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Jammu & Kashmir National Conference: Difference between revisions
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|party_name = Jammu and Kashmir National Conference | |party_name = Jammu and Kashmir National Conference | ||
|abbreviation = JKNC | |abbreviation = JKNC | ||
|logo = | |logo = | ||
|flag = JKNC-flag.svg | |flag = JKNC-flag.svg | ||
|colorcode = {{Jammu & Kashmir National Conference | |colorcode = {{party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}} | ||
|chairman = [[Farooq Abdullah]] (1981–2002 & 2009-till present) | |chairman = [[Farooq Abdullah]] (1981–2002 & 2009-till present) | ||
|foundation = {{Start date and years ago|df=yes|p=y|1932|10|15}}{{sfn|Zutshi, Languages of Belonging|2004|loc=Chapter 5}} | |foundation = {{Start date and years ago|df=yes|p=y|1932|10|15}}{{sfn|Zutshi, Languages of Belonging|2004|loc=Chapter 5}} | ||
|merger = [[All Jammu and Kashmir Plebiscite Front]] | |merger = [[All Jammu and Kashmir Plebiscite Front]] | ||
|headquarters = Nawa-e-sueb [[Srinagar]], [[Jammu and Kashmir ( | |headquarters = Nawa-e-sueb [[Srinagar]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], [[India]] | ||
|eci = State Party<ref>{{cite web|title=List of Political Parties and Election Symbols main Notification Dated 18.01.2013|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/ElectoralLaws/OrdersNotifications/ElecSym19012013_eng.pdf|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=9 May 2013|location=India|year=2013}}</ref> | |eci = State Party<ref>{{cite web|title=List of Political Parties and Election Symbols main Notification Dated 18.01.2013|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/ElectoralLaws/OrdersNotifications/ElecSym19012013_eng.pdf|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=9 May 2013|location=India|year=2013}}</ref> | ||
|alliance = | |alliance = | ||
*[[People's Alliance for Gupkar Declaration]] (2019-present) (State Level) | *[[People's Alliance for Gupkar Declaration]] (2019-present) (State Level) | ||
*[[United Progressive Alliance]] (2004-2014, 2019-Present) (National Level) | *[[United Progressive Alliance]] (2004-2014, 2019-Present) (National Level) | ||
|loksabha_seats = {{Composition bar|3|543|hex={{Jammu & Kashmir National Conference | |loksabha_seats = {{Composition bar|3|543|hex={{party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}}} | ||
|rajyasabha_seats = {{Composition bar|0|245|hex={{Jammu & Kashmir National Conference | |rajyasabha_seats = {{Composition bar|0|245|hex={{party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}}} | ||
|no_states = {{Composition bar|0|31|hex={{Jammu & Kashmir National Conference | |no_states = {{Composition bar|0|31|hex={{party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}}} | ||
|state2_seats_name = [[District Development Council]] | |state2_seats_name = [[District Development Council]] | ||
|state2_seats = | |state2_seats = | ||
{{Composition bar|67|280|hex=Red}} | {{Composition bar|67|280|hex=Red}} | ||
|ideology = [[Kashmiriyat]]<br/> | |ideology = [[Kashmiriyat]]<br/> Autonomy of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] <br/> [[Secularism]] | ||
|publication = | |publication = | ||
|youth = Youth National Conference | |youth = Youth National Conference | ||
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|website = [http://www.jknc.in www.jknc.in] | |website = [http://www.jknc.in www.jknc.in] | ||
|symbol = [[File:Indian Election Symbol Plough.png|160px]] | |symbol = [[File:Indian Election Symbol Plough.png|160px]] | ||
|state_seats={{Composition bar|0|90|hex={{Jammu & Kashmir National Conference | |state_seats={{Composition bar|0|90|hex={{party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}}}|state_seats_name=[[Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly]]}} | ||
The '''Jammu & Kashmir National Conference''' ('''JKNC''') is a regional political party in the [[India]]n [[States and union territories of India|union territories]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] and [[Ladakh]]. Founded as the ''All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference'' by [[Sheikh Abdullah]] and [[Chaudhry Ghulam Abbas]] in 1932 in the [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|princely state of Jammu and Kashmir]], the organisation renamed itself to "National Conference" in 1939 in order to represent all the people of the state. It supported the accession of the princely state to India in 1947. Prior to that, in 1941, a group led by Ghulam Abbas broke off from the National Conference and revived the old Muslim Conference. The revived Muslim Conference supported the accession of the princely state to Pakistan and led the movement for [[Azad Kashmir]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Chaku |first1=Arjan Nath |last2=Chaku |first2=Inder K |title=The Kashmir story : through the ages |year=2016 |publisher=Vitasta Publishing Pvt. Ltd |location=New Delhi |isbn=9789382711759}}</ref> | The '''Jammu & Kashmir National Conference''' ('''JKNC''') is a regional political party in the [[India]]n [[States and union territories of India|union territories]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] and [[Ladakh]]. Founded as the ''All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference'' by [[Sheikh Abdullah]] and [[Chaudhry Ghulam Abbas]] in 1932 in the [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|princely state of Jammu and Kashmir]], the organisation renamed itself to "National Conference" in 1939 in order to represent all the people of the state. It supported the accession of the princely state to India in 1947. Prior to that, in 1941, a group led by Ghulam Abbas broke off from the National Conference and revived the old Muslim Conference. The revived Muslim Conference supported the accession of the princely state to Pakistan and led the movement for [[Azad Kashmir]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Chaku |first1=Arjan Nath |last2=Chaku |first2=Inder K |title=The Kashmir story : through the ages |year=2016 |publisher=Vitasta Publishing Pvt. Ltd |location=New Delhi |isbn=9789382711759}}</ref> | ||
Since 1947, the National Conference was in power in Jammu and Kashmir in one form or another till 2002, and again between 2009 and 2015. It implemented land reforms in the state, ensured the state's autonomy under the [[Article 370]] of the Indian Constitution, and formulated a separate [[Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir]] in 1957. Sheikh Abdullah's son [[Farooq Abdullah]] (1981–2002, 2009–present) and grandson [[Omar Abdullah]] (2002–2009) have led the party after Sheikh Abdullah's death. The party is a member of the [[People's Alliance for Gupkar Declaration]] electoral alliance. | Since 1947, the National Conference was in power in Jammu and Kashmir in one form or another till 2002, and again between 2009 and 2015. It implemented land reforms in the state, ensured the state's autonomy under the [[Article 370]] of the Indian Constitution, and formulated a separate [[Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir]] in 1957. Sheikh Abdullah's son [[Farooq Abdullah]] (1981–2002, 2009–present) and grandson [[Omar Abdullah]] (2002–2009) have led the party after Sheikh Abdullah's death. The party is a member of the [[People's Alliance for Gupkar Declaration]] electoral alliance. | ||
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===1996 onwards=== | ===1996 onwards=== | ||
In [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] state assembly elections in 1996, the JKNC led by Abdullah was awarded the election yet again winning 57 seats out of a total 87. This election like its predecessors has been deemed to be rigged and Abdullah stepped down in 2000. His son, Omar Abdullah then took up the reins of power in the state. But in 2002 state assembly elections, the JKNC won only 28 seats, with the [[Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party]] (PDP) emerging in the Kashmir Valley as a contender for power. In the December 2008 state assembly elections, no single party was able to get the majority. The JKNC led by Farooq's son [[Omar Abdullah]] emerged as a single largest party, winning 28 seats. After the elections, on 30 December 2008 the JKNC formed an alliance with the INC which had won 17 seats.<ref name="dna14">{{cite news|title=Congress divorces National Conference after five and half years of marriage|publisher=dna|date=21 July 2014|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-congress-divorces-national-conference-after-five-and-half-years-of-marriage-2003817|access-date=25 December 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/StoryPage.aspx?sectionName=HomePage&id=364fa2c1-4df4-4512-a343-d8f333beadea&&Headline=Omar+to+lead%2c+with+Congress+deputy|title=Omar Abdullah to be next chief minister of Jammu and Kashmir|author=Nagi, Saroj|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=30 December 2008|access-date=2 January 2009}}</ref> Omar Abdullah became the Chief Minister of this [[coalition government]] on 5 January 2009.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/000200901051606.htm |title=Omar Abdullah takes oath as Chief Minister of J&K |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=5 January 2009 |access-date=5 January 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090221115916/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/000200901051606.htm |archive-date=21 February 2009 }}</ref> | In [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] state assembly elections in 1996, the JKNC led by Abdullah was awarded the election yet again winning 57 seats out of a total 87. This election like its predecessors has been deemed to be rigged and Abdullah stepped down in 2000. His son, Omar Abdullah then took up the reins of power in the state. But in 2002 state assembly elections, the JKNC won only 28 seats, with the [[Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party]] (PDP) emerging in the Kashmir Valley as a contender for power. In the December 2008 state assembly elections, no single party was able to get the majority. The JKNC led by Farooq's son [[Omar Abdullah]] emerged as a single largest party, winning 28 seats. After the elections, on 30 December 2008 the JKNC formed an alliance with the INC which had won 17 seats.<ref name="dna14">{{cite news|title=Congress divorces National Conference after five and half years of marriage|publisher=dna|date=21 July 2014|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-congress-divorces-national-conference-after-five-and-half-years-of-marriage-2003817|access-date=25 December 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/StoryPage.aspx?sectionName=HomePage&id=364fa2c1-4df4-4512-a343-d8f333beadea&&Headline=Omar+to+lead%2c+with+Congress+deputy|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081231110444/http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/StoryPage.aspx?sectionName=HomePage&id=364fa2c1-4df4-4512-a343-d8f333beadea&&Headline=Omar+to+lead%2C+with+Congress+deputy|url-status=dead|archive-date=31 December 2008|title=Omar Abdullah to be next chief minister of Jammu and Kashmir|author=Nagi, Saroj|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=30 December 2008|access-date=2 January 2009}}</ref> Omar Abdullah became the Chief Minister of this [[coalition government]] on 5 January 2009.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/000200901051606.htm |title=Omar Abdullah takes oath as Chief Minister of J&K |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=5 January 2009 |access-date=5 January 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090221115916/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/000200901051606.htm |archive-date=21 February 2009 }}</ref> | ||
JKNC and INC contested [[2009 Indian general election|2009 general election]] in alliance. INC won all the two seats of Jammu region but lost Ladakh seat to NC rebel who contested as an independent candidate. NC won all the three seats of the [[Kashmir Valley]] in 2009.<ref name="dna14"/> | JKNC and INC contested [[2009 Indian general election|2009 general election]] in alliance. INC won all the two seats of Jammu region but lost Ladakh seat to NC rebel who contested as an independent candidate. NC won all the three seats of the [[Kashmir Valley]] in 2009.<ref name="dna14"/> | ||
During this period the JKNC has experienced increasing controversies over the Accession of Kashmir to India. Protests against the government in 2010 when approximately 100 protesters (one as young as 11) were killed as the result of live ammunition being fired by state paramilitary forces.<ref name="Kashmir protests to intensify">{{cite web|url=http://www.english.rfi.fr/africa/20100831-protests-intensify-after-11-year-old-killed |title=Kashmir protests to intensify after 11-year-old killed|date=18 September 2010|publisher=RFI English|access-date=18 September 2010}}</ref><ref name="Death toll 100 in Kashmir demonstrations">{{cite web|url=http://www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2010/09/18/Death-toll-100-in-Kashmir-demonstrations/UPI-20921284814518/|title=Death toll 100 in Kashmir demonstrations|date=18 September 2010| | During this period the JKNC has experienced increasing controversies over the Accession of Kashmir to India. Protests against the government in 2010 when approximately 100 protesters (one as young as 11) were killed as the result of live ammunition being fired by state paramilitary forces.<ref name="Kashmir protests to intensify">{{cite web|url=http://www.english.rfi.fr/africa/20100831-protests-intensify-after-11-year-old-killed |title=Kashmir protests to intensify after 11-year-old killed|date=18 September 2010|publisher=RFI English|access-date=18 September 2010}}</ref><ref name="Death toll 100 in Kashmir demonstrations">{{cite web|url=http://www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2010/09/18/Death-toll-100-in-Kashmir-demonstrations/UPI-20921284814518/|title=Death toll 100 in Kashmir demonstrations|date=18 September 2010|work=United Press International|access-date=18 September 2010}}</ref> A torture scandal was exposed by the [[WikiLeaks]], revelations which were subsequently aired on [[Channel 4]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.channel4.com/programmes/kashmirs-torture-trail|title=Kashmir's Torture Trail|access-date=27 September 2013|publisher=Channel 4|date=11 July 2012}}</ref> | ||
In the [[2014 Indian general election|2014 general election]], the NC contested the election in an alliance with [[Indian National Congress]] but did not win a single seat. Out of six seats in the state, PDP and [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) won three each.<ref name="dna14"/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://m.economictimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/after-poor-lok-sabha-performance-national-conference-trying-to-boost-image-ahead-of-assembly-elections/articleshow/36168157.cms|title=After poor Lok Sabha performance, National Conference trying to boost image ahead of assembly elections|date=7 June 2014|first=Masood |last=Hussain|access-date=8 June 2014|work=The Economic Times}}</ref> | In the [[2014 Indian general election|2014 general election]], the NC contested the election in an alliance with [[Indian National Congress]] but did not win a single seat. Out of six seats in the state, PDP and [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) won three each.<ref name="dna14"/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://m.economictimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/after-poor-lok-sabha-performance-national-conference-trying-to-boost-image-ahead-of-assembly-elections/articleshow/36168157.cms|title=After poor Lok Sabha performance, National Conference trying to boost image ahead of assembly elections|date=7 June 2014|first=Masood |last=Hussain|access-date=8 June 2014|work=The Economic Times}}</ref> | ||
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{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" | {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" | ||
! colspan="11" |Prime Ministers of Jammu and Kashmir | ! colspan="11" |Prime Ministers of Jammu and Kashmir | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan=2 scope=col| | ! rowspan=2 scope=col| №{{efn|A parenthetical number indicates that the incumbent has previously held office.}} | ||
! rowspan=2 scope=col| Name | ! rowspan=2 scope=col| Name | ||
! rowspan=2 scope=col| Portrait | ! rowspan=2 scope=col| Portrait | ||
| Line 69: | Line 69: | ||
! rowspan=2 scope=col colspan=2| Party{{efn|name=party|This column only names the chief minister's party. The state government he headed may have been a complex coalition of several parties and independents; these are not listed here.}} | ! rowspan=2 scope=col colspan=2| Party{{efn|name=party|This column only names the chief minister's party. The state government he headed may have been a complex coalition of several parties and independents; these are not listed here.}} | ||
! rowspan=2| Assembly | ! rowspan=2| Assembly | ||
! rowspan="2" |Appointer | ! rowspan="2" |Appointer<br/><small>(Sadr-e-Riyasat)</small> | ||
<small>(Sadr-e-Riyasat)</small> | |||
|- | |- | ||
| rowspan=2|1 | | rowspan=2|1 | ||
| Line 76: | Line 75: | ||
| rowspan=2|[[File:Sheikh Abdullah 1988 stamp of India.jpg|100px]] | | rowspan=2|[[File:Sheikh Abdullah 1988 stamp of India.jpg|100px]] | ||
| rowspan=2|{{dash}} | | rowspan=2|{{dash}} | ||
| 5 March 1948 | | {{dts|5 March 1948}} | ||
| 31 October 1951 | | {{dts|31 October 1951}} | ||
| {{age in years and days|1948|3|5|1951|10|31}} | | {{age in years and days|1948|3|5|1951|10|31}} | ||
|width="4px" rowspan=6 style="background-color: {{party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}" | | |||
|width="4px" rowspan=6 style="background-color: {{Jammu & Kashmir National Conference | |rowspan=6| National Conference | ||
| rowspan= | | Interim Government | ||
| rowspan="2" |[[Hari Singh|Maharaja Hari Singh]] | | rowspan="2" |[[Hari Singh|Maharaja Hari Singh]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 31 October 1951 | | {{dts|31 October 1951}} | ||
| 9 August 1953 | | {{dts|9 August 1953}} | ||
| {{age in years and days|1951|10|31|1953|8|9}} | | {{age in years and days|1951|10|31|1953|8|9}} | ||
| rowspan=2|1st Assembly | | rowspan=2|1st Assembly<br/>{{small|([[1951 Jammu and Kashmir Constituent Assembly election|1951 election]])}} | ||
{{small|([[1951 Jammu and Kashmir Constituent Assembly election|1951 election]])}} | |- | ||
|- | |||
| rowspan=3|3 | | rowspan=3|3 | ||
| rowspan=3|[[Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad]] | | rowspan=3|[[Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad]] | ||
| rowspan=3| | | rowspan=3| | ||
| rowspan=3| [[Safa Kadal (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Safa Kadal]] | | rowspan=3| [[Safa Kadal (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Safa Kadal]] | ||
| 9 August 1953 | | {{dts|9 August 1953}} | ||
| 25 March 1957 | | {{dts|25 March 1957}} | ||
| {{age in years and days|1953|8|9|1957|3|25}} | | {{age in years and days|1953|8|9|1957|3|25}} | ||
| rowspan="5" |[[Karan Singh|Maharaja Karan Singh]] | | rowspan="5" |[[Karan Singh|Maharaja Karan Singh]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 25 March 1957 | | {{dts|25 March 1957}} | ||
| 18 February 1962 | | {{dts|18 February 1962}} | ||
| {{age in years and days|1957|3|25|1962|2|18}} | | {{age in years and days|1957|3|25|1962|2|18}} | ||
| 2nd Assembly | | 2nd Assembly<br/>{{small|([[1957 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1957 election]])}} | ||
{{small|([[1957 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1957 election]])}} | |- | ||
| {{dts|18 February 1962}} | |||
|- | | {{dts|12 October 1963}} | ||
| 18 February 1962 | |||
| 12 October 1963 | |||
| {{age in years and days|1962|2|18|1963|12|12}} | | {{age in years and days|1962|2|18|1963|12|12}} | ||
| rowspan=3|3rd Assembly | | rowspan=3|3rd Assembly<br/>{{small|([[1962 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1962 election]])}} | ||
{{small|([[1962 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1962 election]])}} | |- | ||
|- | |||
| 4 | | 4 | ||
| [[Khwaja Shamsuddin]] | | [[Khwaja Shamsuddin]] | ||
| | | | ||
| [[Anantnag (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Anantnag]] | | [[Anantnag (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Anantnag]] | ||
| 12 October 1963 | | {{dts|12 October 1963}} | ||
| 29 February 1964 | | {{dts|29 February 1964}} | ||
| {{age in years and days|1963|10|12|1964|2|29}} | | {{age in years and days|1963|10|12|1964|2|29}} | ||
|- | |||
|} | |||
== Chief Ministers of the state of Jammu and Kashmir == | == Chief Ministers of the state of Jammu and Kashmir == | ||
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" | {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" | ||
! colspan="11" |Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir | ! colspan="11" |Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan=" | ! rowspan="2" |№{{efn|A parenthetical number indicates that the incumbent has previously held office.}} | ||
! rowspan=" | ! rowspan="2" |Name | ||
! rowspan=" | ! rowspan="2" |Portrait | ||
! rowspan=" | ! rowspan="2" |Constituency | ||
! colspan="3 | ! colspan="3" |Tenure<ref name="list"/> | ||
! colspan="2" rowspan=2 | Party{{efn|name=party|This column only names the chief minister's party. The state government he headed may have been a complex coalition of several parties and independents; these are not listed here.}} | |||
! rowspan="2" |Assembly | |||
! rowspan="2" |Appointer<br/><small>(Governor)</small> | |||
! colspan="2" rowspan= | |||
|- | |- | ||
! From | ! From | ||
! To | ! To | ||
! Days in office | ! Days in office | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 1 | | 1 | ||
| [[Sheikh Abdullah]] | | rowspan=2|[[Sheikh Abdullah]] | ||
| [[File:Sheikh Abdullah 1988 stamp of India.jpg|100px]] | | rowspan=2|[[File:Sheikh Abdullah 1988 stamp of India.jpg|100px]] | ||
| [[Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Council|MLC]] | | [[Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Council|MLC]] | ||
| 25 February 1975 | | {{dts|25 February 1975}} | ||
| 26 March 1977 | | {{dts|26 March 1977}} | ||
| {{age in years and days|1975|2|25|1977|3|26}} | | {{age in years and days|1975|2|25|1977|3|26}} | ||
| | | style="background-color: {{party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}" | | ||
| National Conference<ref>{{citation |last=Schofield |first=Victoria |author-link=Victoria Schofield |title=Kashmir in Conflict |publisher=I. B. Taurus & Co |location=London and New York |year=2003 |orig-year=First published in 2000 |isbn=1860648983 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rkTetMfI6QkC |page=123}}</ref> | |||
| rowspan=1| 5th Assembly | | rowspan=1| 5th Assembly | ||
|[[Lakshmi Kant Jha]] | |[[Lakshmi Kant Jha]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 2 | | 2 | ||
| [[Ganderbal (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Ganderbal]] | | [[Ganderbal (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Ganderbal]] | ||
| {{dts|9 July 1977}} | |||
| 9 July 1977 | | {{dts|8 September 1982}} | ||
| 8 September 1982 | |||
| {{age in years and days|1977|7|9|1982|9|8}} | | {{age in years and days|1977|7|9|1982|9|8}} | ||
| | | rowspan=3 style="background-color: {{party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}" | | ||
| rowspan=3| National Conference | |||
| rowspan=2| 6th Assembly | | rowspan=2| 6th Assembly<br/>{{small|([[1977 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1977 election]])}} | ||
{{small|([[1977 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1977 election]])}} | |||
|[[Lakshmi Kant Jha]] | |[[Lakshmi Kant Jha]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| rowspan=2|3 | | rowspan=2|3 | ||
| rowspan= | | rowspan=5|[[Farooq Abdullah]] | ||
| rowspan= | | rowspan=5| | ||
| rowspan= | | rowspan=5|[[Ganderbal (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Ganderbal]] | ||
| 8 September 1982 | | {{dts|8 September 1982}} | ||
| 24 November 1983 | | {{dts|24 November 1983}} | ||
| {{age in years and days|1982|9|8|1983|11|24}} | | {{age in years and days|1982|9|8|1983|11|24}} | ||
| rowspan="2" |[[Braj Kumar | | rowspan="2" |[[Braj Kumar Nehru]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 24 November 1983 | | {{dts|24 November 1983 }} | ||
| 2 July 1984 | | {{dts|2 July 1984}} | ||
| {{age in years and days|1983|11|24|1984|7|2}} | | {{age in years and days|1983|11|24|1984|7|2}} | ||
| rowspan=2| 7th Assembly | | rowspan=2| 7th Assembly<br/>{{small|([[1983 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1983 election]])}} | ||
{{small|([[1983 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1983 election]])}} | |- | ||
|- | |||
| rowspan=2|4 | | rowspan=2|4 | ||
| | | {{dts|7 November 1986}} | ||
| {{dts|23 March 1987}} | |||
| 7 November 1986 | |||
| 23 March 1987 | |||
| {{age in years and days|1986|11|7|1987|3|23}} | | {{age in years and days|1986|11|7|1987|3|23}} | ||
| | | rowspan=2 style="background-color: {{party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}" | | ||
| rowspan=2|National Conference | |||
| rowspan="2" |[[Jagmohan]] | | rowspan="2" |[[Jagmohan]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 23 March 1987 | | {{dts|23 March 1987}} | ||
| 19 January 1990 | | {{dts|19 January 1990}} | ||
| {{age in years and days|1987|3|23|1990|1|19}} | | {{age in years and days|1987|3|23|1990|1|19}} | ||
| 8th Assembly | | 8th Assembly<br/>{{small|([[1987 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1987 election]])}} | ||
{{small|([[1987 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1987 election]])}} | |- | ||
|- | |||
| 5 | | 5 | ||
| | | {{dts|9 October 1996}} | ||
| {{dts|18 October 2002}} | |||
| 9 October 1996 | |||
| 18 October 2002 | |||
| {{age in years and days|1996|10|9|2002|10|18}} | | {{age in years and days|1996|10|9|2002|10|18}} | ||
| | | style="background-color: {{party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}" | | ||
| National Conference | |||
| 9th Assembly<br />{{small|[[1996 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|(1996 election)]]}} | | 9th Assembly<br />{{small|[[1996 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|(1996 election)]]}} | ||
| | |[[K. V. Krishna Rao]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 6 | | 6 | ||
| [[Omar Abdullah]] | | [[Omar Abdullah]] | ||
| [[File:Omar Abdullah (cropped).jpg|100px]] | | [[File:Omar Abdullah (cropped).jpg|100px]] | ||
| [[Ganderbal (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Ganderbal]] | | [[Ganderbal (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Ganderbal]] | ||
| 5 January 2009 | | {{dts|5 January 2009}} | ||
| 8 January 2015 | | {{dts|8 January 2015}} | ||
| {{age in years and days|2009|1|5|2015|1|8}} | | {{age in years and days|2009|1|5|2015|1|8}} | ||
| | | style="background-color: {{party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}" | | ||
| National Conference | |||
| 11th Assembly<br />{{small|[[2008 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|(2008 election)]]}} | | 11th Assembly<br />{{small|[[2008 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|(2008 election)]]}} | ||
|[[Narinder Nath Vohra]] | |[[Narinder Nath Vohra]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
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| 9 August 1953 | | 9 August 1953 | ||
| {{age in years and days|1948|03|05|1953|07|09}} | | {{age in years and days|1948|03|05|1953|07|09}} | ||
| bgcolor=#FF0000| || | | bgcolor=#FF0000| ||Jammu & Kashmir National Conference | ||
|- | |- | ||
!colspan=6|Deputy Chief Ministers of the State of Jammu and Kashmir | !colspan=6|Deputy Chief Ministers of the State of Jammu and Kashmir | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 2 | | 2 | ||
| [[Mirza | | [[Mirza Afzal Beg]] | ||
| 1974 | | 1974 | ||
| 1977 | | 1977 | ||
| {{age in years|1974|1977}} | | {{age in years|1974|1977}} | ||
| bgcolor=#FF0000| || | | bgcolor=#FF0000| ||Jammu & Kashmir National Conference | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 3 | | 3 | ||
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| 6 March 1986 | | 6 March 1986 | ||
| {{age in years and days|1984|07|02|1986|03|6}} | | {{age in years and days|1984|07|02|1986|03|6}} | ||
| bgcolor=#FF0000| || | | bgcolor=#FF0000| ||Jammu & Kashmir National Conference | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
* [[Politics of Jammu and Kashmir]] | * [[Politics of Jammu and Kashmir]] | ||
Latest revision as of 00:59, 6 January 2022
 | This article includes a list of general references, but it remains largely unverified because it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (November 2016) |
Jammu and Kashmir National Conference | |
|---|---|
| Abbreviation | JKNC |
| Chairperson | Farooq Abdullah (1981–2002 & 2009-till present) |
| Founded | 15 October 1932[1] |
| Merger of | All Jammu and Kashmir Plebiscite Front |
| Headquarters | Nawa-e-sueb Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India |
| Student wing | National Conference Students' Union |
| Youth wing | Youth National Conference |
| Ideology | Kashmiriyat Autonomy of Jammu and Kashmir Secularism |
| ECI Status | State Party[2] |
| Alliance |
|
| Seats in Lok Sabha | 3 / 543 |
| Seats in Rajya Sabha | 0 / 245 |
| Seats in Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly | 0 / 90 |
| Seats in District Development Council | 67 / 280 |
| Number of states and union territories in government | 0 / 31 |
| Election symbol | |
 | |
| Party flag | |
.svg) | |
| Website | |
| www.jknc.in | |
The Jammu & Kashmir National Conference (JKNC) is a regional political party in the Indian union territories of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh. Founded as the All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference by Sheikh Abdullah and Chaudhry Ghulam Abbas in 1932 in the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir, the organisation renamed itself to "National Conference" in 1939 in order to represent all the people of the state. It supported the accession of the princely state to India in 1947. Prior to that, in 1941, a group led by Ghulam Abbas broke off from the National Conference and revived the old Muslim Conference. The revived Muslim Conference supported the accession of the princely state to Pakistan and led the movement for Azad Kashmir.[3]
Since 1947, the National Conference was in power in Jammu and Kashmir in one form or another till 2002, and again between 2009 and 2015. It implemented land reforms in the state, ensured the state's autonomy under the Article 370 of the Indian Constitution, and formulated a separate Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir in 1957. Sheikh Abdullah's son Farooq Abdullah (1981–2002, 2009–present) and grandson Omar Abdullah (2002–2009) have led the party after Sheikh Abdullah's death. The party is a member of the People's Alliance for Gupkar Declaration electoral alliance.
History[edit]
The pre-independence period[edit]
In October 1932, Sheikh Abdullah founded the All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference in collaboration with Mirwaiz Yusuf Shah and Chaudhry Ghulam Abbas. On 11 June 1939 it was renamed as the All Jammu and Kashmir National Conference. The National Conference was affiliated to the All India States Peoples Conference. Sheikh Abdullah was elected its president in 1947. In 1946, the National Conference launched an intensive agitation against the state government. It was directed against the Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir, Hari Singh. The slogan of the agitation was "Quit Kashmir".
The post-independence period[edit]
In the elections held in September 1951, National Conference won all 75 seats of the Constituent assembly of Jammu and Kashmir. Sheikh Abdullah remained prime minister until his dismissal in August 1953 on the grounds of conspiracy against the state of India. Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad became prime minister of the state, and Sheikh Abdullah was arrested on 9 August 1953.
In 1965 the National Conference merged with the Indian National Congress (INC) and became the Jammu and Kashmir branch of the Indian National Congress. Sheikh Abdullah was again arrested in 1965 until 1968 for conspiracy against the state. Sheikh Abdullah's splinter Plebiscite Front faction later appropriated the name of the original party when Abdullah was allowed to return to power in February 1975 after striking a deal with the central government. In 1977, the National Conference he led won the state assembly elections, and Sheikh Abdullah became chief minister. His son Farooq Abdullah succeeded him as the chief minister on his death on 8 September 1982. In June 1983 elections, the JKNC, led by Farooq Abdullah, again won a comfortable majority.
In July 1984 Farooq's brother-in-law Ghulam Mohammad Shah split the party. Acting on the behest of the central government, the Governor dismissed Farooq as chief minister and replaced him with Ghulam Mohammad Shah. His government was dismissed in March 1986 and Presidential rule was imposed. In the contested state assembly elections of 1987, the JKNC formed an alliance with the INC, and was declared to have won a majority. Farooq Abdullah again became chief minister and on Abdullah's watch an insurgency against the State government and India began. Abdullah was dismissed again in 1990 by the Union Government and Presidential rule was imposed in the state.[4] In 1991 the state elections were cancelled due to a revolt by the people.
1996 onwards[edit]
In Jammu and Kashmir state assembly elections in 1996, the JKNC led by Abdullah was awarded the election yet again winning 57 seats out of a total 87. This election like its predecessors has been deemed to be rigged and Abdullah stepped down in 2000. His son, Omar Abdullah then took up the reins of power in the state. But in 2002 state assembly elections, the JKNC won only 28 seats, with the Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party (PDP) emerging in the Kashmir Valley as a contender for power. In the December 2008 state assembly elections, no single party was able to get the majority. The JKNC led by Farooq's son Omar Abdullah emerged as a single largest party, winning 28 seats. After the elections, on 30 December 2008 the JKNC formed an alliance with the INC which had won 17 seats.[5][6] Omar Abdullah became the Chief Minister of this coalition government on 5 January 2009.[7]
JKNC and INC contested 2009 general election in alliance. INC won all the two seats of Jammu region but lost Ladakh seat to NC rebel who contested as an independent candidate. NC won all the three seats of the Kashmir Valley in 2009.[5]
During this period the JKNC has experienced increasing controversies over the Accession of Kashmir to India. Protests against the government in 2010 when approximately 100 protesters (one as young as 11) were killed as the result of live ammunition being fired by state paramilitary forces.[8][9] A torture scandal was exposed by the WikiLeaks, revelations which were subsequently aired on Channel 4.[10]
In the 2014 general election, the NC contested the election in an alliance with Indian National Congress but did not win a single seat. Out of six seats in the state, PDP and Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) won three each.[5][11]
During 2014 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election, INC broke its alliance with JKNC.[5] JKNC contested all the assembly seats but won only 15 seats, a decrease of 13 seats. PDP won 28 seats and became the largest party in the assembly followed by BJP winning 25 seats.[12] Omar Abdullah resigned as a chief minister on 24 December 2014.[13]
Prime Ministers of Jammu and Kashmir[edit]
| Prime Ministers of Jammu and Kashmir | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| №[lower-alpha 1] | Name | Portrait | Constituency | Tenure[14] | Party[lower-alpha 2] | Assembly | Appointer (Sadr-e-Riyasat) | |||
| 1 | Sheikh Abdullah | 
|
– | 5 March 1948 | 31 October 1951 | 3 years, 240 days | National Conference | Interim Government | Maharaja Hari Singh | |
| 31 October 1951 | 9 August 1953 | 1 year, 282 days | 1st Assembly (1951 election) | |||||||
| 3 | Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad | Safa Kadal | 9 August 1953 | 25 March 1957 | 3 years, 228 days | Maharaja Karan Singh | ||||
| 25 March 1957 | 18 February 1962 | 4 years, 330 days | 2nd Assembly (1957 election) | |||||||
| 18 February 1962 | 12 October 1963 | 1 year, 297 days | 3rd Assembly (1962 election) | |||||||
| 4 | Khwaja Shamsuddin | Anantnag | 12 October 1963 | 29 February 1964 | 140 days | |||||
Chief Ministers of the state of Jammu and Kashmir[edit]
| Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| №[lower-alpha 3] | Name | Portrait | Constituency | Tenure[14] | Party[lower-alpha 2] | Assembly | Appointer (Governor) | |||
| From | To | Days in office | ||||||||
| 1 | Sheikh Abdullah |
|
MLC | 25 February 1975 | 26 March 1977 | 2 years, 29 days | National Conference[15] | 5th Assembly | Lakshmi Kant Jha | |
| 2 | Ganderbal | 9 July 1977 | 8 September 1982 | 5 years, 61 days | National Conference | 6th Assembly (1977 election) |
Lakshmi Kant Jha | |||
| 3 | Farooq Abdullah | Ganderbal | 8 September 1982 | 24 November 1983 | 1 year, 77 days | Braj Kumar Nehru | ||||
| 24 November 1983 | 2 July 1984 | 221 days | 7th Assembly (1983 election) | |||||||
| 4 | 7 November 1986 | 23 March 1987 | 136 days | National Conference | Jagmohan | |||||
| 23 March 1987 | 19 January 1990 | 2 years, 302 days | 8th Assembly (1987 election) | |||||||
| 5 | 9 October 1996 | 18 October 2002 | 6 years, 9 days | National Conference | 9th Assembly (1996 election) |
K. V. Krishna Rao | ||||
| 6 | Omar Abdullah | .jpg)
|
Ganderbal | 5 January 2009 | 8 January 2015 | 6 years, 3 days | National Conference | 11th Assembly (2008 election) |
Narinder Nath Vohra | |
Deputy Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir[edit]
| Sr. No. | Name | Took office | Left office | Tenure | Political Party | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Deputy Prime Minister of the State of Jammu and Kashmir | ||||||
| 1 | Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad | 5 March 1948 | 9 August 1953 | 5 years, 126 days | Jammu & Kashmir National Conference | |
| Deputy Chief Ministers of the State of Jammu and Kashmir | ||||||
| 2 | Mirza Afzal Beg | 1974 | 1977 | 2–3 | Jammu & Kashmir National Conference | |
| 3 | Devi Das Thakur | 2 July 1984 | 6 March 1986 | 1 year, 247 days | Jammu & Kashmir National Conference | |
See also[edit]
- Politics of Jammu and Kashmir
- Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party
- Jammu and Kashmir Apni Party
- Jammu and Kashmir Workers Party
- Ikkjutt Jammu
- Bharatiya Janata Party
- Indian National Congress
- Jammu and Kashmir People's Conference
Notes[edit]
- ↑ A parenthetical number indicates that the incumbent has previously held office.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 This column only names the chief minister's party. The state government he headed may have been a complex coalition of several parties and independents; these are not listed here.
- ↑ A parenthetical number indicates that the incumbent has previously held office.
References[edit]
- ↑ Zutshi, Languages of Belonging 2004, Chapter 5.
- ↑ "List of Political Parties and Election Symbols main Notification Dated 18.01.2013" (PDF). India: Election Commission of India. 2013. Retrieved 9 May 2013.
- ↑ Chaku, Arjan Nath; Chaku, Inder K (2016). The Kashmir story : through the ages. New Delhi: Vitasta Publishing Pvt. Ltd. ISBN 9789382711759.
- ↑ Chandra, Bipan & others (2000). India after Independence 1947–2000, New Delhi:Penguin Books, ISBN 0-14-027825-7, pp.320–2
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 "Congress divorces National Conference after five and half years of marriage". dna. 21 July 2014. Retrieved 25 December 2014.
- ↑ Nagi, Saroj (30 December 2008). "Omar Abdullah to be next chief minister of Jammu and Kashmir". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 31 December 2008. Retrieved 2 January 2009.
- ↑ "Omar Abdullah takes oath as Chief Minister of J&K". The Hindu. 5 January 2009. Archived from the original on 21 February 2009. Retrieved 5 January 2009.
- ↑ "Kashmir protests to intensify after 11-year-old killed". RFI English. 18 September 2010. Retrieved 18 September 2010.
- ↑ "Death toll 100 in Kashmir demonstrations". United Press International. 18 September 2010. Retrieved 18 September 2010.
- ↑ "Kashmir's Torture Trail". Channel 4. 11 July 2012. Retrieved 27 September 2013.
- ↑ Hussain, Masood (7 June 2014). "After poor Lok Sabha performance, National Conference trying to boost image ahead of assembly elections". The Economic Times. Retrieved 8 June 2014.
- ↑ "2014 Assembly Election Results of Jammu & Kasmir / Jharkhand". Election Commission of India. Archived from the original on 18 December 2014. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
- ↑ "Omar Abdullah resigns as J&K CM, says onus of govt formation on PDP, BJP". The Times of India. 24 December 2014. Retrieved 25 December 2014.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 Prime Ministers and Chief Ministers of Jammu and Kashmir since 1947. General Administration Department, Government of Jammu and Kashmir. Retrieved on 29 April 2014.
- ↑ Schofield, Victoria (2003) [First published in 2000], Kashmir in Conflict, London and New York: I. B. Taurus & Co, p. 123, ISBN 1860648983
Bibliography[edit]
- Bose, Sumantra (2003), Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace, Harvard University Press, ISBN 0-674-01173-2
- Parashar, Parmanand (2004), Kashmir and the Freedom Movement, Sarup & Sons, ISBN 978-81-7625-514-1
- Rai, Mridu (2004), Hindu Rulers, Muslim Subjects: Islam, Rights, and the History of Kashmir, C. Hurst & Co, ISBN 1850656614
- Schofield, Victoria (2003) [First published in 2000], Kashmir in Conflict, London and New York: I. B. Taurus & Co, ISBN 1860648983
- Zutshi, Chitralekha (2004), Languages of Belonging: Islam, Regional Identity, and the Making of Kashmir, C. Hurst & Co. Publishers, ISBN 978-1-85065-700-2
External links[edit]
- Jammu & Kashmir National Conference Party Website
- Chowdhary, Rekha. "Electoral Politics in the Context of Separatism and Political Divergence: An Analysis of 2009 Parliamentary elections in Jammu & Kashmir". South Asia Multidisciplinary Academic Journal, 3, 2009.
