List of Indian National Congress breakaway parties

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Since India gained independence in 1947, the Indian National Congress (INC) has seen a steady number of splits and breakaway factions. Some of the breakaway organisations have thrived as independent parties, some have become defunct, while others have merged with the parent party or other political parties.

List of breakaway parties[edit]

Year Party Leader Region Status
1923 Swaraj Party Chittaranjan Das, Motilal Nehru Bengal Presidency defunct
merged with Indian National Congress
1939 All India Forward Bloc[1] Sardul Singh Caveeshar
Sheel Bhadra Yagee
Subhas Chandra Bose
National active
1951 Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party[2] Jivatram Kripalani Mysore state
Madras State
Delhi
Vindhya Pradesh
defunct
merged with Praja Socialist Party
1951 Hyderabad State Praja Party Tanguturi Prakasam
N. G. Ranga
Hyderabad State defunct
merged with Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party
1951 Saurashtra Khedut Sangh Narsinhbhai Dadhaniya
Ratibhai Ukabhai
Saurashtra State defunct
merged with Swatantra Party
1956 Indian National Democratic Congress[3] C. Rajagopalachari Madras State defunct
merged with Swatantra Party
1959 Swatantra Party[4] C. Rajagopalachari
N. G. Ranga
Bihar
Rajasthan
Gujarat
Orissa
defunct
merged with Bharatiya Kranti Dal in 1974
1964 Kerala Congress[5] K. M. George Kerala active as the original party has various factions, which have split off from it such as Kerala Congress (M), Kerala Congress (Jacob), Kerala Congress (B), Kerala Congress (Democratic), Kerala Congress (Skaria Thomas), Kerala Congress (Thomas), Kerala Congress (Nationalist)
1966 Orissa Jana Congress Harekrushna Mahatab Odisha defunct
merged with Janata Party
1967 Bangla Congress Ajoy Mukherjee West Bengal defunct
merged with INC
1967 Vishal Haryana Party Birender Singh Haryana defunct
merged with INC
1967 Bharatiya Kranti Dal[6][7] Charan Singh Uttar Pradesh defunct
merged with Bharatiya Lok Dal
1968 Manipur Peoples Party[8] Mohammed Alimuddin Manipur active
1969 Indian National Congress (R) Indira Gandhi National active
recognized as the INC by the Election Commission (EC) after the 1971 general election. The party was allowed to call itself the Indian National Congress without any suffix and the EC also restored the frozen Congress symbol of two bullocks to it. But, Indira Gandhi's supporters preferred the “Calf and Cow” symbol it had adopted after the 1969 split and dropped the suffix “R”..[9]
1969 Indian National Congress (Organisation)[10] K. Kamaraj
Morarji Desai
National defunct
merged with Janata Party
1969 Utkal Congress Biju Patnaik Odisha defunct
merged with Janata Party
1969 Telangana Praja Samithi Marri Chenna Reddy Andhra Pradesh defunct
merged with INC
1971 Biplobi Bangla Congress Sukumar Roy West Bengal active
part of the Left Front (West Bengal)
1977 Congress for Democracy[11] Jagjivan Ram National defunct
merged with Janata party
1978 Indian National Congress (Indira) Indira Gandhi National Recognised by the Election Commission as the INC in 1983
1979 Indian National Congress (Urs) D. Devaraj Urs Karnataka
Kerala
Maharashtra
Goa
defunct
1980 Congress (A) A. K. Antony Kerala defunct
merged with INC
1981 Indian National Congress (Socialist)[12] Sharad Pawar Karnataka
Kerala
Maharashtra
Goa
defunct
merged with INC
1981 Indian National Congress (Jagjivan)[12] Jagjivan Ram Bihar defunct
1984 Indian Congress (Socialist) - Sarat Chandra Sinha[13] Sarat Chandra Sinha Assam active
Major faction of the party merged with Nationalist Congress Party. However a residual faction still exists in Kerala as a part of Left Front.
1986 Rashtriya Samajwadi Congress Pranab Mukherjee West Bengal defunct
merged with INC
1988 Thamizhaga Munnetra Munnani[14] Sivaji Ganesan Tamil Nadu defunct
merged with Janata Dal
1990 Haryana Vikas Party Bansi Lal Haryana defunct
merged with INC in 2004
1994 All India Indira Congress (Tiwari)[15] Narayan Datt Tiwari
Arjun Singh
Natwar Singh
Rangarajan Kumaramangalam
Uttar Pradesh defunct
merged with INC
1994 Karnataka Congress Party Bangarappa Karnataka defunct
merged with INC
1994 Tamizhaga Rajiv Congress Vazhapadi Ramamurthy Tamil Nadu defunct
merged with INC
1996 Karnataka Vikas Party Bangarappa Karnataka defunct
merged with INC
1996 Arunachal Congress Gegong Apang Arunachal Pradesh defunct
merged with INC
1996
2014
Tamil Maanila Congress (Moopanar)[16] G. K. Moopanar 1996-2001
G. K. Vasan (2014–present)
Tamil Nadu active
merged with INC in 2001
split again from INC in 2014
1996 Madhya Pradesh Vikas Congress Madhavrao Scindia Madhya Pradesh defunct
merged with INC
1997 Tamil Nadu Makkal Congress Vazhapadi Ramamurthy Tamil Nadu defunct
1997 Himachal Vikas Congress Sukh Ram Himachal Pradesh defunct
merged with INC
1997 Manipur State Congress Party[17] Wahengbam Nipamacha Singh Manipur defunct
merged with RJD
1998 All India Trinamool Congress Mamata Banerjee West Bengal active
left the alliance with INC
1998 Goa Rajiv Congress Party Francis de Souza Goa defunct
merged with Nationalist Congress Party
1998 Arunachal Congress (Mithi) Mukut Mithi Arunachal Pradesh defunct
merged with INC
1998 All India Indira Congress (Secular)[18] Sis Ram Ola Rajasthan defunct
merged with INC
1998 Maharashtra Vikas Aghadi[19] Suresh Kalmadi Maharashtra defunct
merged with INC
1999 Bharatiya Jan Congress Jagannath Mishra Bihar defunct
merged with Nationalist Congress Party
1999 Nationalist Congress Party Sharad Pawar
P.A. Sangma
Tariq Anwar
Maharashtra
Meghalaya
Bihar
Kerala
active
in alliance with INC. In Kerala NCP is a member of the CPIM led Left Democratic Front, opposing INC led UDF
1999 Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party Mufti Mohammad Sayeed Jammu and Kashmir active
2000 Goa People's Congress Francisco Sardinha Goa defunct
merged with INC
2001 Congress Jananayaka Peravai P. Chidambaram Tamil Nadu defunct
merged with indian national congress
2001 Thondar Congress Kumari Ananthan Tamil Nadu defunct
merged with INC
2001 Pondicherry Makkal Congress P. Kannan Puducherry defunct
2002 Vidarbha Janata Congress Jambuwantrao Dhote Maharashtra active
2002 Indian National Congress (Sheik Hassan) Sheik Hassan Goa defunct
merged with Bharatiya Janata Party
2002 Gujarat Janata Congress Chhabildas Mehta Gujarat defunct
merged with NCP
2003 Congress (Dolo) Kameng Dolo Arunachal Pradesh defunct
merged with Bharatiya Janata Party
2003 Nagaland People's Front Neiphiu Rio Nagaland active
2005 Pondicherry Munnetra Congress P. Kannan Puducherry defunct
merged with INC
2005 Democratic Indira Congress (Karunakaran)[20] K. Karunakaran Kerala defunct
merged with Nationalist Congress Party and a large number of workers returned to the INC with K. Karunakaran later his son K. Muraleedharan also returned to INC
2007 Haryana Janhit Congress (BL) Kuldeep Bishnoi Haryana merged with INC
2008 Pragatisheel Indira Congress (PIC) Somendra Nath Mitra West Bengal defunct
merged with All India Trinamool Congress
2011 YSR Congress Party Y. S. Jaganmohan Reddy Andhra Pradesh active
2011 All India N.R Congress N. Rangaswamy Puducherry active
2014 Jai Samaikyandhra Party Nallari Kiran Kumar Reddy Andhra pradesh defunct
merged with Indian National Congress
2016 Chhattisgarh Janata Congress Ajit Jogi Chhattisgarh active
2021 Punjab Lok Congress Captain Amarinder Singh Punjab active

References[edit]

  1. Ghosh, Asok (ed.), A Short History of the All India Forward Bloc. Kolkata: Bengal Lokmat Printers Pvt Ltd., 2001. p. 55
  2. Amit Mukherjee (3 April 2004). "The case of the missing socialists". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 21 October 2012. Retrieved 25 October 2009.
  3. Bose, K.; Forward Bloc. Madras: 1988, Tamil Nadu Academy of Political Science. p. 94-95, 119, 175-184, 212
  4. Rajmohan Gandhi. "Its tone being liberal as well as conservative, Swatantra reached out to moderate Hindus and non-Hindus in ways not available to the Jan Sangh". Rediff. Retrieved 25 October 2009.
  5. "P. T. Chacko, Pullolil". Archived from the original on 11 April 2011. Retrieved 8 April 2011.
  6. Harsh Singh Lohit. Charan Singh, A Brief Life History. Charan Singh Archives.
  7. Wallace, Paul. India: The Dispersion of Political Power Paul Wallace, in Asian Survey, Vol. 8, No. 2, A Survey of Asia in 1967: Part II. (Feb., 1968), pp. 68. JSTOR 2642338
  8. Ksh Kennedy Singh (25 January 2009). "The MPP and the People of Manipur". Manipuronline.com. Archived from the original on 13 May 2008. Retrieved 25 October 2009.
  9. Mukharjee, Aditya. "Congress and the Making of the Indian Nation". Academic Foundation, New Delhi. Archived from the original on 7 December 2016. Retrieved 17 May 2014.
  10. Chandra, Bipan & others (2000). India after Independence 1947-2000, New Delhi:Penguin Books, ISBN 0-14-027825-7, p.236
  11. G. G. Mirchandani (2003). 320 Million Judges. Abhinav Publications. pp. 90–100. ISBN 81-7017-061-3.
  12. 12.0 12.1 Andersen, Walter K.. India in 1981: Stronger Political Authority and Social Tension, published in Asian Survey, Vol. 22, No. 2, A Survey of Asia in 1981: Part II (Feb., 1982), pp. 119-135
  13. "Spotlight: Merger with NCP". The Tribune. 11 June 1999. Retrieved 25 October 2009.
  14. Ashok Kumar (5 April 2006). "From MGR to Vijaykant, the film-politics nexus continues". The Hindu. Chennai, India. Archived from the original on 9 April 2006. Retrieved 25 October 2009.
  15. Bhavdeep Kang (3 April 2004). "A Sleight Of Hand". Outlook India. Retrieved 25 October 2009.
  16. T.S. Subramanian (15 September 2001). "Crusading Congressman". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 18 December 2001. Retrieved 25 October 2009.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  17. Kalyan Chaudhuri (2 February 2002). "A fractured verdict in Manipur". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 28 July 2011. Retrieved 27 October 2009.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  18. "MEMBERS OF XII LOK SABHA". Parliament of India. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 27 October 2009.
  19. "Pune set for triangular fight". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 5 April 2004. Archived from the original on 3 July 2004. Retrieved 12 November 2010.
  20. "Karunakaran's party gets new name". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 1 September 2005. Archived from the original on 5 December 2005. Retrieved 25 October 2009.

https://eci.nic.in/eci_main/mis-Political_Parties/Constitution_of_Political_Parties/ConstitutionOfINC.pdf

External links[edit]