Sikkim Democratic Front: Difference between revisions

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{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{more citations needed|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian Political Party
{{Infobox Indian Political Party
| party_name = Sikkim Democratic Front
| party_name = Sikkim Democratic Front
|colorcode  = {{Sikkim Democratic Front/meta/color}}
|colorcode  = {{party color|Sikkim Democratic Front}}
| party_logo = [[File:Sikkim-Democratic-Front-flag.svg|200px]]
| party_logo = [[File:Sikkim-Democratic-Front-flag.svg|200px]]
| president  = [[Pawan Kumar Chamling]]
| president  = [[Pawan Kumar Chamling]]
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| rajyasabha_leader = [[Hishey Lachungpa]]
| rajyasabha_leader = [[Hishey Lachungpa]]
| foundation = {{Start date and years ago|df=yes|p=y|1993|03|04}}
| foundation = {{Start date and years ago|df=yes|p=y|1993|03|04}}
| alliance =
| alliance = [[National Democratic Alliance]] (2014-2019)
| loksabha_seats = {{Composition bar|0|543|hex={{Sikkim Democratic Front/meta/color}}}}
| loksabha_seats = {{Composition bar|0|543|hex={{party color|Sikkim Democratic Front}}}}
| rajyasabha_seats = {{Composition bar|1|245|hex={{Sikkim Democratic Front/meta/color}}}}
| rajyasabha_seats = {{Composition bar|1|245|hex={{party color|Sikkim Democratic Front}}}}
| state_seats_name  = [[Legislative Assembly of Sikkim|Sikkim Legislative Assembly]]
| state_seats_name  = [[Legislative Assembly of Sikkim|Sikkim Legislative Assembly]]
| state_seats = {{Composition bar|1|32|hex={{Sikkim Democratic Front/meta/color}}}}
| state_seats = {{Composition bar|1|32|hex={{party color|Sikkim Democratic Front}}}}
| ideology = [[Democratic socialism]]
| ideology = [[Democratic socialism]]
| position = [[Centre-left]] to [[Left-wing]]
| position = [[Centre-left]] to [[Left-wing]]
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| eci = State Party<ref>{{cite web|title=List of Political Parties and Election Symbols main Notification Dated 18.01.2013|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/ElectoralLaws/OrdersNotifications/ElecSym19012013_eng.pdf|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=9 May 2013|location=India|year=2013}}</ref>
| eci = State Party<ref>{{cite web|title=List of Political Parties and Election Symbols main Notification Dated 18.01.2013|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/ElectoralLaws/OrdersNotifications/ElecSym19012013_eng.pdf|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=9 May 2013|location=India|year=2013}}</ref>
| publication =  
| publication =  
| symbol =
| symbol = [[File:Indian Election Symbol Umberlla.png|100px]]
| website =  
| website =  
}}
}}
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==History ==
==History ==
The party was founded by [[Pawan Kumar Chamling]] in 1993. It has ruled the Sikkim state since 1994 with Pawan Kumar Chamling as the [[Chief Minister (India)|chief minister]]. The party consolidated its position sweeping the 1999 and 2004 state elections. It won 31 of the 32 assembly seats in the 2004 election.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |title=Archived copy |access-date=2010-10-01 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101005110118/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |archive-date=5 October 2010 |df=dmy-all }} Election Commission of India - Sikkim Assembly Elections</ref> In the 2009 assembly election, the party made a clean sweep, winning all 32 seats. It also retained the lone [[Lok Sabha]] seat.<ref>http://ceosikkim.nic.in/Index.htm Election Results 2009</ref> In 2014 assembly elections, SDF won 22 seats and retained power.
The party was founded by [[Pawan Kumar Chamling]] in 1993. It has ruled the Sikkim state from 1994 to 2019 with Pawan Kumar Chamling as the [[Chief Minister (India)|chief minister]]. The party consolidated its position sweeping the 1999 and 2004 state elections. It won 31 of the 32 assembly seats in the 2004 election.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |title=Archived copy |access-date=2010-10-01 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101005110118/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |archive-date=5 October 2010 |df=dmy-all }} Election Commission of India - Sikkim Assembly Elections</ref> In the 2009 assembly election, the party made a clean sweep, winning all 32 seats. It also retained the lone [[Lok Sabha]] seat.<ref>http://ceosikkim.nic.in/Index.htm Election Results 2009</ref> In 2014 assembly elections, SDF won 22 seats and retained power.


In May 2016, after the BJP led NDA formed its first government in [[Assam]], a new alliance called the [[North-East Democratic Alliance]] (NEDA) was formed with BJP leader [[Himanta Biswa Sarma]] as its convener.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/sikkim-cm-wants-bjp-chief-to-step-in/articleshow/60383450.cms|title=Sikkim CM wants BJP chief to step in}}</ref> The Chief Ministers of the north eastern states of [[Sikkim]], [[Assam]], Manipur, [[Arunachal Pradesh]] and [[Nagaland]] too belong to this alliance. Thus, the Sikkim Democratic Front joined the NDA led NEDA.<ref>http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/amit-shah-holds-meeting-with-northeast-cms-forms-alliance/story-YDYLQ6YsImuzZOQ6Zev5MO.html</ref>
In May 2016, after the BJP led NDA formed its first government in [[Assam]], a new alliance called the [[North-East Democratic Alliance]] (NEDA) was formed with BJP leader [[Himanta Biswa Sarma]] as its convener.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/sikkim-cm-wants-bjp-chief-to-step-in/articleshow/60383450.cms|title=Sikkim CM wants BJP chief to step in|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The Chief Ministers of the north eastern states of [[Sikkim]], [[Assam]], Manipur, [[Arunachal Pradesh]] and [[Nagaland]] too belong to this alliance. Thus, the Sikkim Democratic Front joined the NDA led NEDA.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/amit-shah-holds-meeting-with-northeast-cms-forms-alliance/story-YDYLQ6YsImuzZOQ6Zev5MO.html|title = Amit Shah holds meeting with northeast CMS, forms alliance|date = 25 May 2016}}</ref>


[[Pawan Kumar Chamling]] resigned as CM after [[2019 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election]] as former member [[Prem Singh Tamang]]'s [[Sikkim Krantikari Morcha]] party formed the  government by winning 17 seats out of 32. SDF party won the remaining 15 seats. But in August 2019, 10 MLAs quit his party to join [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] and in the same month two other legislators joined [[Sikkim Krantikari Morcha]]. Thus making [[Pawan Kumar Chamling]] only MLA of from the party.<ref>[https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/bjp-now-main-opposition-party-in-sikkim-even-without-winning-a-single-seat/articleshow/70657139.cms?from=mdr BJP now main opposition party in Sikkim even without winning a single seat]</ref><ref>[https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/10-sdf-legislators-switch-over-to-bjp/story-qKcQJuqMqn2jbnoE1juggK.html 10 SDF legislators switch over to BJP]</ref><ref>[https://www.firstpost.com/politics/ten-sdf-mlas-join-bjp-sikkim-may-be-headed-towards-arunachal-pradesh-route-as-mass-crossovers-leave-ex-cm-in-the-lurch-7165761.html Ten SDF MLAs join BJP: Sikkim may be headed towards Arunachal Pradesh route, as mass crossovers leave ex-CM in the lurch]</ref>
[[Pawan Kumar Chamling]] resigned as CM after [[2019 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election]] as former member [[Prem Singh Tamang]]'s [[Sikkim Krantikari Morcha]] party formed the  government by winning 17 seats out of 32. SDF party won the remaining 15 seats. But in August 2019, 10 MLAs quit his party to join the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] and in the same month two other legislators joined [[Sikkim Krantikari Morcha]]. Thus making [[Pawan Kumar Chamling]] the only MLA of his party.<ref>[https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/bjp-now-main-opposition-party-in-sikkim-even-without-winning-a-single-seat/articleshow/70657139.cms?from=mdr BJP now main opposition party in Sikkim even without winning a single seat]{{Dead link|date=February 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>[https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/10-sdf-legislators-switch-over-to-bjp/story-qKcQJuqMqn2jbnoE1juggK.html 10 SDF legislators switch over to BJP]</ref><ref>[https://www.firstpost.com/politics/ten-sdf-mlas-join-bjp-sikkim-may-be-headed-towards-arunachal-pradesh-route-as-mass-crossovers-leave-ex-cm-in-the-lurch-7165761.html Ten SDF MLAs join BJP: Sikkim may be headed towards Arunachal Pradesh route, as mass crossovers leave ex-CM in the lurch]</ref>


==Frontal Organisation==
==Frontal Organisation==
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{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
!scope=col| No
!scope=col| №
!scope=col| Name
!scope=col| Name
!scope=col colspan=2| Term
!scope=col colspan=2| Term
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  | 12 December 1994
  | 12 December 1994
  | 23 May 2019
  | 23 May 2019
  |{{Age in days|1994|12|12}} Days
  |{{Age in years and days|1994|12|12|2019|5|23}}  
|-
|-
|}
|}
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| [[2009 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election|2009]] || 32 || 32 || 32 || 0 || 67.52 || <ref>{{cite web|title=STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 2009 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF SIKKIM|url=https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3364-sikkim-2009/|publisher=ECI|access-date=31 October 2019|year=2009}}</ref>
| [[2009 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election|2009]] || 32 || 32 || 32 || 0 || 67.52 || <ref>{{cite web|title=STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 2009 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF SIKKIM|url=https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3364-sikkim-2009/|publisher=ECI|access-date=31 October 2019|year=2009}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[2009 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election|2009]] (by-election) || 1 || 1 || 1 || 0 || 80.77 || <ref>{{cite news|title= SDF’s Binod Rai wins by securing 4930 votes |url= http://sikkimnews.blogspot.com/2009/09/sdfs-binod-rai-wins-by-securing-4930.html |newspaper=The Sikkim Times|access-date=2 November 2019|date=25 October 2019}}</ref>
| [[2009 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election|2009]] (by-election) || 1 || 1 || 1 || 0 || 80.77 || <ref>{{cite news|title= SDF's Binod Rai wins by securing 4930 votes |url= http://sikkimnews.blogspot.com/2009/09/sdfs-binod-rai-wins-by-securing-4930.html |newspaper=The Sikkim Times|access-date=2 November 2019|date=25 October 2019}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[2014 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election|2014]] || 32 || 32 || 22 || 0 || 56.74 || <ref>{{cite web|title=STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 2014 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF SIKKIM|url=https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3365-sikkim-2014/|publisher=ECI|access-date=25 November 2019|year=2014}}</ref>
| [[2014 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election|2014]] || 32 || 32 || 22 || 0 || 56.74 || <ref>{{cite web|title=STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 2014 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF SIKKIM|url=https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3365-sikkim-2014/|publisher=ECI|access-date=25 November 2019|year=2014}}</ref>
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| 2017 (by-election) || 1 || 1 || 1 || 0 || 90.15 || <ref>{{cite web|title=Bye Election Result 2017: Sikkim 28- Upper Burtuk (AC)|url=https://eci.gov.in/files/file/2600-bye-election-result-2017-sikkim-28-upper-burtuk-ac/|publisher=ECI|access-date=18 November 2019|year=2018}}</ref>
| 2017 (by-election) || 1 || 1 || 1 || 0 || 90.15 || <ref>{{cite web|title=Bye Election Result 2017: Sikkim 28- Upper Burtuk (AC)|url=https://eci.gov.in/files/file/2600-bye-election-result-2017-sikkim-28-upper-burtuk-ac/|publisher=ECI|access-date=18 November 2019|year=2018}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[2019 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election|2019]] || 32 || 32 || 15 || 0 || 47.63 || <ref>{{cite news|title=SKM ends Chamling’s 25-year rule|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/cover-story/article27321226.ece|newspaper=FRONTLINE|access-date=26 November 2019|date=7 June 2019}}</ref>
| [[2019 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election|2019]] || 32 || 32 || 15 || 0 || 47.63 || <ref>{{cite news|title=SKM ends Chamling's 25-year rule|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/cover-story/article27321226.ece|newspaper=FRONTLINE|access-date=26 November 2019|date=7 June 2019}}</ref>
|-
|-
| 2019 (by-election) || 3 || 3 || 0 || 0 || 15.18 || <ref>{{cite news|title=Final result of Poklok-Kamrang bye-poll|url=https://www.facebook.com/sikkimexpress/photos/a.130585913754096/1943209899158346/?type=3&theater|newspaper=Sikkim Express (Facebook)|access-date=22 November 2019|date=25 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Final result of Martam-Rumtek bye-poll|url=https://www.facebook.com/sikkimexpress/photos/a.130585913754096/1943209539158382/?type=3&theater|newspaper=Sikkim Express (Facebook)|access-date=19 November 2019|date=25 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Final result of Gangtok bye-poll|url=https://www.facebook.com/sikkimexpress/photos/a.130585913754096/1943209019158434/?type=3&theater|newspaper=Sikkim Express (Facebook)|access-date=22 November 2019|date=25 October 2019}}</ref>
| 2019 (by-election) || 3 || 3 || 0 || 0 || 15.18 || <ref>{{cite news|title=Final result of Poklok-Kamrang bye-poll|url=https://www.facebook.com/sikkimexpress/photos/a.130585913754096/1943209899158346/?type=3&theater |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/facebook/129055160573838/1943209899158346 |archive-date=2022-02-26 |url-access=limited|newspaper=Sikkim Express (Facebook)|access-date=22 November 2019|date=25 October 2019}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Final result of Martam-Rumtek bye-poll|url=https://www.facebook.com/sikkimexpress/photos/a.130585913754096/1943209539158382/?type=3&theater |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/facebook/129055160573838/1943209539158382 |archive-date=2022-02-26 |url-access=limited|newspaper=Sikkim Express (Facebook)|access-date=19 November 2019|date=25 October 2019}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Final result of Gangtok bye-poll|url=https://www.facebook.com/sikkimexpress/photos/a.130585913754096/1943209019158434/?type=3&theater |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/facebook/129055160573838/1943209019158434 |archive-date=2022-02-26 |url-access=limited|newspaper=Sikkim Express (Facebook)|access-date=22 November 2019|date=25 October 2019}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
|}
|}


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==External links==
==External links==
* [http://ceosikkim.nic.in/ Chief Electoral Officer, Sikkim]
* [http://ceosikkim.nic.in/ Chief Electoral Officer, Sikkim]
* [https://sikkimassembly.org.in/ Sikkim Assembly, Sikkim]


==References==
==References==
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[[Category:1993 establishments in Sikkim]]
[[Category:1993 establishments in Sikkim]]
[[Category:Political parties in India]]
[[Category:Political parties in India]]
{{India-party-stub}}

Latest revision as of 22:45, 5 May 2022



Sikkim Democratic Front
PresidentPawan Kumar Chamling
Lok Sabha leaderNone
Rajya Sabha leaderHishey Lachungpa
Founded4 March 1993 (32 years ago) (1993-03-04)
HeadquartersS.D.F Bhawan, Indira Byepass Gangtok, Sikkim
IdeologyDemocratic socialism
Political positionCentre-left to Left-wing
ECI StatusState Party[1]
AllianceNational Democratic Alliance (2014-2019)
Seats in Lok Sabha
0 / 543
Seats in Rajya Sabha
1 / 245
Seats in Sikkim Legislative Assembly
1 / 32
Election symbol
Indian Election Symbol Umberlla.png

Sikkim Democratic Front (SDF) is a regional political party in the Indian state of Sikkim. It was the ruling party in Sikkim from 12 December 1994 to 23 May 2019.

History[edit]

The party was founded by Pawan Kumar Chamling in 1993. It has ruled the Sikkim state from 1994 to 2019 with Pawan Kumar Chamling as the chief minister. The party consolidated its position sweeping the 1999 and 2004 state elections. It won 31 of the 32 assembly seats in the 2004 election.[2] In the 2009 assembly election, the party made a clean sweep, winning all 32 seats. It also retained the lone Lok Sabha seat.[3] In 2014 assembly elections, SDF won 22 seats and retained power.

In May 2016, after the BJP led NDA formed its first government in Assam, a new alliance called the North-East Democratic Alliance (NEDA) was formed with BJP leader Himanta Biswa Sarma as its convener.[4] The Chief Ministers of the north eastern states of Sikkim, Assam, Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland too belong to this alliance. Thus, the Sikkim Democratic Front joined the NDA led NEDA.[5]

Pawan Kumar Chamling resigned as CM after 2019 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election as former member Prem Singh Tamang's Sikkim Krantikari Morcha party formed the government by winning 17 seats out of 32. SDF party won the remaining 15 seats. But in August 2019, 10 MLAs quit his party to join the Bharatiya Janata Party and in the same month two other legislators joined Sikkim Krantikari Morcha. Thus making Pawan Kumar Chamling the only MLA of his party.[6][7][8]

Frontal Organisation[edit]

  • Youth Wing
  • Student's Wing
  • Women's Wing
  • Labour Wing
  • Cultivators and Organic Farmers Wing
  • Ex-servicemen Wing
  • Scheduled Tribe Welfare Wing
  • Scheduled Caste Welfare Wing
  • Drivers Wing
  • Traders Wing

List of Chief Minister[edit]

№ Name Term Tenure
1 Pawan Kumar Chamling
MLA form Namchi-Singhithang 		12 December 1994 23 May 2019 24 years, 162 days

Electoral records[edit]

Sikkim Legislative Assembly election
Year Total Seats Seats Contested Seats Won Forfeited Deposits % Votes contested Source
1994 32 32 19 1 42.00 [9]
1999 32 31 24 0 52.83 [10]
2004 32 32 31 0 71.09 [11]
2009 32 32 32 0 67.52 [12]
2009 (by-election) 1 1 1 0 80.77 [13]
2014 32 32 22 0 56.74 [14]
2014 (by-election) 1 1 0 0 43.68 [15]
2017 (by-election) 1 1 1 0 90.15 [16]
2019 32 32 15 0 47.63 [17]
2019 (by-election) 3 3 0 0 15.18 [18][19][20]
Lok Sabha election, Sikkim
Year Total Seats Seats Contested Seats Won Forfeited Deposits % Votes contested Source
1996 1 1 1 0 72.15 [21]
1998 1 1 1 0 65.72 [22]
1999 1 1 1 0 52.56 [23]
2004 1 1 1 0 69.84 [24]
2009 1 1 1 0 63.30 [25]
2014 1 1 1 0 52.98 [26]
2019 1 1 0 0 43.92 [27]

See also[edit]

External links[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ↑ "List of Political Parties and Election Symbols main Notification Dated 18.01.2013" (PDF). India: Election Commission of India. 2013. Retrieved 9 May 2013.
  2. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 5 October 2010. Retrieved 1 October 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) Election Commission of India - Sikkim Assembly Elections
  3. ↑ http://ceosikkim.nic.in/Index.htm Election Results 2009
  4. ↑ "Sikkim CM wants BJP chief to step in". The Times of India.
  5. ↑ "Amit Shah holds meeting with northeast CMS, forms alliance". 25 May 2016.
  6. ↑ BJP now main opposition party in Sikkim even without winning a single seat[permanent dead link]
  7. ↑ 10 SDF legislators switch over to BJP
  8. ↑ Ten SDF MLAs join BJP: Sikkim may be headed towards Arunachal Pradesh route, as mass crossovers leave ex-CM in the lurch
  9. ↑ "STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1994 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF SIKKIM". ECI. 1994. Retrieved 18 November 2019.
  10. ↑ "STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1999 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF SIKKIM". ECI. 1999. Retrieved 25 November 2019.
  11. ↑ "STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 2004 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF SIKKIM". ECI. 2004. Retrieved 18 November 2019.
  12. ↑ "STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 2009 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF SIKKIM". ECI. 2009. Retrieved 31 October 2019.
  13. ↑ "SDF's Binod Rai wins by securing 4930 votes". The Sikkim Times. 25 October 2019. Retrieved 2 November 2019.
  14. ↑ "STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 2014 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF SIKKIM". ECI. 2014. Retrieved 25 November 2019.
  15. ↑ "Bye Election Result 2014: Sikkim Rangang-Yangang-15". ECI. 2014. Retrieved 26 November 2019.
  16. ↑ "Bye Election Result 2017: Sikkim 28- Upper Burtuk (AC)". ECI. 2018. Retrieved 18 November 2019.
  17. ↑ "SKM ends Chamling's 25-year rule". FRONTLINE. 7 June 2019. Retrieved 26 November 2019.
  18. ↑ "Final result of Poklok-Kamrang bye-poll". Sikkim Express (Facebook). 25 October 2019. Archived from the original on 26 February 2022. Retrieved 22 November 2019.
  19. ↑ "Final result of Martam-Rumtek bye-poll". Sikkim Express (Facebook). 25 October 2019. Archived from the original on 26 February 2022. Retrieved 19 November 2019.
  20. ↑ "Final result of Gangtok bye-poll". Sikkim Express (Facebook). 25 October 2019. Archived from the original on 26 February 2022. Retrieved 22 November 2019.
  21. ↑ "Statistical Report on General Elections, 1996 to the Eleventh Lok Sabha" (PDF). Election Commission of India. p. 385. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 July 2014. Retrieved 30 April 2014.
  22. ↑ "Statistical Report on General Elections, 1998 to the Twelfth Lok Sabha" (PDF). Election Commission of India. p. 233. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 July 2014. Retrieved 30 April 2014.
  23. ↑ "Statistical Report on General Elections, 1999 to the Thirteenth Lok Sabha" (PDF). Election Commission of India. p. 224. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 July 2014. Retrieved 30 April 2014.
  24. ↑ "Statistical Report on General Elections, 2004 to the Fourteenth Lok Sabha" (PDF). Election Commission of India. p. 281. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 July 2014. Retrieved 30 April 2014.
  25. ↑ "Constituency Wise Detailed Results" (PDF). Election Commission of India. p. 122. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 August 2014. Retrieved 30 April 2014.
  26. ↑ "Constituencywise-All Candidates". Election Commission of India. Archived from the original on 17 May 2014.
  27. ↑ "Sikkim Lok Sabha Election Results 2019 Live". News 18. 27 May 2019. Retrieved 20 November 2019.
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