Betul district: Difference between revisions

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| settlement_type                = [[List of districts of Madhya Pradesh|District]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| settlement_type                = [[List of districts of Madhya Pradesh|District]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| total_type                      = Total
| total_type                      = Total
| native_name                    =  
| image_skyline                  = {{Photomontage
|size = 250
|photo1a = Muktagiri temples.jpg
|photo2a = Kukru Khamla.jpg
}}
| image_caption                  = Top: Muktagiri temples<br>Bottom: Kukru Khamla
| image_map                      = MP Betul district map.svg
| image_map                      = MP Betul district map.svg
| map_caption                    = Location of Betul district in Madhya Pradesh
| map_caption                    = Location of Betul district in Madhya Pradesh
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| coor_pinpoint                  = Betul, Madhya Pradesh
| coor_pinpoint                  = Betul, Madhya Pradesh
| subdivision_type                = Country
| subdivision_type                = Country
| subdivision_name                = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_name                = India
| subdivision_type1              = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type1              = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1              = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| subdivision_name1              = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
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| parts_type                      = [[Tehsils of India|Tehsils]]
| parts_type                      = [[Tehsils of India|Tehsils]]
| parts_style                    = para
| parts_style                    = para
| p1                              = Betul, Bhainsdehi, Chicholi, Multai, Shahpur, Amla, Athner, Ghoradongri
| p1                              = # [[Betul, Madhya Pradesh|Betul]],
# [[Bhainsdehi]],  
# [[Chicholi]],  
# [[Multai]],  
# [[Shahpur, Betul|Shahpur]],
# [[Amla, Madhya Pradesh|Amla]],
# [[Athner]],  
# [[Ghoradongri]]
# [[Prabhat Pattan]]
# [[Bhimpur]]
| area_total_km2                  = 10043
| area_total_km2                  = 10043
| area_footnotes                  =  
| area_footnotes                  =  
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| leader_name                    =  
| leader_name                    =  
| leader_title1                  = [[Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_title1                  = [[Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name1                    = [[Betul-Harda (Lok Sabha constituency)|Betul]]
| leader_name1                    =  
| timezone1                      = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| timezone1                      = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1                    = +05:30
| utc_offset1                    = +05:30
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| blank_name_sec2                = Average annual precipitation
| blank_name_sec2                = Average annual precipitation
| blank_info_sec2                = 100-125cm mm
| blank_info_sec2                = 100-125cm mm
| website                        = {{URL|https://betul.nic.in/en/}}
| website                        = {{URL|https://betul.nic.in}}
| official_name                  =  
| official_name                  =  
| image_skyline                  = Kukru Khamla.jpg
| image_caption                  = Satpura range in Betul district
}}
}}
'''Betul district''' is a [[List of districts of Madhya Pradesh|district]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]] [[States and union territories of India|state]] in central [[India]]. The city of [[Betul, Madhya Pradesh|Betul]] serves as its administrative headquarters. The district is a part of [[Narmadapuram Division]].
'''Betul district''' ({{IPA|hi|bɛːt̪uːl}}) is a [[List of districts of Madhya Pradesh|district]] in the southern part of [[Madhya Pradesh]] [[States and union territories of India|state]] in central [[India]]. The city of [[Betul, Madhya Pradesh|Betul]] serves as its administrative headquarters. The district is a part of [[Narmadapuram Division]].


It lies almost wholly on the [[Satpura Range|Satpura range]] and occupies nearly the whole width of the range between the [[Narmada River|Narmada Valley]] on the north and the [[Berar Province|Berar]] plains on the south.
The district lies along the [[Satpura Range]] bordering the Narmada Valley and Berar Plains. The district has much religious significance, namely the source of the [[Tapti River]] at [[Multai]] and the Jain temples of [[Muktagiri]].


== History ==
== History ==
Little is known of the early history of the district except that it must have been the centre of the first of the four ancient Gond kingdoms of [[Kingdom of Kherla|Kherla]], [[Deogarh kingdom|Deogarh]], [[Garha-Mandla]] and [[Chanda-Sirpur]]. According to [[Ferishta]], the Persian historian, these kingdoms engrossed in 1398 all the hills of [[Gondwana, India|Gondwana]] and adjacent countries, and were of great wealth and power. About the year 1418 Sultan [[Hoshang Shah]] of Malwa invaded Kherla, and reduced it to a dependency. Nine years later the raja rebelled, but although with the help of the Bahmani kings of the Deccan he managed for a time to assert his independence, he was finally subdued and deprived of his territories. In 1467 Kherla was seized by the [[Bahmani Sultanate|Bahmani sultan]], but was afterwards restored to Malwa. A century later the kingdom of Malwa became incorporated into the dominions of the emperor of Delhi. In 1703 a Muslim convert of the Gond tribe held the country, and in 1743 [[Raghoji Bhonsle]], the Maratha ruler of Berar, annexed it to his dominions.<ref name="EB1911" />
History of Betul traces its origin to Satyug according to Skand puran river [[Tapti River|Tapti]] in Satyug came to earth for protecting world from excessive heat therefore Tapti is also known as Adi Ganga. Moreover Lord [[Rama|Ram]] also passed through Betul during his pathway to south, Pandavas passed through Betul during the Agyaat vaas in Vidharbha and built a temple of [[Shiva]] in Barahling. Between 161 BC and 130 BC, Betul was the kingdom of the Kundala. From 9th to 12th century, the history of Jains is found in Betul, and its historical evidence can be seen in [[Muktagiri]] group of temples. A copper plate from the Rashtrakutas for a land grant was found in [[Multai]] dating from the 8th century, showing they had some control.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.ministry.07851 |title=Central Provinces District Gazetteers: Betul District |publisher=Pioneer Press |year=1907 |location=[[Prayagraj]] |language=en}}</ref>
 
At the end of the 13th century, Betul is mentioned again in the biography of Mukund Swami Raj, a revered saint who lived during the time of a Raja Jaitpal of Kherla and was sponsored by him.<ref name=":0" />
 
Founder of [[Sikhism]] [[Guru Nanak]] also visited the holy city and meditated for 15 days in [[Multai]] at the origin of holy river Tapti. According to the historian [[Firishta]], Kherla was part of the Gondwana region and was ruled by Narsingh Rai who appears to have been a Gond Raja in the 14th century. In 1398, encouraged by the Sultans of [[Malwa Sultanate|Malwa]] and [[Farooqui dynasty|Khandesh]], Narsingh Rai invaded [[Bahmani Kingdom|Bahmani]] territory and devastated the region up to [[Mahur, Maharashtra|Mahur]]. In retaliation, the Bahmani Sultan led an expedition against Narsingh Rai seeking tribute, when Narsingh Rai responded defiantly, a battle was fought in which Kherla lost. Kherla then became a Bahmani vassal. In 1425, [[Hoshang Shah]] of Malwa invaded Kherla but lost twice. The third time he invaded the Kherla ruler didn't have time to organise a defence and asked for held from his overlords. Ahmed Shah fought a battle with Hoshang Shah and defeated him. In 1433 Hoshang Shah invaded Kherla again and killed Narsingh Rai, ending his dynasty, and annexed his territory to the Malwa Sultanate.<ref name=":0" />


The Marathas in the year 1818 ceded this district to the East India Company as payment for a contingent, and by the treaty of 1826 it was formally incorporated with the British possessions.<ref name="EB1911" /> The district was administered as part of the [[Saugor and Nerbudda Territories]] until 1861, when the territories were incorporated into the [[Central Provinces]]. Betul District was also part of the [[Nerbudda Division|Nerbudda (Narmada) Division]] of the [[Central Provinces and Berar]], which became the state of Madhya Bharat (later [[Madhya Pradesh]]) after India's independence in 1947.<ref>Hunter, William Wilson, Sir, et al. (1908). ''Imperial Gazetteer of India'', Volume 6. 1908-1931; Clarendon Press, Oxford</ref>
In 1467, the Nizam-ul-Mulk, Governor of Berar, invaded Kherla again, having been provoked by Malwa's invasion of the Deccan. The Malwa and Bahmani armies fought a large battle, but the Bahmanis won and took the Kherla Fort. According to Firishta, the Bahmanis insulted the Kherla defenders and two Rajput brothers decided to avenge their honour. They pretended to kiss the feet of the governor, snatched swords from the guards and killed the governor, and died defending themselves. In the following negotiations, Kherla was returned to Malwa.<ref name=":0" />


Detachments of British troops were stationed at Multai, Betul and Shahpur to cut off the retreat of Appa Sahib, the Maratha general, and a military force was quartered at Betul until June 1862. The ruined city of Kherla formed the seat of government under the Gonds and preceding rulers, and hence the district was, until the time of its annexation to the British dominions, known as the "Kherla Sarkar." The town of Multai contains an artificial tank, from the centre of which the Tapti is said to take its rise; hence the reputed sanctity of the spot, and the accumulation of temples in its honour.<ref name="EB1911" />
The most popular of the Gond kings was Eel. During 16th and 17th century. Khedla fort of Betul was continuously invaded by the Mughals. Betul seems to have been part of the Kherla Sarkar of Ellichpur Subah, which also included parts of Chhindwara and Wardha districts. The north of the district was likely forested and did not have much Mughal control.<ref name=":0" />


This district suffered very severely from the famine of 1896–1897, in 1897 the death-rate being as high as 73 per 1000. It suffered again in 1900, when in May the number of persons relieved rose to one-third of the total population. In 1901 the population was 285,363, showing a decrease of 12% in the decade, due to the results of famine.
During the age of Mughal decline, [[Bakht Buland Shah]], Ruler of Deogarh, annexed present Betul. In the 18th century, the area of Betul was ceded to the Maratha ruler of Berar [[Raghuji I|Raghavji Bhosale]], In 1818 AD in Sitavardi, the British Maratha war was fought. In the Treaty, the entire area of Betul was given to the British. During British period, the headquarters of Betul was at Betul Bazar. In 1822, the British shifted the district headquarters to Baddnoor dhana and made Betul the district headquarters. In the older times, Betul was called Badnoor ''Badd'' means bad and ''noor'' means eye and so  Badnoor means evil eye. It is said that in the old times, criminals were kept at this place after mutilation. Hence the name of this place came to be known as Badnoor during the reign of be known as the Gond kings. Initially, Betul was divided into four administrative regions Bhaggudhana, Chunnidhana, Baddnoordhana and Tikari.<ref name=":0" />


In 1901 the population of the town was 4,739. The administrative headquarters of the district were transferred to the town of [[Betul, Madhya Pradesh|Badnur]], 3 miles north. At the beginning of the 20th century, the principal crops in the district were wheat, millet, other food-grains, pulse, oil-seeds, and a little sugar-cane and cotton.<ref name="EB1911" />
Betul is called by the British as the area with a wonderful natural environment and Betul's natural beauty and high mountain peaks of Satpura range has mesmerized the crown hence Betul was described as a destination of vacations for British officials. Betul is going to complete the 200 golden years of its establishment in 2022. It was the same year in [[Shimla]] the capital of [[Himachal Pradesh]] when British officer Ross constructed the first British residence, a mere wood cottage. His successor Lt. Charles Patt Kennedy' erected the first pucca house in 1822 named after Lt. Kennedy as 'Kennedy House' of Shimla . Officer from northern command visited Betul and mentioned Betul and Shimla as the two faces of one coin in his dairy. Since then the unbroken relationship between Shimla and Betul which was established by the British in the pages of history continues till today.<ref name=":0" />


== Geography ==
Once a freedom fighter was hanged in Faasi mines and since the area around named as Fassikhadan. The historic Kamani Gate was part of the Victoria Hostel built in the year 1902, where the children of British officers/employees and merchants were sent to stay for education. The Hindi meaning of Betul in cottonless, Cotton was not grown in this region of Berar. For this reason, it was named Betul.
The mean elevation above the sea is about 2000&nbsp;ft. The country is essentially a highland tract, divided naturally into three distinct portions, differing in their superficial aspects, the character of their soil and their geological formation. The northern part of the district forms an irregular plain of the sandstone formation. It is a well-wooded tract, but it has a very sparse population and little cultivated land. In the extreme north a line of hills rises abruptly out of the great plain of the Narmada valley. The central tract alone possesses a rich soil, well watered by the river Machna and Sapna dam, almost entirely cultivated and studded with villages. To the south lies a rolling plateau of basaltic formation (with the sacred town of [[Multai]], and the springs of the [[Tapti River]] at its highest point), extending over the whole of the southern face of the district, and finally merging into the wild and broken line of the Ghats, which lead down to the plains. This tract consists of a succession of stony ridges of trap rock, enclosing valleys or basins of fertile soil, to which cultivation is for the most part confined, except where the shallow soil on the tops of the hills has been turned to account.<ref name=EB1911>{{EB1911|wstitle=Betul |volume=3 |page=833}}</ref>


The climate of Betul is fairly healthy. Its height above the plains and the neighbourhood of extensive forests moderate the heat, and render the temperature pleasant throughout the greater part of the year. During the cold season the thermometer at night falls below the freezing point; little or no hot wind is felt before the end of April, and even then it ceases after sunset. The nights in the hot season are comparatively cool and pleasant. During the monsoon the climate is very damp, and at times even cold and raw, thick clouds and mist enveloping the sky for many days together. The average annual rainfall is 40 in.<ref name=EB1911/>
Betul is remembered for the forest Satyagraha that took place in 1930. Ganjan Singh Korku and Banjari Singh Korku were prominent leaders of the movement.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Forest Satyagraha of Betul |url=https://indianculture.gov.in/node/2820553 |date=n.d. |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240613130208/https://indianculture.gov.in/node/2820553 |archive-date=2024-06-13 |website=Indian Culture |publisher=Ministry of Culture, Government of India |place=New Delhi |language=English}}</ref> During this Satyagraha, mostly Gond and Korku tribals, sometimes with the leadership of Congress leaders and often against their direction, went to forests and cut trees and grass under the control of ''malguzars''.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Baker |first=David |date=1984-03-01 |title='A serious time': forest satyagraha in Madhya Pradesh, 1930 |url=https://doi.org/10.1177/001946468402100103 |journal=The Indian Economic &amp; Social History Review |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=71–90 |doi=10.1177/001946468402100103 |issn=0019-4646|url-access=subscription }}</ref>


Betul district is rich in forests and [[biodiversity]]. The main timber species of Betul Forest is [[Teak]]. Many miscellaneous types of trees such as [[Haldu]], [[Saja (tree)|Saja]], [[Dhaoda]] etc. are also found in abundance. Many [[medicinal plant]]s are also found in the forest areas of Betul. Large amounts of commercially important minor forest produce such as [[Coromandel Ebony|Tendu]] leaves, [[Chironji]], Harra, [[Indian gooseberry|Amla]] are also collected from the forests of Betul. Asia's biggest wood depot is in Betul.
==Geography==
It lies almost wholly on the [[Satpura Range|Satpura range]] and occupies nearly the whole width of the range between the [[Narmada River|Narmada Valley]] on the north and the [[Berar Province|Berar]] plains on the south.


The major rivers flowing in the district are the [[Ganjal River]] (a tributary of the [[Tapti River]]), and the [[Morand River]] and the [[Tawa River]] (tributaries of the [[Narmada River]]). The Tapti river originates from Multai in the Betul district; Multai's [[Sanskrit]] name 'Multapi' means 'origin of Tapi or the River Tapti'.
Betul district situated in the heart of India has the distinction of being the place of origin of the holy river [[Tapti River|Tapti]] and [[Wardha River|Wardha]]. Situated at the focal point of Akhand Bharat, this district shelters the tribal culture. This tribal-dominated district is situated between the Satpurs hills and Berar plains in the south.<ref>{{cite web | title=About District &#124; District Betul, Government of Madhaya Pradesh &#124; India | url=https://betul.nic.in/en/about-district/ }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Betul &#124; Betul District, Madhya Pradesh, India &#124; Britannica | url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Betul }}</ref>


== Demographics ==
== Demographics ==
{{historical populations|11=1901|12=2,87,807|13=1911|14=3,90,386|15=1921|16=3,63,737|17=1931|18=4,06,252|19=1941|20=4,38,342|21=1951|22=4,51,655|23=1961|24=5,60,412|25=1971|26=7,36,196|27=1981|28=9,25,387|29=1991|30=11,81,501|31=2001|32=13,95,175|33=2011|34=15,75,362|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=right}}According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] Betul district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 1,575,362,<ref name="districtcensus">{{cite web|year=2011|title=District Census 2011|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php|access-date=30 September 2011|publisher=Census2011.co.in}}</ref> roughly equal to the nation of [[Gabon]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web|author=US Directorate of Intelligence|title=Country Comparison:Population|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html|access-date=1 October 2011|quote=Gabon 1,576,665}}</ref> or the US state of [[Idaho]].<ref>{{cite web|title=2010 Resident Population Data|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019160532/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php|archive-date=19 October 2013|access-date=30 September 2011|publisher=U. S. Census Bureau|quote=Idaho 1,567,582}}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 314th in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name="districtcensus" /> The district has a population density of {{convert| 157 |PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}}.<ref name="districtcensus" /> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001–2011 was 6.85%.<ref name="districtcensus" /> Betul has a [[sex ratio]] of 970 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name="districtcensus" /> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 70.14%. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes made up 10.1% and 42.3% of the population respectively.<ref name="districtcensus" />
{{historical populations|11=1901|12=2,87,807|13=1911|14=3,90,386|15=1921|16=3,63,737|17=1931|18=4,06,252|19=1941|20=4,38,342|21=1951|22=4,51,655|23=1961|24=5,60,412|25=1971|26=7,36,196|27=1981|28=9,25,387|29=1991|30=11,81,501|31=2001|32=13,95,175|33=2011|34=15,75,362|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>{{cite web |title=Table A-02 Decadal Variation in Population Since 1901: Madhya Pradesh |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/43356/download/47048/23%20A-2%20Madhya%20Pradesh.pdf |website=census.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>|align=center}}
 
According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] Betul district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 1,575,362,<ref name="districtcensus">{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=District Census Handbook: Betul |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/682/download/2376/DH_2011_2330_PART_A_DCHB_BETUL.pdf |website=[[Census of India]] |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref> roughly equal to the nation of [[Gabon]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web|author=US Directorate of Intelligence|title=Country Comparison:Population|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070613004507/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=13 June 2007|access-date=1 October 2011|quote=Gabon 1,576,665}}</ref> or the US state of [[Idaho]].<ref>{{cite web|title=2010 Resident Population Data|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019160532/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php|archive-date=19 October 2013|access-date=30 September 2011|publisher=U. S. Census Bureau|quote=Idaho 1,567,582}}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 314th in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name="districtcensus" /> The district has a population density of {{convert| 157 |PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}}.<ref name="districtcensus" /> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001–2011 was 6.85%.<ref name="districtcensus" /> Betul has a [[sex ratio]] of 970 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name="districtcensus" /> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 70.14%. 19.62% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes made up 10.11% and 42.34% of the population respectively.<ref name="districtcensus" />


The district has an area of {{cvt|10043|km2}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=Betul District – Statistics|url=http://betul.nic.in/stat.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120327231126/http://betul.nic.in/stat.htm|archive-date=27 March 2012|access-date=20 July 2011|publisher=Collectorate, Betul, Madhya Pradesh}}</ref>
The district has an area of {{cvt|10043|km2}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=Betul District – Statistics|url=http://betul.nic.in/stat.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120327231126/http://betul.nic.in/stat.htm|archive-date=27 March 2012|access-date=20 July 2011|publisher=Collectorate, Betul, Madhya Pradesh}}</ref>
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=== Religion ===
=== Religion ===
{{bar box
{{bar box
|title=Religions in Betul district (2011)<ref name="Religion">{{cite web |title=C-16 Population By Religion - Madhya Pradesh|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW23C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=census.gov.in |access-date=26 July 2021}}</ref>
|title=Religions in Betul district (2011)<ref name="Religion"/>
|titlebar=#FCD116
|titlebar=#FCD116
|left1=Religion
|left1=Religion
Line 88: Line 106:
|float=left
|float=left
|bars=
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hindus]]|darkorange|95.58}}
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|95.58}}
{{bar percent|[[Muslims]]|#008000|2.39}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|green|2.39}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.77}}
{{bar percent|Other <small>(tribal religion)</small>|chartreuse|0.83}}
{{bar percent|[[Buddhism]]|mediumblue|0.61}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.59}}
}}
}}
Hindus are by far the most numerous, 95.58% and Muslims are 2.39%. The third largest community are the Buddhists who were 6000 in number.
Hindus are by far the most numerous with 95.58% and Muslims are 2.39%. Those from tribal religions are 0.83%, while Buddhists who were 9,600 in number.<ref name="Religion">{{cite web |title=Table C-01 Population By Religion: Madhya Pradesh |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11381/download/14494/DDW23C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=census.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>


=== Languages ===
=== Languages ===
{{Pie chart
{{Pie chart
|caption = Languages of Betul district (2011)
| caption = Languages of Betul district (2011)<ref name="language"/>
|label1 = [[Hindi]] |value1 = 44.69 |color1 = orange
| label1 = [[Hindi]]
|label2 = [[Gondi language|Gondi]] |value2 = 27.69 |color2 = skyblue
| value1 = 44.69
|label3 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]] |value3 = 12.86 |color3 = maroon
| color1 = orange
|label4 = [[Korku language|Korku]] |value4 = 11.13 |color4 = darkorchid
| label2 = [[Gondi language|Gondi]]
|label5 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]] |value5 = 1.69 |color5 = hotpink
| value2 = 27.69
|label6 = Others |value6 =2.29  |color6 = grey
| color2 = darkturquoise
| label3 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| value3 = 12.86
| color3 = red
| label4 = [[Korku language|Korku]]
| value4 = 11.13
| color4 = darkorchid
| label5 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| value5 = 1.69
| color5 = orchid
| thumb = left
| other-label = Others
| other-color = grey
| other = y
}}
}}
At the time of the [[2011 Census of India]], 44.69% of the population in the district spoke [[Hindi]], 27.69% [[Gondi language|Gondi]], 12.86% [[Marathi language|Marathi]], 11.13% [[Korku language|Korku]] and 1.69% [[Bengali language|Bengali]] as their first language.<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16.html 2011 Census of India, Population By Mother Tongue]</ref>


The district is rich in [[adivasi|tribal population]]. Main [[tribe]]s inhabiting the district are [[Gondi people|Gond]]s and [[Korku people|Korkus]]. The remaining population is Marathi including castes like [[Maratha]]s, [[Pawar (surname)|Pawars]], [[Kunbi]]s, [[Brahmin]]s, [[Chamar]]s, Mali, Pal, Patil and [[Soni (caste)|Soni]].<ref>{{cite web|title=History|url=http://betul.nic.in/History/history.htm|work=betul.nic.in}}
At the time of the 2011 Census of India, 44.69% of the population in the district spoke [[Hindi]], 27.69% [[Gondi language|Gondi]], 12.86% [[Marathi language|Marathi]], 11.13% [[Korku language|Korku]] and 1.69% [[Bengali language|Bengali]] as their first language.<ref name="language">{{Cite web |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10211/download/13323/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-2300.XLSX |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Madhya Pradesh |website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref> The local Hindi dialect is close to [[Malvi language|Malvi]] with some influence from Marathi and Bundeli. The dialect of Pawari/Bhoyari is exclusively spoken by the people of Kshatriya Pawar (Bhoyar Pawar) caste. Hindi is spoken throughout the district, especially in Multai and Amla tehsils, while Gondi is a majority or significant minority in Chicholi, Shahpur, Ghoda Dongri, Bhainsdehi and Athner tehsils. Marathi is spoken in the southern part of the district bordering Maharashtra.
 
Main tribes inhabiting the district are [[Gondi people|Gond]]s and [[Korku people|Korkus]]. The remaining population are castes like Kshatriya Pawar (Bhoyar Pawar), [[Rajput]], [[Brahmin]], [[Maratha]], [[Chamar]], [[Mali]], [[Pal (surname)|Pal]], [[Patil (surname)|Patil]], [[Kalwar (caste)|Kalwar]], [[Kunbi]] and [[Soni (caste)|Soni]].<ref>{{cite web|title=History|url=http://betul.nic.in/History/history.htm|work=betul.nic.in}}
</ref>
</ref>


== Administration ==
==Tourist attractions ==
Betul railway station is located between Bhopal and Nagpur station.
*Khamla Hill Station
 
*Sihari forest village
The district is divided into 8 tehsils -
*Hanuman dol
 
*Balaji Puram
[[Bhainsdehi]]
*Shri Ram Van Gaman path
 
*Mathardeo hills
[[Athner, Madhya Pradesh|Athner]]
* Akhand Bharat Kendra Bindu
 
*Ladi Bori Rest house
[[Chicholi]]
*Melghat tiger corridor
 
*Rani Pathar Waterfall
[[Betul, Madhya Pradesh|Betul]]
*Dharakho Forest range
[[Shahpur, Madhya Pradesh|Shahpur]]
*Dhapada Safari
 
*Satpura tiger reserve
[[Multai]]
*Khedi Waterfall
*Chikhlar Waterfall
*Chikaldhara Waterfall
*Kukru Hill Station
*Muktagiri Hills Jain group of temples
*Jatashankar
*Chhaval Renuka Maa
*Bhopali Chhota Mahadeo
*Kerpani Hanuman mandir
*Dhaarul Amba Mai
*Salbardi
*Tapti Udgam Multai
*Satpura Dam
*Sapna Ecotourism
*Churna wildlife
*Khedla Qila
*Bhavargad Qila
*Bhairav Garh
*Shiv mandir Bhensdehi
*Gawasen Forest trekking
*Tulja Bhawani Siddhpeeth Hiwra
*Barahling
*Sonaghati


[[Ghoradongri]]
== Education ==


[[bordehi]]
* Kendriya Vidyalaya, Betul
*Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya, Betul
*Little Flower Senior Secondary School, Betul
*R D Public School, Kalapatha, Betul
*Satpuda Valley Public School, Sonaghati, Betul
*ELC English School, Betul
*Rathore College and School, Betul
*Government Jaywanti Haksar Post Graduate College, Betul
*Government Polytechnic College, Betul
*Shri Ram Pharmacy College, Jamthi, Betul
*Institute of Computer Science and Technology, Sadar Betul
*H.L. Agrawal B.Ed. College, Betul
*Shri Balaji Institute of Technology & Management, Betul
*Government Girls College, Betul
*Government Industrial Training Institute, Betul


[[Amla, Madhya Pradesh|Amla]]
== Transport ==
[[Betul railway station]] is a major railway station of its District, located between Bhopal and Nagpur station.<ref>{{cite web | title=97 Departures from Betul CR/Central Zone - Railway Enquiry | url=https://indiarailinfo.com/departures/15 }}</ref>


== Economy ==
== Economy ==
In 2006 the [[Ministry of Panchayati Raj]] named '''Betul''' one of the country's 250 [[Poverty in India|most backward districts]] (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=brgf/> It was one of the 24 districts in Madhya Pradesh previously receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).<ref name=brgf>{{cite web|author=Ministry of Panchayati Raj |date=8 September 2009 |title=A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme |publisher=National Institute of Rural Development |url=http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf |access-date=27 September 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405033402/http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf |archive-date=5 April 2012}}</ref>
'''Betul''' is the fastest developing district of Madhya Pradesh according to ministry of statics. Betul is emeriging as an example of development from bottom to top .As in 2006 the [[Ministry of Panchayati Raj]] named '''Betul''' one of the country's 250 [[Poverty in India|most backward districts]] (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=brgf/> It was one of the 24 districts in Madhya Pradesh previously receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).But today Betul has successfully achieved the title of one of the fastest emerging district in the central zone.<ref name=brgf>{{cite web|author=Ministry of Panchayati Raj |date=8 September 2009 |title=A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme |publisher=National Institute of Rural Development |url=http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf |access-date=27 September 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405033402/http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf |archive-date=5 April 2012}}</ref>
 
==Attractions ==
 
'''Atari -''' is a village which is near to Chicholi and there is a very old and famous temple and known as '''GOV Dev baba temple'''. It created by '''"Verma"''' family from village community.
 
'''Old Village [[Rondha]] : ''' Rondha's most ancient village in Betul district, one of the most massive white Sangmarmar is made of stone Lord Shiv Vahan Nandi sitting. The village has more than hundred years old trees of Champa. The village is said about Sant Tukado Ji Maharaj and Sarwodayi opinion influenced by Vinoba Bhave's Bhoodan leader. Here, look at the lion's legendary mansion, of champa trees, giant ficus, Chat Manth Gondi Jatara dominant mass is Gondi. Hindi journalism around Rondha Sntb Ramkishoar Pawar's native village green - green Lhlhate farm.day's Halt in thish Places
 
[[File:Balajipuram BETUL.jpg|thumb|Balajipuram temple]]
 
'''Balajipuram''' temple located to 8&nbsp;km from main city and it is famous for its design and people faith. This is a place of religious value as well as a picnic spot in Betul.
Shri Rukmani Balaji Temple is situated at Betul Bazaar, in Betul District of Madhya Pradesh. This temple, dedicated to Lord Balaji, gives this town a reference name, Balajipuram.
The main building of the Shri Rukmani Balaji Temple conforms to the architecture used in south Indian temples. Reputed architects from south India were involved in the design work. Individual sections in the temple resemble smaller temples, enshrining idols of Lord Ganesh, Radha-Krishna, Goddess Durga and Lord Shiva. The main deity is referred by the name Laxmi Narayan.
 
Situated outside the main building are 3 smaller temples dedicated to Lord Hanuman, Navagraha, and Saint Shirdi Sai Baba. There is an artificial pond named Gangakund, stretching from outside gate to the main building, which contains a total of 10 fountains. Another major attraction is a python shaped structure, which is actually a tunnel leading to all the shrines in the complex.
 
The temple was inaugurated in the presence of the major religious heads from all over the country. The sanctifying ceremony was held from 29 January to 4 February 2001.
 
The trust managing this temple provides free accommodation with basic facilities for the pilgrims. Free bus facility is available to and fro to the railway station and bus stand. Betul Bazaar can be reached via Betul, which is situated on the National Highway 69.
 
[[File:Balajipuram BETUL1.JPG|thumb|Enchanting Lord Krishna's statue at Mandir]]
 
'''Kukru''' is a village in Bhainsdehi Tehsil in Betul district of Madhya Pradesh state, India. It belongs to Narmadapuram Division. It is located 46&nbsp;km towards South from District headquarters Betul. The Narmada Hydroelectric Development Corporation (NHDC) has run into rough weather over a wind power project. NHDC is a joint venture between the Madhya Pradesh government and the National Hydro Power Corporation (NHPC). Last year, it had planned to set up a 100-MW wind power plant in Kukru village.


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
the betul is the startiting point of ma tapi river from multai the sarover


==External links==
==External links==
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{{Narmada basin}}
{{Narmada basin}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Betul district}}


[[Category:Betul district| ]]
[[Category:Betul district| ]]
[[Category:Districts of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Districts of Madhya Pradesh]]

Latest revision as of 09:51, 2 March 2026

Betul district
District of Madhya Pradesh
Top: Muktagiri temples
Bottom: Kukru Khamla
Location of Betul district in Madhya Pradesh
Location of Betul district in Madhya Pradesh
Coordinates (Betul, Madhya Pradesh): 21°50′N 77°50′E / 21.833°N 77.833°E / 21.833; 77.833
CountryIndia
StateMadhya Pradesh
DivisionNarmadapuram
HeadquartersBetul
Tehsils
  1. Betul,
  2. Bhainsdehi,
  3. Chicholi,
  4. Multai,
  5. Shahpur,
  6. Amla,
  7. Athner,
  8. Ghoradongri
  9. Prabhat Pattan
  10. Bhimpur
Area
 • Total10,043 km2 (3,878 sq mi)
Population
 (2011)[1]
 • Total1,575,362
 • Density160/km2 (410/sq mi)
Demographics
 • Literacy72.1%[2]
 • Sex ratio970[1]
Time zoneUTC+05:30 (IST)
Major highwaysNational Highway 47
Average annual precipitation100-125cm mm
Websitebetul.nic.in

Betul district (hi) is a district in the southern part of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. The city of Betul serves as its administrative headquarters. The district is a part of Narmadapuram Division.

The district lies along the Satpura Range bordering the Narmada Valley and Berar Plains. The district has much religious significance, namely the source of the Tapti River at Multai and the Jain temples of Muktagiri.

History[edit | edit source]

History of Betul traces its origin to Satyug according to Skand puran river Tapti in Satyug came to earth for protecting world from excessive heat therefore Tapti is also known as Adi Ganga. Moreover Lord Ram also passed through Betul during his pathway to south, Pandavas passed through Betul during the Agyaat vaas in Vidharbha and built a temple of Shiva in Barahling. Between 161 BC and 130 BC, Betul was the kingdom of the Kundala. From 9th to 12th century, the history of Jains is found in Betul, and its historical evidence can be seen in Muktagiri group of temples. A copper plate from the Rashtrakutas for a land grant was found in Multai dating from the 8th century, showing they had some control.[3]

At the end of the 13th century, Betul is mentioned again in the biography of Mukund Swami Raj, a revered saint who lived during the time of a Raja Jaitpal of Kherla and was sponsored by him.[3]

Founder of Sikhism Guru Nanak also visited the holy city and meditated for 15 days in Multai at the origin of holy river Tapti. According to the historian Firishta, Kherla was part of the Gondwana region and was ruled by Narsingh Rai who appears to have been a Gond Raja in the 14th century. In 1398, encouraged by the Sultans of Malwa and Khandesh, Narsingh Rai invaded Bahmani territory and devastated the region up to Mahur. In retaliation, the Bahmani Sultan led an expedition against Narsingh Rai seeking tribute, when Narsingh Rai responded defiantly, a battle was fought in which Kherla lost. Kherla then became a Bahmani vassal. In 1425, Hoshang Shah of Malwa invaded Kherla but lost twice. The third time he invaded the Kherla ruler didn't have time to organise a defence and asked for held from his overlords. Ahmed Shah fought a battle with Hoshang Shah and defeated him. In 1433 Hoshang Shah invaded Kherla again and killed Narsingh Rai, ending his dynasty, and annexed his territory to the Malwa Sultanate.[3]

In 1467, the Nizam-ul-Mulk, Governor of Berar, invaded Kherla again, having been provoked by Malwa's invasion of the Deccan. The Malwa and Bahmani armies fought a large battle, but the Bahmanis won and took the Kherla Fort. According to Firishta, the Bahmanis insulted the Kherla defenders and two Rajput brothers decided to avenge their honour. They pretended to kiss the feet of the governor, snatched swords from the guards and killed the governor, and died defending themselves. In the following negotiations, Kherla was returned to Malwa.[3]

The most popular of the Gond kings was Eel. During 16th and 17th century. Khedla fort of Betul was continuously invaded by the Mughals. Betul seems to have been part of the Kherla Sarkar of Ellichpur Subah, which also included parts of Chhindwara and Wardha districts. The north of the district was likely forested and did not have much Mughal control.[3]

During the age of Mughal decline, Bakht Buland Shah, Ruler of Deogarh, annexed present Betul. In the 18th century, the area of Betul was ceded to the Maratha ruler of Berar Raghavji Bhosale, In 1818 AD in Sitavardi, the British Maratha war was fought. In the Treaty, the entire area of Betul was given to the British. During British period, the headquarters of Betul was at Betul Bazar. In 1822, the British shifted the district headquarters to Baddnoor dhana and made Betul the district headquarters. In the older times, Betul was called Badnoor Badd means bad and noor means eye and so Badnoor means evil eye. It is said that in the old times, criminals were kept at this place after mutilation. Hence the name of this place came to be known as Badnoor during the reign of be known as the Gond kings. Initially, Betul was divided into four administrative regions Bhaggudhana, Chunnidhana, Baddnoordhana and Tikari.[3]

Betul is called by the British as the area with a wonderful natural environment and Betul's natural beauty and high mountain peaks of Satpura range has mesmerized the crown hence Betul was described as a destination of vacations for British officials. Betul is going to complete the 200 golden years of its establishment in 2022. It was the same year in Shimla the capital of Himachal Pradesh when British officer Ross constructed the first British residence, a mere wood cottage. His successor Lt. Charles Patt Kennedy' erected the first pucca house in 1822 named after Lt. Kennedy as 'Kennedy House' of Shimla . Officer from northern command visited Betul and mentioned Betul and Shimla as the two faces of one coin in his dairy. Since then the unbroken relationship between Shimla and Betul which was established by the British in the pages of history continues till today.[3]

Once a freedom fighter was hanged in Faasi mines and since the area around named as Fassikhadan. The historic Kamani Gate was part of the Victoria Hostel built in the year 1902, where the children of British officers/employees and merchants were sent to stay for education. The Hindi meaning of Betul in cottonless, Cotton was not grown in this region of Berar. For this reason, it was named Betul.

Betul is remembered for the forest Satyagraha that took place in 1930. Ganjan Singh Korku and Banjari Singh Korku were prominent leaders of the movement.[4] During this Satyagraha, mostly Gond and Korku tribals, sometimes with the leadership of Congress leaders and often against their direction, went to forests and cut trees and grass under the control of malguzars.[5]

Geography[edit | edit source]

It lies almost wholly on the Satpura range and occupies nearly the whole width of the range between the Narmada Valley on the north and the Berar plains on the south.

Betul district situated in the heart of India has the distinction of being the place of origin of the holy river Tapti and Wardha. Situated at the focal point of Akhand Bharat, this district shelters the tribal culture. This tribal-dominated district is situated between the Satpurs hills and Berar plains in the south.[6][7]

Demographics[edit | edit source]

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1901287,807—    
1911390,386+3.10%
1921363,737−0.70%
1931406,252+1.11%
1941438,342+0.76%
1951451,655+0.30%
1961560,412+2.18%
1971736,196+2.77%
1981925,387+2.31%
19911,181,501+2.47%
20011,395,175+1.68%
20111,575,362+1.22%
source:[8]

According to the 2011 census Betul district has a population of 1,575,362,[9] roughly equal to the nation of Gabon[10] or the US state of Idaho.[11] This gives it a ranking of 314th in India (out of a total of 640).[9] The district has a population density of 157 inhabitants per square kilometre (410/sq mi).[9] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 6.85%.[9] Betul has a sex ratio of 970 females for every 1000 males,[9] and a literacy rate of 70.14%. 19.62% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes made up 10.11% and 42.34% of the population respectively.[9]

The district has an area of 10,043 km2 (3,878 sq mi).[12]

Religion[edit | edit source]

Religions in Betul district (2011)[13]
Religion Percent
Hinduism
 
 95.58%
Islam
 
 2.39%
Other (tribal religion)
 
 0.83%
Buddhism
 
 0.61%
Other or not stated
 
 0.59%

Hindus are by far the most numerous with 95.58% and Muslims are 2.39%. Those from tribal religions are 0.83%, while Buddhists who were 9,600 in number.[13]

Languages[edit | edit source]

Languages of Betul district (2011)[14]

  Hindi (44.69%)
  Gondi (27.69%)
  Marathi (12.86%)
  Korku (11.13%)
  Bengali (1.69%)
  Other (1.94%)

At the time of the 2011 Census of India, 44.69% of the population in the district spoke Hindi, 27.69% Gondi, 12.86% Marathi, 11.13% Korku and 1.69% Bengali as their first language.[14] The local Hindi dialect is close to Malvi with some influence from Marathi and Bundeli. The dialect of Pawari/Bhoyari is exclusively spoken by the people of Kshatriya Pawar (Bhoyar Pawar) caste. Hindi is spoken throughout the district, especially in Multai and Amla tehsils, while Gondi is a majority or significant minority in Chicholi, Shahpur, Ghoda Dongri, Bhainsdehi and Athner tehsils. Marathi is spoken in the southern part of the district bordering Maharashtra.

Main tribes inhabiting the district are Gonds and Korkus. The remaining population are castes like Kshatriya Pawar (Bhoyar Pawar), Rajput, Brahmin, Maratha, Chamar, Mali, Pal, Patil, Kalwar, Kunbi and Soni.[15]

Tourist attractions[edit | edit source]

  • Khamla Hill Station
  • Sihari forest village
  • Hanuman dol
  • Balaji Puram
  • Shri Ram Van Gaman path
  • Mathardeo hills
  • Akhand Bharat Kendra Bindu
  • Ladi Bori Rest house
  • Melghat tiger corridor
  • Rani Pathar Waterfall
  • Dharakho Forest range
  • Dhapada Safari
  • Satpura tiger reserve
  • Khedi Waterfall
  • Chikhlar Waterfall
  • Chikaldhara Waterfall
  • Kukru Hill Station
  • Muktagiri Hills Jain group of temples
  • Jatashankar
  • Chhaval Renuka Maa
  • Bhopali Chhota Mahadeo
  • Kerpani Hanuman mandir
  • Dhaarul Amba Mai
  • Salbardi
  • Tapti Udgam Multai
  • Satpura Dam
  • Sapna Ecotourism
  • Churna wildlife
  • Khedla Qila
  • Bhavargad Qila
  • Bhairav Garh
  • Shiv mandir Bhensdehi
  • Gawasen Forest trekking
  • Tulja Bhawani Siddhpeeth Hiwra
  • Barahling
  • Sonaghati

Education[edit | edit source]

  • Kendriya Vidyalaya, Betul
  • Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya, Betul
  • Little Flower Senior Secondary School, Betul
  • R D Public School, Kalapatha, Betul
  • Satpuda Valley Public School, Sonaghati, Betul
  • ELC English School, Betul
  • Rathore College and School, Betul
  • Government Jaywanti Haksar Post Graduate College, Betul
  • Government Polytechnic College, Betul
  • Shri Ram Pharmacy College, Jamthi, Betul
  • Institute of Computer Science and Technology, Sadar Betul
  • H.L. Agrawal B.Ed. College, Betul
  • Shri Balaji Institute of Technology & Management, Betul
  • Government Girls College, Betul
  • Government Industrial Training Institute, Betul

Transport[edit | edit source]

Betul railway station is a major railway station of its District, located between Bhopal and Nagpur station.[16]

Economy[edit | edit source]

Betul is the fastest developing district of Madhya Pradesh according to ministry of statics. Betul is emeriging as an example of development from bottom to top .As in 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Betul one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640).[17] It was one of the 24 districts in Madhya Pradesh previously receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).But today Betul has successfully achieved the title of one of the fastest emerging district in the central zone.[17]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Distribution of population, sex ratio, density and decadal growth rate of population – State and District: 2011". Office of The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, Government of India. Retrieved 19 July 2011.
  2. ↑ "Total Population, child population in the age group 0–6, literates and literacy rates by sex: 2011". Office of The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, Government of India. Retrieved 19 July 2011.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 Central Provinces District Gazetteers: Betul District. Prayagraj: Pioneer Press. 1907.
  4. ↑ "Forest Satyagraha of Betul". Indian Culture. New Delhi: Ministry of Culture, Government of India. n.d. Archived from the original on 13 June 2024.
  5. ↑ Baker, David (1 March 1984). "'A serious time': forest satyagraha in Madhya Pradesh, 1930". The Indian Economic & Social History Review. 21 (1): 71–90. doi:10.1177/001946468402100103. ISSN 0019-4646.
  6. ↑ "About District | District Betul, Government of Madhaya Pradesh | India".
  7. ↑ "Betul | Betul District, Madhya Pradesh, India | Britannica".
  8. ↑ "Table A-02 Decadal Variation in Population Since 1901: Madhya Pradesh" (PDF). census.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 "District Census Handbook: Betul" (PDF). Census of India. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011.
  10. ↑ US Directorate of Intelligence. "Country Comparison:Population". Archived from the original on 13 June 2007. Retrieved 1 October 2011. Gabon 1,576,665
  11. ↑ "2010 Resident Population Data". U. S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 19 October 2013. Retrieved 30 September 2011. Idaho 1,567,582
  12. ↑ "Betul District – Statistics". Collectorate, Betul, Madhya Pradesh. Archived from the original on 27 March 2012. Retrieved 20 July 2011.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 "Table C-01 Population By Religion: Madhya Pradesh". census.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 "Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Madhya Pradesh". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
  15. ↑ "History". betul.nic.in.
  16. ↑ "97 Departures from Betul CR/Central Zone - Railway Enquiry".
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Ministry of Panchayati Raj (8 September 2009). "A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme" (PDF). National Institute of Rural Development. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 April 2012. Retrieved 27 September 2011.

External links[edit | edit source]

Template:Districts of Madhya Pradesh Template:Narmadapuram Division


Template:Betul district

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