Madhubani district: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|District in Bihar, India}}
{{About|the district|its eponymous headquarters|Madhubani, India}}
{{About|the district|its eponymous headquarters|Madhubani, India}}
{{More citations needed|date=June 2008}}
{{More citations needed|date=June 2008}}
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{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
| name                           = Madhubani district
| name               = Madhubani district
| settlement_type                 = [[List of districts of Bihar|District of Bihar]]  
| settlement_type   = [[List of districts of Bihar|District]]
| total_type                     = Total
| total_type         = Total
| native_name                     =  
| native_name       =  
| image_skyline                   = Field in a village in Bihar.jpg
| image_skyline     = Kali Mandir Rajanagar Madhubani.jpg
| image_caption                   = A field in Sugauna
| image_caption     = [[Rajnagar Kali Mandir|Kālī Mandir]] in [[Rajnagar, Bihar|Rajanagar]]
| image_map                       = Bihar district location map Madhubani.svg
| image_map         = Bihar district location map Madhubani.svg
| map_caption                    = Location of Madhubani district in Bihar
| coordinates        = {{coord|26|24|N|86|15|E|type:adm2nd_region:IN_dim:50000|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates                    =  
| coor_pinpoint     = Madhubani, India
| coor_pinpoint                   = Madhubani, India
| subdivision_type   = Country
| subdivision_type               = Country
| subdivision_name   = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_name               = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type1               = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|Bihar Government Banner.png}} [[Bihar]]
| subdivision_name1               = [[Bihar]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Region]]
| subdivision_type2               = [[Administrative divisions of Bihar|Division]]
| subdivision_name2  = [[Mithila region|Mithila]]
| subdivision_name2              = [[Darbhanga division|Darbhanga]]
| subdivision_type3  = [[Administrative divisions of Bihar|Division]]
| established_title               = Established
| subdivision_name3  = [[Darbhanga division|Darbhanga]]
| established_date               =  
| established_title = Established
| seat_type                       = Headquarters
| established_date   =  
| seat                           = [[Madhubani, India]]
| seat_type         = Headquarters
| parts_type                     = [[Tehsils of India|Tehsils]]
| seat               = [[Madhubani, India|Madhubani]]
| parts_style                     = para
| parts_type         = [[Tehsils of India|Tehsils]]
| p1                             =  
| parts_style       = para
| area_total_km2                 = 3501
| p1                 =  
| area_footnotes                 =  
| area_total_km2     = 3501
| population_as_of               = 2011
| area_footnotes     =  
| population_total               = 4,487,379
| population_as_of   = 2011
| population_footnotes           =  
| population_total   = 4,487,379
| population_urban               =  
| population_footnotes =  
| population_density_km2         = auto
| population_urban   =  
| demographics_type1             = Demographics
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics1_title1           = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]]
| population_demonym = [[Maithili people|Maithili]]
| demographics1_info1             = 60.9 per cent
| demographics_type1 = Demographics
| demographics1_title2           = Sex ratio
| demographics1_title1 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]]
| demographics1_info2             = 925
| demographics_type2 = Languages
| leader_title                   =  
| demographics1_info1 = 60.9 per cent
| leader_name                     =  
| demographics1_title2 = Sex ratio
| leader_title1                   = [[Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha constituencies]]
| demographics1_info2 = 925
| leader_name1                   = [[Madhubani (Lok Sabha constituency)|Madhubani]], [[Jhanjharpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jhanjharpur]]
| leader_title       = District Magistrate & Collector
| leader_title2                   = [[Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name       = Arvind Kumar Verma IAS
| leader_name2                   = [[Harlakhi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Harlakhi]], [[Benipatti (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Benipatti]], [[Khajauli (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Khajauli]], [[Babubarhi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Babubarhi]], [[Bisfi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bisfi]], [[Madhubani (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Madhubani]], [[Rajnagar, Madhubani (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Rajnagar]],  [[Jhanjharpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Jhanjharpur]], [[Phulparas (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Phulparas]], [[Laukaha (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Laukaha]]
| leader_title1     = [[Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha constituencies]]
| timezone1                       = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| leader_name1       = [[Madhubani Lok Sabha constituency|Madhubani]], [[Jhanjharpur Lok Sabha constituency|Jhanjharpur]]
| utc_offset1                     = +05:30
| leader_title2     = [[Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha constituencies]]
| registration_plate             =  
| leader_name2       = [[Harlakhi Assembly constituency|Harlakhi]], [[Benipatti Assembly constituency|Benipatti]], [[Khajauli Assembly constituency|Khajauli]], [[Babubarhi Assembly constituency|Babubarhi]], [[Bisfi Assembly constituency|Bisfi]], [[Madhubani Assembly constituency|Madhubani]], [[Rajnagar, Madhubani Assembly constituency|Rajnagar]],  [[Jhanjharpur Assembly constituency|Jhanjharpur]], [[Phulparas Assembly constituency|Phulparas]], [[Laukaha Assembly constituency|Laukaha]]
| blank_name_sec1                 = [[Roads in India|Major highways]]
| demographics2_title1 = Official language
| blank_info_sec1                 = [[National Highway 104 (India)|NH 104]], [[National Highway 105 (India)|NH 105]]
| demographics2_title2 = Regional language
| blank_name_sec2                 = Average annual precipitation
| demographics2_info1 = [[Hindi]]
| blank_info_sec2                 = 1,273 mm
| demographics2_info2 = [[Maithili language|Maithili]]
| website                         = {{URL|https://madhubani.nic.in/}}
| timezone1         = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| official_name                   =  
| utc_offset1       = +05:30
| registration_plate =  
| blank_name_sec1   = [[Roads in India|Major highways]]
| blank_info_sec1   = [[National Highway 27 (India)|NH 27]],  [[National Highway 227 (India)|NH 227]], [[National Highway 227J (India)|NH 227J]], [[National Highway 227L (India)|NH 227L]], [[National Highway 527A (India)|NH 527A]], [[National Highway 527B (India)|NH 527B]]
| blank_name_sec2   = Average annual precipitation
| blank_info_sec2   = 1,273 mm
| website           = {{URL|https://madhubani.nic.in/}}
| official_name     =  
}}
}}
'''Madhubani district''' is one of the thirty-eight [[List of districts of Bihar|districts]] of [[Bihar]], [[India]], and is a part of [[Darbhanga division]]. Its administrative headquarters are located in [[Madhubani, India|Madhubani]]. The district has an area of {{convert|3501|km2}} and has a [[population]] of 4,487,379 (as of 2011).
'''Madhubani district''' is one of the thirty-eight [[List of districts of Bihar|districts]] of [[Bihar]], [[India]], and is a part of [[Darbhanga division]]. Its administrative headquarters are located in [[Madhubani, India|Madhubani]]. The district has an area of {{convert|3501|km2}} and has a [[population]] of 4,487,379 (as of 2011).
Madhubani is the largest fish-producing district of Bihar in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bihar Economic Survey 2022-23 |url=https://state.bihar.gov.in/finance/CitizenHome.html |access-date=2023-05-07 |website=state.bihar.gov.in}}</ref>


==History==
==History==
{{historical populations|11=1901|12=10,52,146|13=1911|14=10,58,313|15=1921|16=10,52,477|17=1931|18=11,43,713|19=1941|20=12,48,825|21=1951|22=13,61,699|23=1961|24=16,01,048|25=1971|26=18,92,039|27=1981|28=23,25,844|29=1991|30=28,32,024|31=2001|32=35,75,281|33=2011|34=44,87,379|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=right}}Madhubani became a district in 1972 when it was split from [[Darbhanga district]].<ref name='Statoids'>{{cite web | url = http://www.statoids.com/yin.html | title = Districts of India | access-date = 2011-10-11 | last = Law | first = Gwillim | date = 2011-09-25 | work = Statoids | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111017155710/http://www.statoids.com/yin.html | archive-date = 17 October 2011 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> It is believed that [[Baliraajgadh]], an archaeological site which lies in modern-day Madhubani district was the capital of the ancient [[Mithila Kingdom]].<ref>https://hindi.news18.com/blogs/satyam/balirajharh-a-ancient-mithila-915917.html</ref>
Madhubani became a district in 1972 when it was split from [[Darbhanga district]].<ref name='Statoids'>{{cite web | url = http://www.statoids.com/yin.html | title = Districts of India | access-date = 2011-10-11 | last = Law | first = Gwillim | date = 2011-09-25 | work = Statoids | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111017155710/http://www.statoids.com/yin.html | archive-date = 17 October 2011 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> It is believed that [[Baliraajgadh]], an archaeological site which lies in modern-day Madhubani district was the capital of the ancient [[Mithila Kingdom]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hindi.news18.com/blogs/satyam/balirajharh-a-ancient-mithila-915917.html|title = News18 इंडिया: Hindi News, Latest News in Hindi, Breaking News in Hindi}}</ref>  In 2019 a meteorite fell at a farm in Mahadeva village in the district, and was later named as [[Mahadeva Meteorite]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-07-24 |title=Suspected meteorite chunk lands in Bihar's Madhubani district |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/suspected-meteorite-chunk-lands-in-bihars-madhubani-district-5847474/ |access-date=2024-10-02 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>


==Culture==
==Geography==
{{Main|Madhubani art}}
Madhubani district occupies an area of {{convert|3501|km2}},<ref name="Reference Annual">{{cite book | last1 = Srivastava, Dayawanti et al. (ed.) | title = India 2010: A Reference Annual | chapter = States and Union Territories: Bihar: Government | edition = 54th | publisher = Additional Director General, Publications Division, [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)]], [[Government of India]] | year = 2010 | location = New Delhi, India | pages = 1118–1119 | isbn = 978-81-230-1617-7}}</ref> comparatively equivalent to the [[Bahamas]]' [[North Andros]] island.<ref name="Islands">{{cite web | url = http://islands.unep.ch/Tiarea.htm | title = Island Directory Tables: Islands by Land Area | access-date = 2011-10-11 | date = 1998-02-18 | publisher = [[United Nations Environment Program]] | quote = North Andros Island 3,439km2 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://archive.today/20151201081219/http://islands.unep.ch/Tiarea.htm | archive-date = 1 December 2015 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> It occupies the Terai region.
Madhubani art or Mithila painting<ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UvuJyvtsCjwC&q=madhubani+art+madhubani+district&pg=PA96 |title = Madhubani Painting|isbn = 9788170171560|year = 2003}}</ref> was traditionally created by the women of various communities in Mithila region of India and [[Nepal]]. It originated from Madhubani district of Mithila region of [[Bihar]], and, it is popularly called Mithila painting or Madhubani art. Madhubani is also a major export centre of these paintings.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UvuJyvtsCjwC&q=madhubani+art+madhubani+district&pg=PA96|title=Madhubani Painting|date=30 September 2017|publisher=Abhinav Publications|via=Google Books|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170221110108/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=UvuJyvtsCjwC&pg=PA96&dq=madhubani+art+madhubani+district&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj8kJ761p_SAhUrIsAKHb2ZDfYQ6AEIIzAC#v=onepage&q=madhubani+art+madhubani+district&f=false|archive-date=21 February 2017|df=dmy-all|isbn=9788170171560}}</ref> This painting as a form of wall art was practiced widely throughout the region; the more recent development of painting on paper and canvas mainly originated among the villages around Madhubani, and it is these latter developments led to the name Madhubani art being used alongside the name "Mithila Painting."<ref>Carolyn Brown Heinz, 2006, "Documenting the Image in Mithila Art," Visual Anthropology Review, Vol. 22, Issue 2, pp. 5-33</ref>


==Geography==
== Politics ==
Madhubani district occupies an area of {{convert|3501|km2}},<ref name='Reference Annual'>{{cite book | last1 = Srivastava, Dayawanti et al. (ed.) | title = India 2010: A Reference Annual | chapter = States and Union Territories: Bihar: Government | edition = 54th | publisher = Additional Director General, Publications Division, [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)]], [[Government of India]] | year = 2010 | location = New Delhi, India | pages = 1118–1119 | isbn = 978-81-230-1617-7}}</ref> comparatively equivalent to the [[Bahamas]]' [[North Andros]] island.<ref name='Islands'>{{cite web | url = http://islands.unep.ch/Tiarea.htm | title = Island Directory Tables: Islands by Land Area | access-date = 2011-10-11 | date = 1998-02-18 | publisher = [[United Nations Environment Program]] | quote = North Andros Island 3,439km2 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://archive.is/20151201081219/http://islands.unep.ch/Tiarea.htm | archive-date = 1 December 2015 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> It occupies the Terai region.
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{{#section:18th Bihar Assembly|Madhubani district}}
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==Economy==
==Economy==
In 2006 the [[Ministry of Panchayati Raj]] named Madhubani one of the country's 250 [[Poverty in India|most backward districts]] (out of a total of [[List of districts in India|640]]).<ref name=brgf/> It is one of the 38 districts in Bihar currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme. But in last few years there a lot of changes happened.
In 2006 the [[Ministry of Panchayati Raj]] named Madhubani one of the country's 250 [[Poverty in India|most backward districts]] (out of a total of [[List of districts in India|640]]).<ref name="brgf" /> It is one of the 38 districts in Bihar currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme. But in last few years there a lot of changes happened.
This city is going to adopt urbanisation.<ref name=brgf>{{cite web|author=Ministry of Panchayati Raj |date=8 September 2009 |title=A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme |publisher=National Institute of Rural Development |url=http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf |access-date=27 September 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405033402/http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf |archive-date=5 April 2012 }}</ref>
This city is going to adopt urbanisation.<ref name="brgf">{{cite web|author=Ministry of Panchayati Raj |date=8 September 2009 |title=A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme |publisher=National Institute of Rural Development |url=http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf |access-date=27 September 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405033402/http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf |archive-date=5 April 2012 }}</ref>


==Places==
==Places==
[[Saurath Sabha|Saurath]], a road side village on Madhubani-Jainagar road, contains a temple known as Somnath Mahadev. It owes its importance to the annual Sabha held by [[Maithil Brahmin|Maithili Brahmins]] for negotiating marriages. Many Panjikars who keep the genealogical records of the different families reside here and outside.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://madhubani.bih.nic.in/tourist.asp |title=Archived copy |access-date=2018-05-06 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180506174025/http://madhubani.bih.nic.in/tourist.asp |archive-date=6 May 2018 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
[[Saurath Sabha|Saurath]], a road side village on Madhubani-Jainagar road, contains a temple known as Somnath Mahadev. It owes its importance to the annual Sabha held by [[Maithil Brahmin|Maithili Brahmins]] for negotiating marriages. Many Panjikars who keep the genealogical records of the different families reside here and outside.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://madhubani.bih.nic.in/tourist.asp |title=:::Welcome to Madhubani, Bihar::: |access-date=2018-05-06 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180506174025/http://madhubani.bih.nic.in/tourist.asp |archive-date=6 May 2018 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> The festival of [[Durga Puja]] takes place in the village [[Gandhwari]].
 
[[Laukaha]] is a Town in the district of Madhubani in the [[India]]n state of [[Bihar]]. It is close to the border of Nepalese town of [[Thadi]]. Laukaha in India and [[Thadi]] in Nepal are a part of one of the agreed route for Mutual Trade between [[India]] and [[Nepal]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.eximguru.com/exim/trade-agreement/india-nepal-trade.aspx|title=India Nepal Trade Agreement. India-Nepal Foreign Treaty of Trade Agreement.|website=www.eximguru.com|access-date=2019-09-12}}</ref> [[Nepal]] Government of [[Nepal]] has set up a dedicated customs office in the town.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.customs.gov.np/en/customsofficescontact.html|title=Department of Customs, Nepal - Custom Contact Offices|website=www.customs.gov.np|access-date=2019-09-12}}</ref> and Government of [[India]] has set up a Land Customs Station with a Superintendent level officer.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cybex.in/Notifications/17-2012-Amends-Notification-63-1994-9672.aspx |title = No. {{!}}}}</ref> So in simple Import and Export are allowed in this location.
 
There were several [[Ashram|Ashramas]] of the prominent [[Rishi|Vedic sages]] in the region of the Madhubani district during the ancient times. Some of them are [[Yajnavalkya Ashram]] at [[Jagban]], [[Kapil Ashram]] at [[Kapileshwar Temple, Bihar|Kapileshwar Sthan]], [[Vishwamitra Ashram, Bisaul|Vishwamitra Ashram]] at [[Bisaul]] and [[Shringi Rishi Ashram, Singiya|Shringi Rishi Ashram]] at Singiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} District Court, Madhubani {{!}} India |url=https://madhubani.dcourts.gov.in/about-department/history/ |access-date=2024-12-05 |language=en-US}}</ref> Similarly there are several locations in the district which are associated either with [[Ramayana]] or with [[Mahabharata]]. ''Girija Devi Mandir'' at [[Phulhar]] is the place where it is believed that [[Rama|Lord Rama]] and [[Sita|Goddess Sita]] met each other first time in their lives.<ref>{{Cite web |title=फुलहर व कल्याणेश्वर स्थान होंगे पर्यटन स्थल के रूप में विकसित - Phulhar and Kalyaneshwar places will be developed as tourist places - Bihar Madhubani General News |url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/madhubani-phulhar-and-kalyaneshwar-places-will-be-developed-as-tourist-places-20086321.html |access-date=2024-12-05 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref> [[Gandiveshwar Sthan]] is believed to be the place where [[Arjuna]] in Mahabharata hid his famous [[Gandiva]] bow during the exile period of the [[Pandava|Pandavas]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=बिहार में इस जगह पर अर्जुन ने अज्ञातवास के दौरान छिपाया था अपना गांडीव, यह स्थल आज देश-दुनिया की नजरों से ओझल - At this place in Bihar Arjun had hidden his Gandiv during his exile this place is lost from the eyes of the country and the world today |url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/muzaffarpur-at-this-place-in-bihar-arjun-had-hidden-his-gandiv-during-his-exile-this-place-is-lost-from-the-eyes-of-the-country-and-the-world-today-20785580.html |access-date=2024-12-05 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref> [[Baneshwar Sthan]] at Barri village is believed to be the place where Arjuna established a [[Lingam|Shivalinga]] known as ''Baneshwar Nath Mahadev''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=बिहार में इस जगह महाभारत के अर्जुन ने बाण से प्रकट की थी गंगा, जानिए आज उसका हाल - At this place in Bihar Arjuna of Mahabharata had revealed the Ganges with arrows know his condition today |url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/muzaffarpur-at-this-place-in-bihar-arjuna-of-mahabharata-had-revealed-the-ganges-with-arrows-know-his-condition-today-21119492.html |access-date=2024-12-05 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref> Similarly [[Kalyaneshwar Mahadev Mandir]] at Kalna is associated with Ramayana. It is believed that the Shivalinga of the temple was established by the [[Janaka|King Janaka]] in Mithila.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-16 |title=राज्य की रक्षा को लेकर राजा जनक के पिता ने लिया था ये फैसला, अनोखी है कहानी |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/bihar/madhubani-history-of-this-shiva-temple-very-ancient-mithilanchal-king-janak-father-established-for-protect-kingdom-8413214.html |access-date=2024-12-05 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref>
 
In the mediaeval periods, some villages of the district were known for the study of [[Sanskrit literature]], [[Indian philosophy|Indian Philosophy]] specially [[Nyaya|Nyaya Shastra]] and [[Vaiśeṣika Sūtra|Vaisheshika Sutra]]. There are still some remains of the academies established by the prominent philosophers and scholars of the mediaeval periods at different villages in the district. They are [[Kalidas Dih]], [[Vachaspati Mishra Dih]], [[Ayachi Mishra Dih]], Kumarila Bhatta Dih, [[Bisfi Vidyapati Dih]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-08-01 |title=111 feet Vidyapati statue to come up at Bisfi in Madhubani district |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/111-feet-vidyapati-statue-to-come-up-at-bisfi-in-madhubani-district/articleshow/39392048.cms |access-date=2024-12-05 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> and [[Musaharniya Dih]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=उत्तर बिहार में पुरातात्विक स्थलों पर अतिक्रमण और अवैध निर्माण, मिट रही पहचान - Encroachment and illegal construction on archaeological sites in North Bihar |url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/madhubani-encroachment-and-illegal-construction-on-archaeological-sites-in-north-bihar-23212847.html |access-date=2024-12-05 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref> etc.<ref>{{Cite web |title=बिहार के मधुबनी में महाकवि कालिदास को मां भगवती से मिला था ज्ञान का वरदान - Mahakavi Kalidas got the gift of knowledge from mother Bhagwati in Madhubani of Bihar |url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/muzaffarpur-mahakavi-kalidas-got-the-gift-of-knowledge-from-mother-bhagwati-in-madhubani-of-bihar-21384782.html |access-date=2024-12-05 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=राजकीय वाचस्पति स्मृति पर्व समारोह की सभी तैयारी पूरी - |url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/madhubani-all-the-preparations-of-the-government-vachaspati-memorial-gala-festival-are-completed-19035438.html |access-date=2024-12-05 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=कुमारिल भट्ट डीह को मिलेगा पर्यटन केंद्र का दर्जा - Kumaril Bhatt Dih will get tourism center status - Bihar Madhubani General News |url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/madhubani-kumaril-bhatt-dih-will-get-tourism-center-status-19846807.html |access-date=2024-12-05 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=CM hails Ayachi study model |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/bihar/cm-hails-ayachi-study-model/cid/1661551 |work=The Telegraph online}}</ref>
 
==Culture==
{{Main|Madhubani art}}


[[Laukaha]] is a Town in the district of Madhubani in the [[India]]n state of [[Bihar]]. It is close to the border of Nepalese town of [[Thadi]]. [[Laukaha]] in India and [[Thadi]] in Nepal are a part of one of the agreed route for Mutual Trade between [[India]] and [[Nepal]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.eximguru.com/exim/trade-agreement/india-nepal-trade.aspx|title=India Nepal Trade Agreement. India-Nepal Foreign Treaty of Trade Agreement.|website=www.eximguru.com|access-date=2019-09-12}}</ref> [[Nepal]] Government of [[Nepal]] has set up a dedicated customs office in the town.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.customs.gov.np/en/customsofficescontact.html|title=Department of Customs, Nepal - Custom Contact Offices|website=www.customs.gov.np|access-date=2019-09-12}}</ref> and Government of [[India]] has set up a Land Customs Station with a Superintendent level officer.<ref>http://www.cybex.in/Notifications/17-2012-Amends-Notification-63-1994-9672.aspx</ref> So in simple Import and Export are allowed in this location.
Madhubani art or Mithila painting<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UvuJyvtsCjwC&q=madhubani+art+madhubani+district&pg=PA96 |title=Madhubani Painting |publisher=Abhinav Publications |year=2003 |isbn=9788170171560}}</ref> was traditionally created by the women of various communities in [[Mithila region]] of India and [[Nepal]]. It originated from Madhubani district of Mithila region of [[Bihar]], and, it is popularly called Mithila painting or Madhubani art. Madhubani is also a major export centre of these paintings.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UvuJyvtsCjwC&q=madhubani+art+madhubani+district&pg=PA96 |title=Madhubani Painting |date=30 September 2017 |publisher=Abhinav Publications |isbn=9788170171560 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170221110108/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=UvuJyvtsCjwC&pg=PA96&dq=madhubani+art+madhubani+district&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj8kJ761p_SAhUrIsAKHb2ZDfYQ6AEIIzAC#v=onepage&q=madhubani+art+madhubani+district&f=false |archive-date=21 February 2017 |url-status=live |via=Google Books |df=dmy-all}}</ref> This painting as a form of wall art was practiced widely throughout the region; the more recent development of painting on paper and canvas mainly originated among the villages around Madhubani, and it is these latter developments led to the name Madhubani art being used alongside the name "Mithila Painting."<ref>Carolyn Brown Heinz, 2006, "Documenting the Image in Mithila Art," Visual Anthropology Review, Vol. 22, Issue 2, pp. 5-33</ref>


== Subdivisions ==
== Subdivisions ==
Line 84: Line 105:
# Jhanjarpur  
# Jhanjarpur  
# Phulparas  
# Phulparas  
# Jainagar S
# Jainagar


== Blocks and circles ==
== Blocks and circles ==
Line 90: Line 111:


# [[Rahika]]
# [[Rahika]]
# [[Pandaul (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Pandaul]]
# [[Pandaul]]
# Rajnagar
# [[Rajnagar, Bihar Assembly constituency|Rajnagar]]
# Babubarhi
# [[Babubarhi Assembly constituency|Babubarhi]]
# Kaluahi
# [[Kaluahi]]
# Khjauli
# Khjauli
# Jainagar
# [[Jainagar (community development block)|Jainagar]]
# Ladania
# Ladania
# Basopatti
# [[Basopatti]]
# Benipatti
# [[Benipatti Assembly constituency|Benipatti]]
# Bisfi
# [[Bisfi Assembly constituency|Bisfi]]
# Harlakhi
# Harlakhi
# [[Madhwapur]]
# [[Madhwapur]]
# [[Jhanjharpur|Jhanjarpur]]
# [[Jhanjharpur|Jhanjarpur]]
# Andhrathadi
# [[Andhra Tharhi|Andhrathadi]]
# [[Lakhnaur]]
# [[Lakhnaur]]
# [[Madhepur]]
# [[Madhepur]]
# Phulparas
# [[Phulparas Assembly constituency|Phulparas]]
# Ghoghardiha
# [[Ghoghardiha]]
# [[Khutauna]]
# [[Khutauna]]
# Laukahi
# Laukahi


==Demographics==
==Demographics==
At the time of the [[2011 Census of India]], 84.07% of the population in the district spoke [[Maithili language|Maithili]], 12.86% [[Urdu]] and 3.01% [[Hindi]] as their first language.<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16.html 2011 Census of India, Population By Mother Tongue]</ref>
{{historical populations|11=1901|12=10,52,146|13=1911|14=10,58,313|15=1921|16=10,52,477|17=1931|18=11,43,713|19=1941|20=12,48,825|21=1951|22=13,61,699|23=1961|24=16,01,048|25=1971|26=18,92,039|27=1981|28=23,25,844|29=1991|30=28,32,024|31=2001|32=35,75,281|33=2011|34=44,87,379|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>{{cite web |title=Table A-02 Decadal Variation in Population Since 1901: Bihar |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/43343/download/47022/10%20A-2%20Bihar.pdf |website=census.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>|align=center}}
 
{{bar box
|title=Religions in Madhubani district (2011)<ref name="religion">{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: Bihar |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11366/download/14479/DDW10C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|81.39}}
{{bar percent|[[Bihari Muslims|Islam]]|green|18.25}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.10}}
}}
 
According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 Indian census]], Madhubani district has a population of 4,487,379,<ref name="districtcensus">{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=District Census Handbook: Madhubani |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/286/download/794/DH_2011_1005_PART_A_DCHB_MADHUBANI.pdf |website=[[Census of India]] |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 37th in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus/> The district has a population density of {{convert|1282|PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}}.<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] from 2001 to 2011 was 25.51%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Madhubani has a [[sex ratio]] of 926 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 58.62%. 3.60% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes made up 13.08% and 0.09% of the population respectively.<ref name=districtcensus/>
 
{{Pie chart
|caption = Languages of Madhubani district (2011)<ref name="languages"/>
|label1 = [[Maithili language|Maithili]] |value1 = 84.07 |color1 = mistyrose
|label2 = [[Urdu]] |value2 = 12.86 |color2 = green
|label3 = [[Hindi]] |value3 = 2.92 |color3 = orange
|label4 = Others |value4 = 0.15 |color4 = grey
}}
 
At the time of the [[2011 Census of India]], 84.07% of the population in the district spoke [[Maithili language|Maithili]], 12.86% [[Urdu]] and 2.92% [[Hindi]] as their first language.<ref name="languages">{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Bihar |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10196/download/13308/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-1000.XLSX|website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
*[[Ayachi Mishra Dih]]
*[[Alpura, India]]
*[[Alpura, India]]
*[[Basuki Bihari]]
*[[Bichkhana]]
*[[Bichkhana]]
*[[Bisfi Vidyapati Dih]]
*[[Dakshineswar Nath Mahadev Mandir]]
*[[Ekadash Rudra Mahadev Mandir]]
*[[Gandiveshwar Sthan]]
*[[Ghoghardiha]]
*[[Ghoghardiha]]
*[[Hareshwar Nath Mandir]]
*[[Kalidas Dih]]
*[[Kalyaneshwar Mahadev Mandir]]
*[[Kapil Ashram]]
*[[Madhaweshwar Nath Mahadev Mandir]]
*[[Mithila Haat]]
*[[Musaharniya Dih]]
*[[Phulhar]]
*[[Shringi Rishi Ashram, Singiya]]
*[[Shilanath Mahadev Mandir]]
*[[Sitamarhi–Jaynagar–Nirmali line (via Sursand)]]
*[[Vachaspati Mishra Dih]]
*[[Vishwamitra Ashram, Bisaul]]
*[[Vishnu Statue, Bairwa, Madhwapur]]
*[[Uchhaith|Uchchaith]]
*[[Yajnavalkya Ashram]]
*[[Baneshwar Sthan]]
*[[Sugarway Riverfront]]


==References==
==References==
Line 142: Line 211:
{{Darbhanga Division topics}}
{{Darbhanga Division topics}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Coord|26|21|00|N|86|04|48|E|region:IN-BR_type:adm2nd_source:kolossus-nowiki|display=title}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Madhubani District}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Madhubani District}}

Latest revision as of 05:14, 28 December 2025


This article is about the district. For its eponymous headquarters, see Madhubani, India.
Madhubani district
District
Kālī Mandir in Rajanagar
Kālī Mandir in Rajanagar
Location of Madhubani district
Coordinates (Madhubani, India): 26°24′N 86°15′E / 26.400°N 86.250°E / 26.400; 86.250
Country India
State Bihar
RegionMithila
DivisionDarbhanga
HeadquartersMadhubani
Government
 • District Magistrate & CollectorArvind Kumar Verma IAS
 • Lok Sabha constituenciesMadhubani, Jhanjharpur
 • Vidhan Sabha constituenciesHarlakhi, Benipatti, Khajauli, Babubarhi, Bisfi, Madhubani, Rajnagar, Jhanjharpur, Phulparas, Laukaha
Area
 • Total3,501 km2 (1,352 sq mi)
Population
 (2011)
 • Total4,487,379
 • Density1,300/km2 (3,300/sq mi)
DemonymMaithili
Demographics
 • Literacy60.9 per cent
 • Sex ratio925
Languages
 • Official languageHindi
 • Regional languageMaithili
Time zoneUTC+05:30 (IST)
Major highwaysNH 27, NH 227, NH 227J, NH 227L, NH 527A, NH 527B
Average annual precipitation1,273 mm
Websitemadhubani.nic.in

Madhubani district is one of the thirty-eight districts of Bihar, India, and is a part of Darbhanga division. Its administrative headquarters are located in Madhubani. The district has an area of 3,501 square kilometres (1,352 sq mi) and has a population of 4,487,379 (as of 2011).

Madhubani is the largest fish-producing district of Bihar in 2022.[1]

History[edit | edit source]

Madhubani became a district in 1972 when it was split from Darbhanga district.[2] It is believed that Baliraajgadh, an archaeological site which lies in modern-day Madhubani district was the capital of the ancient Mithila Kingdom.[3] In 2019 a meteorite fell at a farm in Mahadeva village in the district, and was later named as Mahadeva Meteorite.[4]

Geography[edit | edit source]

Madhubani district occupies an area of 3,501 square kilometres (1,352 sq mi),[5] comparatively equivalent to the Bahamas' North Andros island.[6] It occupies the Terai region.

Politics[edit | edit source]

This section is transcluded from 18th Bihar Assembly. (edit | history)
District No. Constituency Name Party Alliance Remarks
Madhubani 31 Harlakhi Sudhanshu Shekhar JD(U) NDA
32 Benipatti Vinod Narayan Jha BJP
33 Khajauli Arun Shankar Prasad Minister
34 Babubarhi Mina Kumari JD(U)
35 Bisfi Asif Ahmad RJD Mahagathbandhan
36 Madhubani Madhav Anand Rashtriya Lok Morcha NDA
37 Rajnagar (SC) Sujit Paswan BJP
38 Jhanjharpur Nitish Mishra
39 Phulparas Sheela Kumari Mandal JD(U)
40 Laukaha Satish Kumar Sah

Economy[edit | edit source]

In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Madhubani one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640).[7] It is one of the 38 districts in Bihar currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme. But in last few years there a lot of changes happened. This city is going to adopt urbanisation.[7]

Places[edit | edit source]

Saurath, a road side village on Madhubani-Jainagar road, contains a temple known as Somnath Mahadev. It owes its importance to the annual Sabha held by Maithili Brahmins for negotiating marriages. Many Panjikars who keep the genealogical records of the different families reside here and outside.[8] The festival of Durga Puja takes place in the village Gandhwari.

Laukaha is a Town in the district of Madhubani in the Indian state of Bihar. It is close to the border of Nepalese town of Thadi. Laukaha in India and Thadi in Nepal are a part of one of the agreed route for Mutual Trade between India and Nepal.[9] Nepal Government of Nepal has set up a dedicated customs office in the town.[10] and Government of India has set up a Land Customs Station with a Superintendent level officer.[11] So in simple Import and Export are allowed in this location.

There were several Ashramas of the prominent Vedic sages in the region of the Madhubani district during the ancient times. Some of them are Yajnavalkya Ashram at Jagban, Kapil Ashram at Kapileshwar Sthan, Vishwamitra Ashram at Bisaul and Shringi Rishi Ashram at Singiya.[12] Similarly there are several locations in the district which are associated either with Ramayana or with Mahabharata. Girija Devi Mandir at Phulhar is the place where it is believed that Lord Rama and Goddess Sita met each other first time in their lives.[13] Gandiveshwar Sthan is believed to be the place where Arjuna in Mahabharata hid his famous Gandiva bow during the exile period of the Pandavas.[14] Baneshwar Sthan at Barri village is believed to be the place where Arjuna established a Shivalinga known as Baneshwar Nath Mahadev.[15] Similarly Kalyaneshwar Mahadev Mandir at Kalna is associated with Ramayana. It is believed that the Shivalinga of the temple was established by the King Janaka in Mithila.[16]

In the mediaeval periods, some villages of the district were known for the study of Sanskrit literature, Indian Philosophy specially Nyaya Shastra and Vaisheshika Sutra. There are still some remains of the academies established by the prominent philosophers and scholars of the mediaeval periods at different villages in the district. They are Kalidas Dih, Vachaspati Mishra Dih, Ayachi Mishra Dih, Kumarila Bhatta Dih, Bisfi Vidyapati Dih[17] and Musaharniya Dih,[18] etc.[19][20][21][22]

Culture[edit | edit source]

Main article: Madhubani art

Madhubani art or Mithila painting[23] was traditionally created by the women of various communities in Mithila region of India and Nepal. It originated from Madhubani district of Mithila region of Bihar, and, it is popularly called Mithila painting or Madhubani art. Madhubani is also a major export centre of these paintings.[24] This painting as a form of wall art was practiced widely throughout the region; the more recent development of painting on paper and canvas mainly originated among the villages around Madhubani, and it is these latter developments led to the name Madhubani art being used alongside the name "Mithila Painting."[25]

Subdivisions[edit | edit source]

Madhubani District consists of five subdivisions. Each subdivision is headed by a subdivisional magistrate, who is responsible for law and order, development, and revenue related work in their respective subdivisions.[26]

  1. Madhubani Sadar
  2. Benipatti
  3. Jhanjarpur
  4. Phulparas
  5. Jainagar

Blocks and circles[edit | edit source]

There are 21 blocks and circles in the district and each block is headed by a block development officer and each circle is headed by a circle officer.[27]

  1. Rahika
  2. Pandaul
  3. Rajnagar
  4. Babubarhi
  5. Kaluahi
  6. Khjauli
  7. Jainagar
  8. Ladania
  9. Basopatti
  10. Benipatti
  11. Bisfi
  12. Harlakhi
  13. Madhwapur
  14. Jhanjarpur
  15. Andhrathadi
  16. Lakhnaur
  17. Madhepur
  18. Phulparas
  19. Ghoghardiha
  20. Khutauna
  21. Laukahi

Demographics[edit | edit source]

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
19011,052,146—    
19111,058,313+0.06%
19211,052,477−0.06%
19311,143,713+0.83%
19411,248,825+0.88%
19511,361,699+0.87%
19611,601,048+1.63%
19711,892,039+1.68%
19812,325,844+2.09%
19912,832,024+1.99%
20013,575,281+2.36%
20114,487,379+2.30%
source:[28]
Religions in Madhubani district (2011)[29]
Religion Percent
Hinduism
 
 81.39%
Islam
 
 18.25%
Other or not stated
 
 0.10%

According to the 2011 Indian census, Madhubani district has a population of 4,487,379,[30] This gives it a ranking of 37th in India (out of a total of 640).[30] The district has a population density of 1,282 inhabitants per square kilometre (3,320/sq mi).[30] Its population growth rate from 2001 to 2011 was 25.51%.[30] Madhubani has a sex ratio of 926 females for every 1000 males,[30] and a literacy rate of 58.62%. 3.60% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes made up 13.08% and 0.09% of the population respectively.[30]

Languages of Madhubani district (2011)[31]

  Maithili (84.07%)
  Urdu (12.86%)
  Hindi (2.92%)
  Others (0.15%)

At the time of the 2011 Census of India, 84.07% of the population in the district spoke Maithili, 12.86% Urdu and 2.92% Hindi as their first language.[31]

See also[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ "Bihar Economic Survey 2022-23". state.bihar.gov.in. Retrieved 7 May 2023.
  2. ↑ Law, Gwillim (25 September 2011). "Districts of India". Statoids. Archived from the original on 17 October 2011. Retrieved 11 October 2011.
  3. ↑ "News18 इंडिया: Hindi News, Latest News in Hindi, Breaking News in Hindi".
  4. ↑ "Suspected meteorite chunk lands in Bihar's Madhubani district". The Indian Express. 24 July 2019. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
  5. ↑ Srivastava, Dayawanti et al. (ed.) (2010). "States and Union Territories: Bihar: Government". India 2010: A Reference Annual (54th ed.). New Delhi, India: Additional Director General, Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India), Government of India. pp. 1118–1119. ISBN 978-81-230-1617-7. {{cite book}}: |last1= has generic name (help)
  6. ↑ "Island Directory Tables: Islands by Land Area". United Nations Environment Program. 18 February 1998. Retrieved 11 October 2011. North Andros Island 3,439km2{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Ministry of Panchayati Raj (8 September 2009). "A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme" (PDF). National Institute of Rural Development. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 April 2012. Retrieved 27 September 2011.
  8. ↑ ":::Welcome to Madhubani, Bihar:::". Archived from the original on 6 May 2018. Retrieved 6 May 2018.
  9. ↑ "India Nepal Trade Agreement. India-Nepal Foreign Treaty of Trade Agreement". www.eximguru.com. Retrieved 12 September 2019.
  10. ↑ "Department of Customs, Nepal - Custom Contact Offices". www.customs.gov.np. Retrieved 12 September 2019.
  11. ↑ "No. |".
  12. ↑ "History | District Court, Madhubani | India". Retrieved 5 December 2024.
  13. ↑ "फुलहर व कल्याणेश्वर स्थान होंगे पर्यटन स्थल के रूप में विकसित - Phulhar and Kalyaneshwar places will be developed as tourist places - Bihar Madhubani General News". Jagran (in हिन्दी). Retrieved 5 December 2024.
  14. ↑ "बिहार में इस जगह पर अर्जुन ने अज्ञातवास के दौरान छिपाया था अपना गांडीव, यह स्थल आज देश-दुनिया की नजरों से ओझल - At this place in Bihar Arjun had hidden his Gandiv during his exile this place is lost from the eyes of the country and the world today". Jagran (in हिन्दी). Retrieved 5 December 2024.
  15. ↑ "बिहार में इस जगह महाभारत के अर्जुन ने बाण से प्रकट की थी गंगा, जानिए आज उसका हाल - At this place in Bihar Arjuna of Mahabharata had revealed the Ganges with arrows know his condition today". Jagran (in हिन्दी). Retrieved 5 December 2024.
  16. ↑ "राज्य की रक्षा को लेकर राजा जनक के पिता ने लिया था ये फैसला, अनोखी है कहानी". News18 हिंदी (in हिन्दी). 16 June 2024. Retrieved 5 December 2024.
  17. ↑ "111 feet Vidyapati statue to come up at Bisfi in Madhubani district". The Times of India. 1 August 2014. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 5 December 2024.
  18. ↑ "उत्तर बिहार में पुरातात्विक स्थलों पर अतिक्रमण और अवैध निर्माण, मिट रही पहचान - Encroachment and illegal construction on archaeological sites in North Bihar". Jagran (in हिन्दी). Retrieved 5 December 2024.
  19. ↑ "बिहार के मधुबनी में महाकवि कालिदास को मां भगवती से मिला था ज्ञान का वरदान - Mahakavi Kalidas got the gift of knowledge from mother Bhagwati in Madhubani of Bihar". Jagran (in हिन्दी). Retrieved 5 December 2024.
  20. ↑ "राजकीय वाचस्पति स्मृति पर्व समारोह की सभी तैयारी पूरी -". Jagran (in हिन्दी). Retrieved 5 December 2024.
  21. ↑ "कुमारिल भट्ट डीह को मिलेगा पर्यटन केंद्र का दर्जा - Kumaril Bhatt Dih will get tourism center status - Bihar Madhubani General News". Jagran (in हिन्दी). Retrieved 5 December 2024.
  22. ↑ "CM hails Ayachi study model". The Telegraph online.
  23. ↑ Madhubani Painting. Abhinav Publications. 2003. ISBN 9788170171560.
  24. ↑ Madhubani Painting. Abhinav Publications. 30 September 2017. ISBN 9788170171560. Archived from the original on 21 February 2017 – via Google Books.
  25. ↑ Carolyn Brown Heinz, 2006, "Documenting the Image in Mithila Art," Visual Anthropology Review, Vol. 22, Issue 2, pp. 5-33
  26. ↑ "Subdivision | Madhubani Administration". Retrieved 25 December 2018.
  27. ↑ "Blocks and Circles | Madhubani Administration". Retrieved 25 December 2018.
  28. ↑ "Table A-02 Decadal Variation in Population Since 1901: Bihar" (PDF). census.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
  29. ↑ "Table C-01 Population by Religion: Bihar". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011.
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 30.2 30.3 30.4 30.5 "District Census Handbook: Madhubani" (PDF). Census of India. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011.
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 "Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Bihar". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011.

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