Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region

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Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region
Emblem of India.svg
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Agency overview
FormedSeptember, 2001
JurisdictionIndiaRepublic of India
HeadquartersVigyan Bhavan Annexe, Maulana Azad Road, New Delhi -110 011.
Annual budget₹3,000 crore (US$420 million) (2018-19 est.)[1]
Ministers responsible
Websitemdoner.gov.in

The Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region is a Government of India ministry, established in September 2001, which functions as the nodal Department of the Central Government to deal with matters related to the socio-economic development of the eight States of Northeast India: Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura and Sikkim.[2] It acts as a facilitator between the Central Ministries/ Departments and the State Governments of the North Eastern Region in the economic development including removal of infrastructural bottlenecks, provision of basic minimum services, creating an environment for private investment and to remove impediments to lasting peace and security in the North Eastern Region.

The current, Minister of Development of North Eastern Region is G. Kishan Reddy.[3]

Functions and responsibilities[edit]

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The Department of Development of North Eastern Region (DoNER) was created in 2001 and was accorded the status of a full-fledged ministry on May 2004. The ministry is mainly concerned with the creation of infrastructure for economic development of North-Eastern region.

Main activities/functions of the DoNER.

  • Non Lapsible Central Pool of Resources (NLCPR)[4] Coordination with the Central Ministries and the State Governments of the NE states.
  • Capacity Building
  • Advocacy and Publicity
  • International Cooperation
  • Enterprises of the Department

Organisations[edit]

The ministry has following organisations functioning under it:[5]

  • North Eastern Development Finance Corporation Ltd.(NEDFi)
  • North Eastern Regional Agricultural Marketing Corporation Limited (NERAMAC)
  • The Sikkim Mining Corporation Limited. (SMC)
  • North Eastern Handlooms and Handicrafts Development Corporation (NEHHDC)

List Of Ministers[edit]

№ Name Term of office Political Party
(Alliance) 		Prime Minister Reference
1 C. P. Thakur 29 January 2003 23 May 2004 Bharatiya Janata Party
(National Democratic Alliance) 		Atal Bihari Vajpayee [6]
2 P. R. Kyndiah 23 May 2004 24 October 2006 Indian National Congress
(United Progressive Alliance) 		Manmohan Singh
3 Mani Shankar Aiyar 24 October 2006 22 May 2009
4 Bijoy Krishna Handique 31 May 2009 19 July 2011 [7]
5 Paban Singh Ghatowar
(MoS, Independent Charge) 		19 July 2011 26 May 2014
6 Gen. V. K. Singh
(MoS, Independent Charge) 		26 May 2014 9 November 2014 Bharatiya Janata Party
(National Democratic Alliance) 		Narendra Modi [8]
7 Jitendra Singh
(MoS, Independent Charge) 		9 November 2014 7 July 2021
8 G. Kishan Reddy 7 July 2021 Incumbent

List of Ministers of State[edit]

Minister of State in the Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region
Minister of state Portrait Political party Term Years
B. L. Verma Bharatiya Janata Party 7 July 2021 Incumbent 2 years, 216 days

Northeast India connectivity projects[edit]

See also: Look-East Connectivity

Commerce with South and East Asian nations accounts for almost 45% of India's foreign trade.[9][10] Myanmar and ASEAN nations are part of India's Look East policy.[11][12][13] India is part of ASEAN+6, Asia Cooperation Dialogue, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, Asian Clearing Union, Asian Development Bank, Bangladesh Bhutan India Nepal Initiative, BIMSTEC, East Asia Summit, Mekong-Ganga Cooperation, SAARC, South Asia Subregional Economic Cooperation, United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, Asian Highway Network and the Trans-Asian Railway network.[14][15]

Major initiatives covered are Transport between India and Bangladesh, Bangladesh–India border, India-Myanmar barrier, Bhutan–India border, McMahon Line, etc.

Bridges[edit]

Roads[edit]

International roads[edit]

NE has 5,000 km border with Nepal, Bhutan, China, Bangladesh and Myanmar while being isolated and connected to rest of India by 20 km narrow chicken-neck Siliguri Corridor.[16]

Strategic National Highways (NH)[edit]

13,500 km were NH out of total 3,76,819 km of road length in NE (March 2012).[16]

Other roads[edit]

  • North Eastern Council inter-state projects and roads:[33]
    • 47 new inter-state roads of 1,666 km costing ₹50,000 million (equivalent to ₹56 billion or US$790 million in 2019), of which 4 were taken within plan ending March 2017.[16]
    • 2014 to Dec 2017:[19][20]
      • ₹23,090 million (equivalent to ₹26 billion or US$370 million in 2019) projects executed,
      • ₹5,790 million (equivalent to ₹6.5 billion or US$92 million in 2019) to ₹9,690 million (equivalent to ₹11 billion or US$150 million in 2019) rise in the annual budget.
      • 56 to 138 increase in the number of projects, incl. Bramputra Study Centre established to research river ecosystem.
  • PMGSY roads in NE, including border village roads].[34] Relaxation to be given to the minimum 250 people habitation in case of villages within 50 km of border.[16]

Railway[edit]

Air[edit]

Airports development[edit]

NER Airports.[40] The Indian government upgraded 12 non-operational airports into operational airports in NE (May 2017, work started on 8 airports in 2014).[41][42] LGBIA Guwahati will operate as the inter-regional hub and Agartala Airport, Dibrugarh Airport and Imphal Airport will operate as intra-regional hubs by extending runways and apron, and by building terminal building and maintenance hangars at these airports.[42] Three new greenfield under-construction airports are Itanagar Holangi Airport, Pakyong Airport-Operationalized (Sikkim) and Chiethu Airport (Nagaland).[42]

Airports development phase-I (fy2016-17 to fy2019-20)[edit]

Airports Authority of India (AAI) will spend ₹25,000 million (equivalent to ₹28 billionTemplate:INRConvert/USD EUR in 2019) between 2018-2020, including the following will be completed by 2019-20 (c. Dec 2017):[43][44]

Airports development phase-II (fy2018-19 to -)[edit]

The central government will invest a further ₹80,000 million (equivalent to ₹90 billionTemplate:INRConvert/USD EUR in 2019) to develop more NR airports.[44] Several advanced landing ground heliports will be upgraded to dual army-civilian airports.[44] This likely includes the following:[46][41][42]

Flights[edit]

Among airports in Northeast India, the following were connected under UDAN:

UDAN flights[edit]

UDAN Phase-I flights started at Shillong Airport, Dimapur Airport, Imphal International Airport, Silchar Airport, Lengpui Aizawl Airport and Agartala Airport.[44]

UDAN Phase-II flights started at TBA?

Other flights[edit]

2014-2017 NEC plan proposes to work towards starting the following flights:[16]

Waterways[edit]

International NE waterways[edit]

Inland National waterways in NE[edit]

Power[edit]

As of December 2017, ₹98,650 million (equivalent to ₹110 billionTemplate:INRConvert/USD EUR in 2019) power transmission grid project approved in 2014 is being implemented of which 2,540 km lines already laid, and 16 hydro power projects of 5676 MW being implemented and additional 694 MW projects already implemented.[19][20]

Tourism[edit]

Projects include approval of ₹2,070 million (equivalent to ₹2.3 billionTemplate:INRConvert/USD EUR in 2019) in 2016 to prevent erosion of world's largest riverine island of Majuli, development of Spiritual Circuit in Manipur, Tourist Circuit in Sikkim, Tribal Circuit in Nagaland and Umiam Lake in meghalaya (Dec 2017 update).[19][20]

Look-East Connectivity[edit]

See also: Northeast connectivity projects

Commerce with South and East Asian nations accounts for almost 45% of India's foreign trade.[9][10] Myanmar and ASEAN nations are part of India's Look East policy.[50][51][52] India is part of ASEAN+6, Asia Cooperation Dialogue, Asian Clearing Union, Asian Development Bank, Bangladesh Bhutan India Nepal Initiative, BIMSTEC, East Asia Summit, Mekong-Ganga Cooperation, SAARC, South Asia Subregional Economic Cooperation, United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, Asian Highway Network and the Trans-Asian Railway network.[14][15]

Seaport development[edit]

  • Sittwe Port, Myanmar's multimodel port being developed by India
  • Sabang Deepsea Port, jointly developed by India and Indonesia under strategic military and economic agreement, Indira Point, India's southernmost point, is close to Indonesia's Rondo Island and Ache Province.

See also Extreme points of India

India-Myanmar-China Stilwell Road revival[edit]

Main article: Stilwell Road

Discussions are also proceeding on reopening the World War II-era Stilwell Road linking India's Assam state with China's Yunnan province through Myanmar.[15]

India–Myanmar–Thailand Trilateral Highway[edit]

India–Myanmar–Thailand Trilateral Highway, also known as the East-West Economic Corridor,[53] is a 3,200 km (2,000 mi) from India to Vietnam highway under construction under India's Look East policy, that will connect Moreh, India with Mae Sot, Thailand via Myanmar.[54] It is AH1 of Asian Highway Network. The road is expected to boost trade and commerce in the ASEAN–India Free Trade Area, as well as with the rest of Southeast Asia. India has also proposed extending the highway to Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam.[55]

India and ASEAN have plans to extend this route to Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam as this connectivity will generate annually, an estimated US$70 billion in incremental GDP and 20 million in incremental aggregate employment by 2025, and India has offered US$1 billion line-of-credit for this project (c. Dec 2017).[56]

Imphal-Moreh-Mandalay national highway upgrade[edit]

Imphal-Moreh-Mandalay Highway currently exists. In May 2017, the Indian Ministry of Road Transport and Highway stated that it would spend an estimated ₹7,500 million (equivalent to ₹8.5 billion or US$120 million in 2019) to upgrade roads and highways in North East India in order to boost the region's connectivity with Myanmar and Bangladesh. Among these projects, the Ministry plans to widen the 108 km (67 mi) Imphal-Moreh highway in Manipur which currently serves as an important trade route between India and Myanmar.[57] This would provide the Manipur's capital city of Imphal with direct access to the trilateral highway.[57]

Zokhawthar-Mandalay road strengthening[edit]

Mizoram-Kalemyo Highway is a road widening and strengthening project planned by India. In May 2017, the Indian Ministry of Road Transport also plans to construct a 120 km (75 mi) highway linking Zokhawthar-Rikhawdar (also called "Rih") near Champhai, a border town in Mizoram, with the trilateral highway at Kalemyo. This will serve as a second route providing direct connectivity from Mizoram to the trilateral highway.[57]

Mago-Thingbu to Vijaynagar Border Road[edit]

See also: Mago-Thingbu to Vijaynagar Border Road

The Mago-Thingbu–Vijaynagar Border Highway, also known as Arunachal Frontier Highway,[58] in Arunachal Pradesh India is a 2,000-kilometre-long (1,200 mi) road proposed to be built along the McMahon Line[59] (international border between India and China) by the Government of India at the cost of INR40,000 crore (approx. US$6.5 billion[22] as per 2014 prices).[23] Currently, along the alignment of this proposed road there is "little habitation" and there are only "small stretches of minor roads".[59] An assessment by the Ministry of Defence (India) in 2013 found that of the 503 stretches on the borders planned to be completed by 2022, only 17 were complete and work was underway on just 50.[citation needed] In 2014 October, Kiren Rijiju, Union Minister of State for Home Affairs of India was trying to expedite the project along with another proposed highway East-West Industrial Corridor Highway, Arunachal Pradesh[58] in Arunachal Pradesh[23] as he said "I am proposing to undertake this road along with another in the foothill areas of Arunachal Pradesh state from Bhairabkunda in Assam located at the tri-junction of Bhutan, Assam and Arunachal Pradesh to Ruksin in East Siang district of Arunachal Pradesh state which will serve as an industrial corridor for the people residing in the foothill areas of the state".[23]

Manipur-Mandalay bus service from 2018[edit]

Manipur-Mandalay bus service is pending subject to the signing of motor vehicle agreement. In September 2017, Indian ambassador to Myanmar announced that an Imphal-Mandalay India-Myanmar bus service will commence from 2018 after India and Myanmar sign the motor vehicle agreement.[60]

Imphal-Kalay-Mandalay flight[edit]

See also: UDAN

Imphal-Kalay-Mandalay flight is a proposed air service. In September 2017, Indian ambassador to Myanmar also proposed that a flight service from Imphal in Manipur to Mandalay via stopover in Kalay (Kalaymyo) in Sagaing Division of Myanmar could be started under UDAN regional connectivity scheme.[60] It was proposed to DoNER in 2012 and a successful trial run was conducted in December 2015.[61]

Tinsukia-Myitkyina railway[edit]

Myanmar railway map
See also: Indian Railways and Myanmar Railways

Tinsukia-Myitkyina railway is a proposed new railway link between the existing rail stations at Tinsukia-Doom Dooma in Assam state of India and Myitkyina in Kachin State of Myanmar, by laying new rail track via Shin Bway Yang and Sumprabum. Indian Railways uses broad gauge (1,676 mm or 5 ft 6 in) and Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam and Malaysia use narrow gauge (1 meter). In December 2017, India offered a US$1 billion line of credit to build connections to ASEAN nations.[62]

Imphal-Kalaymyo railway[edit]

Imphal-Kalaymyo railway is a proposed new railway link between the existing rail stations at Imphal in Manipur of India and Kalay in Myanmar. Indian Railways uses broad gauge (1,676 mm or 5 ft 6 in) and Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam and Malaysia use narrow gauge (1 meter). In December 2017, India offered a US1 billion line of credit to build connections to ASEAN nations.[62]

Aizawl-Wuntho railway[edit]

Aizawl-Wuntho railway is a proposed new railway link between the existing railway station at Wuntho in Myanmar and by extending the under construction Bairabi–Sairang line via Aizawl-Champhai in Mizoram of India to Wuntho in Myanmar which currently goes further north up to Myitkyina towards China–Myanmar border. These are to be taken up with assistance of India's 1 billion line of credit for connections to ASEAN nations.[62]

Aizawl-Kalaymyo railway[edit]

Aizawl-Kalaymyo railway is a proposed new railway link between the existing railway station Kalay in Myanmar and by extending the under construction Bairabi–Sairang line via Aizawl-Champhai in Mizoram of India to Kalay in Myanmar. These are to be taken up with assistance of India's 1 billion line of credit for connections to ASEAN nations.[62]

Aizawl-Kyauktaw-Sittwe railway[edit]

Aizawl-Kyauktaw-Sittwe railway is a proposed new railway link between the existing Kyauktaw-Sittwe railway in Myanmar and by extending the under construction Bairabi–Sairang line via Aizawl-Lunglei-Lawngtlai in Mizoram of India to Sittwe Port in Myanmar developed by India. Kyauktaw to Minbu is an under construction railway to link Sittwe with the exiting Myanmar railway network. These are to be taken up with assistance of India's 1 billion line of credit for connections to ASEAN nations.[62]

India-Myanmar-Thailand railway[edit]

See also: Indian Railways and Thailand Railways
Thailand rail map

India-Myanmar-Thailand railway is a proposed new railway link, parts of which already exist, by constructing missing links between Aizawl and Imphal to Myanmar railway network and by linking existing railway lines in southern Myanmar to the Thailand rail network in 2 locations:

India-Myanmar-Thailand-Laos railway[edit]

See also: Indian Railways, Myanmar Railways, Thailand Railways, and Laos Railways

India-Myanmar-Thailand-Laos railway is a proposed new railway link, parts of which already exist, by constructing missing links between Aizawl and Imphal to Myanmar railway network and Myanmar-to-Thailand to connect railway in Laos. Laos only has one railway station in the whole nation, located 20 km east of Vientiane, that was built by State Railway of Thailand during 2007-09 by extending its metre-gauge network across the Thai–Lao Friendship Bridge from Thanaleng Railway Station in Thailand.[63] Test trains began running on July 4, 2008,[64] and Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn of Thailand formally inaugurated the line on March 5, 2009.[65][66] There is also an under-construction (2017) Keng Tung railway line in east Myanmar that can be extended to Laos in future.

Laos-Vietnam railway: In 2012, an agreement for the construction of 220-kilometre $5 billion line, from Savannakhet in south Laos to Port of Vũng Ang in Vietnam, via Mụ Giạ Pass and Tan Ap (intersects Vietnam railway network), was awarded to a Malaysian company "Giant Consolidated Limited" to complete the construction from 2013 to 2017.[67][68] By December 2016, installation of corridor posts along the proposed railway right-of-way was completed.[69] In future, Savannakhet is planned to be connected to the existing railway in Thailand at Khon Kaen or Ubon Ratchathani.

India-Myanmar-Thailand-Cambodia railway[edit]

See also: Indian Railways, Myanmar Railways, Thailand Railways, and Cambodia Railways

Cambodia railway map

India-Myanmar-Thailand-Cambodia railway link is a proposed new railway link, parts of which already exist, by constructing missing links between Aizawl and Imphal to Myanmar railway network, to Thailand, to Combodia to connect the rail network in Cambodia. Cambodia has existing rail link with Thailand at Poipet (Krong Poi Pet), though train services is currently suspended (2017).

India-Myanmar-Thailand-Cambodia-Vietnam railway[edit]

See also: Indian Railways, Myanmar Railways, Thailand Railways, Cambodia Railways, and Vietnam Railways
Vietnam railway map

India-Myanmar-Thailand-Cambodia-Vietnam railway is a proposed new railway link, parts of which already exist, by constructing missing links between Aizawl and Imphal to Myanmar railway network, to Thailand, to Combodia to connect Vietnam Railways. Cambodia has existing rail link with Thailand at Poipet (Krong Poi Pet) though train services is currently suspended (2017) and Phnom Penh-Hoa Lu-Dĩ An connection with Vietnam is under construction (2017), while there is no current or planned rail connection to Laos. Indian Railways uses broad gauge (1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in)) and Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam and Malaysia use meter gauge (1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in)).

India-Myanmar-Thailand-Malaysia-Singapore railway[edit]

See also: Indian Railways, Thailand Railways, and Trans-Asian Railway

Malaysia railway map

India-Myanmar-Thailand-Malaysia-Singapore railway is a proposed new railway link as part of the Trans-Asian Railway, parts of which already exist, by using existing metre-gauge connections of Thai railway network to railway network in Malaysia (at Palang Besar in north west and Tumpat in north east Malaysia) and Kuala Lumpur–Singapore high-speed rail (being constructed between 2017-26[70]). Two rail crossings along the Malaysian-Thai border are:

India-Bangladesh Sabroom-Cox Bazar railway[edit]

Bangladesh railway map

This will extend the existing Sabroom in south Tripura on the border of Bangladesh to Khagrachari-Rangamati-Bandarban district headquarters in the tribal areas of Chittagong Hill Tracts, joining the existing Chittagong-Satkania track at Satkania and proceeding further on the new track to the Cox's Bazar which is one of the official port for transit to India.

India-Bangladesh Baraiya-Zokhawtar railway[edit]

This will extend the existing Sabroom in south Tripura on the border of Bangladesh to Baraiya (southwest Tripura)-Chaggalnaiya (Bangladesh)-Manu Bazar (South Tripura)-Sabroom-Khargachari-Magrum-Nunsri Lunglei-Aizawl-Zokhawtar-Kalemo.

India-Bangladesh Bandarban-Tuiping railway[edit]

Route for this will be Bandarban (Bangladesh)-Tuiping (Mizoram)-Niawhtlang (Mizoram-Burma border)-Gangaw (Myanmar).

India-Bangladesh Shillong-Sylhet railway[edit]

Route for this will be Shillong and Dawki in India to Sylhet in Bangladesh.

India-Bangladesh Dhubri-Jaria railway[edit]

Route for this will be Dhubri, Tura, Barengapara and Durgapur in India to Jaria in Bangladesh.

References[edit]

  1. ↑ "Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region" (PDF). Indiabudget.gov.in. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2018. Retrieved 15 September 2018.
  2. ↑ "About us". Mdoner.gov.in.
  3. ↑ "New Ministers assume office; PM to hold 1st meeting of expanded cabinet". The Indian Awaaz. AMN. Retrieved 22 December 2014.
  4. ↑ "Non-Lapsable Central Pool of Resources". Pib.nic.in. Retrieved 15 September 2018.
  5. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 23 July 2010. Retrieved 1 November 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  6. ↑ "Council of Ministers" (PDF).
  7. ↑ "Fifteenth Lok Sabha, Members Bioprofile : Handique, Shri Bijoy Krishna". loksabha.nic.in. National Informatics Centre/Lok Sabha. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  8. ↑ "Sixteenth Lok Sabha, Members Bioprofile : Singh, Gen. (Retd.) Vijay Kumar". loksabha.nic.in. National Informatics Centre/Lok Sabha. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 "Asia Times Online :: South Asia news - India rediscovers East Asia". Atimes.com. Archived from the original on 17 May 2008. Retrieved 15 September 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 "Sino-Indian relations". Atimes.com. Retrieved 15 September 2018.
  11. ↑ "Vietnam among pillars of India's "Look East" policy". English.vietnamnet.vn. Vietnam News Agency. 18 November 2013. Retrieved 18 November 2013.
  12. ↑ "Modi govt to give greater push to India's Look East Policy, says Sushma Swaraj". Firstpost. 25 August 2014. Archived from the original on 10 September 2014. Retrieved 10 September 2014.
  13. ↑ "Sushma Swaraj tells Indian envoys to Act East and not just Look East". The Economic Times. 26 August 2014.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Administrator. "India's 'Look East' Policy Pays off". Globalpolicy.org. Retrieved 15 September 2018.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 "Asia Times Online :: South Asia news, business and economy from India and Pakistan". Atimes.com. Archived from the original on 8 July 2008. Retrieved 15 September 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 "NEC Final plan 2017" (PDF). Necouncil.gov.in. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 October 2018. Retrieved 15 September 2018.
  17. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 15 September 2018. Retrieved 21 September 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 10 December 2017. Retrieved 12 December 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 19.4 19.5 19.6 19.7 Live PM Modi in Meghalaya, Mizoram and North East, Financial Express, 16 Dec 2017.
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 20.3 20.4 20.5 20.6 20.7 20.8 PM Modi approves new central scheme to plug infras gaps for the Northeast, Economic Times, 16 Dec 2017.
  21. ↑ Arunachal Dy CM Lays Foundation Stone of Bridge over Bari River Archived 22 December 2017 at the Wayback Machine, North East Today, 11 Dec 2017.
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 Ankit Panda. "Indian Government Plans Highway Along Disputed China Border". Thediplomat.com. Retrieved 27 October 2014.
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 23.3 "Govt planning road along McMohan line in Arunachal Pradesh: Kiren Rijiju". Live Mint. Retrieved 26 October 2014.
  24. ↑ Is hectic highway building in Arunachal Pradesh leading to more landslides?, Scroll, 14 July 2017.
  25. ↑ Transarunachal highway upgraded, Indian Express.
  26. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 20 November 2017. Retrieved 12 December 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  27. ↑ "73 roads of operational significance being built along China border: Kiren Rijiju", The Economic Times, 18 July 2017.
  28. ↑ Sushant Singh, "China border roads hobbling, 12 years later, 21 of 73 ready", Indian Express, 11 July 2017.
  29. ↑ India building bridges in Arunachal for LAC access, Economic Times, 18 Dec 2017.
  30. ↑ "For year-round border security, India plans tunnels on China border.", Economic Times, 6 November 2017.
  31. ↑ "Voyants". Voyants.in. Retrieved 15 September 2018.
  32. ↑ Lessons from Sisen and laptap, Arunachal Times, 14 Nov 2017.
  33. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 13 December 2017. Retrieved 12 December 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  34. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 13 December 2017. Retrieved 12 December 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  35. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 13 December 2017. Retrieved 12 December 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  36. ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 December 2017. Retrieved 12 December 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  37. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 11 December 2017. Retrieved 12 December 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  38. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 13 December 2017. Retrieved 12 December 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 39.2 39.3 39.4 North East to get better Indian Railways connectivity! 5 major rail projects lined up, Financial Express, July 17, 2020.
  40. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 11 December 2017. Retrieved 12 December 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 12 airports in Northeast India set to get a boost, North East Today, 14 May 2017.
  42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 42.2 42.3 Government Considering Setting up of Three Greenfield Airports in Northeast, NDTV, 13 Aug 2014.
  43. ↑ 43.0 43.1 43.2 43.3 43.4 Steps taken to strengthen North East states air connectivity: Authority of India, Economic Times, 18 Dec 2017.
  44. ↑ 44.0 44.1 44.2 44.3 44.4 44.5 Northeast airports facelift: Government may invest Rs 8,000 crore more, Economic Times, 20 Dec 2017.
  45. ↑ Guwahati airport to be upgraded for international operations, Economic Times, 19 Dec 2017.
  46. ↑ China border upgrade: 6 airports in Arunachal, Indian Express, 2015.
  47. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 13 December 2017. Retrieved 12 December 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  48. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 13 December 2017. Retrieved 12 December 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  49. ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 12 December 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  50. ↑ "Vietnam among pillars of India's "Look East" policy". english.vietnamnet.vn. Vietnam News Agency. 18 November 2013. Retrieved 18 November 2013.
  51. ↑ "Modi govt to give greater push to India's Look East Policy, says Sushma Swaraj". Firstpost. 25 August 2014. Retrieved 10 September 2014.
  52. ↑ "Sushma Swaraj tells Indian envoys to Act East and not just Look East". The Economic Times. 26 August 2014.
  53. ↑ "Myanmar Road Project Hooks 1.8 Billion Baht From Thailand". The Irrawaddy. 2 February 2017. Retrieved 12 February 2017.
  54. ↑ "All you want to know about Delhi to Bangkok Road Trip - Myths & Reality". Tripoto. 11 September 2015. Retrieved 20 September 2015.
  55. ↑ "Highway pact after car rally".
  56. ↑ Asean in talks to take IMT highway up to Vietnam, 12 Dec 2017.
  57. ↑ 57.0 57.1 57.2 Bose, Pratim Ranjan (24 February 2017). "₹7,500-crore road network to boost North-East economy". The Hindu Business Line. Retrieved 1 June 2017.
  58. ↑ 58.0 58.1 "Narendra Modi government to provide funds for restoration of damaged highways". Diligent Media Corporation Ltd. Retrieved 27 October 2014.
  59. ↑ 59.0 59.1 "Top officials to meet to expedite road building along China border". Dipak Kumar Dash. timesofindia.indiatimes.com. Retrieved 27 October 2014.
  60. ↑ 60.0 60.1 Imphal-Mandalay bus service likely to begin from next year., Imphal Times, 9 Sept 2017.
  61. ↑ Imphal-Mandalay bus service trial run, Dec 2015.
  62. ↑ 62.0 62.1 62.2 62.3 62.4 India proposed $1 billion credit for connectivity with ASEAN: Nitin Gadkari, Financial Express, December 2017.
  63. ↑ "Laos link launched". Railway Gazette International. 1 March 2007.
  64. ↑ "Testing takes train into Laos". Railway Gazette International. 7 July 2008.
  65. ↑ "Inaugural train begins Laos royal visit". Railway Gazette International. 5 March 2009.
  66. ↑ Andrew Spooner (27 February 2009). "First train to Laos". The Guardian. Retrieved 13 March 2011.
  67. ↑ Limited, Bangkok Post Public Company. "Laos to build railway to Vietnam".
  68. ↑ "Savan-Laobao railway corridor approved". Savan Pacifica Development Co.Ltd. 15 April 2016. Retrieved 26 June 2017.
  69. ↑ "Investor: Preparation for Savan-Lao Bao railway construction 'well progressed'". Vietstock. 14 March 2017. Retrieved 26 June 2017.
  70. ↑ "Malaysia-Singapore high-speed rail project to commence in 2017". TheMalayMailOnline.com. 2 September 2015. Retrieved 22 April 2017.

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