Gulzarilal Nanda: Difference between revisions

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{{short description|Two-time Acting Prime Minister of India}}
{{Short description|Indian politician and economist (1898–1998)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2014}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
{{officeholder
| image              = Gulzarilal Nanda stamp (cropped).jpg
| image              = File:Gulzarilal Nanda stamp (cropped).jpg
| alt                =  
| alt                =  
| caption            =
| caption            = Portrait of Nanda on a 1999 stamp of India
| image_size          = 250px
| image_size          =  
| office              = [[Prime Minister of India]]<br>[[Acting]]
| office              = [[Prime Minister of India]]
| status            = {{small|Acting}}
| president          = [[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]]
| president          = [[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]]
| term_start          = 11 January 1966
| vicepresident = [[Zakir Husain]] | term_start          = 11 January 1966
| term_end            = 24 January 1966
| term_end            = 24 January 1966
| predecessor        = [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]]
| predecessor        = [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]]
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| term_end2          = 9 June 1964
| term_end2          = 9 June 1964
| president2          = [[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]]
| president2          = [[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]]
| predecessor2        = [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]
| vicepresident2 = [[Zakir Husain (politician)|Zakir Hussain]] | predecessor2        = [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]
| successor2          = [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]]
| successor2          = [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]]
| office3            = [[Minister for Home Affairs (India)|Minister of Home Affairs]]
| office3            = [[Minister for Home Affairs (India)|Minister of Home Affairs]]
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| predecessor3        = [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]]
| predecessor3        = [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]]
| successor3          = [[Yashwantrao Chavan]]
| successor3          = [[Yashwantrao Chavan]]
| birth_date          = {{birth date|1898|7|4|df=y}}
| office4            = [[Minister of External Affairs (India)|Minister of External Affairs]]
| birth_place        = [[Sialkot]], [[India]]
| primeminister4      = ''Himself'' (Interim)
| term_start4        = 27 May 1964
| term_end4          = 7 June 1964
| predecessor4        = [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]
| successor4          = [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]]
| office5 = [[Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission]] | predecessor5 = ''position established'' | term5 = 17 February 1953 - 21 September 1963  | successor5 = [[V. T. Krishnamachari]] | office6 = 2nd [[Leader of the House in Lok Sabha]] | term6 = 11 January 1966 - 24 January 1966 | term7 = 27 May 1964- 9 June 1964 | predecessor6 = [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] | successor6 = [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]] | predecessor7 = [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]] | successor7 = [[Satya Narayan Sinha]] | birth_date          = {{birth date|1898|7|4|df=y}}
| birth_place        = [[Sialkot]], [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province]], [[British India]]
| death_date          = {{death date and age|1998|1|15|1898|7|4|df=y}}
| death_date          = {{death date and age|1998|1|15|1898|7|4|df=y}}
| height.            = [[ 5.9 ]]
| death_place        = [[Ahmedabad]], [[Gujarat]], [[India]]
| death_place        = [[Ahmedabad]], [[Gujarat]], [[India]]
| party              = [[Indian National Congress]]
| party              = [[Indian National Congress]]
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| relations          =  
| relations          =  
| children            = 2 sons and 1 daughter
| children            = 2 sons and 1 daughter
| parents            = |
| parents            =  
}}
}}
 
'''Gulzarilal Nanda''' (4 July 1898 – 15 January 1998)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/1998/jan/15nan.htm |title=Rediff on the NeT: Former PM Gulzarilal Nanda dead |work=Rediff.com |access-date=2015-05-25}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Disha Experts |title=General Awareness for SSC Exams - CGL/ CHSL/ MTS/ GD Constable/ Stenographer |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NrctDwAAQBAJ&pg=SL2-PA90 |date=10 July 2017 |publisher=Disha Publications |isbn=978-93-86323-29-3 |page=2}}</ref> was an Indian politician and economist who specialised in [[Labor economics|labour issues]]. He was the Interim [[Prime Minister of India]] for two 13-day tenures following the deaths of [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] in 1964 and [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]] in 1966 respectively. Both his terms ended after the ruling [[Indian National Congress]]'s parliamentary party elected a new prime minister. He was awarded the [[Bharat Ratna]], India's highest civilian award, in 1997.
'''Gulzarilal Nanda''' (4 July 1898 – 15 January 1998)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/1998/jan/15nan.htm |title=Rediff on the NeT: Former PM Gulzarilal Nanda dead |publisher=Rediff.com |access-date=2015-05-25}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Disha Experts |title=General Awareness for SSC Exams - CGL/ CHSL/ MTS/ GD Constable/ Stenographer |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NrctDwAAQBAJ&pg=SL2-PA90 |date=10 July 2017 |publisher=Disha Publications |isbn=978-93-86323-29-3 |page=2}}</ref> was an Indian politician and economist who specialized in [[Labor economics|labour issues]]. He was the [[Prime Minister of India]] for two short periods following the deaths of [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] in 1964 and [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]] in 1966. Both his terms ended after the ruling [[Indian National Congress]]'s parliamentary party elected a new prime minister. He was awarded the [[Bharat Ratna]], India's highest civilian award, in 1997.


==Early life==
==Early life==
===Born===
===Birth===
Nanda was born on 4 July 1898 in [[Sialkot]] in the [[Punjab (India)|Punjab Province of India]] into a [[Punjabi Hindu]] family (Sialkot became a part of the [[Punjab (Pakistan)|Punjab Province of Pakistan]] in 1947, after the partition of [[British India]] into [[India]] and [[Pakistan]]). Nanda received his education in [[Lahore]], [[Amritsar]], [[Agra]], and [[Allahabad]].{{citation needed|date=September 2011}}
 
===Research worker===
Nanda worked as a research scholar on labour problems at [[Allahabad University]] (1920–1921), and became a Professor of Economics at National College in [[Bombay]] ([[Mumbai]]) in 1921.{{citation needed|date=July 2013}} The same year, he joined the Indian [[Non-Cooperation Movement]] against the British Raj. In 1922, he became secretary of the Ahmedabad [[Textile Labour Association]] where he worked until 1946. He was imprisoned for [[Satyagraha]] in 1932, and again from 1942 to 1944.{{citation needed|date=July 2013}}. He was honored with "Proud Past Alumni" in the list of 42 members, from "Allahabad University Alumni Association", NCR, Ghaziabad (Greater Noida) Chapter 2007–2008 registered under society act 1860 with registration no. 407/2000.<ref>[https://archive.is/20120707073335/http://auaa.in/?page_id=31 "She is Proud Past Alumni Allahabad University"]. auaa.in.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081011000917/http://www.auaa.in/proudpast.html "Internet Archive of Proud Past Alumni"]. auaa.in.</ref><ref>[https://archive.is/20120707073335/http://auaa.in/?page_id=31 "Internet Archive of Proud Past Alumni"]. auaa.in.</ref>


He married Lakshmi, with whom he had two sons and a daughter.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Kalhan|first1=Promilla|title=Gulzarilal Nanda: A Life in the Service of the People|date=1997|publisher=Allied Publishers|page=xvi|isbn=9788170236931|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KuhcRfddkQMC&pg=PR16}}</ref>
Nanda was born on 4 July 1898 in [[Sialkot]] in the [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]], [[British India]] in a [[Punjabi Hindu]] [[Khatri]] family.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Puri|first=Baij Nath|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7ytuAAAAMAAJ&q=baij+nath+puri+gulzarilal+nanda+khatri|title=The Khatris, a Socio-cultural Study|date=1988|publisher=M.N. Publishers and Distributors|language=en}}</ref> Sialkot later became a part of the [[Punjab (Pakistan)|Punjab Province of Pakistan]] in 1947, after the partition of [[ India]]. Nanda received his education in [[Lahore]], [[Amritsar]], [[Agra]], and [[Allahabad]].


==Members of Assembly and Parliament==
He met Mahatma Gandhi in 1921, where he settled in Gujarat on his request.
{{unreferenced section|date=August 2012}}


===[[British Raj]]===
{{citation needed|date=September 2011}}
In the British Raj, Nanda was elected to the [[Bombay Legislative Assembly]] in 1937, and served as parliamentary secretary (for Labor and Excise) to the [[Government of Bombay]] from 1937 to 1939. As Labour Minister of the Bombay Government during 1946–1950, he successfully piloted the Labor Disputes Bill in the state assembly. He served as a Trustee of the Kasturba Memorial Trust. (Kasturba was the wife of [[Mahatma Gandhi]].) He served as secretary of the Hindustan Mazdoor Sevak Sangh (Indian Labor Welfare Organization), and Chairman of the Bombay Housing Board. He was a member of the National Planning Committee. He was largely instrumental in organising the [[Indian National Trade Union Congress]], and later became its president.


In 1947, Nanda went to [[Geneva]], [[Switzerland]] as a government delegate to the International Labor Conference. He worked on The Freedom of Association Committee of the Conference, and visited [[Sweden]], [[France]], [[Switzerland]], [[Belgium]], and the [[United Kingdom]] to study labour and housing conditions in those countries.
===Research worker===
Nanda worked as a research scholar on labour problems at [[Allahabad University]] (1920–1921), and became a professor of economics at National College in [[Bombay]] ([[Mumbai]]) in 1921.{{citation needed|date=July 2013}} The same year, he joined the Indian [[Non-Cooperation Movement]] against the British Raj. In 1922, he became secretary of the Ahmedabad [[Textile Labour Association]] where he worked until 1946. He was imprisoned for [[Satyagraha]] in 1932, and again from 1942 to 1944.{{citation needed|date=July 2013}}. He was honoured with "Proud Past Alumni" in the list of 42 members, from "Allahabad University Alumni Association", NCR, Ghaziabad (Greater Noida) Chapter 2007–2008 registered under society act 1860 with registration no. 407/2000.<ref>[https://archive.today/20120707073335/http://auaa.in/?page_id=31 "She is Proud Past Alumni Allahabad University"]. auaa.in.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081011000917/http://www.auaa.in/proudpast.html "Internet Archive of Proud Past Alumni"]. auaa.in.</ref><ref>[https://archive.today/20120707073335/http://auaa.in/?page_id=31 "Internet Archive of Proud Past Alumni"]. auaa.in.</ref>


===Indian Planning Commission===
He married Lakshmi, with whom he had two sons and a daughter.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Kalhan|first1=Promilla|title=Gulzarilal Nanda: A Life in the Service of the People|date=1997|publisher=Allied Publishers|page=xvi|isbn=9788170236931|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KuhcRfddkQMC&pg=PR16}}</ref>
In March 1950, Nanda joined the Indian Planning Commission as its vice-chairman. In September 1951, he was appointed Planning Minister in the Indian Government. He was also given charge of the portfolios of Irrigation and Power. He was elected to the [[Lok Sabha]] from Bombay in the general elections of 1952, and was reappointed Minister for Planning, Irrigation, and Power. He led the Indian Delegation to the Plan Consultative Committee held in [[Singapore]] in 1955, and the International Labor Conference held in Geneva in 1959.


===Lok Sabha member===
==Lok Sabha member==
Nanda was elected to the Lok Sabha in the 1957 elections, and was appointed Union Minister for Labour, Employment and Planning, and later, as Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission. He visited the [[Federal Republic of Germany]], [[Yugoslavia]], and Austria in 1959.
Nanda was elected to the Lok Sabha in the 1957 elections, and was appointed Union Minister for Labour, Employment and Planning, and later, as Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission. He visited the [[Federal Republic of Germany]], [[Yugoslavia]], and Austria in 1959.


Nanda was re-elected to the Lok Sabha in the 1962 elections from the [[Sabarkantha]] constituency in [[Gujarat]]. He initiated the Congress Forum for Socialist Action in 1962. He was Union Minister for Labour and Employment in 1962–1963, and [[Minister for Home Affairs]] in 1963–1966.
Nanda was re-elected to the Lok Sabha in the 1962 elections from the [[Sabarkantha]] constituency in [[Gujarat]]. He initiated the Congress Forum for Socialist Action in 1962. He was Union Minister for Labour and Employment in 1962–1963, and [[Minister for Home Affairs]] in 1963–1966.


Nanda was re-elected to the Lok Sabha in the 1967 and 1971 elections from the [[Kaithal (Lok Sabha Constituency)]] in [[Haryana]].<ref name="5-ls">{{cite web|title=Fifth Lok Sabha -State wise Details – Haryana|url=http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Members/statedetailar.aspx?state_name=Haryana&lsno=4|access-date=22 December 2017}}</ref>
Nanda was re-elected to the Lok Sabha in the 1967 and 1971 elections from the [[Kaithal (Lok Sabha Constituency)]] in [[Haryana]]. He was a principled man. In 1971, he resigned from the Congress saying that he did not like the politics of that era. <ref name="5-ls">{{cite web|title=Fifth Lok Sabha -State wise Details – Haryana|url=http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Members/statedetailar.aspx?state_name=Haryana&lsno=4|access-date=22 December 2017}}</ref>{{better source|date=January 2022}}


==Prime Minister==
== Interim Prime Minister ==
Nanda was the Prime Minister of India twice for thirteen days each: the first time after the death of Prime Minister [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] in 1964, and the second time after the death of Prime Minister [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]] in 1966.<ref>[http://pmindia.nic.in/pastpm.php Former PMs of India] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140625084219/http://pmindia.nic.in/pastpm.php |date=25 June 2014 }}</ref> He was the Home Minister of India during both these periods, and this is the reason why he acted as Prime Minister. Both his terms were uneventful, yet they came at sensitive times because of the potential danger to the country following Nehru's death soon after a war with China in 1962 and Shastri's death after a war with Pakistan in 1965.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iloveindia.com/indian-heroes/gulzarilal-nanda.html |title=Gulzarilal Nanda Biography – Gulzarilal Nanda Profile, Childhood, Life, Timeline |publisher=Iloveindia.com |date=1998-01-15 |access-date=2015-05-25}}</ref> Nanda died on 15 January 1998 at the age of 99; from 25 November 1997 when former [[Malawian]] President [[Hastings Banda]] died, until his own death Nanda was the oldest living former State Leader.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1998/01/18/deaths/3c6cae5b-af47-4075-a8b6-a3ce7c65702f/ DEATHS]. The Washington Post (18 January 1998). Retrieved on 2018-11-28.</ref> At his death, Nanda was the last surviving member of the second and third Nehru cabinets and the last living state leader to have been born in the 19th century.
Nanda was the Interim Prime Minister of India twice for thirteen days each: the first time after the death of first Prime Minister [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] in 1964, and the second time after the death of Prime Minister [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]] in 1966.<ref>[http://pmindia.nic.in/pastpm.php Former PMs of India] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140625084219/http://pmindia.nic.in/pastpm.php |date=25 June 2014 }}</ref> He was the Home Minister of India during both these periods, and this is the reason why he was chosen as Prime Minister. The Indian Constitution has no provision of Acting Prime Minister as is widely circulated but incorrectly. Both his terms were uneventful, yet they came at sensitive times because of the potential danger to the country following Nehru's death soon after a war with China in 1962 and Shastri's death after a war with Pakistan in 1965.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iloveindia.com/indian-heroes/gulzarilal-nanda.html |title=Gulzarilal Nanda Biography – Gulzarilal Nanda Profile, Childhood, Life, Timeline |publisher=Iloveindia.com |date=1998-01-15 |access-date=2015-05-25}}</ref> Nanda died on 15 January 1998 at the age of 99; from 25 November 1997 when former [[Malawian]] President [[Hastings Banda]] died; until his own death Nanda was the oldest living former state leader.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1998/01/18/deaths/3c6cae5b-af47-4075-a8b6-a3ce7c65702f/ DEATHS]. The Washington Post (18 January 1998). Retrieved on 2018-11-28.</ref> At his death, Nanda was the last surviving member of the second and third Nehru cabinets and the last living state leader to have been born in the 19th century.
 
== Gandhian life ==
He lived a very simple life, with no personal property at the time of his death. He never allowed politics to influence his family life. Yet he always had enough time for his family. He once engaged his government provided driver for a car that was used by his family. He never allowed his family to use his official vehicle. He once got angry with his staff when he learned that his grandson, Tejas used his office paper and drew a picture. He immediately purchased paper from market and gave his grandson to draw on it.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-04-01|title=Gulzarilal Nanda — Frugal and honest life dedicated to country|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/gulzarilal-nanda-frugal-and-honest-life-dedicated-to-country/articleshow/33078741.cms|access-date=2022-08-05|website=Times Of India|language=en}}</ref>
 
He was also concerned about rising corruption in the country and suggested to decrease wasteful consumption by officials and people in general. He had also opposed Indira Gandhi's Emergency, as he felt that the sacrifices to bring democracy to India became meaningless due to the tyranny.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-15|title=Gulzarilal Nanda Death Anniversary: 10 Things to Know about the Former Prime Minister of India|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/gulzarilal-nanda-death-anniversary-10-things-to-know-about-the-former-prime-minister-of-india-3291047.html|access-date=2022-02-10|website=News18|language=en}}</ref>


== In popular culture ==
== In popular culture ==
''A Dedicated Worker -  Shri Gulzarilal Nanda'' is a 1999 [[Short film|short]] [[documentary film]] directed by A. K. Goorha and produced by the [[Films Division of India]] which covers Nanda's work towards labourers and others as the PM and otherwise.<ref>{{Cite web|title=DEDICATED WORKER ,A – SHRI GULZARILAL NANDA` {{!}} Films Division|url=https://filmsdivision.org/shop/dedicated-worker-a-shri-gulzarilal-nanda|access-date=2021-06-11|website=filmsdivision.org}}</ref>
''A Dedicated Worker – Shri Gulzarilal Nanda'' is a 1999 [[Short film|short]] [[documentary film]] directed by A. K. Goorha and produced by the [[Films Division of India]] which covers Nanda's work towards labourers and others as the PM and otherwise.<ref>{{Cite web|title=DEDICATED WORKER ,A – SHRI GULZARILAL NANDA' {{!}} Films Division|url=https://filmsdivision.org/shop/dedicated-worker-a-shri-gulzarilal-nanda|access-date=2021-06-11|website=filmsdivision.org}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
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==Further reading==
==Further reading==
{{Commons category|Gulzarilal Nanda}}
 
{{Wikiquote}}
 
* {{cite book|last1=Kalhan|first1=Promilla|title=Gulzarilal Nanda: A Life in the Service of the People|date=1997|publisher=Allied Publishers|isbn=9788170236931|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KuhcRfddkQMC&pg=PR16}}
* {{cite book|last1=Kalhan|first1=Promilla|title=Gulzarilal Nanda: A Life in the Service of the People|date=1997|publisher=Allied Publishers|isbn=9788170236931|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KuhcRfddkQMC&pg=PR16}}


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{{s-bef|rows=3|before=[[Jawaharlal Nehru]]}}
{{s-bef|rows=3|before=[[Jawaharlal Nehru]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Prime Minister of India]]<br/><small>Acting</small>|years=1964}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Prime Minister of India]]<br/><small></small>|years=1964}}
{{s-aft|rows=3|after=[[Lal Bahadur Shastri]]}}
{{s-aft|rows=3|after=[[Lal Bahadur Shastri]]}}
|-
|-
{{s-ttl|title=Chairperson of the [[Planning Commission (India)|Planning Commission]]<br/><small>Acting</small>|years=1964}}
{{s-ttl|title=Chairperson of the [[Planning Commission (India)|Planning Commission]]<br/><small></small>|years=1964}}
|-
|-
{{s-ttl|title=[[Minister of External Affairs (India)|Minister of External Affairs]]|years=1964}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Minister of External Affairs (India)|Minister of External Affairs]]|years=1964}}
|-
|-
{{s-bef|rows=2|before=[[Lal Bahadur Shastri]]}}
{{s-bef|rows=2|before=[[Lal Bahadur Shastri]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Prime Minister of India]]<br/><small>Acting</small>|years=1966}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Prime Minister of India]]<br/><small></small>|years=1966}}
{{s-aft|rows=2|after=[[Indira Gandhi]]}}
{{s-aft|rows=2|after=[[Indira Gandhi]]}}
|-
|-
{{s-ttl|title=Chairperson of the [[Planning Commission (India)|Planning Commission]]<br/><small>Acting</small>|years=1966}}
{{s-ttl|title=Chairperson of the [[Planning Commission (India)|Planning Commission]]<br/><small></small>|years=1966}}
{{S-ach|rec}}
{{succession box
| title  = [[List of oldest living state leaders|Oldest living state leader]]
| years  = 25 November 1997 – 15 January 1998
| before = [[Hastings Banda]]
| after  = [[Konstantinos Kollias]]
}}
{{s-end}}
{{s-end}}
{{Prime Ministers of India}}
{{Prime Ministers of India}}
{{Home Ministry (India)}}
{{Home Ministry (India)}}
{{Energy Ministries and Departments of India}}
{{Energy Ministries and Departments of India}}
{{Indian National Congress}}
{{Bharat Ratna}}
{{Bharat Ratna}}
{{Padma Vibhushan Awards}}
{{Padma Vibhushan Awards}}
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[[Category:1898 births]]
[[Category:1898 births]]
[[Category:1998 deaths]]
[[Category:1998 deaths]]
[[Category:1st Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:India MPs 1952–1957]]
[[Category:2nd Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:India MPs 1957–1962]]
[[Category:3rd Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:India MPs 1962–1967]]
[[Category:4th Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:India MPs 1967–1970]]
[[Category:5th Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:India MPs 1971–1977]]
[[Category:Bombay State politicians]]
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[[Category:Indian Hindus]]
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[[Category:Railway Ministers of India]]
[[Category:Railway Ministers of India]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Bharat Ratna]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Bharat Ratna]]
[[Category:20th-century Prime Ministers of India]]
[[Category:20th-century prime ministers of India]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Vibhushan in public affairs]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Vibhushan in public affairs]]
[[Category:University of Allahabad alumni]]
[[Category:University of Allahabad alumni]]
[[Category:State funerals in India]]
Swarup Rani Nehru (née Thussu, 1868 – 10 January 1938) was the wife of the barrister and Indian National Congress leader Motilal Nehru and mother of India's first prime minister, Jawaharlal Nehru

Latest revision as of 13:00, 22 July 2023


Template:Officeholder Gulzarilal Nanda (4 July 1898 – 15 January 1998)[1][2] was an Indian politician and economist who specialised in labour issues. He was the Interim Prime Minister of India for two 13-day tenures following the deaths of Jawaharlal Nehru in 1964 and Lal Bahadur Shastri in 1966 respectively. Both his terms ended after the ruling Indian National Congress's parliamentary party elected a new prime minister. He was awarded the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian award, in 1997.

Early life[edit]

Birth[edit]

Nanda was born on 4 July 1898 in Sialkot in the Punjab, British India in a Punjabi Hindu Khatri family.[3] Sialkot later became a part of the Punjab Province of Pakistan in 1947, after the partition of India. Nanda received his education in Lahore, Amritsar, Agra, and Allahabad.

He met Mahatma Gandhi in 1921, where he settled in Gujarat on his request.[citation needed]

Research worker[edit]

Nanda worked as a research scholar on labour problems at Allahabad University (1920–1921), and became a professor of economics at National College in Bombay (Mumbai) in 1921.[citation needed] The same year, he joined the Indian Non-Cooperation Movement against the British Raj. In 1922, he became secretary of the Ahmedabad Textile Labour Association where he worked until 1946. He was imprisoned for Satyagraha in 1932, and again from 1942 to 1944.[citation needed]. He was honoured with "Proud Past Alumni" in the list of 42 members, from "Allahabad University Alumni Association", NCR, Ghaziabad (Greater Noida) Chapter 2007–2008 registered under society act 1860 with registration no. 407/2000.[4][5][6]

He married Lakshmi, with whom he had two sons and a daughter.[7]

Lok Sabha member[edit]

Nanda was elected to the Lok Sabha in the 1957 elections, and was appointed Union Minister for Labour, Employment and Planning, and later, as Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission. He visited the Federal Republic of Germany, Yugoslavia, and Austria in 1959.

Nanda was re-elected to the Lok Sabha in the 1962 elections from the Sabarkantha constituency in Gujarat. He initiated the Congress Forum for Socialist Action in 1962. He was Union Minister for Labour and Employment in 1962–1963, and Minister for Home Affairs in 1963–1966.

Nanda was re-elected to the Lok Sabha in the 1967 and 1971 elections from the Kaithal (Lok Sabha Constituency) in Haryana. He was a principled man. In 1971, he resigned from the Congress saying that he did not like the politics of that era. [8][better source needed]

Interim Prime Minister[edit]

Nanda was the Interim Prime Minister of India twice for thirteen days each: the first time after the death of first Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru in 1964, and the second time after the death of Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri in 1966.[9] He was the Home Minister of India during both these periods, and this is the reason why he was chosen as Prime Minister. The Indian Constitution has no provision of Acting Prime Minister as is widely circulated but incorrectly. Both his terms were uneventful, yet they came at sensitive times because of the potential danger to the country following Nehru's death soon after a war with China in 1962 and Shastri's death after a war with Pakistan in 1965.[10] Nanda died on 15 January 1998 at the age of 99; from 25 November 1997 when former Malawian President Hastings Banda died; until his own death Nanda was the oldest living former state leader.[11] At his death, Nanda was the last surviving member of the second and third Nehru cabinets and the last living state leader to have been born in the 19th century.

Gandhian life[edit]

He lived a very simple life, with no personal property at the time of his death. He never allowed politics to influence his family life. Yet he always had enough time for his family. He once engaged his government provided driver for a car that was used by his family. He never allowed his family to use his official vehicle. He once got angry with his staff when he learned that his grandson, Tejas used his office paper and drew a picture. He immediately purchased paper from market and gave his grandson to draw on it.[12]

He was also concerned about rising corruption in the country and suggested to decrease wasteful consumption by officials and people in general. He had also opposed Indira Gandhi's Emergency, as he felt that the sacrifices to bring democracy to India became meaningless due to the tyranny.[13]

In popular culture[edit]

A Dedicated Worker – Shri Gulzarilal Nanda is a 1999 short documentary film directed by A. K. Goorha and produced by the Films Division of India which covers Nanda's work towards labourers and others as the PM and otherwise.[14]

References[edit]

  1. ↑ "Rediff on the NeT: Former PM Gulzarilal Nanda dead". Rediff.com. Retrieved 25 May 2015.
  2. ↑ Disha Experts (10 July 2017). General Awareness for SSC Exams - CGL/ CHSL/ MTS/ GD Constable/ Stenographer. Disha Publications. p. 2. ISBN 978-93-86323-29-3.
  3. ↑ Puri, Baij Nath (1988). The Khatris, a Socio-cultural Study. M.N. Publishers and Distributors.
  4. ↑ "She is Proud Past Alumni Allahabad University". auaa.in.
  5. ↑ "Internet Archive of Proud Past Alumni". auaa.in.
  6. ↑ "Internet Archive of Proud Past Alumni". auaa.in.
  7. ↑ Kalhan, Promilla (1997). Gulzarilal Nanda: A Life in the Service of the People. Allied Publishers. p. xvi. ISBN 9788170236931.
  8. ↑ "Fifth Lok Sabha -State wise Details – Haryana". Retrieved 22 December 2017.
  9. ↑ Former PMs of India Archived 25 June 2014 at the Wayback Machine
  10. ↑ "Gulzarilal Nanda Biography – Gulzarilal Nanda Profile, Childhood, Life, Timeline". Iloveindia.com. 15 January 1998. Retrieved 25 May 2015.
  11. ↑ DEATHS. The Washington Post (18 January 1998). Retrieved on 2018-11-28.
  12. ↑ "Gulzarilal Nanda — Frugal and honest life dedicated to country". Times Of India. 1 April 2014. Retrieved 5 August 2022.
  13. ↑ "Gulzarilal Nanda Death Anniversary: 10 Things to Know about the Former Prime Minister of India". News18. 15 January 2021. Retrieved 10 February 2022.
  14. ↑ "DEDICATED WORKER ,A – SHRI GULZARILAL NANDA' | Films Division". filmsdivision.org. Retrieved 11 June 2021.

Further reading[edit]

Political offices
Preceded by
Lal Bahadur Shastri 		Minister of Home Affairs
1963–1966 		Succeeded by
Yashwantrao Chavan
Preceded by
Jawaharlal Nehru 		Prime Minister of India

1964 		Succeeded by
Lal Bahadur Shastri
Chairperson of the Planning Commission

1964
Minister of External Affairs
1964
Preceded by
Lal Bahadur Shastri 		Prime Minister of India

1966 		Succeeded by
Indira Gandhi
Chairperson of the Planning Commission

1966

Swarup Rani Nehru (née Thussu, 1868 – 10 January 1938) was the wife of the barrister and Indian National Congress leader Motilal Nehru and mother of India's first prime minister, Jawaharlal Nehru

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