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{{ | {{more citations needed|date=September 2022}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2016}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2016}} | ||
{{Infobox settlement | {{Infobox settlement | ||
| name | | name = Nellore | ||
| settlement_type | | settlement_type = City | ||
| other_name | | other_name = Vikrama Simhapuri | ||
| image_skyline | | image_skyline = {{multiple image | ||
| | | border = infobox | ||
| | | total_width = 290 | ||
| nickname | | image_style = border:1; | ||
| pushpin_map | | perrow = 1/2/2/2 | ||
| pushpin_relief | | image1 = Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple, Galigopuram, Nellore (4).jpg | ||
| pushpin_map_caption | | caption1 = Gopuram of Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple, Nellore | ||
| pushpin_label | }} | ||
| pushpin_label_position | | nickname = Shrimp Capital of India | ||
| coordinates | | pushpin_map = India#India Andhra Pradesh | ||
| coordinates_footnotes | | pushpin_relief = yes | ||
| subdivision_type | | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India | ||
| subdivision_name | | pushpin_label = <!-- only necessary if "name" or "official_name" are too long --> | ||
| subdivision_type1 | | pushpin_label_position = right | ||
| subdivision_name1 | | coordinates = {{coord|14|26|35|N|79|59|10|E|display=inline,title}} | ||
| subdivision_type2 | | coordinates_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref>tags --> | ||
| subdivision_name2 | | subdivision_type = Country | ||
| subdivision_type3 | | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}} | ||
| subdivision_name3 | | subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]] | ||
| established_title | | subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]{{flagicon image|}} | ||
| established_date | | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts in India|District]] | ||
| established_title1 | | subdivision_name2 = [[Nellore district|Nellore]] | ||
| established_date1 | | subdivision_type3 = Region | ||
| established_title2 | | subdivision_name3 = [[Coastal Andhra]] | ||
| established_date2 | | established_title = <!-- Founded --> | ||
| named_for | | established_date = <!-- requires established_title= --> | ||
| government_type | | established_title1 = Incorporated (Municipality) | ||
| governing_body | | established_date1 = 1 November 1866 | ||
| leader_name | | established_title2 = Incorporated (Corporation) | ||
| leader_title1 | | established_date2 = 2004 | ||
| leader_name2 | | named_for = [[Indian gooseberry]] | ||
| title | | government_type = [[Municipal corporation (India)|Municipal Corporation]] | ||
| title_style | | governing_body = [[Nellore Municipal Corporation]] | ||
| frame_style | | leader_title = [[Mayor]] | ||
| list_style | | leader_name = ''Vacant'' (since 18 March 2026) | ||
| 1 | | leader_title1 = [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|MLAs]] | ||
| 2 | | leader_name2 = {{Collapsible list | ||
| leader_title4 | | title = List of MLAs | ||
| leader_name4 | | title_style = | ||
| unit_pref | | frame_style = border:none; padding: 0; | ||
| area_footnotes | | list_style = text-align:left;display:none; | ||
| area_total_km2 | | 1 = Ponguru Narayana <small>([[Nellore City (Assembly constituency)|Nellore City]])</small> | ||
| population_as_of | | 2 = Kotamreddy Sridhar Reddy <small>([[Nellore Rural (Assembly constituency)|Nellore Rural]])</small>}} | ||
| population_footnotes | | leader_title4 = [[Nellore (Lok Sabha constituency)|MP]] | ||
| population_total | | leader_name4 = [[Vemireddy Prabhakar Reddy]] | ||
| pop_est_as_of | | unit_pref = Metric | ||
| population_rank | | area_footnotes = <ref name="profile" /><ref name="pop census"/> | ||
| population_density_km2 | | area_total_km2 = 149.2 | ||
| population_metro_footnotes = | | population_as_of = 2011 | ||
| population_footnotes = <ref name="profile">{{cite report |title=Integrated Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Management Project: Draft Detailed Project Report for Nellore (CLUSTER V) Nellore Cluster |author=((Swachha Andhra Corporation)) |url=http://sac.ap.gov.in/sac/UserInterface/Downlaods/MSWMReports/DPR%20Nellore.pdf |archive-date= 17 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201017083721/http://sac.ap.gov.in/sac/UserInterface/Downlaods/MSWMReports/DPR%20Nellore.pdf |publisher=Government of Andhra Pradesh |access-date=9 June 2019 |chapter=4.0 Brief about the Project Area |page=20 |date=October 2016}}</ref><ref name="pop census"/><ref name="city">{{cite news|last1=Ravikiran|first1=G.|title=Fertile lands turning into concrete jungle|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/Fertile-lands-turning-into-concrete-jungle/article11332649.ece|access-date=18 May 2017|work=The Hindu|language=en}}</ref> | |||
| population_demonym | | population_total = 6,00,869 | ||
| population_note | | pop_est_as_of = 2011 | ||
| demographics_type1 | | population_rank = [[List of cities in Andhra Pradesh by population|4th <small>(in AP)</small>]] | ||
| demographics1_title1 | | population_density_km2 = auto | ||
| demographics1_info1 | | population_metro_footnotes = <ref name="pop census">{{citation |date=June 2014 |title=District Census Handbook – Sri Potti Sriramulu Nellore: Village and Town Wise Primary Census Abstract (PCA) |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Andhra Pradesh |url=https://spsnellore.ap.gov.in/document/nellore-district-census-handbook-2011/ |author=((Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India)) |work=2011 Census of India |access-date=14 November 2015 |pages=27, 427–441 |id=Series 29 — Part XII B}} [https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/151/download/254/DH_2011_2819_PART_B_DCHB_SRI_POTTI_SRIRAMULU_NELLORE.pdf (PDF file download– 5MB)] {{webarchive |url =https://web.archive.org/web/20220602083031/https://cdn.s3waas.gov.in/s39c82c7143c102b71c593d98d96093fde/uploads/2019/08/2019080553.pdf |date=2 June 2022}}</ref> | ||
| demographics1_title2 | | population_metro = 6,00,869 | ||
| demographics1_info2 | | population_demonym = Nellorean | ||
| demographics_type2 | | population_note = | ||
| demographics2_title1 | | demographics_type1 = Literacy | ||
| demographics2_info1 | | demographics1_title1 = Literates | ||
| timezone1 | | demographics1_info1 = | ||
| utc_offset1 | | demographics1_title2 = Literacy rate | ||
| postal_code_type | | demographics1_info2 = | ||
| postal_code | | demographics_type2 = Languages | ||
| area_code_type | | demographics2_title1 = Official | ||
| area_code | | demographics2_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]] | ||
| registration_plate_type | | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | ||
| registration_plate | | utc_offset1 = +5:30 | ||
| website | | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] | ||
| footnotes | | postal_code = 524001-524007 | ||
| official_name | | area_code_type = <!-- defaults to: Area code(s) --> | ||
| area_code = +91–861 | |||
| registration_plate_type = [[Vehicle registration plates of India|Vehicle registration]] | |||
| registration_plate = AP-39 | |||
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Nominal GDP]](2023-24) | |||
| website = {{URL|http://nellore.cdma.ap.gov.in/}} | |||
| footnotes = | |||
| official_name = | |||
| native_name = Nelluru | |||
| mapframe = yes | |||
| mapframe-zoom = 12 | |||
| map_caption = Interactive map | |||
| blank_info_sec1 = {{INRConvert|16989|c|=2024}}<ref>{{Cite web | title=:: DES-AP :: | url=https://des.ap.gov.in/MainPage.do?mode=menuBind&tabname=publications | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220609015545/https://des.ap.gov.in/MainPage.do?mode=menuBind&tabname=publications | access-date=2025-06-15 | archive-date=2022-06-09}}</ref> | |||
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]] | |||
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Tropical savanna climate|As]] | |||
}} | }} | ||
'''Nellore''' is a city located on the banks of [[Penna River]],<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ravikiran|first1=G.|title=Lakhs celebrate 'gobbemma festival'|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/lakhs-celebrate-gobbemma-festival/article4315907.ece|access-date=18 May 2017|work=The Hindu|language=en}}</ref> in [[Nellore district]] | '''Nellore''', also spelt as '''Nelluru''', is a city located on the banks of [[Penna River]],<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ravikiran|first1=G.|title=Lakhs celebrate 'gobbemma festival'|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/lakhs-celebrate-gobbemma-festival/article4315907.ece|access-date=18 May 2017|work=The Hindu|language=en}}</ref> in [[Nellore district]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]], India.<ref name="census">{{citation |date=June 2014 |title=District Census Handbook – Sri Potti Sriramulu Nellore: Village and Town Wise Primary Census Abstract (PCA)|author=(( Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India)) |url=https://spsnellore.ap.gov.in/document/nellore-district-census-handbook-2011/ |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations Andhra Pradesh |work=2011 Census of India |access-date=14 November 2015 |page=25 |id=Series 29 — Part XII B}} [https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/151/download/254/DH_2011_2819_PART_B_DCHB_SRI_POTTI_SRIRAMULU_NELLORE.pdf (PDF file download– 5MB)] {{webarchive |url =https://web.archive.org/web/20220602083031/https://cdn.s3waas.gov.in/s39c82c7143c102b71c593d98d96093fde/uploads/2019/08/2019080553.pdf |date=2 June 2022}}</ref> It serves as the headquarters of the district, as well as [[Nellore Urban mandal]], Nellore Rural mandal and [[Nellore revenue division]].<ref name="map">{{cite web |title=District Census Hand Book : Guntur (Part A) |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2819_PART_A_DCHB_SRI%20POTTI%20SRIIAMULU%20NELLORE.pdf |website=[[Census of India]] |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Andhra Pradesh |access-date=1 June 2019 |pages=164 |date=2011}}</ref> It is the [[List of cities in Andhra Pradesh|fourth most populous]] city in the state. It is at a distance of {{convert|279|km}} from [[Vijayawada]], {{convert|660|km}} from [[Visakhapatnam]], {{convert|455|km}} from [[Hyderabad]] and about {{cvt|170|km}} north of [[Chennai]], Tamil Nadu and also about {{cvt|380|km}} east-northeast of [[Bangalore]], Karnataka. It is the administrative headquarters of [[Nellore District]]. | ||
== Etymology == | == Etymology == | ||
There are various theories linked to the origin of the name | There are various theories linked to the origin of the name Nellore. According to a story from the [[Puranas|Sthala Purana]], the name is connected to a sacred lingam in the form of a stone found beneath a [[Phyllanthus emblica]] tree, also known as the nelli tree ({{Transliteration|ta|nelli}}, meaning 'emblica tree' in Proto-Dravidian and Telugu). The presence of the nelli tree in this story is believed to be one of the etymological roots of the region's name. | ||
Another theory is that the name "Nellore" is derived from the Tamil word "nellu", which means "paddy" or "rice." The region is renowned for its vast rice cultivation, and the name reflects its agricultural heritage and the importance of rice production in the area. Over time, the name "Nelluru" evolved into the modern form "Nellore," used in both Telugu and Tamil-speaking regions.<ref>{{Cite book | last=Burrow | first=T. | author2=Emeneau, M. B. | title=A Dravidian Etymological Dictionary | publisher=Clarendon Press | year=1984 }}</ref> | |||
Historically, the area was known as Vikrama Simhapuri in medieval era. The abundance of paddy fields eventually led to the name being changed to Nellore. The region has long been associated with agriculture, particularly rice cultivation, which continues to play a significant role in its economy today.<ref>{{Cite book | last=Sastri | first=Nilakanta | title=The Colas | publisher=University of Madras | year=1935 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book | last=Ramaswamy | first=Vijaya | title=Historical Dictionary of the Tamils | publisher=Scarecrow Press | year=2007 }}</ref> | |||
== History == | == History == | ||
Nellore had been under the rule of [[ | Nellore had been under the rule of [[Mauryas]], [[Satavahanas]], [[Chola]]s, [[Pallava]]s, [[Pandya]]s, [[Kharavela]] of [[Chedi Kingdom|Chedi dynasty]], [[Kakatiya]]s, [[Eastern Ganga dynasty|Eastern Gangas]] of [[Kalinga Empire]], [[Vijayanagara Empire]], [[Arcot Nawabs]] and other dynasties.{{citation needed|date=December 2022}} | ||
Nellore was ruled by [[Ashoka]] of the Mauryan dynasty in the 3rd century BCE. Nellore was conquered by the rulers of the [[Pallava dynasty]] and it was under their rule till the 6th century CE, subsequently the [[Chola]] rulers ruled Nellore for a long period of time. The [[Cholas]] met their decline in the 13th century CE. [[Tamil language|Tamil]] inscriptions indicate that it formed part of [[Chola kingdom]] till their decline in the thirteenth century CE.<ref>(1908) [https://archive.org/stream/imperialgazettee19greauoft#page/9/mode/1up The Imperial Gazetteer of India]. Volume 19. Nayakanhatti to Parbhani. Clarendon Press. p. 9</ref> It later became a part of [[Kakatiyas]], [[Vijayanagara Empire]], Sultanate of [[Golconda]], [[Mughal Empire]] and [[Nawab of | Nellore was ruled by [[Ashoka]] of the Mauryan dynasty in the 3rd century BCE. Nellore was conquered by the rulers of the [[Pallava dynasty]] and it was under their rule till the 6th century CE, subsequently the [[Chola]] rulers ruled Nellore for a long period of time. The [[Cholas]] met their decline in the 13th century CE. [[Tamil language|Tamil]] inscriptions indicate that it formed part of [[Chola kingdom]] till their decline in the thirteenth century CE.<ref>(1908) [https://archive.org/stream/imperialgazettee19greauoft#page/9/mode/1up The Imperial Gazetteer of India]. Volume 19. Nayakanhatti to Parbhani. Clarendon Press. p. 9</ref> It later became a part of [[Kakatiyas]], [[Vijayanagara Empire]], Sultanate of [[Golconda]], [[Mughal Empire]] and [[Arcot Nawab]]. In 1758 Marathas under the command of Balwant Rao Captured Nellore from Nazibulla.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Madras |first=Government of |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2qx-smrZLyUC&dq=venkata+war+with+golconda&pg=PA24 |title=Gazetteer of the Nellore District: Brought Upto 1938 |pages=70–71|date=2004 |publisher=Asian Educational Services |isbn=978-81-206-1851-0 |language=en}}</ref> In the 18th century, Nellore was taken over by the British from the [[Arcot Nawabs]] and was part of the [[Madras Presidency]] of [[British Raj|British India]]. | ||
=== | === British rule – Madras Presidency === | ||
The first account was | The first account was produced by John Boswell in 1873 as collector. This report by the British Includes Climate, agriculture, health statistics as well important taxation information. Social structure including important families of Nellore from the 1800s. These included Venketagiri Raja, kalhastri Rajah, The Chundi Zamindhar, The Mutiyalpad Zamindhar, Sayidapur Zamindhar, Jupalli Zamindhars of Udayagiri, Udayagiri Jaghirediar, the Vazella Zamidhars of Gudur, Zamindhars of Ongole, Turrawar Poligar, Tadeboyina Polighar, The Chettiars Polighar, The Udathawar Polighar, The Gangulawar Poighar and Buchireddypalem Family. These families under the British Raj were responsible for the villages and lands in their possession. The British recognized the importance of Nellore in cultivation as well as important port of Krishnapatam.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Boswell |first1=John |title=A Manual of the Nellore District |date=1873 |publisher=H. Morgan at the Government Press |pages=891 |edition=1}}</ref> The city had an important role in the emergence of the Telugu language and the formation of the state of Andhra Pradesh. [[Potti Sriramulu]], who fasted until death for the formation of Andhra Pradesh, hailed from Nellore.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mahotsav |first=Amrit |title=Potti Sriramulu |url=https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/unsung-heroes-detail.htm?42 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240912065037/https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/unsung-heroes-detail.htm?42 |archive-date=12 September 2024 |access-date=2025-06-02 |work=Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav, Ministry of Culture, Government of India |language=en-US |url-status=live }}</ref> On 4 June 2008, the Government of Andhra Pradesh officially renamed Nellore district as [[Sri Potti Sriramulu Nellore district]] in honor of Potti Sriramulu’s sacrifice for the formation | ||
The city had an important role in the emergence of the Telugu language and the formation of the state of Andhra Pradesh. [[Potti Sriramulu]], who fasted until death for the formation of Andhra Pradesh, hailed from Nellore.{{ | <ref>{{Cite web | title=History {{!}} Sri Potti Sriramulu Nellore District, Government of Andhra Pradesh {{!}} India | url=https://spsnellore.ap.gov.in/history/ | access-date=2025-08-07 | website=spsnellore.ap.gov.in}}</ref> | ||
== Geography == | == Geography == | ||
| Line 98: | Line 116: | ||
=== Climate === | === Climate === | ||
The climate of Nellore city can be placed under [[ | The climate of Nellore city can be placed under the [[tropical savanna climate]] (''As'', closely bordering ''Aw'') category according to [[Köppen climate classification]] which has hot and humid summers and warm winters. April and May are the hottest months and the hot conditions generally last until the end of the June. December, January and February are the coolest months. As the [[Bay of Bengal]] is at a distance of {{convert|24|km|mi|0}} from the city, the [[sea breeze]] renders the climate of the city moderate both in winter and in summer. Humidity level in the city is high due to its proximity to the coast. Nellore only receives small amounts of rain from the [[Monsoon of Indian subcontinent|south-west monsoon]]. Most rainfall in Nellore occurs between the months of October and December due to the [[Monsoon of Indian subcontinent|north-east monsoon]]. This period gives about 60 percent of the city's annual rainfall. [[Cyclone]]s are common in the city during this period, causing floods.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nellore.ap.nic.in/geography.htm|title=Welcome to Nellore|work=ap.nic.in|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150131055726/http://nellore.ap.nic.in/geography.htm|archive-date=31 January 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref> | ||
The maximum temperature is {{convert|36|to|46|C|F}} during summer<ref>{{cite news |title=Nellore and Ongole record season's highest temperatures |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/070519/nellore-and-ongole-record-seasons-highest-temperatures.html |access-date=18 May 2019 |work=Deccan Chronicle |date=7 May 2019 |language=en}}</ref> and the minimum temperature is {{convert|23|to|25|C|F}} during winter. The rainfall ranges from {{convert|700|to|1000|mm|in|abbr=on}} through South West and North East Monsoons. Nellore is subject both to droughts and to floods based on the seasons.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://nellore.cdma.ap.gov.in/en/district-profile |title=District Profile {{!}} Nellore Municipal Corporation |access-date=28 December 2019 |archive-date=23 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191023184226/http://nellore.cdma.ap.gov.in/en/district-profile |url-status=dead }}</ref> | The maximum temperature is {{convert|36|to|46|C|F}} during summer<ref>{{cite news |title=Nellore and Ongole record season's highest temperatures |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/070519/nellore-and-ongole-record-seasons-highest-temperatures.html |access-date=18 May 2019 |work=Deccan Chronicle |date=7 May 2019 |language=en}}</ref> and the minimum temperature is {{convert|23|to|25|C|F}} during winter. The rainfall ranges from {{convert|700|to|1000|mm|in|abbr=on}} through South West and North East Monsoons. Nellore is subject both to droughts and to floods based on the seasons.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://nellore.cdma.ap.gov.in/en/district-profile |title=District Profile {{!}} Nellore Municipal Corporation |access-date=28 December 2019 |archive-date=23 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191023184226/http://nellore.cdma.ap.gov.in/en/district-profile |url-status=dead }}</ref> | ||
{{Weather box | {{Weather box | ||
| location = Nellore ( | | location = Nellore (1991–2020, extremes 1901–present) | ||
| metric first = Yes | | metric first = Yes | ||
| single line = Yes | | single line = Yes | ||
| Line 115: | Line 133: | ||
| Aug record high C = 40.6 | | Aug record high C = 40.6 | ||
| Sep record high C = 41.7 | | Sep record high C = 41.7 | ||
| Oct record high C = | | Oct record high C = 40.7 | ||
| Nov record high C = 36. | | Nov record high C = 36.9 | ||
| Dec record high C = 35. | | Dec record high C = 35.4 | ||
|year record high C = 46.7 | |year record high C = 46.7 | ||
| Jan high C = | | Jan high C = 30.2 | ||
| Feb high C = 32.4 | | Feb high C = 32.4 | ||
| Mar high C = 35. | | Mar high C = 35.3 | ||
| Apr high C = 37.8 | | Apr high C = 37.8 | ||
| May high C = | | May high C = 40.1 | ||
| Jun high C = 38.2 | | Jun high C = 38.2 | ||
| Jul high C = 36.0 | | Jul high C = 36.0 | ||
| Aug high C = 35.1 | | Aug high C = 35.1 | ||
| Sep high C = 35. | | Sep high C = 35.0 | ||
| Oct high C = | | Oct high C = 33.3 | ||
| Nov high C = 30. | | Nov high C = 30.5 | ||
| Dec high C = 29. | | Dec high C = 29.5 | ||
|year high C = 34.3 | |year high C = 34.5 | ||
| Jan low C = | |Jan mean C = 25.5 | ||
| Feb low C = 22. | |Feb mean C = 27.2 | ||
| Mar low C = | |Mar mean C = 29.5 | ||
| Apr low C = 26. | |Apr mean C = 32.0 | ||
| May low C = 28. | |May mean C = 33.8 | ||
| Jun low C = 28. | |Jun mean C = 32.7 | ||
| Jul low C = 27. | |Jul mean C = 31.3 | ||
| Aug low C = 26. | |Aug mean C = 30.6 | ||
| Sep low C = 26. | |Sep mean C = 30.4 | ||
| Oct low C = 25. | |Oct mean C = 29.1 | ||
| Nov low C = 23. | |Nov mean C = 27.0 | ||
| Dec low C = 21. | |Dec mean C = 25.4 | ||
|year low C = 25. | | Jan low C = 21.1 | ||
| Feb low C = 22.2 | |||
| Mar low C = 24.1 | |||
| Apr low C = 26.5 | |||
| May low C = 28.7 | |||
| Jun low C = 28.6 | |||
| Jul low C = 27.5 | |||
| Aug low C = 26.9 | |||
| Sep low C = 26.6 | |||
| Oct low C = 25.5 | |||
| Nov low C = 23.6 | |||
| Dec low C = 21.8 | |||
|year low C = 25.3 | |||
| Jan record low C = 15.0 | | Jan record low C = 15.0 | ||
| Feb record low C = 16.1 | | Feb record low C = 16.1 | ||
| Line 159: | Line 189: | ||
|year record low C = 14.4 | |year record low C = 14.4 | ||
| rain colour = green | | rain colour = green | ||
| Jan rain mm = | | Jan rain mm = 19.7 | ||
| Feb rain mm = | | Feb rain mm = 2.3 | ||
| Mar rain mm = 3.5 | | Mar rain mm = 3.5 | ||
| Apr rain mm = 8.7 | | Apr rain mm = 8.7 | ||
| May rain mm = | | May rain mm = 36.1 | ||
| Jun rain mm = | | Jun rain mm = 40.5 | ||
| Jul rain mm = | | Jul rain mm = 84.0 | ||
| Aug rain mm = | | Aug rain mm = 107.6 | ||
| Sep rain mm = 97. | | Sep rain mm = 97.1 | ||
| Oct rain mm = | | Oct rain mm = 268.6 | ||
| Nov rain mm = | | Nov rain mm = 287.9 | ||
| Dec rain mm = | | Dec rain mm = 111.4 | ||
| year rain mm = | | year rain mm = 1067.4 | ||
| Jan rain days = 1. | | Jan rain days = 1.1 | ||
| Feb rain days = 0.2 | | Feb rain days = 0.2 | ||
| Mar rain days = 0.2 | | Mar rain days = 0.2 | ||
| Apr rain days = 0. | | Apr rain days = 0.5 | ||
| May rain days = 1. | | May rain days = 1.1 | ||
| Jun rain days = 3. | | Jun rain days = 3.6 | ||
| Jul rain days = | | Jul rain days = 5.8 | ||
| Aug rain days = 6. | | Aug rain days = 6.5 | ||
| Sep rain days = 5. | | Sep rain days = 5.6 | ||
| Oct rain days = 8. | | Oct rain days = 8.5 | ||
| Nov rain days = 9. | | Nov rain days = 9.0 | ||
| Dec rain days = 3.7 | | Dec rain days = 3.7 | ||
| year rain days = | | year rain days = 45.8 | ||
|time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | |time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | ||
| Jan humidity = | | Jan humidity = 65 | ||
| Feb humidity = 61 | | Feb humidity = 61 | ||
| Mar humidity = 61 | | Mar humidity = 61 | ||
| Apr humidity = 62 | | Apr humidity = 62 | ||
| May humidity = | | May humidity = 54 | ||
| Jun humidity = | | Jun humidity = 52 | ||
| Jul humidity = | | Jul humidity = 54 | ||
| Aug humidity = | | Aug humidity = 57 | ||
| Sep humidity = 62 | | Sep humidity = 62 | ||
| Oct humidity = | | Oct humidity = 70 | ||
| Nov humidity = | | Nov humidity = 75 | ||
| Dec humidity = | | Dec humidity = 70 | ||
|year humidity = 62 | |year humidity = 62 | ||
|source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref name=IMDnormals> | |source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref>{{cite web | ||
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf | |||
| title = Climatological Tables of Observatories in India 1991-2020 | |||
| publisher = [[India Meteorological Department]] | |||
| access-date = April 8, 2024 | |||
}}</ref><ref name=IMDnormals> | |||
{{cite web | {{cite web | ||
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf | | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf | ||
| Line 219: | Line 254: | ||
| page = M16 | | page = M16 | ||
| access-date = 19 February 2020}}</ref> | | access-date = 19 February 2020}}</ref> | ||
|date=May 2015}} | |date=May 2015 | ||
|source 2 = Tokyo Climate Center (mean temperatures 1991–2020)<ref name=TCC1> | |||
{{cite web | |||
| url = https://ds.data.jma.go.jp/gmd/tcc/tcc/products/climate/normal/parts/NrmMonth_e.php?stn=43245 | |||
| title = Normals Data: Nellore – India Latitude: 14.45°N Longitude: 79.98°E Height: 19 (m) | |||
| publisher = Japan Meteorological Agency | |||
| access-date = 1 December 2022}}</ref>}}Nellore has been ranked 18th best “National Clean Air City” under (Category 2 3-10L Population cities) in India.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 September 2024 |title=Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan 2024 |url=https://prana.cpcb.gov.in/ncapServices/robust/fetchFilesFromDrive/Swachh_Vayu_Survekshan_2024_Result.pdf |website=Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan 2024 |access-date=23 September 2024 |archive-date=14 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240914164336/https://prana.cpcb.gov.in/ncapServices/robust/fetchFilesFromDrive/Swachh_Vayu_Survekshan_2024_Result.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> | |||
== Demographics == | == Demographics == | ||
| Line 229: | Line 270: | ||
|float=right | |float=right | ||
|bars= | |bars= | ||
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|# | {{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|#FF9933|78.72}} | ||
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|#009000|19.03}} | {{bar percent|[[Islam]]|#009000|19.03}} | ||
{{bar percent|[[Christianity]]|#9955BB|1.59}} | {{bar percent|[[Christianity]]|#9955BB|1.59}} | ||
| Line 235: | Line 276: | ||
|caption=<small>Others include [[Sikh]]s, Buddhist, Jains & [[Parsi]]s</small> | |caption=<small>Others include [[Sikh]]s, Buddhist, Jains & [[Parsi]]s</small> | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{As of|2011}}{{Update after|2021}} [[Census of India|census]], Nellore city had a population of 505,258. The average literacy rate stands at 83.59% (male 87.53%; female 79.52%) with 387,192 literates, | {{As of|2011|pre=the}}{{Update after|2024|11}}<!--Census will not now take place until 2024-2025 due to Covid pandemic delays, per sources in notes-->{{efn|The planned [[2021 census of India]] was delayed due to the Covid pandemic. As general elections are due in April 2024, further postponement has become necessary. It is now envisaged it will commence in late 2024.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Vijaita |title=Decennial census exercise postponed till September 2023 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/decennial-census-exercise-postponed-till-september-2023/article66343152.ece |work=The Hindu |date=5 January 2023 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Census to be delayed again, deadline for freezing administrative boundaries pushed to January 1, 2024 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/census-delayed-deadline-administrative-boundaries-pushed-8697397/ |work=The Indian Express |date=2 July 2023 |language=en}}</ref>}} | ||
|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf|title=Cities having population 1 lakh and above|publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|access-date=26 March 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Literacy of AP (Census 2011)|url=http://www.ap.gov.in/AP%20State%20Statistical%20Abstract%20May%202014/2%20AP%20Demography.pdf|publisher=AP govt. portal|access-date=11 June 2014|page=43|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714213923/http://www.ap.gov.in/AP%20State%20Statistical%20Abstract%20May%202014/2%20AP%20Demography.pdf|archive-date=14 July 2014|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The expanded city population post merger of 15 [[gram panchayat]]s into Nellore Municipal | [[Census of India|census]], Nellore city had a population of 505,258. The average literacy rate stands at 83.59% (male 87.53%; female 79.52%) with 387,192 literates, higher than the state average of 73.00%.<ref>{{cite web | ||
Corporation stands at 631,791<ref>{{cite news|title=Smart wards: Nellore woos industrialists|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/smart-wards-nellore-woos-industrialists/article6822427.ece|access-date=25 August 2015 | |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf|title=Cities having population 1 lakh and above|publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|access-date=26 March 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Literacy of AP (Census 2011)|url=http://www.ap.gov.in/AP%20State%20Statistical%20Abstract%20May%202014/2%20AP%20Demography.pdf|publisher=AP govt. portal|access-date=11 June 2014|page=43|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714213923/http://www.ap.gov.in/AP%20State%20Statistical%20Abstract%20May%202014/2%20AP%20Demography.pdf|archive-date=14 July 2014|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The expanded city population, post-merger of 15 [[gram panchayat]]s into Nellore Municipal Corporation stands at 631,791<ref>{{cite news|title=Smart wards: Nellore woos industrialists |work=The Hindu |date=26 January 2015 |location=Nellore |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/smart-wards-nellore-woos-industrialists/article6822427.ece |access-date=25 August 2015}}</ref> | ||
{| class="wikitable sortable" | {| class="wikitable sortable" | ||
|+Historical population<ref | |+Historical population<ref name="profile"/> | ||
!Year | !Year | ||
!Population | !Population | ||
| Line 268: | Line 309: | ||
|35.29% | |35.29% | ||
|} | |} | ||
== Education == | |||
The primary and secondary school education is imparted by government, aided, and private schools of the ''School Education Department'' of the state.<ref>{{cite web|title=School Education Department |url=http://rmsaap.nic.in/Notification_TSG_2015.pdf |publisher=School Education Department, Government of Andhra Pradesh |access-date=7 November 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151227185018/http://rmsaap.nic.in/Notification_TSG_2015.pdf |archive-date=27 December 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The Department of School Education – Official AP State Government Portal {{!}} AP State Portal |url=http://www.ap.gov.in/department/organizations/school-education/ |website=www.ap.gov.in |access-date=7 November 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107155331/http://www.ap.gov.in/department/organizations/school-education/ |archive-date= 7 November 2016 }}</ref> The medium of instruction followed by different schools are English and [[Telugu language|Telugu]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Nellore Municipal Corporation school outshines corporate|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/150623/nation-current-affairs/article/nellore-municipal-corporation-school-outshines-corporate|access-date=9 November 2016|work=Deccan Chronicle|date=23 June 2015}}</ref> | |||
Vikrama Simhapuri University is located in Nellore City which offers multiple graduation and post graduation courses to students. | |||
Apart from it, the south headquarters of Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management (IITTM) is also in Nellore. | |||
== Governance == | == Governance == | ||
[[File:Tikkana Park, Nellore.jpg|thumb|Tikkana Park in Nellore]] | [[File:Tikkana Park, Nellore.jpg|thumb|Tikkana Park in Nellore]] | ||
=== Civic administration === | |||
[[Nellore Municipal Corporation]] was constituted as a municipality on 1 November 1866 by the Madras District Municipality Act.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ravikiran|first1=G.|title=Fertile lands turning into concrete jungle|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/fertile-lands-turning-into-concrete-jungle/article5859331.ece|access-date=31 October 2016|work=The Hindu|date=1 April 2014|language=en-IN}}</ref><ref name=civicbody>{{cite web|title=Municipalities, Municipal Corporations & UDAs|url=http://www.dtcp.ap.gov.in/webdtcp/pdf/List%20of%20ULBs.pdf|website=Directorate of Town and Country Planning|publisher=Government of Andhra Pradesh|access-date=29 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808132411/http://www.dtcp.ap.gov.in/webdtcp/pdf/List%20of%20ULBs.pdf|archive-date=8 August 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> It was upgraded to corporation on 18 October 2004 and has a jurisdictional area of {{convert|150.48|km2|abbr=on}} with 54 wards.<ref name="profile2">{{cite web|title=Municipality Profile|url=http://nellore.cdma.ap.gov.in/en/municipality-profile|website=Nellore Municipal Corporation|access-date=18 May 2017|language=en}}</ref> In 2013, fifteen gram panchayats namely, Allipuram, Ambhapuram, Buja Buja Nellore, Chinthareddypalem, Gudupallipadu, Gundlapalem, Kallurupalli, Kanaparthypadu, Kodurupadu, Narayanareddypeta, Navalakulathota, Nellore Bit-I (Kothuru), Peddacherukuru, Pottipalem, Vavilatepadhu were merged into the municipal corporation.<ref>{{cite web|title=SPSR NELLORE-District Panchayat|url=http://www.nellorzp.appr.gov.in/hidden/-/asset_publisher/di5XrVERUf8s/content/15-gps-are-merged-into-nellore-municipality|website=www.nellorzp.appr.gov.in|access-date=31 October 2016}}</ref> Present [[mayor]] of the city is Sravanthi.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ravi Kiran |first1=G |title=Civic body gears up to tackle water woes |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/civic-body-gears-up-to-tackle-water-woes/article7095026.ece|access-date=30 April 2015|work=Th Hindu|date=12 April 2015 |location=Nellore}}</ref> | [[Nellore Municipal Corporation]] was constituted as a municipality on 1 November 1866 by the Madras District Municipality Act.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ravikiran|first1=G.|title=Fertile lands turning into concrete jungle|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/fertile-lands-turning-into-concrete-jungle/article5859331.ece|access-date=31 October 2016|work=The Hindu|date=1 April 2014|language=en-IN}}</ref><ref name=civicbody>{{cite web|title=Municipalities, Municipal Corporations & UDAs|url=http://www.dtcp.ap.gov.in/webdtcp/pdf/List%20of%20ULBs.pdf|website=Directorate of Town and Country Planning|publisher=Government of Andhra Pradesh|access-date=29 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808132411/http://www.dtcp.ap.gov.in/webdtcp/pdf/List%20of%20ULBs.pdf|archive-date=8 August 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> It was upgraded to corporation on 18 October 2004 and has a jurisdictional area of {{convert|150.48|km2|abbr=on}} with 54 wards.<ref name="profile2">{{cite web|title=Municipality Profile|url=http://nellore.cdma.ap.gov.in/en/municipality-profile|website=Nellore Municipal Corporation|access-date=18 May 2017|language=en|archive-date=19 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170619092917/http://nellore.cdma.ap.gov.in/en/municipality-profile|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2013, fifteen gram panchayats namely, Allipuram, Ambhapuram, Buja Buja Nellore, Chinthareddypalem, Gudupallipadu, Gundlapalem, Kallurupalli, Kanaparthypadu, Kodurupadu, Narayanareddypeta, Navalakulathota, Nellore Bit-I (Kothuru), Peddacherukuru, Pottipalem, Vavilatepadhu were merged into the municipal corporation.<ref>{{cite web|title=SPSR NELLORE-District Panchayat|url=http://www.nellorzp.appr.gov.in/hidden/-/asset_publisher/di5XrVERUf8s/content/15-gps-are-merged-into-nellore-municipality|website=www.nellorzp.appr.gov.in|access-date=31 October 2016}}</ref> Present [[mayor]] of the city is Sravanthi.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ravi Kiran |first1=G |title=Civic body gears up to tackle water woes |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/civic-body-gears-up-to-tackle-water-woes/article7095026.ece|access-date=30 April 2015|work=Th Hindu|date=12 April 2015 |location=Nellore}}</ref> | ||
The city is one among the 31 cities in the state to be a part of water supply and sewerage services mission known as ''[[Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation]] (AMRUT)''.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Vadlapatla|first1=Sribala|title=Amaravati among 31 AP cities selected for Amruth development|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Amaravati-among-31-AP-cities-selected-for-Amruth-development/articleshow/48431080.cms|access-date=18 December 2015|work=The Times of India|date=11 August 2015|location=Hyderabad}}</ref> | The city is one among the 31 cities in the state to be a part of water supply and sewerage services mission known as ''[[Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation]] (AMRUT)''.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Vadlapatla|first1=Sribala|title=Amaravati among 31 AP cities selected for Amruth development|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Amaravati-among-31-AP-cities-selected-for-Amruth-development/articleshow/48431080.cms|access-date=18 December 2015|work=The Times of India|date=11 August 2015|location=Hyderabad}}</ref> | ||
=== Politics === | |||
Nellore is represented by [[Nellore City (Assembly constituency)|Nellore City assembly constituency]] and [[Nellore Rural (Assembly constituency)|Nellore Rural assembly constituency]] for [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]. [[ | Nellore is represented by [[Nellore City (Assembly constituency)|Nellore City assembly constituency]] and [[Nellore Rural (Assembly constituency)|Nellore Rural assembly constituency]] for [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]. [[Ponguru Narayana]] is the present [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] of Nellore City assembly constituency representing [[Telugu Desam Party]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Nellore City Assembly 2014 Election Results|url=http://www.elections.in/andhra-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/nellore-city.html|publisher=Elections.in|access-date=14 October 2014}}</ref> [[Kotamreddy Sridhar Reddy]] is the present [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] of Nellore Rural assembly constituency representing [[Telugu Desam Party]].<ref>{{cite web|title=MLA|url=http://www.ap.gov.in/government/mla/|publisher=AP State Portal|access-date=14 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008071101/http://www.ap.gov.in/government/mla/|archive-date=8 October 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Nellore City Assembly 2014 Election Results|url=http://www.elections.in/andhra-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/nellore-rural.html|publisher=Elections.in|access-date=14 October 2014}}</ref> | ||
== Culture == | == Culture == | ||
[[File:Ys eari nellore.jpg|thumb|Nellore water tank]] | [[File:Ys eari nellore.jpg|thumb|Nellore water tank]] | ||
{{Further|Sri Moolastaneswara Swamy Temple}} | |||
The residents of the city are generally referred as ''Nelloreans''.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Prasad |first1=P. V. |title=Gutti Vankaya curry no more a delicacy |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Andhra-Pradesh/2016-11-30/Gutti-Vankaya-curry-no-more-a-delicacy/266297 |access-date=9 June 2019 |work=The Hans India |date=30 November 2016}}</ref> The [[Rottela Panduga]] ([[Roti]] festival) is an annual [[urs]] event celebrated at the [[Bara Shaheed Dargah]] (shrine of twelve martyrs) on the banks of Swarnala Cheruvu.<ref>{{cite | The residents of the city are generally referred as ''Nelloreans''.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Prasad |first1=P. V. |title=Gutti Vankaya curry no more a delicacy |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Andhra-Pradesh/2016-11-30/Gutti-Vankaya-curry-no-more-a-delicacy/266297 |access-date=9 June 2019 |work=The Hans India |date=30 November 2016}}</ref> The [[Rottela Panduga]] ([[Roti]] festival) is an annual [[urs]] event celebrated at the [[Bara Shaheed Dargah]] (shrine of twelve martyrs) on the banks of Swarnala Cheruvu.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/rottela-panduga-from-nov-4-in-nellore/article6552884.ece|title='Rottela Panduga' from Nov. 4 in Nellore|author=G. Ravikiran|work=The Hindu|date=31 October 2014 }}</ref> The event got its name after the practice of exchanging flat breads and attracts visitors from all religious backgrounds every year and from all over the country and also from foreign countries.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/2-lakh-devotees-throng-bara-shahid-dargah/article6567944.ece|title=2 lakh devotees throng Bara Shahid dargah|author=G. Ravikiran|work=The Hindu|date=5 November 2014 }}</ref> | ||
=== Cuisine === | === Cuisine === | ||
''Chepala Pulusu (fish curry)'' is a [[non-vegetarian]] recipe of the Nellore district, prepared from [[Korramennu]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Prasad |first1=P. V. |title=Cultured korameenu takes sheen off fish curry |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Andhra-Pradesh/2017-03-04/Cultured-korameenu-takes-sheen-off-fish-curry/284623 |access-date=9 June 2019 |work=The Hans India |date=4 March 2017}}</ref> Malai Kaja Nellore Famous Sweet is a local [[sweet]] made from [[Maida flour|maida]], [[milk]] and [[sugar]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Prasad |first1=P. V. |title=Nellore Malai Kaja goes online |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Andhra-Pradesh/2016-04-21/Nellore-Malai-Kaja-goes-online/223035 |access-date=9 June 2019 |work=The Hans India |date=21 April 2016 |location=Nellore}}</ref> | ''Chepala Pulusu (fish curry)'' is a [[non-vegetarian]] recipe of the Nellore district, prepared from [[Korramennu]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Prasad |first1=P. V. |title=Cultured korameenu takes sheen off fish curry |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Andhra-Pradesh/2017-03-04/Cultured-korameenu-takes-sheen-off-fish-curry/284623 |access-date=9 June 2019 |work=The Hans India |date=4 March 2017}}</ref> Malai Kaja Nellore Famous Sweet is a local [[sweet]] made from [[Maida flour|maida]], [[milk]] and [[sugar]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Prasad |first1=P. V. |title=Nellore Malai Kaja goes online |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Andhra-Pradesh/2016-04-21/Nellore-Malai-Kaja-goes-online/223035 |access-date=9 June 2019 |work=The Hans India |date=21 April 2016 |location=Nellore}}</ref> | ||
== Transport == | == Amenities == | ||
=== Media === | |||
''Zaminryot'' newspaper, established in 1930,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.zaminryot.com/|title=''Zaminryot'' Home: Longest Living Newspaper in Telegu Journalism| newspaper=Zaminryot|access-date=9 October 2023|language=te}}</ref> and the ''Lawyer Weekly'' newspaper<ref>{{multiref2|1={{cite news|url=http://www.lawyerpatrika.com/|title=హోం పేజి |trans-title=Home page |work=Lawyer Telugu Weekly |language=te |access-date=9 October 2023}}|2={{cite news |title=Lawyer Telugu Weekly {{!}} Lawyer Patrika ePaper Archives |language=te |url=http://www.lawyerpatrika.com/category/epaper/ |access-date=9 October 2023 |work=Lawyer Telugu Weekly}}}}</ref> are based out of Nellore. In addition, Eenadu ''Vaartha AndhraJyothy''<ref>{{cite news |title=వార్త ఆంధ్రజ్యోతి Nellore main edition |language=te |url=https://epaper.vaartha.com/Home/FullPage?eid=31&edate=09/10/2023&pgid=305960 |access-date=9 October 2023 |work=epaper AndhraJyothy Vaartha-Telugu News}}</ref> and ''Sakshi''<ref>{{cite news |title=SPSR Nellore |url=https://www.sakshi.com/andhra-pradesh/psr-nellore |access-date=9 October 2023 |work=Sakshi |language=te}}</ref> newspapers are also printing local editions in Nellore. | |||
=== Transport === | |||
{{main|Transport in Nellore}} | {{main|Transport in Nellore}} | ||
[[File:Nellore.Rly station. front view.JPG|thumb|Nellore Railway Station]] | [[File:Nellore.Rly station. front view.JPG|thumb|Nellore Railway Station]] | ||
Local transport in the city include, two, three and four wheelers.<ref name="traffic">{{cite news|title=Growing number of vehicles cause of traffic chaos in Nellore|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/%E2%80%98Growing-number-of-vehicles-cause-of-traffic-chaos-in-Nellore%E2%80%99/article17293587.ece|access-date=4 July 2017|work=The Hindu|date=13 February 2017|location=Nellore}}</ref> Of these, privately operated [[auto rickshaw]]s | Local transport in the city include, two, three and four wheelers.<ref name="traffic">{{cite news|title=Growing number of vehicles cause of traffic chaos in Nellore|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/%E2%80%98Growing-number-of-vehicles-cause-of-traffic-chaos-in-Nellore%E2%80%99/article17293587.ece|access-date=4 July 2017|work=The Hindu|date=13 February 2017|location=Nellore}}</ref> Of these, privately operated [[auto rickshaw]]s numbered around 6,000 in 2017, dominating most parts of the city for local commuting.<ref name="orr">{{cite news|title=ORR proposed for Nellore to decongest city traffic|url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Travel/2017-04-21/ORR-proposed-for-Nellore-to-decongest-city-traffic/294932|access-date=4 July 2017|work=The Hans India|language=en}}</ref> [[Nellore bus station]] of the city operates district and long-distance services.<ref>{{cite news|title=Bus stations across AP to be linked to PNBS|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/Bus-stations-across-AP-to-be-linked-to-PNBS/article13976957.ece|access-date=4 July 2017|work=The Hindu|language=en}}</ref> [[Nellore railway station]] is classified as an ''A grade'' and ''Adarsh station'' in the [[Vijayawada railway division]] of [[South Central Railway zone]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.scr.indianrailways.gov.in/cris//uploads/files/1327487244480-Division%20profile-new.pdf |title = Vijayawada Division – a profile| publisher= Indian Railways| access-date = 13 February 2013}}</ref> The city also has three small railway stations namely, {{rws|Nellore South}},<ref>{{cite news|title=Railways will help develop AP|url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Andhra-Pradesh/2016-07-25/Railways-will-help-develop-AP/244477|access-date=4 July 2017|work=The Hans India|language=en}}</ref> [[Vedayapalem railway station|Vedayapalem]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Nellore South Railway Station |url=http://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/2253?|website=Indian Railways Trains & Stations – India Rail Info|access-date=18 July 2015}}</ref> and [[Padugupadu railway station]] The [[Southern Railway zone|Southern Railway]] operates [[MEMU]]s regularly for commuting between Nellore and {{rws|Chennai Central}}.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nellore-Central MEMU services from tomorrow|url=http://www.thehindu.com/2002/11/08/stories/2002110808670300.htm|access-date=4 July 2017|date=8 November 2002|work=[[The Hindu]]|location=Chennai}}{{dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> There is also a proposal to build a [[no frills]] airport for the city.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Reddy|first1=B. Dasarath|title=Traffic rise in old airports gives a boost to Andhra's plan to build 6 new runways|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/traffic-rise-in-old-airports-gives-a-boost-to-andhra-s-plan-to-build-6-new-runways-115122200787_1.html|access-date=24 May 2017|work=Business Standard India|date=25 December 2015}}</ref> | ||
= | The city has a total road length of {{Convert|1189.95|km|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=Details of Roads in each ULB of Andhra Pradesh|url=http://centralapp.cdma.ap.gov.in:8080/CDMAAPTaxesInfo/RoadDetails.jsp|website=Municipal Administration and Urban Development Department|access-date=27 June 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160801101300/http://centralapp.cdma.ap.gov.in:8080/CDMAAPTaxesInfo/RoadDetails.jsp|archive-date=1 August 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The proposed Outer Ring Road, existing arterial and internal roads helps reduce traffic congestion.<ref name="orr" /> The city is connected with major [[National Highway (India)|National highways]] such as, [[National Highway 16 (India)|National Highway 16]], a part of [[Asian Highway 45]] and [[Golden Quadrilateral]], bypasses the city.<ref>{{cite news|title=NHAI Under Pressure to Lay Another Bypass Road|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra_pradesh/NHAI-Under-Pressure-to-Lay-Another-Bypass-Road/2014/08/25/article2397230.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140828105832/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra_pradesh/NHAI-Under-Pressure-to-Lay-Another-Bypass-Road/2014/08/25/article2397230.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=28 August 2014|access-date=4 June 2016|work=The New Indian Express|date=25 August 2014}}</ref> | ||
== Notable people == | == Notable people == | ||
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---> | <!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---> | ||
<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦---> | <!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦---> | ||
* [[Acharya Aatreya]], playwright, poet | * [[Acharya Aatreya]], playwright, poet | ||
* [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], playback singer | * [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], playback singer | ||
* [[Venkatesh Geriti]], political activist | * [[Venkatesh Geriti]], political activist | ||
* [[Venkaiah Naidu]], Vice President of India | * [[Venkaiah Naidu]], Vice President of India | ||
* [[Kalahasti P. Prasad]], electrical engineering researcher and educator | |||
* [[Rajanala Kaleswara Rao]], Telugu actor | * [[Rajanala Kaleswara Rao]], Telugu actor | ||
* [[Bezawada Gopala Reddy]], Former Chief Minister of United Andhra Pradesh | |||
* [[Ramana Reddy]], Telugu actor/comedian | * [[Ramana Reddy]], Telugu actor/comedian | ||
* | * [[Potti Sreeramulu]], Indian Freedom Fighter | ||
* [[Puchalapalli Sundarayya]] | * [[Puchalapalli Sundarayya]] | ||
* [[Tikkana]], poet, one of the "Trinity of Poets" | * [[Tikkana]], poet, one of the "Trinity of Poets" | ||
* [[Vanisri]], actress | * [[Vanisri]], actress | ||
* [[Shakeela]], actress | |||
* [[Ashwin Hebbar]], Cricketer | |||
* [[Ponguru Narayana]], Politician | |||
* [[Kotamreddy Sridhar Reddy]], Politician | |||
* [[Poluboina Anil Kumar]], Politician | |||
== See also == | == See also == | ||
* [[List of cities in Andhra Pradesh by population|List of | * [[List of cities in Andhra Pradesh by population|List of urban agglomerations in Andhra Pradesh]] | ||
* [[List of municipal corporations in India#Andhra Pradesh]] | * [[List of municipal corporations in India#Andhra Pradesh]] | ||
* [[List of tourist attractions in Nellore]] | |||
== Notes == | |||
{{notelist}} | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
| Line 328: | Line 385: | ||
== External links == | == External links == | ||
{{Commons category|Nellore}} | |||
{{Andhra Pradesh}} | {{Andhra Pradesh}} | ||
| Line 335: | Line 392: | ||
[[Category:Nellore| ]] | [[Category:Nellore| ]] | ||
[[Category:Cities | [[Category:Cities in Andhra Pradesh]] | ||
[[Category:District headquarters of Andhra Pradesh]] | [[Category:District headquarters of Andhra Pradesh]] | ||
[[Category:Towns in Nellore district]] | [[Category:Towns in Nellore district]] | ||
Latest revision as of 21:57, 26 March 2026
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (September 2022) |
Nellore
Nelluru Vikrama Simhapuri | |
|---|---|
City | |
Gopuram of Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple, Nellore | |
| Nickname: Shrimp Capital of India | |
  Nellore Location in Andhra Pradesh, India  Nellore Nellore (Andhra Pradesh) | |
| Coordinates: 14°26′35″N 79°59′10″E / 14.44306°N 79.98611°E | |
| Country |  India |
| State | Andhra Pradesh |
| District | Nellore |
| Region | Coastal Andhra |
| Incorporated (Municipality) | 1 November 1866 |
| Incorporated (Corporation) | 2004 |
| Named for | Indian gooseberry |
| Government | |
| • Type | Municipal Corporation |
| • Body | Nellore Municipal Corporation |
| • Mayor | Vacant (since 18 March 2026) |
| • MP | Vemireddy Prabhakar Reddy |
| Area | |
| • City | 149.2 km2 (57.6 sq mi) |
| Population | |
| • City | 600,869 |
| • Rank | 4th (in AP) |
| • Density | 4,000/km2 (10,000/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 600,869 |
| Demonym | Nellorean |
| Literacy | |
| Languages | |
| • Official | Telugu |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 524001-524007 |
| Area code | +91–861 |
| Vehicle registration | AP-39 |
| Nominal GDP(2023-24) | ₹16,989 crore (US$2.4 billion)[4] |
| Climate | As |
| Website | nellore |
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Nellore, also spelt as Nelluru, is a city located on the banks of Penna River,[5] in Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh, India.[6] It serves as the headquarters of the district, as well as Nellore Urban mandal, Nellore Rural mandal and Nellore revenue division.[7] It is the fourth most populous city in the state. It is at a distance of 279 kilometres (173 mi) from Vijayawada, 660 kilometres (410 mi) from Visakhapatnam, 455 kilometres (283 mi) from Hyderabad and about 170 km (110 mi) north of Chennai, Tamil Nadu and also about 380 km (240 mi) east-northeast of Bangalore, Karnataka. It is the administrative headquarters of Nellore District.
Etymology[edit | edit source]
There are various theories linked to the origin of the name Nellore. According to a story from the Sthala Purana, the name is connected to a sacred lingam in the form of a stone found beneath a Phyllanthus emblica tree, also known as the nelli tree (nelli, meaning 'emblica tree' in Proto-Dravidian and Telugu). The presence of the nelli tree in this story is believed to be one of the etymological roots of the region's name.
Another theory is that the name "Nellore" is derived from the Tamil word "nellu", which means "paddy" or "rice." The region is renowned for its vast rice cultivation, and the name reflects its agricultural heritage and the importance of rice production in the area. Over time, the name "Nelluru" evolved into the modern form "Nellore," used in both Telugu and Tamil-speaking regions.[8]
Historically, the area was known as Vikrama Simhapuri in medieval era. The abundance of paddy fields eventually led to the name being changed to Nellore. The region has long been associated with agriculture, particularly rice cultivation, which continues to play a significant role in its economy today.[9][10]
History[edit | edit source]
Nellore had been under the rule of Mauryas, Satavahanas, Cholas, Pallavas, Pandyas, Kharavela of Chedi dynasty, Kakatiyas, Eastern Gangas of Kalinga Empire, Vijayanagara Empire, Arcot Nawabs and other dynasties.[citation needed]
Nellore was ruled by Ashoka of the Mauryan dynasty in the 3rd century BCE. Nellore was conquered by the rulers of the Pallava dynasty and it was under their rule till the 6th century CE, subsequently the Chola rulers ruled Nellore for a long period of time. The Cholas met their decline in the 13th century CE. Tamil inscriptions indicate that it formed part of Chola kingdom till their decline in the thirteenth century CE.[11] It later became a part of Kakatiyas, Vijayanagara Empire, Sultanate of Golconda, Mughal Empire and Arcot Nawab. In 1758 Marathas under the command of Balwant Rao Captured Nellore from Nazibulla.[12] In the 18th century, Nellore was taken over by the British from the Arcot Nawabs and was part of the Madras Presidency of British India.
British rule – Madras Presidency[edit | edit source]
The first account was produced by John Boswell in 1873 as collector. This report by the British Includes Climate, agriculture, health statistics as well important taxation information. Social structure including important families of Nellore from the 1800s. These included Venketagiri Raja, kalhastri Rajah, The Chundi Zamindhar, The Mutiyalpad Zamindhar, Sayidapur Zamindhar, Jupalli Zamindhars of Udayagiri, Udayagiri Jaghirediar, the Vazella Zamidhars of Gudur, Zamindhars of Ongole, Turrawar Poligar, Tadeboyina Polighar, The Chettiars Polighar, The Udathawar Polighar, The Gangulawar Poighar and Buchireddypalem Family. These families under the British Raj were responsible for the villages and lands in their possession. The British recognized the importance of Nellore in cultivation as well as important port of Krishnapatam.[13] The city had an important role in the emergence of the Telugu language and the formation of the state of Andhra Pradesh. Potti Sriramulu, who fasted until death for the formation of Andhra Pradesh, hailed from Nellore.[14] On 4 June 2008, the Government of Andhra Pradesh officially renamed Nellore district as Sri Potti Sriramulu Nellore district in honor of Potti Sriramulu’s sacrifice for the formation [15]
Geography[edit | edit source]
Location[edit | edit source]
Nellore is located at 14°26′N 79°59′E / 14.44°N 79.98°E.[16][17] It has an average elevation of 18 metres (59 ft).[17]
Climate[edit | edit source]
The climate of Nellore city can be placed under the tropical savanna climate (As, closely bordering Aw) category according to Köppen climate classification which has hot and humid summers and warm winters. April and May are the hottest months and the hot conditions generally last until the end of the June. December, January and February are the coolest months. As the Bay of Bengal is at a distance of 24 kilometres (15 mi) from the city, the sea breeze renders the climate of the city moderate both in winter and in summer. Humidity level in the city is high due to its proximity to the coast. Nellore only receives small amounts of rain from the south-west monsoon. Most rainfall in Nellore occurs between the months of October and December due to the north-east monsoon. This period gives about 60 percent of the city's annual rainfall. Cyclones are common in the city during this period, causing floods.[18]
The maximum temperature is 36 to 46 °C (97 to 115 °F) during summer[19] and the minimum temperature is 23 to 25 °C (73 to 77 °F) during winter. The rainfall ranges from 700 to 1,000 mm (28 to 39 in) through South West and North East Monsoons. Nellore is subject both to droughts and to floods based on the seasons.[20]
| Climate data for Nellore (1991–2020, extremes 1901–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 35.6 (96.1) |
39.4 (102.9) |
43.9 (111.0) |
45.6 (114.1) |
46.7 (116.1) |
46.7 (116.1) |
42.2 (108.0) |
40.6 (105.1) |
41.7 (107.1) |
40.7 (105.3) |
36.9 (98.4) |
35.4 (95.7) |
46.7 (116.1) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 30.2 (86.4) |
32.4 (90.3) |
35.3 (95.5) |
37.8 (100.0) |
40.1 (104.2) |
38.2 (100.8) |
36.0 (96.8) |
35.1 (95.2) |
35.0 (95.0) |
33.3 (91.9) |
30.5 (86.9) |
29.5 (85.1) |
34.5 (94.1) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 25.5 (77.9) |
27.2 (81.0) |
29.5 (85.1) |
32.0 (89.6) |
33.8 (92.8) |
32.7 (90.9) |
31.3 (88.3) |
30.6 (87.1) |
30.4 (86.7) |
29.1 (84.4) |
27.0 (80.6) |
25.4 (77.7) |
29.5 (85.2) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 21.1 (70.0) |
22.2 (72.0) |
24.1 (75.4) |
26.5 (79.7) |
28.7 (83.7) |
28.6 (83.5) |
27.5 (81.5) |
26.9 (80.4) |
26.6 (79.9) |
25.5 (77.9) |
23.6 (74.5) |
21.8 (71.2) |
25.3 (77.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 15.0 (59.0) |
16.1 (61.0) |
17.2 (63.0) |
20.2 (68.4) |
20.2 (68.4) |
21.1 (70.0) |
22.2 (72.0) |
21.7 (71.1) |
21.5 (70.7) |
18.9 (66.0) |
16.7 (62.1) |
14.4 (57.9) |
14.4 (57.9) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 19.7 (0.78) |
2.3 (0.09) |
3.5 (0.14) |
8.7 (0.34) |
36.1 (1.42) |
40.5 (1.59) |
84.0 (3.31) |
107.6 (4.24) |
97.1 (3.82) |
268.6 (10.57) |
287.9 (11.33) |
111.4 (4.39) |
1,067.4 (42.02) |
| Average rainy days | 1.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 1.1 | 3.6 | 5.8 | 6.5 | 5.6 | 8.5 | 9.0 | 3.7 | 45.8 |
| Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST) | 65 | 61 | 61 | 62 | 54 | 52 | 54 | 57 | 62 | 70 | 75 | 70 | 62 |
| Source 1: India Meteorological Department[21][22][23] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Tokyo Climate Center (mean temperatures 1991–2020)[24] | |||||||||||||
Nellore has been ranked 18th best “National Clean Air City” under (Category 2 3-10L Population cities) in India.[25]
Demographics[edit | edit source]
As of the 2011[update][needs update][lower-alpha 1] census, Nellore city had a population of 505,258. The average literacy rate stands at 83.59% (male 87.53%; female 79.52%) with 387,192 literates, higher than the state average of 73.00%.[29][30] The expanded city population, post-merger of 15 gram panchayats into Nellore Municipal Corporation stands at 631,791[31]
| Year | Population | Growth rate |
|---|---|---|
| 1961 | 106776 | --- |
| 1971 | 133590 | 25.1% |
| 1981 | 237065 | 77.5% |
| 1991 | 316606 | 33.6% |
| 2001 | 404775 | 27.8% |
| 2011 | 558,548 | 35.29% |
Education[edit | edit source]
The primary and secondary school education is imparted by government, aided, and private schools of the School Education Department of the state.[32][33] The medium of instruction followed by different schools are English and Telugu.[34]
Vikrama Simhapuri University is located in Nellore City which offers multiple graduation and post graduation courses to students.
Apart from it, the south headquarters of Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management (IITTM) is also in Nellore.
Governance[edit | edit source]
Civic administration[edit | edit source]
Nellore Municipal Corporation was constituted as a municipality on 1 November 1866 by the Madras District Municipality Act.[35][36] It was upgraded to corporation on 18 October 2004 and has a jurisdictional area of 150.48 km2 (58.10 sq mi) with 54 wards.[37] In 2013, fifteen gram panchayats namely, Allipuram, Ambhapuram, Buja Buja Nellore, Chinthareddypalem, Gudupallipadu, Gundlapalem, Kallurupalli, Kanaparthypadu, Kodurupadu, Narayanareddypeta, Navalakulathota, Nellore Bit-I (Kothuru), Peddacherukuru, Pottipalem, Vavilatepadhu were merged into the municipal corporation.[38] Present mayor of the city is Sravanthi.[39]
The city is one among the 31 cities in the state to be a part of water supply and sewerage services mission known as Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT).[40]
Politics[edit | edit source]
Nellore is represented by Nellore City assembly constituency and Nellore Rural assembly constituency for Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly. Ponguru Narayana is the present MLA of Nellore City assembly constituency representing Telugu Desam Party.[41] Kotamreddy Sridhar Reddy is the present MLA of Nellore Rural assembly constituency representing Telugu Desam Party.[42][43]
Culture[edit | edit source]
The residents of the city are generally referred as Nelloreans.[44] The Rottela Panduga (Roti festival) is an annual urs event celebrated at the Bara Shaheed Dargah (shrine of twelve martyrs) on the banks of Swarnala Cheruvu.[45] The event got its name after the practice of exchanging flat breads and attracts visitors from all religious backgrounds every year and from all over the country and also from foreign countries.[46]
Cuisine[edit | edit source]
Chepala Pulusu (fish curry) is a non-vegetarian recipe of the Nellore district, prepared from Korramennu.[47] Malai Kaja Nellore Famous Sweet is a local sweet made from maida, milk and sugar.[48]
Amenities[edit | edit source]
Media[edit | edit source]
Zaminryot newspaper, established in 1930,[49] and the Lawyer Weekly newspaper[50] are based out of Nellore. In addition, Eenadu Vaartha AndhraJyothy[51] and Sakshi[52] newspapers are also printing local editions in Nellore.
Transport[edit | edit source]
Local transport in the city include, two, three and four wheelers.[53] Of these, privately operated auto rickshaws numbered around 6,000 in 2017, dominating most parts of the city for local commuting.[54] Nellore bus station of the city operates district and long-distance services.[55] Nellore railway station is classified as an A grade and Adarsh station in the Vijayawada railway division of South Central Railway zone.[56] The city also has three small railway stations namely, Nellore South,[57] Vedayapalem.[58] and Padugupadu railway station The Southern Railway operates MEMUs regularly for commuting between Nellore and Chennai Central.[59] There is also a proposal to build a no frills airport for the city.[60]
The city has a total road length of 1,189.95 km (739.40 mi).[61] The proposed Outer Ring Road, existing arterial and internal roads helps reduce traffic congestion.[54] The city is connected with major National highways such as, National Highway 16, a part of Asian Highway 45 and Golden Quadrilateral, bypasses the city.[62]
Notable people[edit | edit source]
- Acharya Aatreya, playwright, poet
- S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, playback singer
- Venkatesh Geriti, political activist
- Venkaiah Naidu, Vice President of India
- Kalahasti P. Prasad, electrical engineering researcher and educator
- Rajanala Kaleswara Rao, Telugu actor
- Bezawada Gopala Reddy, Former Chief Minister of United Andhra Pradesh
- Ramana Reddy, Telugu actor/comedian
- Potti Sreeramulu, Indian Freedom Fighter
- Puchalapalli Sundarayya
- Tikkana, poet, one of the "Trinity of Poets"
- Vanisri, actress
- Shakeela, actress
- Ashwin Hebbar, Cricketer
- Ponguru Narayana, Politician
- Kotamreddy Sridhar Reddy, Politician
- Poluboina Anil Kumar, Politician
See also[edit | edit source]
- List of urban agglomerations in Andhra Pradesh
- List of municipal corporations in India#Andhra Pradesh
- List of tourist attractions in Nellore
Notes[edit | edit source]
- ↑ The planned 2021 census of India was delayed due to the Covid pandemic. As general elections are due in April 2024, further postponement has become necessary. It is now envisaged it will commence in late 2024.[27][28]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Swachha Andhra Corporation (October 2016). "4.0 Brief about the Project Area". Integrated Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Management Project: Draft Detailed Project Report for Nellore (CLUSTER V) Nellore Cluster (PDF) (Report). Government of Andhra Pradesh. p. 20. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 October 2020. Retrieved 9 June 2019.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India (June 2014), "District Census Handbook – Sri Potti Sriramulu Nellore: Village and Town Wise Primary Census Abstract (PCA)", 2011 Census of India, Directorate of Census Operations Andhra Pradesh, pp. 27, 427–441, Series 29 — Part XII B, retrieved 14 November 2015 (PDF file download– 5MB) Archived 2 June 2022 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Ravikiran, G. "Fertile lands turning into concrete jungle". The Hindu. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
- ↑ ":: DES-AP ::". Archived from the original on 9 June 2022. Retrieved 15 June 2025.
- ↑ Ravikiran, G. "Lakhs celebrate 'gobbemma festival'". The Hindu. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
- ↑ Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India (June 2014), "District Census Handbook – Sri Potti Sriramulu Nellore: Village and Town Wise Primary Census Abstract (PCA)", 2011 Census of India, Directorate of Census Operations Andhra Pradesh, p. 25, Series 29 — Part XII B, retrieved 14 November 2015 (PDF file download– 5MB) Archived 2 June 2022 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ "District Census Hand Book : Guntur (Part A)" (PDF). Census of India. Directorate of Census Operations, Andhra Pradesh. 2011. p. 164. Retrieved 1 June 2019.
- ↑ Burrow, T.; Emeneau, M. B. (1984). A Dravidian Etymological Dictionary. Clarendon Press.
- ↑ Sastri, Nilakanta (1935). The Colas. University of Madras.
- ↑ Ramaswamy, Vijaya (2007). Historical Dictionary of the Tamils. Scarecrow Press.
- ↑ (1908) The Imperial Gazetteer of India. Volume 19. Nayakanhatti to Parbhani. Clarendon Press. p. 9
- ↑ Madras, Government of (2004). Gazetteer of the Nellore District: Brought Upto 1938. Asian Educational Services. pp. 70–71. ISBN 978-81-206-1851-0.
- ↑ Boswell, John (1873). A Manual of the Nellore District (1 ed.). H. Morgan at the Government Press. p. 891.
- ↑ Mahotsav, Amrit. "Potti Sriramulu". Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav, Ministry of Culture, Government of India. Archived from the original on 12 September 2024. Retrieved 2 June 2025.
- ↑ "History | Sri Potti Sriramulu Nellore District, Government of Andhra Pradesh | India". spsnellore.ap.gov.in. Retrieved 7 August 2025.
- ↑ "Latitude and Longitude of Nellore, Andhra Pradesh | Nellore Coordinates". www.mapsofindia.com. Retrieved 25 March 2016.
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 "Maps, Weather, and Airports for Nellore, India". fallingrain.com.
- ↑ "Welcome to Nellore". ap.nic.in. Archived from the original on 31 January 2015.
- ↑ "Nellore and Ongole record season's highest temperatures". Deccan Chronicle. 7 May 2019. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
- ↑ "District Profile | Nellore Municipal Corporation". Archived from the original on 23 October 2019. Retrieved 28 December 2019.
- ↑ "Climatological Tables of Observatories in India 1991-2020" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. Retrieved 8 April 2024.
- ↑ "Station: Nellore Climatological Table 1981–2010" (PDF). Climatological Normals 1981–2010. India Meteorological Department. January 2015. pp. 549–550. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 19 February 2020.
- ↑ "Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. December 2016. p. M16. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 19 February 2020.
- ↑ "Normals Data: Nellore – India Latitude: 14.45°N Longitude: 79.98°E Height: 19 (m)". Japan Meteorological Agency. Retrieved 1 December 2022.
- ↑ "Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan 2024" (PDF). Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan 2024. 7 September 2024. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 September 2024. Retrieved 23 September 2024.
- ↑ "Census of India – Socio-cultural aspects". Government of India, Ministry of Home Affairs. Archived from the original on 20 May 2011. Retrieved 2 March 2011.
- ↑ Singh, Vijaita (5 January 2023). "Decennial census exercise postponed till September 2023". The Hindu.
- ↑ "Census to be delayed again, deadline for freezing administrative boundaries pushed to January 1, 2024". The Indian Express. 2 July 2023.
- ↑ "Cities having population 1 lakh and above" (PDF). Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 26 March 2012.
- ↑ "Literacy of AP (Census 2011)" (PDF). AP govt. portal. p. 43. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 11 June 2014.
- ↑ "Smart wards: Nellore woos industrialists". The Hindu. Nellore. 26 January 2015. Retrieved 25 August 2015.
- ↑ "School Education Department" (PDF). School Education Department, Government of Andhra Pradesh. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 December 2015. Retrieved 7 November 2016.
- ↑ "The Department of School Education – Official AP State Government Portal | AP State Portal". www.ap.gov.in. Archived from the original on 7 November 2016. Retrieved 7 November 2016.
- ↑ "Nellore Municipal Corporation school outshines corporate". Deccan Chronicle. 23 June 2015. Retrieved 9 November 2016.
- ↑ Ravikiran, G. (1 April 2014). "Fertile lands turning into concrete jungle". The Hindu. Retrieved 31 October 2016.
- ↑ "Municipalities, Municipal Corporations & UDAs" (PDF). Directorate of Town and Country Planning. Government of Andhra Pradesh. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 August 2016. Retrieved 29 January 2016.
- ↑ "Municipality Profile". Nellore Municipal Corporation. Archived from the original on 19 June 2017. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
- ↑ "SPSR NELLORE-District Panchayat". www.nellorzp.appr.gov.in. Retrieved 31 October 2016.
- ↑ Ravi Kiran, G (12 April 2015). "Civic body gears up to tackle water woes". Th Hindu. Nellore. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
- ↑ Vadlapatla, Sribala (11 August 2015). "Amaravati among 31 AP cities selected for Amruth development". The Times of India. Hyderabad. Retrieved 18 December 2015.
- ↑ "Nellore City Assembly 2014 Election Results". Elections.in. Retrieved 14 October 2014.
- ↑ "MLA". AP State Portal. Archived from the original on 8 October 2014. Retrieved 14 October 2014.
- ↑ "Nellore City Assembly 2014 Election Results". Elections.in. Retrieved 14 October 2014.
- ↑ Prasad, P. V. (30 November 2016). "Gutti Vankaya curry no more a delicacy". The Hans India. Retrieved 9 June 2019.
- ↑ G. Ravikiran (31 October 2014). "'Rottela Panduga' from Nov. 4 in Nellore". The Hindu.
- ↑ G. Ravikiran (5 November 2014). "2 lakh devotees throng Bara Shahid dargah". The Hindu.
- ↑ Prasad, P. V. (4 March 2017). "Cultured korameenu takes sheen off fish curry". The Hans India. Retrieved 9 June 2019.
- ↑ Prasad, P. V. (21 April 2016). "Nellore Malai Kaja goes online". The Hans India. Nellore. Retrieved 9 June 2019.
- ↑ "Zaminryot Home: Longest Living Newspaper in Telegu Journalism". Zaminryot (in తెలుగు). Retrieved 9 October 2023.
- ↑ Template:Multiref2
- ↑ "వార్త ఆంధ్రజ్యోతి Nellore main edition". epaper AndhraJyothy Vaartha-Telugu News (in తెలుగు). Retrieved 9 October 2023.
- ↑ "SPSR Nellore". Sakshi (in తెలుగు). Retrieved 9 October 2023.
- ↑ "Growing number of vehicles cause of traffic chaos in Nellore". The Hindu. Nellore. 13 February 2017. Retrieved 4 July 2017.
- ↑ 54.0 54.1 "ORR proposed for Nellore to decongest city traffic". The Hans India. Retrieved 4 July 2017.
- ↑ "Bus stations across AP to be linked to PNBS". The Hindu. Retrieved 4 July 2017.
- ↑ "Vijayawada Division – a profile" (PDF). Indian Railways. Retrieved 13 February 2013.
- ↑ "Railways will help develop AP". The Hans India. Retrieved 4 July 2017.
- ↑ "Nellore South Railway Station". Indian Railways Trains & Stations – India Rail Info. Retrieved 18 July 2015.
- ↑ "Nellore-Central MEMU services from tomorrow". The Hindu. Chennai. 8 November 2002. Retrieved 4 July 2017.[dead link]
- ↑ Reddy, B. Dasarath (25 December 2015). "Traffic rise in old airports gives a boost to Andhra's plan to build 6 new runways". Business Standard India. Retrieved 24 May 2017.
- ↑ "Details of Roads in each ULB of Andhra Pradesh". Municipal Administration and Urban Development Department. Archived from the original on 1 August 2016. Retrieved 27 June 2016.
- ↑ "NHAI Under Pressure to Lay Another Bypass Road". The New Indian Express. 25 August 2014. Archived from the original on 28 August 2014. Retrieved 4 June 2016.
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