Rulers of the Chera dynasty

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The Rulers of the Chera dynasty can be

Rulers of early historic Chera polity
Medieval Chera rulers
- Chera rulers from Vanchi Karur (Karur)
- Chera rulers from Mahodayapuram (Kodungallur)
- Chera rulers of Thagadur (Dharmapuri)

Rulers of early historic Chera polity[edit | edit source]

A Chera coin with legend "Kuttuvan Kothai"

From early historic inscriptions[edit | edit source]

Ko Athan Chel Irumporai (Chelva Kadungo Vazhi Athan)^[1]
Perum Kadungon (Perum Cheral Irumporai)^[1]
Kadungon Ilam Kadungo (Ilam Cheral Irumporai)^[1]
Kadummiputhra Chera^[1]
Ko Athan (?)^[1]

From early historic coins[edit | edit source]

Makkothai^[1]
Kuttuvan Kothai^[1]
Kolippurai^[1]
Kol-Irumporaiy^[1]

Cheras from early Tamil poems[edit | edit source]

Chera rulers from the decades of Pathitrupathu Collection.

(missing)
Imayavaramban Nedum Cheral Athan^[2]
Palyanai Chel Kezhu Kuttuvan^[2]
Narmudi Cheral^[2]
Chenguttuvan^[2]
Adu Kottu Pattu Cheral Athan^[2]
Chelva Kadungo Vazhi Athan^[2]
Tagadur Erinta Perum Cheral Irumporai^[2]
Kudakko Ilam Cheral Irumporai^[2]
(missing)


Muchiri-Karur branch (around Muchiri)^[2]	Karur branch (Kongu area)^[2]
	Clan or line name: Porai^[2] or Irumporai^[1]
Imayavaramban Nedum Cheral Athan^[2]	Anthuvan^[2]
Palyanai Chel Kezhu Kuttuvan^[2]	Chelva Kadungo Vazhi Athan^[2]	Ko Athan Chel Irumporai^[1]
Narmudi Cheral^[2]	Tagadur Erinta Perum Cheral Irumporai^[2]	Perum Kadungon^[1]
Chenguttuvan^[2]	Kudakko Ilam Cheral Irumporai^[2]	Kadungon Ilam Kadungo^[1]
Adu Kottu Pattu Cheral Athan^[2]

The following Cheras are knowns other early Tamil collections (some of the names are re-duplications).^[3]

Vanavaramban Uthiyan Cheral Athan^[3]
Kudakko Nedum Cheral Athan^[3]
Kadalottiya Vel Kezhu Kuttuvan^[3]
Perum Cheral Athan^[3]
Ko Kothai Marpan^[3]
Cheraman Vanchan^[3]

Anthuvan Cheral Irumporai^[3]
"Yanaikatchai" Mantharam Cheral Irumporai^[3]
Kanaikkal Irumporai^[3]
Kudakko Cheral Irumporai^[3]
Karuvur Eriya Ol-val Ko Perum Cheral Irumporai^[3]
Palai Padiya Perum Kadungo^[3]
Cheraman Ma Vengo^[3]
Kuttuvan Kothai^[3]
Kottambalathu Thunchiya Makkothai^[3]
Kottambalathu Thunchiya Cheraman^[3]
Kadungo Valia Athan^[3]

Medieval Chera rulers[edit | edit source]

Chera rulers from Karur (Kongu Cheras)[edit | edit source]

Ravi Goda ("Ravi")^[4]^[5]
Kantan^[4]^[6]
Kantan Ravi^[7]^[8]
Kantan Vira Narayana^[4]^[8]
Ravi Kantan "Vira Chola" ^[6]^[7]^[4]

Vira Goda^[7]

Vira Chola Kalimurkka^[9]

Kalimurkka Vikrama Chola^[9]

Vira Kerala Amara Bhujanga Deva^[10]^[11]^[12]
- Amara Bhujanga Deva^[5]

Vira Kerala^[7]
- Vira Kerala ("thennavar muvar")^[13]
- "Minavan" Vira Kerala^[14]

Kerala Kesari Adhirajaraja Deva^[15]^[7]

Chera rulers from Mahodayapuram (Kodungallur)[edit | edit source]

Sthanu Ravi Kulasekhara^[16]
- Kulasekhara Alvar^[17]
- Kulasekhara Varma^[18]
Rama Rajasekhara^[16]
- Cheraman Perumal Nayanar^[17]
Vijayaraga^[16]
Goda Goda^[16]
Kerala Kesari^[16]
Goda Ravi^[16]
Indu/Indesvara Goda^[16]
Bhaskara Ravi Manukuladitya^[16]
Ravi Goda^[16]
Rajasimha^[16]
Raja Raja^[16]
Ravi Rama^[16]
- Rama Rajaditya^[19]
Aditya Goda Ranaditya^[16]
Rama Kulasekhara^[16]

Chera rulers from Thagadur (Dharmapuri)[edit | edit source]

Rajaraja Adigaman Vagan^[20]
Rajarajadevan Vitukathazhakiya Perumal^[21]

References[edit | edit source]

↑ ^1.00 ^1.01 ^1.02 ^1.03 ^1.04 ^1.05 ^1.06 ^1.07 ^1.08 ^1.09 ^1.10 ^1.11 ^1.12 Mahadevan, Iravatham (2003). Early Tamil Epigraphy: From the Earliest Times to the Sixth Century AD. Harvard Oriental Series. Cre-A and Harvard University. pp. 117–119 and 62–63.
↑ ^2.00 ^2.01 ^2.02 ^2.03 ^2.04 ^2.05 ^2.06 ^2.07 ^2.08 ^2.09 ^2.10 ^2.11 ^2.12 ^2.13 ^2.14 ^2.15 ^2.16 ^2.17 ^2.18 ^2.19 Subbarayalu, Y. (2014). "Early Tamil Polity". In Noburu, Karashima (ed.). A Concise History of South India: Issues and Interpretations. New Delhi: Oxford University Press. pp. 48–52.
↑ ^3.00 ^3.01 ^3.02 ^3.03 ^3.04 ^3.05 ^3.06 ^3.07 ^3.08 ^3.09 ^3.10 ^3.11 ^3.12 ^3.13 ^3.14 ^3.15 ^3.16 ^3.17 Aiyar, K. G. Sesha (1937). "Udiyan Ceralatan". Chera Kings of the Sangam Period. London: Luzac and Co. pp. 04–05.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 Ramamurthy, A. (1986). Mahalingam, N. (ed.). History of Kongu: Pre-historic Period to 1300 AD. Madras: ISIAC. pp. 248–49.
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Narayanan, M. G. S. Perumāḷs of Kerala. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks, 2013 [1972]. 80-81.
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 Ramamurthy, A. (1986). Mahalingam, N. (ed.). History of Kongu: Pre-historic Period to 1300 AD. Madras: ISIAC. pp. 270–71 and 262–63.
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 ^7.3 ^7.4 Narayanan, M. G. S. Perumāḷs of Kerala. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks, 2013 [1972]. 80-81.
↑ ^8.0 ^8.1 Ramamurthy, A. (1986). Mahalingam, N. (ed.). History of Kongu: Pre-historic Period to 1300 AD. Madras: ISIAC. pp. 255–56.
↑ ^9.0 ^9.1 Ramamurthy, A. (1986). Mahalingam, N. (ed.). History of Kongu: Pre-historic Period to 1300 AD. Madras: ISIAC. pp. 279–80 and 340.
↑ Narayanan, M. G. S. Perumāḷs of Kerala. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks, 2013 [1972]. 136.
↑ Narayanan, M. G. S. Perumāḷs of Kerala. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks, 2013 [1972]. 304-05 and 322-23.
↑ Narayanan, M. G. S. Perumāḷs of Kerala. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks, 2013 [1972]. 116-117 and 136.
↑ Narayanan, M. G. S. Perumāḷs of Kerala. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks, 2013 [1972]. 121-122.
↑ Narayanan, M. G. S. Perumāḷs of Kerala. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks, 2013 [1972]. 140.
↑ Narayanan, M. G. S. Perumāḷs of Kerala. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks, 2013 [1972]. 63.
↑ ^16.00 ^16.01 ^16.02 ^16.03 ^16.04 ^16.05 ^16.06 ^16.07 ^16.08 ^16.09 ^16.10 ^16.11 ^16.12 ^16.13 Devadevan, Manu V. (2020). "Changes in Land Relations and the Changing Fortunes of the Cēra State". The 'Early Medieval' Origins of India. Cambridge University Press. p. 122. ISBN 9781108494571.
↑ ^17.0 ^17.1 Karashima, Noboru, ed. (2014). "States in Deccan and Kerala". A Concise History of South India: Issues and Interpretations. Oxford University Press. pp. 146–47. ISBN 978-0-19-809977-2.
↑ Veluthat, Kesavan (2023). "Sthāṇu Ravi". The Encyclopedia of Ancient History: Asia and Africa. Wiley. p. 1. doi:10.1002/9781119399919.eahaa00527. ISBN 978-1-119-39991-9.
↑ Narayanan, M. G. S. (2013) [1972]. "Index to Chera Inscriptions". Perumals of Kerala. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks. pp. 466–67.
↑ Hultzch, E. (ed.). "No. 34: Two Inscriptions of Vidugadalagiya Perumal". Epigraphica Indica. VI. Archaeological Survey of India: 331–334.
↑ Hultzch, E. (ed.). "No. 34: Two Inscriptions of Vidugadalagiya Perumal". Epigraphica Indica. VI. Archaeological Survey of India: 331–334.

[:0-1] 1.00 ^1.01 ^1.02 ^1.03 ^1.04 ^1.05 ^1.06 ^1.07 ^1.08 ^1.09 ^1.10 ^1.11 ^1.12 Mahadevan, Iravatham (2003). Early Tamil Epigraphy: From the Earliest Times to the Sixth Century AD. Harvard Oriental Series. Cre-A and Harvard University. pp. 117–119 and 62–63.

[:1-2] 2.00 ^2.01 ^2.02 ^2.03 ^2.04 ^2.05 ^2.06 ^2.07 ^2.08 ^2.09 ^2.10 ^2.11 ^2.12 ^2.13 ^2.14 ^2.15 ^2.16 ^2.17 ^2.18 ^2.19 Subbarayalu, Y. (2014). "Early Tamil Polity". In Noburu, Karashima (ed.). A Concise History of South India: Issues and Interpretations. New Delhi: Oxford University Press. pp. 48–52.

[:02-3] 3.00 ^3.01 ^3.02 ^3.03 ^3.04 ^3.05 ^3.06 ^3.07 ^3.08 ^3.09 ^3.10 ^3.11 ^3.12 ^3.13 ^3.14 ^3.15 ^3.16 ^3.17 Aiyar, K. G. Sesha (1937). "Udiyan Ceralatan". Chera Kings of the Sangam Period. London: Luzac and Co. pp. 04–05.

[:14-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 Ramamurthy, A. (1986). Mahalingam, N. (ed.). History of Kongu: Pre-historic Period to 1300 AD. Madras: ISIAC. pp. 248–49.

[:6-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Narayanan, M. G. S. Perumāḷs of Kerala. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks, 2013 [1972]. 80-81.

[:50-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Ramamurthy, A. (1986). Mahalingam, N. (ed.). History of Kongu: Pre-historic Period to 1300 AD. Madras: ISIAC. pp. 270–71 and 262–63.

[:82-7] 7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 ^7.3 ^7.4 Narayanan, M. G. S. Perumāḷs of Kerala. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks, 2013 [1972]. 80-81.

[:51-8] 8.0 ^8.1 Ramamurthy, A. (1986). Mahalingam, N. (ed.). History of Kongu: Pre-historic Period to 1300 AD. Madras: ISIAC. pp. 255–56.

[:510-9] 9.0 ^9.1 Ramamurthy, A. (1986). Mahalingam, N. (ed.). History of Kongu: Pre-historic Period to 1300 AD. Madras: ISIAC. pp. 279–80 and 340.

[10] Narayanan, M. G. S. Perumāḷs of Kerala. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks, 2013 [1972]. 136.

[11] Narayanan, M. G. S. Perumāḷs of Kerala. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks, 2013 [1972]. 304-05 and 322-23.

[12] Narayanan, M. G. S. Perumāḷs of Kerala. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks, 2013 [1972]. 116-117 and 136.

[13] Narayanan, M. G. S. Perumāḷs of Kerala. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks, 2013 [1972]. 121-122.

[14] Narayanan, M. G. S. Perumāḷs of Kerala. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks, 2013 [1972]. 140.

[15] Narayanan, M. G. S. Perumāḷs of Kerala. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks, 2013 [1972]. 63.

[:28-16] 16.00 ^16.01 ^16.02 ^16.03 ^16.04 ^16.05 ^16.06 ^16.07 ^16.08 ^16.09 ^16.10 ^16.11 ^16.12 ^16.13 Devadevan, Manu V. (2020). "Changes in Land Relations and the Changing Fortunes of the Cēra State". The 'Early Medieval' Origins of India. Cambridge University Press. p. 122. ISBN 9781108494571.

[:2-17] 17.0 ^17.1 Karashima, Noboru, ed. (2014). "States in Deccan and Kerala". A Concise History of South India: Issues and Interpretations. Oxford University Press. pp. 146–47. ISBN 978-0-19-809977-2.

[:032-18] Veluthat, Kesavan (2023). "Sthāṇu Ravi". The Encyclopedia of Ancient History: Asia and Africa. Wiley. p. 1. doi:10.1002/9781119399919.eahaa00527. ISBN 978-1-119-39991-9.

[:03-19] Narayanan, M. G. S. (2013) [1972]. "Index to Chera Inscriptions". Perumals of Kerala. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks. pp. 466–67.

[:033-20] Hultzch, E. (ed.). "No. 34: Two Inscriptions of Vidugadalagiya Perumal". Epigraphica Indica. VI. Archaeological Survey of India: 331–334.

[:034-21] Hultzch, E. (ed.). "No. 34: Two Inscriptions of Vidugadalagiya Perumal". Epigraphica Indica. VI. Archaeological Survey of India: 331–334.

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