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{{More citations needed|date=July 2016}} | {{More citations needed|date=July 2016}} | ||
{{Infobox settlement | {{Infobox settlement | ||
| name = Thane Creek | | name = Thane Creek | ||
| native_name = ठाणे खाडी | | native_name = ठाणे खाडी | ||
| native_name_lang | | native_name_lang = mr | ||
| settlement_type | | other_name = | ||
| image_skyline = ThaneCreek - August 2016.jpg | | nickname = | ||
| image_alt | | settlement_type = [[Creek (tidal)|Creek]] | ||
| image_caption | | image_skyline = ThaneCreek - August 2016.jpg | ||
| image_alt = | |||
| map_alt = | | image_caption = Thane Creek | ||
| map_caption | | map_alt = | ||
| pushpin_map | | map_caption = | ||
| pushpin_label_position | | pushpin_map = India Maharashtra | ||
| pushpin_map_alt | | pushpin_label_position = | ||
| pushpin_map_caption | | pushpin_map_alt = | ||
| coordinates | | pushpin_map_caption = | ||
| subdivision_type = Country | | coordinates = {{coord|19.02|N|72.97|E|display=inline,title}} | ||
| subdivision_name = India | | subdivision_type = Country | ||
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]] | | subdivision_name = [[India]] | ||
| subdivision_name1 = [[Maharashtra]] | | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]] | ||
| subdivision_type2 | | subdivision_name1 = [[Maharashtra]] | ||
| subdivision_name2 | | subdivision_type2 = District, Metro | ||
| subdivision_name2 = [[Thane district|Thane]], [[Mumbai]] | |||
| established_title = <!-- Established --> | | established_title = <!-- Established --> | ||
| established_date = | | established_date = | ||
| founder = | | founder = | ||
| named_for = | | named_for = [[Thane]] | ||
| government_type = | | government_type = | ||
| governing_body | | governing_body = | ||
| unit_pref = Metric | | unit_pref = Metric | ||
| area_footnotes | | area_footnotes = | ||
| area_rank | | area_rank = | ||
| area_total_km2 | | area_total_km2 = | ||
| elevation_footnotes | | elevation_footnotes = | ||
| elevation_m | | elevation_m = | ||
| population_total = | | population_total = | ||
| population_as_of = | | population_as_of = | ||
| population_rank = | | population_rank = | ||
| population_density_km2 | | population_density_km2 = auto | ||
| population_demonym | | population_demonym = | ||
| population_footnotes = | | population_footnotes = | ||
| demographics_type1 = Languages | | demographics_type1 = Languages | ||
| demographics1_title1 = Official | | demographics1_title1 = Official | ||
| demographics1_info1= [[Marathi language|Marathi]] | | demographics1_info1 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]] | ||
| timezone1= [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | ||
| utc_offset1 = +5:30 | | utc_offset1 = +5:30 | ||
| postal_code_type = <!-- [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] --> | | postal_code_type = <!-- [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] --> | ||
| postal_code = | | postal_code = | ||
| registration_plate | | registration_plate = | ||
| website = | | website = | ||
| footnotes = | | footnotes = | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Designation list | |||
| designation1 = Ramsar | |||
| designation1_offname = Thane Creek | |||
| designation1_date = 13 April 2022 | |||
| designation1_number = 2490<ref name="RSIS">{{Cite web|title=Thane Creek|website=[[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/2490|access-date=1 November 2022}}</ref>}} | |||
'''Thane Creek''' | '''Thane Creek''', previously '''Thana Creek''', is an [[estuary]] of the [[Arabian Sea]] and one of the two main [[distributary|distributaries]] of the [[Ulhas River]], in the [[Konkan division]] of [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/elevated-churchgatevirar-corridor-still-stuck/1017250/0 |title=Elevated Churchgate-Virar corridor still stuck - Indian Express |website=www.indianexpress.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018234731/http://www.indianexpress.com/news/elevated-churchgatevirar-corridor-still-stuck/1017250/0 |archive-date=2012-10-18}}</ref> The Ulhas splits at the northeast corner of [[Salsette Island]] into its two main distributaries, the other one being [[Vasai Creek]], both of which empty into the Arabian Sea. The creek forms the eastern boundary of Salsette island and separates the island from [[mainland]] of [[Konkan]]. It gets its name from the city of [[Thane]], previously Thana, located on the eastern bank of the creek. | ||
Thane Creek | The region of the Thane Creek has been recognized as an [[Important Bird Area]] by the [[Bombay Natural History Society]], as it is home to various avian species. In particular, it harbors populations of flamingos and several other migratory and wading birds. The area has been designated as a protected [[Ramsar site]] since 2022.<ref name="RSIS"/> | ||
== Thane Creek Flamingo Sanctuary == | |||
[[File:Lesser Flamingo Greater Flamingo in Mumbai (Bombay).jpg|left|thumb|Thane Creek Flamingo Sanctuary.]] | |||
The Maharashtra Government has declared the area along the western bank of the Thane Creek as the "Thane Creek Flamingo Sanctuary"(TCFS).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Deshpande |first=A |date=2015-08-08 |title=Mumbai gets a flamingo sanctuary |language=en |newspaper=The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/mumbai-gets-a-flamingo-sanctuary/article7513079.ece |url-status=live |access-date=2015-08-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230113212521/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/mumbai-gets-a-flamingo-sanctuary/article7513079.ece |archive-date=13 January 2023 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> It is Maharashtra's second notified marine sanctuary after the Malvan Marine Sanctuary. The sanctuary was notified by the Govt. Gazette on 6 August 2015. | |||
== Thane Creek Flamingo Sanctuary == | The TCFS lies on the [[Central Asian Flyway]] of the Asia Pacific Global Migratory Flyway.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Assainar |first=Raina |date=14 July 2024 |title=Navi Mumbai: State Government Forms Committee To Protect Nerul Flamingos And Mangrove Forests |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/mumbai/navi-mumbai-state-government-forms-committee-to-protect-nerul-flamingos-and-mangrove-forests |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240718101248/https://www.freepressjournal.in/amp/mumbai/navi-mumbai-state-government-forms-committee-to-protect-nerul-flamingos-and-mangrove-forests |archive-date=18 July 2024 |access-date=23 July 2024 |website=The Free Press Journal}}</ref> In 2022, the teams of Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS) counted more than 130,000 flamingoes in Thane creek. The [[greater flamingo]] and [[lesser flamingo]] are the two flamingo species present in the sanctuary.<ref>{{cite news |date=April 30, 2022 |title=More than 130,000 flamingoes visited Thane creek this year: Dept |website=Hindustan Times |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/as-per-bnhs-wildlife-research-organisation-counting-1-30l-flamingoes-sighted-in-thane-creek-this-year-the-most-in-last-5-years-101651326496856.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220726102709/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/as-per-bnhs-wildlife-research-organisation-counting-1-30l-flamingoes-sighted-in-thane-creek-this-year-the-most-in-last-5-years-101651326496856.html |archive-date=26 July 2022}}</ref> Alongside the flamingoes, there are 167 species of birds and small mammals, like [[golden jackal]]s are also present.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 August 2022 |title=Thane Creek Flamingo Sanctuary secures recognition as Ramsar site |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/thane-creek-flamingo-sanctuary-secures-recognition-as-ramsar-site-8088694/lite/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407225805/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/thane-creek-flamingo-sanctuary-secures-recognition-as-ramsar-site-8088694/lite/ |archive-date=7 April 2023 |access-date=8 April 2023 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Jadhav |first=R |date=4 April 2023 |title=Thane: Golden jackals spotted at flamingo sanctuary |url=https://www.mid-day.com/mumbai/mumbai-news/article/thane-golden-jackals-spotted-at-flamingo-sanctuary-23279034 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405021001/https://www.mid-day.com/amp/mumbai/mumbai-news/article/thane-golden-jackals-spotted-at-flamingo-sanctuary-23279034 |archive-date=5 April 2023 |access-date=8 April 2023 |website=Mid-Day}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Naik |first=Y |date=30 November 2022 |title=Study launched on golden jackals in city’s mangrove patches |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/study-launched-on-golden-jackals-in-city-s-mangrove-patches-101669832165683-amp.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207145417/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/study-launched-on-golden-jackals-in-city-s-mangrove-patches-101669832165683-amp.html |archive-date=7 December 2022 |access-date=8 April 2023 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> | ||
The total area of the TCFS is {{convert|1690|ha|km2|order=flip}} [which includes {{convert|896|ha|km2|order=flip}} of [[mangrove]] forests and {{convert|794|ha|km2|order=flip}} of water body].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Koshy |first=J |date=6 February 2019 |title=Bullet train gets green light via flamingo haven, national park |work=The Hindu Newspaper |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/bullet-train-gets-green-light-via-flamingo-haven-national-park/article26188009.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211003001315/https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/bullet-train-gets-green-light-via-flamingo-haven-national-park/article26188009.ece |archive-date=3 October 2021}}</ref> | |||
== Islands == | |||
Numerous islands are located in Thane Creek such as [[Elephanta Island]], [[Butcher Island]] and an unnamed island between Thane and Kalwa. | |||
== Railway bridges== | == Railway bridges== | ||
{{multiple image | |||
| align = right | |||
| direction = vertical | |||
| header = Tanna railway viaducts | |||
| image1 = Tanna Village and Smaller Viaduct (12671597053).jpg | |||
| image2 = Tanna Railway Viaduct (9142699593).jpg | |||
| footer = The smaller railway viaduct (top) and the longer railway viaduct (bottom) near Tanna (present day Thane) in 1855. | |||
}} | |||
Thane railway bridge or Thane railway viaduct is the oldest rail bridge constructed on this creek. The bridge lies between {{rws|Thane}} and Parsik tunnel, Kalwa. It has two sections, as there is an island in middle, a smaller section built of stones and concrete and a longer section built of stone and concrete but with a steel girder in middle. The first railway bridges in the country, they were built over the Thane creek when the Mumbai-Thane line was extended to Kalyan in May 1854. A report from Bombay Times elaborately describing the route for an account of a first trial journey of 18 November 1852 between Bombay and Tannah (before the official opening on 16 April 1853) also gave details on the Tannah-Callian (today, [[Kalyan]]) section, then under construction. It said that the railway [route] bent quickly towards 'the viaduct' on entering the village. This refers to the two old Thane creek bridges, that spanned the creek on the original line. | |||
A new parallel railway bridge, also with two sections, has been constructed for | A new parallel railway bridge, also with two sections, has been constructed for [[local trains]] ,<ref>[http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-158-years-on-central-railway-bridges-vital-gap-1532413 158 years on, central railway bridges vital gap]</ref> on the [[Harbour line (Mumbai Suburban Railway)|harbour line]] of Mumbai suburban railway. | ||
Another railway bridge connecting [[Mankhurd]] and [[Vashi]] was opened later. | |||
== Road bridges == | == Road bridges == | ||
There are numerous road bridges over Thane Creek. | |||
[[ | The first [[Kalwa Bridge]] ({{coord|19.19682|72.98553|format=dms|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline|name=Kalwa Bridge (first)}}) was built in 1863 and was first road bridge across Thane creek. The {{cvt|350|m}} long bridge has ten pillars and ten arches. Following a structural audit conducted on the bridge in 2010, it was deemed unsafe for use by heavy vehicles, and only two and three-wheelers were permitted to use the bridge. According to officials the bridge's structure had suffered damage from a collision with a barge in 2006. The bridge was closed to all motor vehicle traffic from midnight on 3 August 2016, and only pedestrians were permitted to use the bridge. The bridge will not be demolished as it is classified as a heritage structure.<ref>{{cite web|date=4 August 2016|title=After Mahad tragedy, authorities shut down 153-year-old bridge in Thane|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/after-mahad-tragedy-authorities-shut-down-153-year-old-bridge-in-thane/story-fPSmJoqWySPHDTWdYCIuqN.html|access-date=26 January 2022|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Badgeri|first=Manoj|title=Kalwa bridge shut for structural audit|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thane/kalwa-bridge-shut-for-structural-audit/articleshow/53550588.cms|access-date=2022-01-26|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref name="BridgeClose">{{Cite web|title=Thane police shut 153-year-old Kalwa bridge|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-thane-police-shut-153-year-old-kalwa-bridge-2241221|access-date=2022-01-26|website=DNA India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-08-05|title=Mahad bridge tragedy: Now, 153-year-old Kalwa bridge in Thane shut down by authorities|url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/mahad-bridge-tragedy-now-153-year-old-kalwa-bridge-in-thane-shut-down-by-authorities-2937176.html|access-date=2022-01-26|website=Firstpost|language=en}}</ref> | ||
The second Kalwa Bridge was opened in 1995. The third Kalwa Bridge was partially opened to traffic on 13 November 2022, and was fully opened on 10 March 2023. | |||
[[Airoli bridge]] connects [[Mulund]] and [[Airoli]]. It was opened in 1999. | |||
[[Vashi Bridge]] was built in 1973 and connected [[Mankhurd]] and [[Vashi]]. This old bridge has been closed to traffic and been replaced by a newer bridge which was opened in 1997. A third bridge is currently under construction. | |||
[[Mumbai Trans Harbour Link]] connects [[Sewri]] and [[Chirle]]. It was opened in 2024. | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
| Line 87: | Line 111: | ||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
{{commons category|Thane Creek}} | |||
* http://www.mumbai77.com/city/4075/attractions/thane-creek-mudflats-flamingo-sanctuary/ | * http://www.mumbai77.com/city/4075/attractions/thane-creek-mudflats-flamingo-sanctuary/ | ||
* http://asc-india.org/seismi/seis-maharashtra.htm | * http://asc-india.org/seismi/seis-maharashtra.htm | ||
{{Mumbai topics}} | {{Mumbai topics}} | ||
{{Thane district topics}} | |||
{{Ramsar sites in India}} | |||
[[Category:Estuaries of Mumbai]] | [[Category:Estuaries of Mumbai]] | ||
[[Category:Geography of Thane district]] | |||
[[Category:Ramsar sites in India]] | |||
[[Category:Important Bird Areas of India]] | [[Category:Important Bird Areas of India]] | ||
Latest revision as of 14:10, 5 March 2026
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (July 2016) |
Thane Creek
ठाणे खाडी | |
|---|---|
 Thane Creek | |
  Thane Creek | |
| Coordinates: 19°01′N 72°58′E / 19.02°N 72.97°E | |
| Country | India |
| State | Maharashtra |
| District, Metro | Thane, Mumbai |
| Named for | Thane |
| Languages | |
| • Official | Marathi |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| Designations | |
|---|---|
| Template:Infobox designation list/entry |
Thane Creek, previously Thana Creek, is an estuary of the Arabian Sea and one of the two main distributaries of the Ulhas River, in the Konkan division of Maharashtra.[1] The Ulhas splits at the northeast corner of Salsette Island into its two main distributaries, the other one being Vasai Creek, both of which empty into the Arabian Sea. The creek forms the eastern boundary of Salsette island and separates the island from mainland of Konkan. It gets its name from the city of Thane, previously Thana, located on the eastern bank of the creek.
The region of the Thane Creek has been recognized as an Important Bird Area by the Bombay Natural History Society, as it is home to various avian species. In particular, it harbors populations of flamingos and several other migratory and wading birds. The area has been designated as a protected Ramsar site since 2022.[2]
Thane Creek Flamingo Sanctuary[edit | edit source]
.jpg)
The Maharashtra Government has declared the area along the western bank of the Thane Creek as the "Thane Creek Flamingo Sanctuary"(TCFS).[3] It is Maharashtra's second notified marine sanctuary after the Malvan Marine Sanctuary. The sanctuary was notified by the Govt. Gazette on 6 August 2015.
The TCFS lies on the Central Asian Flyway of the Asia Pacific Global Migratory Flyway.[4] In 2022, the teams of Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS) counted more than 130,000 flamingoes in Thane creek. The greater flamingo and lesser flamingo are the two flamingo species present in the sanctuary.[5] Alongside the flamingoes, there are 167 species of birds and small mammals, like golden jackals are also present.[6][7][8]
The total area of the TCFS is 16.9 square kilometres (1,690 ha) [which includes 8.96 square kilometres (896 ha) of mangrove forests and 7.94 square kilometres (794 ha) of water body].[9]
Islands[edit | edit source]
Numerous islands are located in Thane Creek such as Elephanta Island, Butcher Island and an unnamed island between Thane and Kalwa.
Railway bridges[edit | edit source]
Tanna railway viaducts
.jpg)
.jpg)
The smaller railway viaduct (top) and the longer railway viaduct (bottom) near Tanna (present day Thane) in 1855.
Thane railway bridge or Thane railway viaduct is the oldest rail bridge constructed on this creek. The bridge lies between Thane and Parsik tunnel, Kalwa. It has two sections, as there is an island in middle, a smaller section built of stones and concrete and a longer section built of stone and concrete but with a steel girder in middle. The first railway bridges in the country, they were built over the Thane creek when the Mumbai-Thane line was extended to Kalyan in May 1854. A report from Bombay Times elaborately describing the route for an account of a first trial journey of 18 November 1852 between Bombay and Tannah (before the official opening on 16 April 1853) also gave details on the Tannah-Callian (today, Kalyan) section, then under construction. It said that the railway [route] bent quickly towards 'the viaduct' on entering the village. This refers to the two old Thane creek bridges, that spanned the creek on the original line.
A new parallel railway bridge, also with two sections, has been constructed for local trains ,[10] on the harbour line of Mumbai suburban railway.
Another railway bridge connecting Mankhurd and Vashi was opened later.
Road bridges[edit | edit source]
There are numerous road bridges over Thane Creek.
The first Kalwa Bridge (19°11′49″N 72°59′08″E / 19.19682°N 72.98553°E) was built in 1863 and was first road bridge across Thane creek. The 350 m (1,150 ft) long bridge has ten pillars and ten arches. Following a structural audit conducted on the bridge in 2010, it was deemed unsafe for use by heavy vehicles, and only two and three-wheelers were permitted to use the bridge. According to officials the bridge's structure had suffered damage from a collision with a barge in 2006. The bridge was closed to all motor vehicle traffic from midnight on 3 August 2016, and only pedestrians were permitted to use the bridge. The bridge will not be demolished as it is classified as a heritage structure.[11][12][13][14]
The second Kalwa Bridge was opened in 1995. The third Kalwa Bridge was partially opened to traffic on 13 November 2022, and was fully opened on 10 March 2023.
Airoli bridge connects Mulund and Airoli. It was opened in 1999.
Vashi Bridge was built in 1973 and connected Mankhurd and Vashi. This old bridge has been closed to traffic and been replaced by a newer bridge which was opened in 1997. A third bridge is currently under construction.
Mumbai Trans Harbour Link connects Sewri and Chirle. It was opened in 2024.
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ "Elevated Churchgate-Virar corridor still stuck - Indian Express". www.indianexpress.com. Archived from the original on 18 October 2012.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedRSIS - ↑ Deshpande, A (8 August 2015). "Mumbai gets a flamingo sanctuary". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Archived from the original on 13 January 2023. Retrieved 9 August 2015.
- ↑ Assainar, Raina (14 July 2024). "Navi Mumbai: State Government Forms Committee To Protect Nerul Flamingos And Mangrove Forests". The Free Press Journal. Archived from the original on 18 July 2024. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
- ↑ "More than 130,000 flamingoes visited Thane creek this year: Dept". Hindustan Times. 30 April 2022. Archived from the original on 26 July 2022.
- ↑ "Thane Creek Flamingo Sanctuary secures recognition as Ramsar site". The Indian Express. 14 August 2022. Archived from the original on 7 April 2023. Retrieved 8 April 2023.
- ↑ Jadhav, R (4 April 2023). "Thane: Golden jackals spotted at flamingo sanctuary". Mid-Day. Archived from the original on 5 April 2023. Retrieved 8 April 2023.
- ↑ Naik, Y (30 November 2022). "Study launched on golden jackals in city's mangrove patches". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 7 December 2022. Retrieved 8 April 2023.
- ↑ Koshy, J (6 February 2019). "Bullet train gets green light via flamingo haven, national park". The Hindu Newspaper. Archived from the original on 3 October 2021.
- ↑ 158 years on, central railway bridges vital gap
- ↑ "After Mahad tragedy, authorities shut down 153-year-old bridge in Thane". Hindustan Times. 4 August 2016. Retrieved 26 January 2022.
- ↑ Badgeri, Manoj. "Kalwa bridge shut for structural audit". The Times of India. Retrieved 26 January 2022.
- ↑ "Thane police shut 153-year-old Kalwa bridge". DNA India. Retrieved 26 January 2022.
- ↑ "Mahad bridge tragedy: Now, 153-year-old Kalwa bridge in Thane shut down by authorities". Firstpost. 5 August 2016. Retrieved 26 January 2022.
External links[edit | edit source]
- http://www.mumbai77.com/city/4075/attractions/thane-creek-mudflats-flamingo-sanctuary/
- http://asc-india.org/seismi/seis-maharashtra.htm
Template:Thane district topics Template:Ramsar sites in India