Imphal: Difference between revisions

	Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
	Precipitation totals in mm
	Source: IMD

Imphal
Climate chart (explanation)
	Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
	Precipitation totals in mm
	Source: IMD
Imperial conversion
	Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
	Precipitation totals in inches

Imphal

Yumphal
Imphal Yumphal
Capital City
	Clockwise from top: ; Imphal city view, Nongshaba, St. Joseph's Cathedral, Imphal, Shree Govindajee Temple, Langol Hills, Kangla Fort Complex, Sanamahi Temple
	Imphal Location of Imphal in Manipur Imphal Imphal (India)
	Coordinates: 24°48′27″N 93°56′18″E / 24.8074°N 93.9384°E
Country	India
State	Manipur
District	Imphal East, Imphal West
Government
• Type	Municipal Corporation
• Body	Imphal Municipal Corporation
• Mayor	L. Lokeshwor Singh
Elevation	786 m (2,579 ft)
Population (2022)
• Total	576,000(2,023)
Language(s)
• Official	Manipuri (Meitei); English;
Time zone	UTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN	795001
Telephone code	3852
Vehicle registration	MN-01
Website	imc.mn.gov.in

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Revision as of 06:17, 22 July 2023

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Imphal (Template:IPA-mni;^[1] English: UK: /ˈɪmfəl/,^[2] US: /ˈɪmpˌhʌl/)^[3] is the capital city of the Indian state of Manipur. The metropolitan centre of the city contains the ruins of Kangla Palace (officially known as Kangla Fort), the royal seat of the former Kingdom of Manipur, surrounded by a moat. Spread over parts of the districts of Imphal West and Imphal East, the former contains the majority of the city's area and population.^[4] Imphal is part of the Smart Cities Mission under the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs.^[5]

History

Soldiers of the two wings of the 14th Army link-up at Milestone 109 during the Battle of Imphal-Kohima

Initially ruled by King Khaba, Imphal was later ruled by the Pakhangba leaders. The clan of the Ningthouja tribe originated then. The Ningthouja tribe quickly expanded and dominated the region in politics and war. Kangla Palace was built by King Khagemba and his son Khunjaoba. The palace was later destroyed by the British during the Anglo-Manipur War. During the reign of Maharaja Bhagyachandra, there were a number of Burmese invasions. However, the kingdom survived with the help of Maharaj Gambhir Singh.

Imphal remained peaceful until 1891, when there were internal differences in the royal family. The British sent J.W. Quinton to help but the situation only grew worse and Senapati Tikendrajit was hanged. The autocratic British behavior made people angry. This resulted in the 1891 Anglo-Manipur War, which the British won.^[6]

The Battle of Imphal took place between March and July 1944, during World War II. The Japanese had invaded Imphal to destroy Allied forces and then invade India, but they were defeated and forced to retreat. The attack made the British realise the militarily strategic position of Imphal.^[7]

Geography and climate

Imphal lies in the Imphal Valley surrounded by nine ranges of hills at 24°48′27″N 93°56′18″E / 24.8074°N 93.9384°E / 24.8074; 93.9384 in extreme eastern India,^[9] with an average elevation of 786 metres (2,579 ft). It has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen: Cwa)^[10] with cool, dry winters and a slightly hot monsoon season. Imphal enjoys a moderate climate tempered by its high altitude and the surrounding hills.^[11] Maximum temperatures in the hottest months average about 29 °C (84 °F); January is the coldest month, with average lows near 4 °C (39 °F), often drops to around 2 °C in the coldest nights and rarely drops below freezing point. The city receives about 1,320 mm (52 in) of rain, with June the wettest month. The highest recorded temperature was 35.6 °C (96.1 °F), on 22 May 2009, and the lowest temperature was −2.7 °C (27.1 °F) on 10 January 1970.^[8]^[12]

Climate data for Imphal (1981–2010, extremes 1953–present)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	27.8 (82.0)	32.0 (89.6)	35.0 (95.0)	34.5 (94.1)	35.6 (96.1)	35.6 (96.1)	35.7 (96.3)	34.0 (93.2)	34.5 (94.1)	34.2 (93.6)	30.7 (87.3)	28.9 (84.0)	35.7 (96.3)
Average high °C (°F)	22.4 (72.3)	24.2 (75.6)	27.2 (81.0)	28.5 (83.3)	29.2 (84.6)	29.6 (85.3)	29.4 (84.9)	29.7 (85.5)	29.5 (85.1)	28.7 (83.7)	25.9 (78.6)	22.9 (73.2)	27.3 (81.1)
Average low °C (°F)	4.6 (40.3)	7.7 (45.9)	12.1 (53.8)	15.8 (60.4)	18.7 (65.7)	21.3 (70.3)	21.9 (71.4)	21.7 (71.1)	20.6 (69.1)	17.2 (63.0)	11.1 (52.0)	6.1 (43.0)	14.9 (58.8)
Record low °C (°F)	−2.7 (27.1)	−1.4 (29.5)	2.4 (36.3)	6.2 (43.2)	11.1 (52.0)	14.7 (58.5)	15.4 (59.7)	14.6 (58.3)	14.3 (57.7)	7.8 (46.0)	1.5 (34.7)	−1.7 (28.9)	−2.7 (27.1)
Average rainfall mm (inches)	11.5 (0.45)	43.4 (1.71)	81.2 (3.20)	154.6 (6.09)	174.3 (6.86)	221.6 (8.72)	231.4 (9.11)	186.8 (7.35)	157.2 (6.19)	122.3 (4.81)	34.7 (1.37)	17.8 (0.70)	1,436.7 (56.56)
Average rainy days	1.1	3.3	6.1	10.3	11.8	15.4	16.1	12.9	10.2	7.3	2.4	1.0	97.9
Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST)	60	54	53	62	69	77	79	79	80	78	74	70	70
Source: India Meteorological Department^[13]^[14]^[15]

Demographics

At the time of the 2011 census, Imphal Municipal Council had a population of 277,196, of which 135,059 were males and 142,137 females. Imphal had a sex ratio of 1052 females per 1000 males and a literacy rate of 90.8%: 95.1% for males and 86.77% for females. 29,216 (10.54%) were under 6 years of age, 14,997 being males and 14,219 females. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes made up 1,274 (0.46%) and 29,778 (10.74%) of the population respectively.^[16]^[17]

Religions in Imphal Municipal Council (2011)^[18]
Religion			Percent
Hinduism			69.66%
Sanamahism			14.41%
Christianity			10.33%
Islam			3.59%
Buddhism			0.54%
Jainism			0.45%
Other or not stated			1.02%

Hinduism is the majority religion in Imphal. Sanamahi followers are the second-largest group, and Imphal in particular contains a famous Pakhangba temple in Kangla Fort. Christianity is the third-largest religion, practiced mainly by the hill tribes in Imphal. Islam is a minority religion practiced by the Pangals, while Buddhism is practiced by the Gorkhas and Jainism by migrants from the mainland.

At the time of the 2011 census, 82.80% of the population spoke Manipuri, 3.65% Kabui, 2.20% Hindi, 1.39% Thadou, 1.31% Tangkhul, 1.18% Nepali, 1.11% Bengali, 1.10% Bhojpuri and 1.00% Kuki as their first language.^[19]

Government and politics

Imphal is the state capital as well as the headquarters of the Imphal district. The civic administration of the city is under Imphal Municipal Corporation.

Civic administration

According to Census 2011, Imphal constitutes 42.13% of the total urban population in Manipur. Hence, the history of urban local governance is longer in Imphal than in other parts of the state. The British established the Town Fund Board in Imphal in 1915, which was headed by the then Political Agent Lt. Col. H.W.G. Cole and other nominated members.^[20] The Town Fund Board continued after Independence and merger with India in 1949 and it was not headed by the Chief Secretary of Manipur Administration. In 1956, the Assam Municipal Act, 1923 was extended to Manipur and the Imphal Municipal Board was formed with 12 elected members. The strength of the elected members of this Board was increased to 24 in 1961 and to 28 in 1972.^[21] Initially, the Municipal Board was established only to administer the areas in Imphal under the British Reserve, covering 3.10 km² (1.20 sq mi) and 2,862 inhabitants. This was extended to 17.48 km² (6.75 sq mi) in 1960, 18.25 km² (7.05 sq mi) in 1970, and 76.58 km² (29.57 sq mi) in 1972.^[20]

In 1992, the Municipal Board was upgraded to a Municipal Council under the Manipur Municipality Act, 1994.^[22] In 2014, the council was upgraded to the status of Municipal Corporation. There are 27 wards under the Municipal Corporation, each with its own elected councillor. There are eight committees and five sections at the corporation to govern the administration of the city.^[23]

There are Ward Development Committees in each ward to look after developmental activities at the ward level. The local ward councillor is the chairperson of the committee, which includes two elected and two nominated members as well.^[22] The last election to the corporation was in 2016, with INC winning 12 seats, BJP winning 10 seats, and independent candidates winning 5 seats.^[24] According to the Manipur Municipality Act, 1994, the mayor is indirectly elected by the elected councillors from amongst themselves.^[25] The first mayor of the corporation was Soram Sunil and was elected in 2016.^[26] The present mayor of Imphal Municipal Corporation is Laisangbam Lokeshwar and was elected to the position in 2017. Sujata Phaomei is the present Deputy Mayor.^[27]

Representation in parliament

Manipur is divided into two constituencies for the purpose of Lok Sabha - Outer Manipur Parliamentary Constituency and Inner Manipur Parliamentary Constituency. Imphal city is part of the Inner Manipur Parliamentary Constituency.^[28] The last elections took place during the 2019 Indian general elections. Rajkumar Ranjan Singh from the Bharatiya Janata Party won the election with 2,63,632 votes.^[29]

Civic amenities

Manipur State Power Distribution Company Limited is responsible for electricity supply in the city.^[30] Public Health and Engineering Department of the Manipur Government looks after both water supply, and sewage and drainage in Imphal.^[31] Roads in the city are developed and maintained by the state Public Works Department.^[32] Imphal Municipal Corporation is responsible for Solid Waste Management.^[33] The state Department of Fire Services provides fire safety services in the city with one fire station, which is also the department headquarters.^[34]

Tourist attractions

Imphal offers sites of religious and historical importance within and around the city. Kangla Palace (also known as Kangla Fort) is on the banks of the Imphal River. Kangla means "dry land" in the Meitei language. It was the palace of King Pakhangba, and has religious significance with multiple temples present within the complex.^[35] It is also significant in Manipur's history with the British.^[36] Bihu Loukon is an ancient star-shaped fort made of mud situated in Maklang, Imphal West District. It was discovered in 2013.^[37] Hiyangthang Lairembi Temple is religious site important to both the local religion, Sanamahism, and to Hinduism. The temple is noted for its annual Durga Puja festival.^[38]

India Peace Memorial at the Red Hills is located 12 km (7.5 mi) south of Imphal. The place was the scene of action and the theater of the battle that took place between the British Army and the Japanese Forces^[39] fighting alongside the Indian National Army in World War II.^[40] Red Hill has now become a tourist attraction since the Japanese war veterans constructed a monument at the foot of this hill.^[41] The Imphal War Cemetery remembers Indian and British soldiers who fought and died in 1944 during World War II and is managed by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission.^[42]

Imphal is also home to the largest all women run market in Asia, called the Ima Keithel (Mothers' Market).^[43] It was established in the 16th century and hosts around 5,000–6,000 women vendors who sell a variety of products.^[44]^[45]

A pair of Kangla Sha dragons at Kangla Fort
Bamboo huts in Kangla Fort complex
Kangla Fort Complex
Ruins of Kangla Fort
Kangla Museum houses
Bihu Loukon aerial view
Imphal War Cemetery
Women's Market (Ima Keithel)

Transport

Air

Green buildings with pyramid-shaped roofs — Bir Tikendrajit International Airport

Tulihal International Airport is 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) south of the city and has direct flights to major Indian cities.^[46]

Road

Dark highway, with oncoming headlights — National Highway 150 in Imphal

Imphal is connected by the National Highway to major cities like Lamka, Guwahati, Kohima, Agartala, Shillong, Dimapur, Aizawl, and Silchar.

Railway

In October 2012, India's Cabinet Committee on Infrastructure approved an extension of the Jiribam–Silchar railway to Imphal. The extension was expected to reach the city by 2019.^[47]^[48] The total length of the railway line is 110.62 km. The revised estimated cost of construction for the railway line sits at Rs 9658 crore, with Rs 4927.54 crore being spent as of 2019.

Sports

Khuman Lampak Main Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Imphal. It is used mostly for football and athletics. The stadium holds 30,000 people and was built in 1999. This stadium lies inside the Khuman Lampak Sports Complex. Imphal based professional football clubs NEROCA FC and TRAU FC of I-League play their home matches at this stadium.

Education

Universities

Yellow-and-green buildings forming a narrow archway — Manipur University main gate

Technical colleges

Medical colleges

Rectangular pink building with glass front — City Convention Centre

Schools

There are many schools in Imphal affiliated with the Central Board of Secondary Education and Indian Certificate of Secondary Education Board, as well as state government schools.

Areca School, Ragailong
Catholic School, Canchipur
Comet School, Changangei
Dav Public School, Chingmeirong
Don Bosco School Imphal, Chingmeirong
Guru Nanak Public School
Herbert School
Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya, Khumbong (Imphal west), Imphal east, Bishnupur, CCpur, Ukrul, Thoubal, Tamenglong and Senapati
Johnstone Higher Secondary Public School
Kids' Foundation School, Ghari
Maria International Montessori School, Koirengei
Meci Explorer Academy Changangei
Kendriya Vidyalaya No 1 Imphal, Lamphelpat
Kendriya Vidyalaya No 2 Imphal, Langjing
Nirmalabas High School, Imphal
Little Flower School
Lodestar Public School
Manipur Public School
Sainik International School & College Imphal
Savio English Higher Secondary Public School, Thangmeiband
St. Anthony's English School & College Imphal
St. John English High School, Nambol, Bishnupur District
St. Joseph School
St. Paul's English School
Sanfort International School & College Imphal
Sangai Higher Secondary Public School

Healthcare

Imphal has many private and government hospitals that are open 24 hours.

Regional Institute of Medical Sciences
Shija Hospitals & Research Institutes
City Hospital
Imphal Hospital
Raj Medicity
Sky Hospital and Research Institute
Mother's Care Hospital and Research Centre
Apex Hospital
Jawaharlal Nehru Institute of Medical Sciences
Horizon Hospital and Research Institute
Advanced Hospital
Catholic Medical Centre
Maipakpi Maternity and Child Hospital
Iboyaima Hospital
Asian Hospital
Lamjingba Hospital

Notable people

References

↑ Sharma, H. Surmangol (2006). "Learners' Manipuri-English dictionary.Imphal". dsal.uchicago.edu. Archived from the original on 28 July 2022. Retrieved 28 July 2022.
↑ "Imphal". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 16 May 2021.
↑ "Definition of IMPHAL". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 31 May 2023.
↑ "Simply put: Seven new districts that set Manipur ablaze". The Indian Express. 20 December 2016. Archived from the original on 15 October 2020. Retrieved 15 October 2020.
↑ "Imphal Smart City Limited". Archived from the original on 1 March 2021. Retrieved 16 October 2020.
↑ "History of Imphal - Imphal History". iloveindia.com. Archived from the original on 22 February 2020. Retrieved 22 February 2020.
↑ "Imphal and Kohima". Britain's Greatest Battles. National Army Museum. Archived from the original on 7 February 2015. Retrieved 9 January 2016.
↑ ^8.0 ^8.1 "Imphal, India". India Meteorological Department. Archived from the original on 15 December 2018. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
↑ "Maps, Weather, and Airports for Imphal, India". Archived from the original on 5 April 2019. Retrieved 10 June 2015.
↑ "Climate: Imphal - Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table". Climate-Data.org. Archived from the original on 10 February 2018. Retrieved 31 October 2013.
↑ "Imphal climate: weather by month, temperature, precipitation, when to go". www.climatestotravel.com. Archived from the original on 14 November 2022. Retrieved 14 November 2022.
↑ "Ever Recorded Maximum Temperature, Minimum Temperature and 24 Hours Heaviest Rainfall upto 2010" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 March 2014. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
↑ "Station: Imphal/Tulihal (A) Climatological Table 1981–2010" (PDF). Climatological Normals 1981–2010. India Meteorological Department. January 2015. pp. 335–336. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 5 February 2020.
↑ "Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. December 2016. p. M156. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 5 February 2020.
↑ "Imphal Climatological Table 1971–2000". India Meteorological Department. Archived from the original on 6 February 2020. Retrieved 5 February 2020.
↑ "District Census Hand Book – Imphal West" (PDF). Census of India. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 February 2023. Retrieved 9 February 2023.
↑ "District Census Hand Book – Imphal East" (PDF). Census of India. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 February 2023. Retrieved 9 February 2023.
↑ "Population by Religion - Manipur". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011. Archived from the original on 9 February 2023. Retrieved 9 February 2023.
↑ "Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Manipur (Urban)". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. Archived from the original on 9 February 2023. Retrieved 9 February 2023.
↑ ^20.0 ^20.1 Lairenlakpam, Bino Devi (22 April 2015). "Development and working of the Imphal Municipal Board from 1956 to 1980". Shodhganga. hdl:10603/39465. Archived from the original on 28 March 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2020.
↑ "Chapter VIII, City Utility Services" (PDF). Shodhganga. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
↑ ^22.0 ^22.1 "State Annual Action Plan (SAAP) for Imphal, Manipur, FY 2015-16" (PDF). Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 October 2021. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
↑ "Organisational Structure" (PDF). Imphal Municipal Corporation. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 February 2020. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
↑ Indo-Asian News Service (7 June 2016). "Congress wins 12 seats in 27-member Manipur local body". Business Standard. Archived from the original on 15 March 2023. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
↑ "Manipur Municipalities Act, 1994" (PDF). Imphal Municipal Corporation. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 July 2020. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
↑ "Soram Sunil sworn in as first mayor of Imphal | Imphal News - Times of India". The Times of India. TNN. 18 June 2016. Archived from the original on 22 September 2016. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
↑ "IMC Mayor : 10th jun17 ~ E-Pao! Headlines". e-pao.net. Archived from the original on 28 March 2023. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
↑ "Parliamentary Constituencies | Imphal West District, Government of Manipur | India". Archived from the original on 20 October 2020. Retrieved 15 October 2020.
↑ S, Vangamla Salle K. "BJP's Rajkumar Ranjan, NPF's Lorho S Pfoze win Manipur LS seats". EastMojo. Archived from the original on 16 October 2020. Retrieved 15 October 2020.
↑ "Home". Manipur State Power Distribution Company Limited. Archived from the original on 18 October 2020. Retrieved 15 October 2020.
↑ "Home". Public Health and Engineering Department. Archived from the original on 29 October 2020. Retrieved 15 October 2020.
↑ "Home". Public Works Department, Government of Manipur. Archived from the original on 25 February 2021. Retrieved 15 October 2020.
↑ "Model Action Plan of Municipal solid waste management for the State of Manipur" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 September 2021. Retrieved 29 October 2021.
↑ "FIRE STATION LIST « Official Website Manipur Fire Servcie". manipurfireservice.gov.in. Archived from the original on 19 April 2021. Retrieved 15 October 2020.
↑ "Who's who 1891 of Manipur state archives". archivesmanipur.nic.in. Archived from the original on 19 January 2012. Retrieved 19 October 2020.
↑ "Who's who 1891 of Manipur state archives". archivesmanipur.nic.in. Archived from the original on 19 January 2012. Retrieved 19 October 2020.
↑ Press, Imphal Free. "Ancient star shaped mud fort discovered at Maklang, Manipur – KanglaOnline". Archived from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 19 October 2020.
↑ Admin), Jitendra(. "Thousands of devotees throng Hiyangthang Lairembi Temple on the day of Bor on second day of Durga Puja Festival - Impact TV - The Official Website". impacttv.in. Archived from the original on 24 October 2020. Retrieved 19 October 2020.
↑ Admin), William(. "May 10, 1942: first bomb hit Imphal in World War 2". Archived from the original on 17 May 2017. Retrieved 6 January 2021.
↑ Milaap (27 August 2019). "Footprints of the Past: A Visit To India Peace Memorial". SheThePeople TV. Archived from the original on 23 October 2020. Retrieved 19 October 2020.
↑ bureau, Odisha Diary (26 January 2018). "The India Peace Memorial at Lokpaching, Imphal". Odisha Breaking News | Odisha News | Latest Odisha News| Odisha Diary. Archived from the original on 20 October 2020. Retrieved 19 October 2020. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
↑ "Cemetery Details | CWGC". www.cwgc.org. Archived from the original on 21 October 2020. Retrieved 19 October 2020.
↑ "3-storey market building coming up at Pureiromba Keithel in Imphal". NORTHEAST NOW. Archived from the original on 20 October 2020. Retrieved 19 October 2020.
↑ "Incredible India | Ima Keithel/ Ima Market/ Khwairamband Bazar". www.incredibleindia.org. Archived from the original on 2 August 2020. Retrieved 19 October 2020.
↑ Chakravarty, Ipsita. "The earthquake has damaged a nerve centre of life in Manipur: the Ima Keithel or Mother's Market". Scroll.in. Archived from the original on 23 October 2020. Retrieved 19 October 2020.
↑ "Imphal". Airports Authority of India. Archived from the original on 9 October 2012. Retrieved 25 November 2012.
↑ "Govt approves rail link to Imphal". The Indian Express. 26 October 2012. Archived from the original on 15 May 2013. Retrieved 25 November 2012.
↑ "NFR – Jiribam-Imphal Rail Line – Manipur". Construction Intelligence Centre. Archived from the original on 19 January 2018. Retrieved 7 November 2017.
↑ "Manipur University". Archived from the original on 1 June 2015. Retrieved 10 June 2015.
↑ "Welcome To NIT Manipur". Archived from the original on 8 February 2014. Retrieved 10 June 2015.
↑ "MTU". mtu.ac.in. Archived from the original on 16 January 2017. Retrieved 25 February 2017.
↑ "Regional Institute of Medical Sciences". Archived from the original on 7 February 2014. Retrieved 28 January 2014.
↑ "JNIMS". Archived from the original on 22 November 2010. Retrieved 28 January 2014.

External links

Imphal West (archived 27 September 2011)
Imphal East

[1] Sharma, H. Surmangol (2006). "Learners' Manipuri-English dictionary.Imphal". dsal.uchicago.edu. Archived from the original on 28 July 2022. Retrieved 28 July 2022.

[2] "Imphal". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 16 May 2021.

[3] "Definition of IMPHAL". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 31 May 2023.

[:2-4] "Simply put: Seven new districts that set Manipur ablaze". The Indian Express. 20 December 2016. Archived from the original on 15 October 2020. Retrieved 15 October 2020.

[5] "Imphal Smart City Limited". Archived from the original on 1 March 2021. Retrieved 16 October 2020.

[6] "History of Imphal - Imphal History". iloveindia.com. Archived from the original on 22 February 2020. Retrieved 22 February 2020.

[7] "Imphal and Kohima". Britain's Greatest Battles. National Army Museum. Archived from the original on 7 February 2015. Retrieved 9 January 2016.

[IMD-8] 8.0 ^8.1 "Imphal, India". India Meteorological Department. Archived from the original on 15 December 2018. Retrieved 16 May 2014.

[9] "Maps, Weather, and Airports for Imphal, India". Archived from the original on 5 April 2019. Retrieved 10 June 2015.

[Climate-Data.org-10] "Climate: Imphal - Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table". Climate-Data.org. Archived from the original on 10 February 2018. Retrieved 31 October 2013.

[11] "Imphal climate: weather by month, temperature, precipitation, when to go". www.climatestotravel.com. Archived from the original on 14 November 2022. Retrieved 14 November 2022.

[IMD2-12] "Ever Recorded Maximum Temperature, Minimum Temperature and 24 Hours Heaviest Rainfall upto 2010" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 March 2014. Retrieved 16 May 2014.

[IMDnormals-13] "Station: Imphal/Tulihal (A) Climatological Table 1981–2010" (PDF). Climatological Normals 1981–2010. India Meteorological Department. January 2015. pp. 335–336. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 5 February 2020.

[IMDextremes-14] "Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. December 2016. p. M156. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 5 February 2020.

[IMDcityweather-15] "Imphal Climatological Table 1971–2000". India Meteorological Department. Archived from the original on 6 February 2020. Retrieved 5 February 2020.

[16] "District Census Hand Book – Imphal West" (PDF). Census of India. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 February 2023. Retrieved 9 February 2023.

[17] "District Census Hand Book – Imphal East" (PDF). Census of India. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 February 2023. Retrieved 9 February 2023.

[Religion-18] "Population by Religion - Manipur". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011. Archived from the original on 9 February 2023. Retrieved 9 February 2023.

[language-19] "Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Manipur (Urban)". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. Archived from the original on 9 February 2023. Retrieved 9 February 2023.

[:0-20] 20.0 ^20.1 Lairenlakpam, Bino Devi (22 April 2015). "Development and working of the Imphal Municipal Board from 1956 to 1980". Shodhganga. hdl:10603/39465. Archived from the original on 28 March 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2020.

[21] "Chapter VIII, City Utility Services" (PDF). Shodhganga. Retrieved 15 September 2020.

[:1-22] 22.0 ^22.1 "State Annual Action Plan (SAAP) for Imphal, Manipur, FY 2015-16" (PDF). Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 October 2021. Retrieved 15 September 2020.

[23] "Organisational Structure" (PDF). Imphal Municipal Corporation. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 February 2020. Retrieved 15 September 2020.

[24] Indo-Asian News Service (7 June 2016). "Congress wins 12 seats in 27-member Manipur local body". Business Standard. Archived from the original on 15 March 2023. Retrieved 15 September 2020.

[25] "Manipur Municipalities Act, 1994" (PDF). Imphal Municipal Corporation. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 July 2020. Retrieved 15 September 2020.

[26] "Soram Sunil sworn in as first mayor of Imphal | Imphal News - Times of India". The Times of India. TNN. 18 June 2016. Archived from the original on 22 September 2016. Retrieved 15 September 2020.

[27] "IMC Mayor : 10th jun17 ~ E-Pao! Headlines". e-pao.net. Archived from the original on 28 March 2023. Retrieved 15 September 2020.

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v t e Northeast India
States	Arunachal Pradesh Assam Manipur Meghalaya Mizoram Nagaland Sikkim Tripura
Cities	Agartala Aizawl Dispur Dimapur Gangtok Guwahati Imphal Itanagar Kohima Shillong Silchar
Legislative Assemblies	Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly Assam Legislative Assembly Manipur Legislative Assembly Meghalaya Legislative Assembly Mizoram Legislative Assembly Nagaland Legislative Assembly Sikkim Legislative Assembly Tripura Legislative Assembly
Protected Areas	Kaziranga National Park Namdapha National Park Orang National Park Manas National Park Dibru-Saikhowa National Park Nameri National Park Balphakram National Park Nokrek National Park Mouling National Park Keibul Lamjao National Park Sirohi National Park Murlen National Park Ntangki National Park Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary Sipahijola Wildlife Sanctuary Gorumara National Park Singalila National Park Neora Valley National Park Jaldapara National Park
Mountains	Kangchenjunga Naga Hills Patkai Hills Khasi Hills Lushai Hills Assam Himalaya Garo Hills Jongsong Peak Gimmigela Chuli Kabru Kirat Chuli Mount Pandim Paohanli Peak Pauhunri Siniolchu
Lakes	Khecheopalri Lake Gurudongmar Lake Lake Tsongmo Loktak Lake Chandubi Lake Dipor Bil Son Beel Rudrasagar Lake Bijoy sagar
Monasteries	Pemayangtse Monastery Tawang Monastery Zang Dhok Palri Phodang Rumtek Monastery Enchey Monastery Tashiding Monastery Dubdi Monastery Ralang Monastery
Others	Seven Sister States Tourism in North East India Tourism in Assam Tourism in Mizoram

v t e State and Union Territory capitals of India
Administrative	Agartala Aizawl Amaravati (de facto) Bangalore Bhopal Bhubaneswar Chandigarh Chennai Daman Dehradun Dispur Gandhinagar Gangtok Hyderabad Imphal Itanagar Jaipur Jammu (winter) Kargil (winter) Kavaratti Kohima Kolkata Leh (summer) Lucknow Mumbai Naya Raipur New Delhi Panaji Patna Pondicherry Port Blair Ranchi Shillong Shimla Srinagar (summer) Thiruvananthapuram
Legislative	Agartala Aizawl Amaravati Bangalore Bhopal Bhubaneswar Chandigarh Chennai Dharamshala (winter) Dehradun (winter) Gairsain (summer) Gandhinagar Gangtok Guwahati Hyderabad Imphal Itanagar Jaipur Jammu (winter) Kohima Kolkata Lucknow Mumbai (summer) Nagpur (winter) New Delhi Patna Pondicherry Porvorim Raipur Ranchi Shillong Shimla (summer) Srinagar (summer) Thiruvananthapuram
Judicial	Agartala Ahmedabad Allahabad Amaravati Bangalore Bilaspur Chandigarh Chennai Cuttack Gangtok Guwahati Hyderabad Imphal Jabalpur Jodhpur Jammu (winter) Kochi Kolkata Mumbai Nainital New Delhi Patna Ranchi Shillong Shimla Srinagar (summer)