| Judeo-Urdu | |
|---|---|
 Inder Sabha in Judeo-Urdu | |
| Native to | Indian subcontinent |
| Region | Bombay, Calcutta |
| Ethnicity | Baghdadi Jews |
| Era | 18th century |
| Hebrew script | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
| Glottolog | jude1269 |
| IETF | ur-IN-Hebr |
Judeo-Urdu (Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.; Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.)[1] was a dialect of the Urdu language spoken by the Baghdadi Jews in the Indian subcontinent living in the areas of Mumbai and Kolkata towards the end of the 18th century. It is a dialect that was written in the Hebrew script and found to be used for several pieces of literature, such as Inder Sabha, a copy of which is kept at the British Library.
Writing system[edit | edit source]
The Judeo-Urdu dialect was written in the Hebrew script.[2] The orthography is one of the primary reasons for this dialect being associated with Urdu, rather than Hindi, as the spelling of lemmas found in literature written in the Judeo-Urdu dialect seem to correlate with the Perso-Arab spelling.[2] For instance, Arabic loanwords which contain the letters ط would be mapped to the Hebrew equivalent ט, a pattern which is consistent with other loanwords and loan-letters.
However, the representation of unique sounds found in Indo-Aryan languages, such as retroflex consonants as well as aspirated consonants, were not represented by unique or modified Hebrew letters. Rather, alveolar consonants were also used to represent these sounds paired with a Dagesh or Holam. This could create ambiguity as some letters, like Dalet, could denote up to four different phonemes, while an unvocalised Gimel could denote potentially up to five.[2]
Vocabulary[edit | edit source]
| Standard Urdu | Judeo-Urdu | Meaning | Hebrew equivalent |
|---|---|---|---|
| اُون٘ٹ
(ūṉṭ) |
Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.
(ūnṭ) |
'camel' | Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.
(gámál) |
| بَکْری
(bakrī) |
Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.
(bakrī) |
'goat' | Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.
('ēz) |
| پَتَّھر
(patthar) |
Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.
(pattʰar) |
'stone' | Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.
(évén) |
| گَدھا
(gadhā) |
Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.
(gadʱā) |
'donkey' | Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.
(ḥämōr) |
| جانْوَر
(jānvar) |
Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.
(janāvar)[note 1] |
'animal' | Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.
(bhemáh) |
| چُوہَا
(čūhā) |
Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.
(čawā)[note 2] |
'mouse' | Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.
('aḵbár) |
| حَلق
(ḥalaq) |
Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.
(ḥálaq) |
'throat' | Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.
(gárōn) |
| کُتّا
(kuttā) |
Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.
(kūttā) |
'dog' | Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.
(kélév) |
| لَکْڑی
(lakṛī) |
Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.
(lakrī) |
'wood' | Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.
('ēṣ) |
| مُرْغِی
(murḡī) |
Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.
(mūrġī) |
'hen' | Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.
(tarngolét) |
See also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Hashmi, Arshad Masood (2018-08-01). "اندر سبھا کا یہود اردو مخطوطہ (A Judaeo-Urdu Manuscript of Indra Sabha)". Social Science Research Network. Rochester, NY. SSRN 3993268.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 D. Rubin, Aaron (2016-12-31). A Unique Hebrew Glossary from India. doi:10.31826/9781463237349. ISBN 9781463237349.
Notes[edit | edit source]
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