Udupi district |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}} | ||
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2016}} | {{Use Indian English|date=August 2016}} | ||
{{ | {{more citations needed|date=October 2021}} | ||
{{Infobox settlement | {{Infobox settlement | ||
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| native_name = <!-- Please do not add any Indic script in this infobox, per WP:INDICSCRIPT policy. --> | | native_name = <!-- Please do not add any Indic script in this infobox, per WP:INDICSCRIPT policy. --> | ||
| native_name_lang = Tulu | | native_name_lang = Tulu | ||
| other_name = | | other_name = | ||
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Karnataka|District]] of [[Karnataka]] | | settlement_type = [[List of districts of Karnataka|District]] of [[Karnataka]] | ||
| image_skyline = {{photomontage | | image_skyline = {{photomontage | ||
| photo1a = . | | photo1a = UdupiTemplePond.JPG | ||
| photo1b = | | photo1b = Chaturmukha Basadi - Aranatha,Mallinatha,Munisuvrata Swamy, VRVTMRKOLLUR2015 (27).jpg | ||
| photo2a = | | photo2a = Mookambika Temple, Kollur.jpg | ||
| photo2b = Kaup beach, Udupi, Karnataka 10.jpg | | photo2b = Kaup beach, Udupi, Karnataka 10.jpg | ||
| photo3a = St. Mary's Islands, Malpe beach, Karnataka 08.jpg | | photo3a = St. Mary's Islands, Malpe beach, Karnataka 08.jpg | ||
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}} | }} | ||
| image_alt = | | image_alt = | ||
| image_caption = Clockwise from top-left: [[ | | image_caption = Clockwise from top-left: [[Udupi Sri Krishna Matha]], [[Chaturmukha Basadi, Karkala|Chaturmukha Basadi]] in [[Karkala]], [[Kapu, Karnataka|Kapu Beach]], [[St. Mary's Islands]] near [[Malpe]], [[Mookambika Temple, Kollur|Mookambika Temple]] in [[Kollur, Udupi district|Kollur]] | ||
| nickname = Temple City | | nickname = Temple City | ||
| image_map = Karnataka | | image_map = Udupi in Karnataka (India).svg | ||
| image_map1 = | |||
| map_alt = | | map_alt = | ||
| map_caption = Location | | map_caption = Location in Karnataka | ||
| coordinates = {{coord|13.35|N|74.75|E|display=inline,title}} | | coordinates = {{coord|13.35|N|74.75|E|display=inline,title}} | ||
| subdivision_type = Country | | subdivision_type = Country | ||
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| subdivision_type2 = [[List of regions of India|Region]] | | subdivision_type2 = [[List of regions of India|Region]] | ||
| subdivision_name1 = [[Karnataka]] | | subdivision_name1 = [[Karnataka]] | ||
| subdivision_name2 = [[Tulu Nadu]] | | subdivision_name2 = [[Tulunadu]]<ref>{{cite news | ||
|url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/08/13/stories/2006081317290300.htm | |||
|title=Tulu Nadu movement gaining momentum | |||
|newspaper=[[The Hindu]] | |||
|access-date=27 May 2009 | |||
|location=Chennai, India | |||
|date=13 August 2006 | |||
|url-status=unfit | |||
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120924043309/http://www.hindu.com/2006/08/13/stories/2006081317290300.htm | |||
|archive-date=24 September 2012 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
| established_title = Established | | established_title = Established | ||
| established_date = 1997 | | established_date = 25 August 1997 | ||
| founder = | | founder = | ||
| named_for = | | named_for = | ||
| Line 38: | Line 49: | ||
| parts_type = [[Taluka]]s | | parts_type = [[Taluka]]s | ||
| parts = [[Udupi]], [[Karkala]], [[Kundapura]], [[Hebri]], [[Byndoor]], [[Brahmavara]] & [[Kapu, Karnataka|Kaup]] | | parts = [[Udupi]], [[Karkala]], [[Kundapura]], [[Hebri]], [[Byndoor]], [[Brahmavara]] & [[Kapu, Karnataka|Kaup]] | ||
| government_type | | government_type = [[District council (India)|District Administration]] | ||
| governing_body | |governing_body = Zilla panchayat | ||
| leader_title1 | | leader_title1 = Deputy Commissioner and District Magistrate | ||
| | | leader_name1 = Swaroopa T. K., [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]] | ||
| leader_title2 = Chief Executive Officer | |||
| leader_name2 = Prateek Bayal ([[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]) | |||
| leader_title3 = [[Superintendent of police (India)|Superintendent of Police]] | |||
| leader_name3 = Hariram Shankar [[Indian Police Service|IPS]] | |||
| leader_title4 = District Incharge Minister | |||
| leader_name4 = [[Lakshmi Hebbalkar]] | |||
| unit_pref = Metric | | unit_pref = Metric | ||
| area_footnotes = <ref name="cens">{{cite web|title=Know India - Karnataka|url=http://india.gov.in/knowindia/districts/andhra1.php?stateid=KA|publisher=Government of India|access-date=6 December 2010}}</ref> | | area_footnotes = <ref name="cens">{{cite web|title=Know India - Karnataka|url=http://india.gov.in/knowindia/districts/andhra1.php?stateid=KA|publisher=Government of India|access-date=6 December 2010}}</ref> | ||
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| population_demonym = | | population_demonym = | ||
| demographics_type1 = Languages | | demographics_type1 = Languages | ||
| demographics1_title1 = | | demographics1_title1 = Official | ||
| demographics1_title2 = Regional | | demographics1_title2 = Regional | ||
| demographics1_info2 = [[Tulu language|Tulu]], | | demographics1_info2 = [[Tulu language|Tulu]],[[Kundagannada|Kundapra bhashi]], [[Konkani language|Konkani]], [[Urdu language|Urdu]], [[Beary language|Beary]]<ref name="languages">{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Karnataka |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10208/download/13320/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-2900.XLSX |website=www.censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref> | ||
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | ||
| utc_offset1 = +5:30 | | utc_offset1 = +5:30 | ||
| Line 69: | Line 86: | ||
| blank1_info_sec2 = {{convert|4302|mm|in}} | | blank1_info_sec2 = {{convert|4302|mm|in}} | ||
| website = {{URL|udupi.nic.in/}} | | website = {{URL|udupi.nic.in/}} | ||
| footnotes = | | footnotes = | ||
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kannada language|Kannada]] | | demographics1_info1 = [[Kannada language|Kannada]] | ||
| blank2_name_sec1 = Largest city | | blank2_name_sec1 = Largest city | ||
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Udupi | | blank2_info_sec1 = [[Udupi]] | ||
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]] | | blank3_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]] | ||
| blank3_info_sec1 = 1094 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]] [https://www.census2011.co.in/census/district/268-udupi.html] | | blank3_info_sec1 = 1094 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]] [https://www.census2011.co.in/census/district/268-udupi.html] | ||
| Line 81: | Line 98: | ||
| official_name = | | official_name = | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Udupi district''' (also | '''Udupi district''' (also [[Udipi]] ({{IPA|kn|uɖupi|IPA}}) in Kannada or [[Odipu]] ({{IPA|tcy|oɖipu|IPA}}) in [[Tulu language]]) is an <ref>{{Cite web |title=Coastal Karnataka |url=http://karenvis.nic.in/Database/Coastal_Karnataka_7956.aspx |access-date=2022-06-24 |website=karenvis.nic.in |archive-date=16 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210916153709/http://karenvis.nic.in/Database/Coastal_Karnataka_7956.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> administrative subdivision in the [[Karnataka]] state of [[India]], with the district headquarters in the city of [[Udupi]]. It is situated in the [[Canara]] old north Malabar coastal region. There are seven<ref>{{Cite news|date=15 February 2018|title=Thimmappa inaugurates four new taluks (tehsils) in Udupi|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/thimmappa-inaugurates-three-new-taluks-in-udupi/article22758000.ece|access-date=2 September 2018|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> taluks, 233 villages and 21 towns in Udupi district. The three northern [[tehsil]]s of [[Udupi]], [[Kundapur]] and [[Karkala]], were partitioned from [[Dakshina Kannada district]] ([[South Canara]]) to form Udupi district on 25 August 1997.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Prabhu |first=Ganesh |date=28 June 2019 |title=Proposal submitted for new building for District Hospital in Udupi |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/proposal-submitted-for-new-building-for-district-hospital-in-udupi/article28219993.ece |access-date=20 September 2024 |work=The Hindu |language= |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> [[Moodabidri]] was officially declared as new tehsil (taluk) in 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=3 August 2018 |title=Kadaba, Moodbidri taluks to be inaugurated on I-Day |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/kadaba-moodbidri-taluks-be-685271.html |access-date=2024-09-21 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> | ||
In February 2018, the district was split to into 3 more taluks, with [[Byndoor]] being carved out of [[Kundapur]] taluk and the Udupi taluk being split into three parts.{{ | In February 2018, the district was split to into 3 more taluks, with [[Byndoor]] being carved out of [[Kundapur]] taluk and the Udupi taluk being split into three parts.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=14 February 2018 |title=Udupi dist gets 3 new taluks |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/udupi-dist-gets-3-taluks-1920395 |access-date=20 September 2024 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> Along with the initial Udupi taluk, [[Kapu, Karnataka|Kapu]], [[Brahmavar]] and [[Hebri]] were created.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=15 February 2018 |title=Thimmappa inaugurates three new taluks in Udupi |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/thimmappa-inaugurates-three-new-taluks-in-udupi/article22758000.ece |access-date=20 September 2024 |work=The Hindu |language= |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> | ||
Dinakar Babu and Sheela K Shetty of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party|Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)]] are the current president ([[Sarpanch]]) and vice-president of the Udupi Zilla Panchayat, respectively, after the election held at the Zilla Panchayat on 27 April 2016.{{ | Dinakar Babu and Sheela K Shetty of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party|Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)]] are the current president ([[Sarpanch]]) and vice-president of the Udupi Zilla Panchayat, respectively, after the election held at the Zilla Panchayat on 27 April 2016.{{citation needed|date=October 2021}}<ref>{{cite news | ||
|url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/08/13/stories/2006081317290300.htm | |||
|title=Tulu Nadu movement gaining momentum | |||
|newspaper=[[The Hindu]] | |||
|access-date=27 May 2009 | |||
|location=Chennai, India | |||
|date=13 August 2006 | |||
|url-status=unfit | |||
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120924043309/http://www.hindu.com/2006/08/13/stories/2006081317290300.htm | |||
|archive-date=24 September 2012 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
== Location == | == Location == | ||
Udupi district is surrounded by [[Uttara Kannada]] district in north, [[Dakshina Kannada]] district in southern direction. [[Shimoga district]] borders on north east side and [[Chikmagalur district]] on east. [[Arabian | Udupi district is surrounded by [[Uttara Kannada]] district in north, [[Dakshina Kannada]] district in southern direction. [[Shimoga district]] borders on north east side and [[Chikmagalur district]] on east. The [[Arabian Sea]] is west of Udupi district. | ||
==Transportation== | ==Transportation== | ||
Udupi district is connected by road and railway line. The National highway 66 (previously NH-17) is the main highway road of Udupi district. National highway 169A connects this district with [[Thirthahalli]] in Shivamogga district but it is very narrow at many places and only mini buses and mini lorries are allowed on [[Agumbe]] ghat through which this national highway 169A passes.<ref>{{Citation |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2019/feb/19/thirthahalli-malpe-nh-takes-off-in-phases-400-trees-marked-1940725.html|title=Thirthahalli-Malpe National Highway takes off in phases, 400 trees marked|date=19 February 2019|work=The New Indian Express |access-date=30 September 2019|language=en}}</ref> The national highway 169 (previously NH 13) from Mangaluru to Shivamogga passes through Sanoor, Karkala, Bajagoli, Mudar of this district. There are few state highways(SH) built and maintained by Karnataka public works department (P.W.D.). Main District Roads (M.D.R) connect villages and towns of the district. | Udupi district is connected by road and railway line. The National highway 66 (previously NH-17) is the main highway road of Udupi district. National highway 169A connects this district with [[Thirthahalli]] in Shivamogga district but it is very narrow at many places and only mini buses and mini lorries are allowed on [[Agumbe]] ghat through which this national highway 169A passes.<ref>{{Citation |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2019/feb/19/thirthahalli-malpe-nh-takes-off-in-phases-400-trees-marked-1940725.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190220160112/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2019/feb/19/thirthahalli-malpe-nh-takes-off-in-phases-400-trees-marked-1940725.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=20 February 2019|title=Thirthahalli-Malpe National Highway takes off in phases, 400 trees marked|date=19 February 2019|work=The New Indian Express |access-date=30 September 2019|language=en}}</ref> The national highway 169 (previously NH 13) from Mangaluru to Shivamogga passes through Sanoor, Karkala, Bajagoli, Mudar of this district. There are few state highways(SH) built and maintained by Karnataka public works department (P.W.D.). Main District Roads (M.D.R) connect villages and towns of the district. | ||
[[Konkan Railway]] connects Udupi with Goa, | [[Konkan Railway]] connects Udupi with Goa, Maharashtra and Kerala states. [[Udupi]], [[Byndoor]], [[Kundapura]], [[Barkur]], Innanje, and [[Padubidre]] are few railway stations on Konkan railway line. There are trains from Udupi to state capital [[Bangalore]], [[Mangalore]], [[Kasaragod]], [[Margao]], [[Thane]] and [[Mumbai]]. | ||
==Demographics== | ==Demographics== | ||
{{historical populations|11=1901|12=4,13,076|13=1911|14=4,25,607|15=1921|16=4,37,908|17=1931|18=4,66,756|19=1941|20=5,07,316|21=1951|22=5,75,817|23=1961|24=6,48,798|25=1971|26=7,75,647|27=1981|28=9,48,696|29=1991|30=10,38,099|31=2001|32=11,12,243|33=2011|34=11,77,361|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=center}} | |||
{{bar box | {{bar box | ||
|title=Religions in Udupi district (2011)<ref name=" | |title=Religions in Udupi district (2011)<ref name="religion">{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: Karnataka |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11378/download/14491/DDW29C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref> | ||
|titlebar=#Fcd116 | |titlebar=#Fcd116 | ||
|left1=Religion | |left1=Religion | ||
| Line 112: | Line 133: | ||
|float=left | |float=left | ||
|bars= | |bars= | ||
{{bar percent|[[ | {{bar percent|[[Hinduism in Karnataka|Hinduism]]|darkorange|85.72}} | ||
{{bar percent|[[ | {{bar percent|[[Islam]]|green|8.22}} | ||
{{bar percent|[[ | {{bar percent|[[Christianity in Karnataka|Christianity]]|dodgerblue|5.59}} | ||
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.47}} | {{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.47}} | ||
}} | }} | ||
According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] Udupi district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 1,177,361.<ref name=districtcensus>{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=District Census Handbook: Udupi |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/636/download/2192/DH_2011_2915_PART_A_DCHB_UDUPI.pdf |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 403rd in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name="districtcensus" /> The district has a population density of {{convert|304|PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}}.<ref name="districtcensus" /> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001-2011 was 5.9%.<ref name="districtcensus" /> | |||
Udupi district has {{formatnum:253078}} households, population of {{formatnum:1177361}} of which {{formatnum:562131}} are males and {{formatnum:615230}} are females. The population of children between age 0-6 is {{formatnum:103160}} which is 8.76% of the total population. The sex-ratio of Udupi district is around 1094 compared to 973 which is average of Karnataka state. The literacy rate of Udupi district is 78.69% out of which 82.85% males are literate and 74.89% females are literate. The total area of Udupi is {{cvt|3,582|sqkm}} with a population density of {{cvt|329|sqkm}}. | |||
Udupi has a [[sex ratio]] of 1093 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males, and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 86.29%. 28.37% of the population lives in urban areas. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes]] make up 6.41% and 4.49% of the population respectively.<ref name="districtcensus" /> | |||
{{Pie chart | {{Pie chart | ||
|caption = Languages of Udupi district (2011) | |caption = Languages of Udupi district (2011)<ref name="language">{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Karnataka|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-2900.XLSX|website=[[Census of India]] |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref> | ||
|label1 = [[Kannada]] |value1 = 42.70 |color1 = | |label1 = [[Kannada]] |value1 = 42.70 |color1 = darkslateblue | ||
|label2 = [[Tulu language|Tulu]] |value2 = 31.44 |color2 = | |label2 = [[Tulu language|Tulu]] |value2 = 31.44 |color2 = deepskyblue | ||
|label3 = [[Konkani language|Konkani]] |value3 = 12.16 |color3 = | |label3 = [[Konkani language|Konkani]] |value3 = 12.16 |color3 = salmon | ||
|label4 = [[Urdu]] |value4 = 4.61 |color4 = green | |label4 = [[Urdu]] |value4 = 4.61 |color4 = green | ||
|label5 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]] |value5 = 2.83 |color5 = red | |label5 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]] |value5 = 2.83 |color5 = red | ||
|label6 = [[Malayalam]] |value6 = 2.13 |color6 = cornflowerblue | |label6 = [[Malayalam]] |value6 = 2.13 |color6 = cornflowerblue | ||
|label7 = [[Beary language|Beary]] |value7 = 2.01 |color7 = limegreen | |label7 = [[Beary language|Beary]] |value7 = 2.01 |color7 = limegreen | ||
|label8 = Others |value8 =2.12 |color8 = grey | |label8 = Others |value8 = 2.12 |color8 = grey | ||
}} | }} | ||
At | |||
At the 2011 census, 42.70% of the population spoke [[Kannada]], 31.44% [[Tulu language|Tulu]], 12.16% [[Konkani language|Konkani]], 4.61% [[Urdu]], 2.83% [[Marathi language|Marathi]], 2.13% [[Malayalam]] and 2.01% [[Beary language|Beary]] as their first language.<ref name="languages">{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Karnataka |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10208/download/13320/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-2900.XLSX |website=www.censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref> | |||
==Climate== | ==Climate== | ||
Udupi has a tropical climate.<ref>India Today: An Encyclopedia of Life in the Republic By Arnold P. Kaminsky, Roger D. Long [https://books.google.com/books?id=wWDnTWrz4O8C | Udupi district has a tropical monsoon climate with hot, humid summers and very heavy monsoon rainfall. The hot pre-monsoon/summer period runs from March to May, when daytime temperatures typically range from about 30–34 °C and humidity rises before the onset of the south-west monsoon. The main rainy season is from June to September, with frequent heavy showers, strong coastal winds and high humidity; October–November are the retreating monsoon months with occasional rainfall, and December–February are comparatively dry and mild. | ||
Udupi is one of Karnataka’s wettest districts. Long-term district averages reported by state/meteorological sources put Udupi’s average annual rainfall in the range of about 4,200–4,500 mm (IMD/state reports give figures such as ~4,535 mm in recent state summaries). This places Udupi among the highest-rainfall districts in Karnataka and India. | |||
<ref>Udupi pips Agumbe to be Karnataka’s wettest place” — Deccan Herald (May 2022) — notes very high totals in 2016 and local records.https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/udupi-pips-agumbe-to-be-karnatakas-wettest-place-1111614.html </ref> | |||
The district has recorded exceptionally high totals in some years. For example, Udupi recorded very high annual totals in the mid-2010s (reports note 2016 totals exceeding 5,900 mm in the district), and nearby taluks (Karkala) recorded exceptional localized totals the following year. In June 2025 Udupi received an unusually large monthly total (about 1,140 mm for June) and was reported as the highest-rainfall district in India for that month in IMD/press summaries. These event years are often cited when describing Udupi’s status as one of India’s wettest districts. | |||
<ref>IMD / news coverage — Udupi recorded the highest district rainfall for June 2025 (monthly total ≈1,140 mm) — reported in Daijiworld / NewsKarnataka [https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay?newsID=1285453&utm_source] </ref> | |||
Udupi has a tropical climate.<ref>India Today: An Encyclopedia of Life in the Republic By Arnold P. Kaminsky, Roger D. Long [https://books.google.com/books?id=wWDnTWrz4O8C&dq=udupi+district+geography&pg=PA401]</ref> | |||
Udupi had record rainfall during September 2020, with mass floods following soon after. The district received 315.3 mm rainfall which is a record in Udupi taluk during the last 40 years.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Udupi: Untimely rain catches district administration off guard, inept relief measures in place|url=http://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay.aspx?newsID=753189|access-date=10 October 2020|website=daijiworld.com}}</ref> | Udupi had record rainfall during September 2020, with mass floods following soon after. The district received 315.3 mm rainfall which is a record in Udupi taluk during the last 40 years.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Udupi: Untimely rain catches district administration off guard, inept relief measures in place|url=http://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay.aspx?newsID=753189|access-date=10 October 2020|website=daijiworld.com}}</ref> | ||
== Commerce and industry == | == Commerce and industry == | ||
A [[Udupi Power Plant|thermal power plant]] has been set up at [[Nandikoor]] in Udupi district, with installed capacity of 1200 MW and a further 1600 MW proposed. | A [[Udupi Power Plant|thermal power plant]] has been set up at [[Nandicoor|Nandikoor]] in Udupi district, with installed capacity of 1200 MW and a further 1600 MW proposed. | ||
[[Suzlon]] has a manufacturing facility at [[Padubidre]] for making blades for wind mills. The project has been mired in controversies, with the company announcing a lock-out in November 2017 that lasted for more than a month. Activities were again suspended in July 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/state/mangaluru/suzlon-unit-shuts-down-680805.html|title=Suzlon unit shuts down temporarily|date=12 July 2018|work=Deccan Herald|access-date=1 December 2018|language=en}}</ref> | [[Suzlon]] has a manufacturing facility at [[Padubidri|Padubidre]] for making blades for wind mills. The project has been mired in controversies, with the company announcing a lock-out in November 2017 that lasted for more than a month. Activities were again suspended in July 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/state/mangaluru/suzlon-unit-shuts-down-680805.html|title=Suzlon unit shuts down temporarily|date=12 July 2018|work=Deccan Herald|access-date=1 December 2018|language=en}}</ref> | ||
A [[Strategic Petroleum Reserve (India)|strategic petroleum reserve]] is | A [[Strategic Petroleum Reserve (India)|strategic petroleum reserve]] is set up at an underground location in the village of Padur ([[Padoor, Karnataka|Padoor]]) in the Udupi district.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/05/28/stories/2009052854580500.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090531092954/http://www.hindu.com/2009/05/28/stories/2009052854580500.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=31 May 2009 | location=Chennai, India | work=[[The Hindu]] | title=Work begins on strategic petroleum reserve in Mangalore | date=28 May 2009}}</ref> | ||
At Shivalli Industrial Estate in [[Manipal]] a few small scale industries have set up factories. There are few clay roof tiles (Mangalore tiles) industry, Cashew nut processing industry, Coconut oil mills and fish meal industry in Udupi district. There are many small entrepreneurs who make Pickles, Happala ( Pappad ), Spices powder and other food products in this district. Prior to nationalisation of commercial banks and insurance companies in early 1960s the district had many private banks and insurance companies. Syndicate Bank, Corporation Bank and Canara Bank had genesis in this district ( then South Kanara district ) before independence of India from British in 1947 A.D.<ref>{{Citation |url=http://gazetteer.kar.nic.in/gazetteer/distGazetteer.html#|title=District Gazetteer|year=2012|work= Govt of Karnataka|access-date=30 September 2019|language=en}}</ref> | At Shivalli Industrial Estate in [[Manipal]] a few small scale industries have set up factories. There are few clay roof tiles (Mangalore tiles) industry, Cashew nut processing industry, Coconut oil mills and fish meal industry in Udupi district. There are many small entrepreneurs who make Pickles, Happala (Pappad), Spices powder and other food products in this district. Prior to nationalisation of commercial banks and insurance companies in early 1960s the district had many private banks and insurance companies. Syndicate Bank, Corporation Bank and Canara Bank had genesis in this district (then South Kanara district) before independence of India from British in 1947 A.D.<ref>{{Citation |url=http://gazetteer.kar.nic.in/gazetteer/distGazetteer.html#|title=District Gazetteer|year=2012|work= Govt of Karnataka|access-date=30 September 2019|language=en}}</ref> | ||
== Notable people == | == Notable people == | ||
{{alumni|people|date=September 2017}} | {{alumni|people|date=September 2017}} | ||
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English | <!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Bharatpedia ♦♦♦---> | ||
<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦---> | <!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦---> | ||
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}} | {{Div col|colwidth=30em}} | ||
* [[V. S. Acharya]] | * [[V. S. Acharya]]<ref>{{Cite news |agency=Press Trust of India |date=2012-02-15 |title=V S Acharya passes away |work=Business Standard India |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/v-s-acharya-passes-away-112021500019_1.html |access-date=2022-07-07}}</ref> | ||
* [[Ravi Basrur]] | * [[Ravi Basrur]] | ||
* [[Siddharth Basrur]] | * [[Siddharth Basrur]] | ||
* [[P. Gururaja Bhat]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.barkuronline.com/article/post/about-barkur/educationist-historian-father-south-kanara-archaeology-dr-p-gururaja-bhatt|title=Dr P. Gururaja Bhatt, An educationist, historian, 'Father of South Kanara Archaeology'..|access-date=2 November 2023}}</ref> historian of Tulunadu | |||
* [[K. Raghupati Bhat]] | * [[K. Raghupati Bhat]] | ||
* [[Ramesh Bhat]] | |||
* [[Bannanje Govindacharya]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/bannanje-govindacharya-sanskrit-scholar-passes-away-7103456/|title=Bannanje Govindacharya, Sanskrit scholar and Padma Shri awardee, passes away|date=13 December 2020 |access-date=2 November 2023}}</ref> Madhva philosophy scholar | |||
* [[Guru Dutt]] | * [[Guru Dutt]] | ||
* [[Oscar Fernandes]] | * [[Oscar Fernandes]] | ||
* [[Harini (Kannada actress)|Harini]] | * [[Harini (Kannada actress)|Harini]],<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/Forever-remembered-in-Jaganmohini/article17138010.ece|title=Forever remembered in Jaganmohini|newspaper=The Hindu |date=2 February 2017 |access-date=2 November 2023 |last1=Khajane |first1=Muralidhara }}</ref> Kannada movie heroine | ||
* [[K. Jayaprakash Hegde]] | * [[K. Jayaprakash Hegde]] | ||
* [[N. Santosh Hegde]] | * [[N. Santosh Hegde]] | ||
* [[Pooja Hegde]] | * [[Pooja Hegde]] | ||
* [[K. Shivaram Karanth]] | * [[K. Shivaram Karanth]] | ||
* [[Kashinath (actor)|Kashinath]] | |||
* [[V. Sunil Kumar]] | * [[V. Sunil Kumar]] | ||
* [[Pramod Madhwaraj]] | * [[Pramod Madhwaraj]] | ||
* [[Veerappa Moily]] | * [[Veerappa Moily]] | ||
* [[Ramdas Pai]] | * [[Ramdas Pai]] | ||
* [[T. M. A. Pai]] | * [[T. M. A. Pai]] | ||
* [[Kota Srinivas Poojary]] | * [[Kota Srinivas Poojary]] | ||
* [[Vinaya Prasad]] | * [[Vinaya Prasad]] | ||
* [[Udupi Ramachandra Rao]] | * [[Udupi Ramachandra Rao]],<ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/science/indian-space-pioneer-udupi-ramachandra-rao-passes-away-at-85/articleshow/59732093.cms|title=Indian space pioneer Udupi Ramachandra Rao passes away at 85|newspaper=The Economic Times |date=24 July 2017 |access-date=2 November 2023}}</ref> space scientist and former chairman of ISRO | ||
* [[Ravi Shastri]] | * [[Ravi Shastri]] | ||
* [[B. R. Shetty]] | * [[B. R. Shetty]] | ||
| Line 177: | Line 215: | ||
* [[Rakshit Shetty]] | * [[Rakshit Shetty]] | ||
* [[Rishab Shetty]] | * [[Rishab Shetty]] | ||
* [[Upendra (actor)|Upendra]] | * [[Upendra (actor)|Upendra]] | ||
* [[B. Vittalacharya]] | * [[B. Vittalacharya]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://silverscreenindia.com/movies/features/a-face-to-the-faceless-the-b-vittalacharya-birthday-tribute/|title=A Face to the Faceless: The B Vittalacharya Tribute|publisher=silverscreenindia|access-date=2 November 2023|archive-date=5 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230805093749/https://silverscreenindia.com/movies/features/a-face-to-the-faceless-the-b-vittalacharya-birthday-tribute/|url-status=dead}}</ref> film director in Telugu, Tamil cinema | ||
{{Div col end}} | {{Div col end}} | ||
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English | <!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Bharatpedia ♦♦♦---> | ||
<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by the LAST NAME ♦♦♦---> | <!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by the LAST NAME ♦♦♦---> | ||
| Line 197: | Line 235: | ||
*[[St. Mary's Islands]] | *[[St. Mary's Islands]] | ||
*[[Udyavara]] | *[[Udyavara]] | ||
*[[Yenagudde]] | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
| Line 238: | Line 277: | ||
}} | }} | ||
* {{Citation |title=Statistical Atlas of the Madras State (1951)|last=Rajabhushanam|first=D. S.|publisher=Director of Statistics, Government of Madras|year=1963|location=Madras (Chennai)|url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/6454/1/9111_1951_STA.pdf}} | * {{Citation |title=Statistical Atlas of the Madras State (1951)|last=Rajabhushanam|first=D. S.|publisher=Director of Statistics, Government of Madras|year=1963|location=Madras (Chennai)|url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/6454/1/9111_1951_STA.pdf}} | ||
*Studies in Tuluva History and Culture (1975) by [[P. Gururaja Bhat]], Published by Padur Gururaj Bhat Memorial Trust, Udupi, Reprint year 2014. | |||
== External links == | == External links == | ||
Latest revision as of 10:37, 19 February 2026
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (October 2021) |
Udupi district | |
|---|---|
 .jpg)    Clockwise from top-left: Udupi Sri Krishna Matha, Chaturmukha Basadi in Karkala, Kapu Beach, St. Mary's Islands near Malpe, Mookambika Temple in Kollur | |
| Nickname: Temple City | |
.svg) Location in Karnataka | |
| Coordinates: 13°21′N 74°45′E / 13.35°N 74.75°E | |
| Country |  India |
| State | Karnataka |
| Region | Tulunadu[1] |
| Established | 25 August 1997 |
| Headquarters | Udupi |
| Talukas | Udupi, Karkala, Kundapura, Hebri, Byndoor, Brahmavara & Kaup |
| Government | |
| • Type | District Administration |
| • Body | Zilla panchayat |
| • Deputy Commissioner and District Magistrate | Swaroopa T. K., IAS |
| • Chief Executive Officer | Prateek Bayal (IAS) |
| • Superintendent of Police | Hariram Shankar IPS |
| • District Incharge Minister | Lakshmi Hebbalkar |
| Area | |
| • Total | 3,880 km2 (1,500 sq mi) |
| Population | |
| • Total | 1,177,361 |
| • Density | 300/km2 (790/sq mi) |
| Languages | |
| • Official | Kannada |
| • Regional | Tulu,Kundapra bhashi, Konkani, Urdu, Beary[4] |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 576 101 |
| ISO 3166 code | IN-KA-UD |
| Vehicle registration | KA-20 |
| Coastline | 98 kilometres (61 mi) |
| Largest city | Udupi |
| Sex ratio | 1094 ♂/♀ [3] |
| Literacy | 86.24% |
| Lok Sabha constituency | Udupi-Chikmagalur |
| Precipitation | 4,302 millimetres (169.4 in) |
| Website | udupi |
Udupi district (also Udipi (kn) in Kannada or Odipu (tcy) in Tulu language) is an [5] administrative subdivision in the Karnataka state of India, with the district headquarters in the city of Udupi. It is situated in the Canara old north Malabar coastal region. There are seven[6] taluks, 233 villages and 21 towns in Udupi district. The three northern tehsils of Udupi, Kundapur and Karkala, were partitioned from Dakshina Kannada district (South Canara) to form Udupi district on 25 August 1997.[7] Moodabidri was officially declared as new tehsil (taluk) in 2018.[8]
In February 2018, the district was split to into 3 more taluks, with Byndoor being carved out of Kundapur taluk and the Udupi taluk being split into three parts.[9] Along with the initial Udupi taluk, Kapu, Brahmavar and Hebri were created.[10]
Dinakar Babu and Sheela K Shetty of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) are the current president (Sarpanch) and vice-president of the Udupi Zilla Panchayat, respectively, after the election held at the Zilla Panchayat on 27 April 2016.[citation needed][11]
Location[edit | edit source]
Udupi district is surrounded by Uttara Kannada district in north, Dakshina Kannada district in southern direction. Shimoga district borders on north east side and Chikmagalur district on east. The Arabian Sea is west of Udupi district.
Transportation[edit | edit source]
Udupi district is connected by road and railway line. The National highway 66 (previously NH-17) is the main highway road of Udupi district. National highway 169A connects this district with Thirthahalli in Shivamogga district but it is very narrow at many places and only mini buses and mini lorries are allowed on Agumbe ghat through which this national highway 169A passes.[12] The national highway 169 (previously NH 13) from Mangaluru to Shivamogga passes through Sanoor, Karkala, Bajagoli, Mudar of this district. There are few state highways(SH) built and maintained by Karnataka public works department (P.W.D.). Main District Roads (M.D.R) connect villages and towns of the district.
Konkan Railway connects Udupi with Goa, Maharashtra and Kerala states. Udupi, Byndoor, Kundapura, Barkur, Innanje, and Padubidre are few railway stations on Konkan railway line. There are trains from Udupi to state capital Bangalore, Mangalore, Kasaragod, Margao, Thane and Mumbai.
Demographics[edit | edit source]
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 1901 | 413,076 | — |
| 1911 | 425,607 | +0.30% |
| 1921 | 437,908 | +0.29% |
| 1931 | 466,756 | +0.64% |
| 1941 | 507,316 | +0.84% |
| 1951 | 575,817 | +1.27% |
| 1961 | 648,798 | +1.20% |
| 1971 | 775,647 | +1.80% |
| 1981 | 948,696 | +2.03% |
| 1991 | 1,038,099 | +0.90% |
| 2001 | 1,112,243 | +0.69% |
| 2011 | 1,177,361 | +0.57% |
| source:[13] | ||
According to the 2011 census Udupi district has a population of 1,177,361.[15] This gives it a ranking of 403rd in India (out of a total of 640).[15] The district has a population density of 304 inhabitants per square kilometre (790/sq mi).[15] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 5.9%.[15]
Udupi district has 253,078 households, population of 1,177,361 of which 562,131 are males and 615,230 are females. The population of children between age 0-6 is 103,160 which is 8.76% of the total population. The sex-ratio of Udupi district is around 1094 compared to 973 which is average of Karnataka state. The literacy rate of Udupi district is 78.69% out of which 82.85% males are literate and 74.89% females are literate. The total area of Udupi is 3,582 km2 (1,383 sq mi) with a population density of 329 km2 (127 sq mi).
Udupi has a sex ratio of 1093 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 86.29%. 28.37% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 6.41% and 4.49% of the population respectively.[15]
At the 2011 census, 42.70% of the population spoke Kannada, 31.44% Tulu, 12.16% Konkani, 4.61% Urdu, 2.83% Marathi, 2.13% Malayalam and 2.01% Beary as their first language.[4]
Climate[edit | edit source]
Udupi district has a tropical monsoon climate with hot, humid summers and very heavy monsoon rainfall. The hot pre-monsoon/summer period runs from March to May, when daytime temperatures typically range from about 30–34 °C and humidity rises before the onset of the south-west monsoon. The main rainy season is from June to September, with frequent heavy showers, strong coastal winds and high humidity; October–November are the retreating monsoon months with occasional rainfall, and December–February are comparatively dry and mild.
Udupi is one of Karnataka’s wettest districts. Long-term district averages reported by state/meteorological sources put Udupi’s average annual rainfall in the range of about 4,200–4,500 mm (IMD/state reports give figures such as ~4,535 mm in recent state summaries). This places Udupi among the highest-rainfall districts in Karnataka and India. [17]
The district has recorded exceptionally high totals in some years. For example, Udupi recorded very high annual totals in the mid-2010s (reports note 2016 totals exceeding 5,900 mm in the district), and nearby taluks (Karkala) recorded exceptional localized totals the following year. In June 2025 Udupi received an unusually large monthly total (about 1,140 mm for June) and was reported as the highest-rainfall district in India for that month in IMD/press summaries. These event years are often cited when describing Udupi’s status as one of India’s wettest districts. [18]
Udupi has a tropical climate.[19]
Udupi had record rainfall during September 2020, with mass floods following soon after. The district received 315.3 mm rainfall which is a record in Udupi taluk during the last 40 years.[20]
Commerce and industry[edit | edit source]
A thermal power plant has been set up at Nandikoor in Udupi district, with installed capacity of 1200 MW and a further 1600 MW proposed.
Suzlon has a manufacturing facility at Padubidre for making blades for wind mills. The project has been mired in controversies, with the company announcing a lock-out in November 2017 that lasted for more than a month. Activities were again suspended in July 2018.[21]
A strategic petroleum reserve is set up at an underground location in the village of Padur (Padoor) in the Udupi district.[22]
At Shivalli Industrial Estate in Manipal a few small scale industries have set up factories. There are few clay roof tiles (Mangalore tiles) industry, Cashew nut processing industry, Coconut oil mills and fish meal industry in Udupi district. There are many small entrepreneurs who make Pickles, Happala (Pappad), Spices powder and other food products in this district. Prior to nationalisation of commercial banks and insurance companies in early 1960s the district had many private banks and insurance companies. Syndicate Bank, Corporation Bank and Canara Bank had genesis in this district (then South Kanara district) before independence of India from British in 1947 A.D.[23]
Notable people[edit | edit source]
 | This article's list of people may not follow Bharatpedia's verifiability policy. (September 2017) |
- V. S. Acharya[24]
- Ravi Basrur
- Siddharth Basrur
- P. Gururaja Bhat,[25] historian of Tulunadu
- K. Raghupati Bhat
- Ramesh Bhat
- Bannanje Govindacharya,[26] Madhva philosophy scholar
- Guru Dutt
- Oscar Fernandes
- Harini,[27] Kannada movie heroine
- K. Jayaprakash Hegde
- N. Santosh Hegde
- Pooja Hegde
- K. Shivaram Karanth
- Kashinath
- V. Sunil Kumar
- Pramod Madhwaraj
- Veerappa Moily
- Ramdas Pai
- T. M. A. Pai
- Kota Srinivas Poojary
- Vinaya Prasad
- Udupi Ramachandra Rao,[28] space scientist and former chairman of ISRO
- Ravi Shastri
- B. R. Shetty
- Dayanand Shetty
- Raj Shetty
- Rakshit Shetty
- Rishab Shetty
- Upendra
- B. Vittalacharya,[29] film director in Telugu, Tamil cinema
See also[edit | edit source]
- List of villages in Udupi district
- Udupi cuisine
- Kere Basadi
- South Kanara (North) (Lok Sabha constituency)
- South Kanara (South) (Lok Sabha constituency)
- Kukkikatte
- Bankerkatta
- Kuthpady
- Malpe
- Tonse
- St. Mary's Islands
- Udyavara
- Yenagudde
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ "Tulu Nadu movement gaining momentum". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 13 August 2006. Archived from the original on 24 September 2012. Retrieved 27 May 2009.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Know India - Karnataka". Government of India. Retrieved 6 December 2010.
- ↑ "Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)". Census Commission of India. Archived from the original on 16 June 2004. Retrieved 1 November 2008.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Karnataka". www.censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
- ↑ "Coastal Karnataka". karenvis.nic.in. Archived from the original on 16 September 2021. Retrieved 24 June 2022.
- ↑ "Thimmappa inaugurates four new taluks (tehsils) in Udupi". The Hindu. 15 February 2018. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 2 September 2018.
- ↑ Prabhu, Ganesh (28 June 2019). "Proposal submitted for new building for District Hospital in Udupi". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 20 September 2024.
- ↑ "Kadaba, Moodbidri taluks to be inaugurated on I-Day". Deccan Herald. 3 August 2018. Retrieved 21 September 2024.
- ↑ "Udupi dist gets 3 new taluks". Deccan Herald. 14 February 2018. Retrieved 20 September 2024.
- ↑ "Thimmappa inaugurates three new taluks in Udupi". The Hindu. 15 February 2018. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 20 September 2024.
- ↑ "Tulu Nadu movement gaining momentum". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 13 August 2006. Archived from the original on 24 September 2012. Retrieved 27 May 2009.
- ↑ "Thirthahalli-Malpe National Highway takes off in phases, 400 trees marked", The New Indian Express, 19 February 2019, archived from the original on 20 February 2019, retrieved 30 September 2019
- ↑ Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901
- ↑ "Table C-01 Population by Religion: Karnataka". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011.
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 "District Census Handbook: Udupi" (PDF). censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011.
- ↑ "Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Karnataka". Census of India. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
- ↑ Udupi pips Agumbe to be Karnataka’s wettest place” — Deccan Herald (May 2022) — notes very high totals in 2016 and local records.https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/udupi-pips-agumbe-to-be-karnatakas-wettest-place-1111614.html
- ↑ IMD / news coverage — Udupi recorded the highest district rainfall for June 2025 (monthly total ≈1,140 mm) — reported in Daijiworld / NewsKarnataka [1]
- ↑ India Today: An Encyclopedia of Life in the Republic By Arnold P. Kaminsky, Roger D. Long [2]
- ↑ "Udupi: Untimely rain catches district administration off guard, inept relief measures in place". daijiworld.com. Retrieved 10 October 2020.
- ↑ "Suzlon unit shuts down temporarily". Deccan Herald. 12 July 2018. Retrieved 1 December 2018.
- ↑ "Work begins on strategic petroleum reserve in Mangalore". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 28 May 2009. Archived from the original on 31 May 2009.
- ↑ "District Gazetteer", Govt of Karnataka, 2012, retrieved 30 September 2019
- ↑ "V S Acharya passes away". Business Standard India. Press Trust of India. 15 February 2012. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
- ↑ "Dr P. Gururaja Bhatt, An educationist, historian, 'Father of South Kanara Archaeology'." Retrieved 2 November 2023.
- ↑ "Bannanje Govindacharya, Sanskrit scholar and Padma Shri awardee, passes away". 13 December 2020. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
- ↑ Khajane, Muralidhara (2 February 2017). "Forever remembered in Jaganmohini". The Hindu. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
- ↑ "Indian space pioneer Udupi Ramachandra Rao passes away at 85". The Economic Times. 24 July 2017. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
- ↑ "A Face to the Faceless: The B Vittalacharya Tribute". silverscreenindia. Archived from the original on 5 August 2023. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
Further reading[edit | edit source]
- S. Muhammad Hussain Nainar (1942), Tuhfat-al-Mujahidin: An Historical Work in The Arabic Language, University of Madras, ISBN 9789839154801
- J. Sturrock (1894), Madras District Manuals - South Canara (Volume-I), Madras Government Press
- Harold A. Stuart (1895), Madras District Manuals - South Canara (Volume-II), Madras Government Press
- Government of Madras (1905), Madras District Gazetteers: Statistical Appendix for South Canara District, Madras Government Press
- Government of Madras (1915), Madras District Gazetteers South Canara (Volume-II), Madras Government Press
- Government of Madras (1953), 1951 Census Handbook- South Canara District (PDF), Madras Government Press
- J. I. Arputhanathan (1955), South Kanara, The Nilgiris, Malabar and Coimbatore Districts (Village-wise Mother-tongue Data for Bilingual or Multilingual Taluks) (PDF), Madras Government Press
- Rajabhushanam, D. S. (1963), Statistical Atlas of the Madras State (1951) (PDF), Madras (Chennai): Director of Statistics, Government of Madras
- Studies in Tuluva History and Culture (1975) by P. Gururaja Bhat, Published by Padur Gururaj Bhat Memorial Trust, Udupi, Reprint year 2014.
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