Udham Singh (field hockey) Hockey Player
Avneet Kaur Actress
Darshan Singh (field hockey) Hockey Player
Salma Mumtaz Actress
Saurav Mandal Football player
Ashwini Kumar Chopra Journalist, Politician (MP-Karnal)
Kartar Singh Duggal Writer
Kulwant Singh Virk Writer
Ishar Singh (poet) Poet
Sadhu Singh Hamdard Freedom fighter and Writer
Prem Parkash Writer
Ajit Saini Writer and Army General
Hasrat Writer
Gurbachan Singh Talib Writer
Gurdial Singh Writer and novelist
Chaudhry Muhammad Ali Former Prime Minister of Pakistan
Swami Shraddhanand Indian educationist and an Arya Samaj missionary
Wazir Ali Cricketer
R. Paul Dhillon Indo-Canadian journalist
Arun Shourie Politician, author, and journalist
Amanjot Singh Social Worker
Agha Sadiq Writer and poet
Fateh Ali Khan Singer. Father of Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan
Dharam Singh Uppal Athlete
Balbir Singh Sr. Hockey Player
Mandeep Singh Cricketer
Vimi Actress
Ranvir Shorey Actor
Sugandha Mishra Singer, Anchor, Comedian
Nalini Priyadarshni Poet, Writer
Vijay Sampla State Minister in Union Govt
Bhagat Chunni Lal Minister in Punjab Govt
Ram Kapoor Indian Actor
Sardar Buta Singh Ex-Home Minister of India
Sukhbir Singh Punjabi Musician, Singer
Amarjit Kaypee Former highest run scorer in Ranji Trophy (Cricket)
Akshaye Khanna Indian Actor
Surbhi Jyoti Indian Actress
Jyotica Tangri Playback singer, appeared in several reality TV shows
Lord Wilberforce British Judge
Jass Manak Singer
Manpreet Singh Hockey Player
Garry Sandhu Singer
Akhil Singer
Jasmine Sandlas Singer

Notes

  1. ↑ 1891-1941: Data for the entirety of the town of Jalandhar, which included Jalandhar Municipality and Jalandhar Cantonment.[16]:32
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 1931-1941: Including Ad-Dharmis

References

  1. ↑ "Welcome to Official Website of Jalandhar Divisional Commissioner, Punjab". commissionerjalandhar.gov.in.
  2. ↑ "List of Deputy Commissioner | Jalandhar Web Portal | India".
  3. ↑ "Municipal Corporation Jalandhar". Archived from the original on 14 October 2014. Retrieved 8 October 2014.
  4. ↑ Service, Tribune News. "People's patience being tested in Punjab civic polls". Tribuneindia News Service.
  5. ↑ "Jalandhar, India Metro Area Population 1950-2022".
  6. ↑ "Welcome to Official Website of Jalandhar District, Punjab". Archived from the original on 9 July 2015. Retrieved 8 July 2015.
  7. ↑ Dinesh Prasad Saklani, Ancient Communities of the Himalaya, p.45
  8. ↑ John Hutchison, Jean Philippe Vogel, History of the Panjab Hill States, Asian Educational Services, 1994 - Punjab Hill States (India), p.122
  9. ↑ Parminder Singh Grover Moga, Davinderjit Singh, Discover Punjab: Attractions of Punjab, Parminder Singh Grover, 20 May 2011
  10. ↑ Tom G. Kessinger, University of California, Berkeley. Center for South and Southeast Asia Studies, Vilyatpur, 1848-1968: Social and Economic Change in a North Indian Village, University of California Press, 1 Jan 1974, p.16
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 "1941 Punjab Census and its Interpretation". 18 November 2018.
  12. ↑ "Heavy Rainfall". Archived from the original on 25 July 2018.
  13. ↑ "Average Weather for Jalandhar — Temperature and Precipitation". The Weather Channel. Retrieved 4 November 2012.
  14. ↑ "Jalandhar City Population Census 2011-2019 | Punjab". Archived from the original on 28 December 2016. Retrieved 24 March 2017.
  15. ↑ "Jalandhar City Population Census 2011". Census2011. Archived from the original on 28 December 2016. Retrieved 24 March 2017.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 "CENSUS OF INDIA, 1941 VOLUME VI PUNJAB". Retrieved 17 January 2023.
  17. ↑ "CENSUS OF INDIA, 1891 GENERAL TABLES BRITISH PROVINCES AND FEUDATORY STATES VOL I". Retrieved 17 January 2023.
  18. ↑ "CENSUS OF INDIA, 1901 VOLUME I-A INDIA PART II-TABLES". Retrieved 17 January 2023.
  19. ↑ "CENSUS OF INDIA, 1911 VOLUME XIV PUNJAB PART II TABLES". Retrieved 17 January 2023.
  20. ↑ "CENSUS OF INDIA, 1921 VOLUME XV PUNJAB AND DELHI PART II TABLES". Retrieved 17 January 2023.
  21. ↑ "CENSUS OF INDIA, 1931 VOLUME XVII PUNJAB PART II TABLES". Retrieved 17 January 2023.
  22. ↑ Agnihotri Chaba, Anju (22 May 2020). "Jalandhar's Rs 1,700-crore sports goods industry bleeds". The Indian Express. Retrieved 23 May 2023.
  23. ↑ "Jalandhar | Sports industry to teach women to stitch footballs". Hindustan Times. 9 October 2022. Retrieved 23 May 2023.
  24. ↑ "Lockdown Effect: Something Is Rotten in Jalandhar's Rs 1,500-Crore Leather Industry". The Tribune. 22 May 2020. Retrieved 23 May 2023.
  25. ↑ Arora, Kusum (15 June 2020). "Lockdown Effect: Something Is Rotten in Jalandhar's Rs 1,500-Crore Leather Industry". The Wire. Retrieved 23 May 2023.
  26. ↑ "Open House: Do you see any changes around you that show Jalandhar is becoming a Smart City?". The Tribune. 12 September 2022. Retrieved 23 May 2023.
  27. ↑ "Gurudwara Nauvin Patshahi, Dukh Nivaran Sahib | ਗੁਰਦੁਆਰਾ ਨੌਵੀਂ ਪਾਤਸ਼ਾਹੀ, ਦੂਖ ਨਿਵਾਰਨ ਸਾਹਿਬ". www.gurudwaragtbjal.org. Retrieved 25 October 2019.
  28. ↑ "Wonderland". Wonderlandthemepark. Archived from the original on 27 April 2012. Retrieved 22 December 2012.
  29. ↑ "DOORDARSHAN KENDRA, BHAGWAN MAHAVIR MARG, JALANDHAR CITY". Archived from the original on 29 April 2018. Retrieved 24 July 2014.
  30. ↑ "हिन्दी समाचार | ताज़ा खबरें | विश्व समाचार - Punjab Kesari". Punjabkesari.in. Archived from the original on 5 November 2012. Retrieved 22 December 2012.
  31. ↑ "Jalandhar — Punjab — Page 1". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 22 December 2012. Retrieved 22 December 2012.
  32. ↑ "Jalandhar News, Jalandhar Hindi News, Jalandhar News Headlines, Daily News Paper, Local News". Bhaskar.com. Archived from the original on 4 November 2012. Retrieved 22 December 2012.
  33. ↑ "The Tribune, Chandigarh, India". Tribuneindia.com. Archived from the original on 4 November 2012. Retrieved 22 December 2012.
  34. ↑ "Truescoop News, Jalandhar, India". Truescoopnews.com. Retrieved 10 February 2022.
  35. ↑ "Latest Hindi News, Breaking News, हिन्दी समाचार, हिंदी न्यूज़ - News 360 Broadcast, Jalandhar, India". News360broadcast.com. Retrieved 7 July 2020.
  36. ↑ "Jalandhar City Hospitals | Asia".
  37. ↑ Service, Tribune News. "Jalandhar District gets three new health centres". Tribuneindia News Service.
  38. ↑ "Gandhi Stadium | India | Cricket Grounds | ESPNcricinfo.com". Cricinfo. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
  39. ↑ Bhattal, Amardeep (11 February 2000). "Mahindras trounce JCT 3–0". tribuneindia.com. Ludhiana, Punjab: The Tribune Online. Tribune News Service. Archived from the original on 31 October 2022. Retrieved 31 October 2022. {{cite web}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; 30 October 2022 suggested (help)
  40. ↑ "Apeejay School Jalandhar - Best CBSE Schools in Jalandhar". Apeejay School Jalandhar - Mahavir Marg Branch.
  41. ↑ "Welcome to Apeejay School Rama Mandi - Best School in Jalandhar".
  42. ↑ "Best CBSE School in Jalandhar". British Olivia School. Retrieved 1 October 2022.
  43. ↑ "Home". Cambridge Innovative School, Jalandhar. Retrieved 20 March 2023.
  44. ↑ "DPS, Jalandhar". Delhi Public School, Jalandhar.
  45. ↑ "MGN Public School, Adarsh Nagar, Jalandhar". MGN Public School, Adarsh Nagar, Jalandhar. Retrieved 26 November 2021.
  46. ↑ "Montgomery Guru Nanak Public School, Urban Estate Phase-II, Jalandhar". Montgomery Guru Nanak Public School, Urban Estate Phase-II, Jalandhar. Retrieved 26 November 2021.
  47. ↑ "SD MODEL SCHOOL | An English Medium Co-Educational Institution". Retrieved 25 October 2019.
  48. ↑ "Home". Shiv Jyoti Public School.
  49. ↑ "Swami Sant Dass Public School – Service to Humanity". www.swamisantdass.com. Retrieved 20 March 2023.
  50. ↑ "King Khan salutes Yash Chopra's alma mater". Archived from the original on 7 July 2015. Retrieved 4 July 2015.
  51. ↑ Ranbir Singh Kanwar
  52. ↑ "The Modern Novel". Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 29 November 2015.
  53. ↑ "village khurd in jalandhar". Archived from the original on 5 July 2015. Retrieved 4 July 2015.
  54. ↑ "imdb". Archived from the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
  55. ↑ "veethi". Archived from the original on 5 July 2015. Retrieved 4 July 2015.

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