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{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{short description|Indian politician (born 1934)}}
{{Distinguish|Manohar Joshi}}
{{Distinguish|Manohar Joshi}}
{{BLP sources|date=June 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
{{Infobox Indian politician
| image               = Murli Manohar Joshi MP.jpg
|image = Murli Manohar Joshi MP.jpg
| birth_date         = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1934|01|05}}
|birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1934|1|5}}
| name               = Murli Manohar Joshi
|name = Murli Manohar Joshi
| caption            = Official portrait, 2014
|birth_place = [[Almora]], [[United Provinces of British India|United Provinces]], [[British India]] <br>(present-day [[Uttarakhand]], [[India]])
| birth_place         = [[Delhi]], [[British India]]
| office = [[Ministry of Human Resource Development (India)|Minister of Human Resource Development]]
| office             = [[Ministry of Human Resource Development (India)|Union Minister of Human Resource Development]]
| constituency9 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| constituency8      = [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh|Uttar Pradesh]]
| term = 19 March 1998 – 22 May 2004
| term               = 19 March 1998 – 22 May 2004
| predecessor = [[S. R. Bommai]]
| predecessor         = [[S. R. Bommai]]
|successor = [[Arjun Singh (politician, born 1930)|Arjun Singh]]
| successor           = [[Arjun Singh (politician, born 1930)|Arjun Singh]]
| office2 = [[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Minister of Home Affairs]]
| office1            = 3rd [[National President of the Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| primeminister = [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
| term_start1        = 1991
| term_start2 = 16 May 1996
| term_end1          = 1993
| term_end2 = 1 June 1996
| predecessor1        = [[Lal Krishna Advani]]
| predecessor2 = [[Shankarrao Chavan]]
| successor1          = Lal Krishna Advani
| successor2 = [[H. D. Deve Gowda]]
| office2             = [[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Union Minister of Home Affairs]]
| office3 = [[Ministry of Science and Technology (India)|Minister of Science and Technology]]
| prime_minister      = [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
| primeminister2 = [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
| term_start2         = 16 May 1996
| term3 = 19 March 1998 – 21 May 2004
| term_end2           = 1 June 1996
|predecessor3 =
| predecessor2       = [[Shankarrao Chavan]]
|successor3 = [[Kapil Sibal]]
| successor2         = [[H. D. Deve Gowda]]
| office4 = [[Member of the Lok Sabha]]
| office3             = [[Ministry of Science and Technology (India)|Union Minister of Science and Technology]]
| constituency4 = [[Kanpur (Lok Sabha Constituency)|Kanpur]]
| prime_minister2      = Atal Bihari Vajpayee
| term_start4 = 16 May 2014
| term3               = 19 March 1998 – 21 May 2004
| term_end4 = 23 May 2019
| predecessor3       = [[Yoginder K Alagh]]
| predecessor4 = [[Sriprakash Jaiswal]]
| successor3         = [[Kapil Sibal]]
| successor4 = [[Satyadev Pachauri]]
| office4             = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| primeminister3 = [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
| constituency4       = [[Kanpur Lok Sabha constituency|Kanpur]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| constituency5 = [[Varanasi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Varanasi]]
| term_start4         = 16 May 2014
| term5 = 16 May 2009 – 16 May 2014
| term_end4           = 23 May 2019
| predecessor5 = [[Rajesh Kumar Mishra]]
| predecessor4       = [[Sriprakash Jaiswal]]
| successor5 = [[Narendra Modi]]
| successor4         = [[Satyadev Pachauri]]
| constituency6 = [[Allahabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Allahabad]]
| prime_minister3      = Atal Bihari Vajpayee
| term6 = 1996-2004
| constituency5       = [[Varanasi Lok Sabha constituency|Varanasi]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| predecessor6 = [[Saroj Dubey]]
| term5               = 16 May 2009 – 16 May 2014
| successor6 = [[Rewati Raman Singh]]
| predecessor5       = [[Rajesh Kumar Mishra (born 1950)|Rajesh Kumar Mishra]]
| constituency7 = [[Almora (Lok Sabha constituency)|Almora]]
| successor5         = [[Narendra Modi]]
| term7 = 1977–1980
| constituency6       = [[Prayagraj Lok Sabha constituency|Allahabad]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S2452.htm | title=Election Commission of India }}</ref>
| predecessor7 = Narendra Singh Bisht
| term6               = 10 May 1996 — 17 May 2004
| successor7 = [[Harish Rawat]]
| predecessor6       = [[Saroj Dubey]]
| office8 = [[Member of the Rajya Sabha]]
| successor6         = [[Rewati Raman Singh]]
| term_start8 = 5 July 1992
| constituency7       = [[Almora Lok Sabha constituency|Almora, Uttar Pradesh]]
| term_end8 = 11 May 1996
| term7               = 22 March 1977 – 10 January 1980
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| predecessor7       = [[Narendra Singh Bisht]]
| spouse = Tarla Joshi
| successor7         = [[Harish Rawat]]
| awards = [[Padma Vibhushan]] (2017)
| office8             = [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]]
| alma_mater = [[University of Allahabad]] ([[MSc]], [[PhD]]) 
| term_start8         = 5 July 1992
|signature = MurliManoharJoshi.jpg
| term_end8           = 11 May 1996
| party               = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (since 1980)
| other_party          = {{ubl|[[Janata Party]] {{nowrap|(1977-1980)}}<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mathew |first1=Liz |date=17 August 2018 |title=Vajpayee’s comrades, LK Advani to Murli Manohar Joshi |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/atal-bihari-vajpayees-comrades-lk-advani-to-murli-manohar-joshi-5310851/ |work=The Indian Express |access-date=4 March 2026}}</ref><ref name="IE_Sep2025">{{cite news |last1=Yadav |first1=Shyamlal |date=4 September 2025 |title=At RSS meeting, concerns raised about income inequality, poor per capita GDP — by BJP stalwart Murli Manohar Joshi |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/rss-meeting-murli-manohar-joshi-income-inequality-gdp-bhagwat-10228271/ |work=The Indian Express |access-date=5 March 2026}}</ref> |[[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]]{{nowrap| (1957-1977)}}}}<ref name="IE_Sep2025"/><ref>{{cite news |last1=Varma |first1=Pavan K |date=13 January 2024 |title=Just Like That {{!}} Murli Manohar Joshi at 90: The storied journey of a politician |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/opinion/just-like-that-murli-manohar-joshi-at-90-the-storied-journey-of-a-politician-101705143695660.html |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=4 March 2026}}</ref>
| spouse             = Tarla Joshi
| awards             = [[Padma Vibhushan]] (2017)
| education          = [[Bachelor of Science|BSc]], [[Master of Science|MSc]], [[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]]  
| alma_mater          = [[University of Allahabad]]
| signature           = MurliManoharJoshi.jpg
}}
}}


'''Murli Manohar Joshi''' (born 5 January 1934) is an Indian politician. He is a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) of which he was the President between 1991 and 1993, and the former [[Member of parliament (India)|Member of Parliament]] for [[Kanpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kanpur]] parliamentary constituency. He was formerly a professor of Physics in Allahabad University. He was one of the key leaders of the BJP. Joshi later became the Union [[Human Resources Development]] [[Political minister|minister]] in the [[National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance]] government.<ref>{{cite news |author=Debashish Mukerji |title=Our students don know India's problems (Interview with Murli Manohar Joshi) |newspaper=The Week |date=15 November 1998 |url=http://www.hindunet.org/hvk/articles/1198/0006.html |access-date=8 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304054847/http://www.hindunet.org/hvk/articles/1198/0006.html |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Joshi was awarded [[Padma Vibhushan]], the second-highest civilian award, in 2017 by the [[Government of India]].<ref>{{cite news |title=List of Padma awardees 2017 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/List-of-Padma-awardees-2017/article17092476.ece |access-date=7 March 2021 |work=The Hindu |date=25 January 2017 |language=en-IN}}</ref>
'''Murli Manohar Joshi''' (born 5 January 1934) is an Indian politician. He is one of the founding members and a senior leader of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) and served as its President from 1991 to 1993. In addition to his role in the BJP, he has been a lifelong member of the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] (RSS), a [[Hindutva]] paramilitary organisation. Joshi is the former [[Member of parliament (India)|Member of Parliament]] from [[Kanpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kanpur]] [[Lok Sabha]] constituency.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Dr. Murli Manohar Joshi|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/candidates/dr-murli-manohar-joshi|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> He is a former professor of physics in [[University of Allahabad]]. Joshi later became the Union [[Ministry of Education (India)|Human Resources & Development Minister]] in the [[National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance]] government.<ref>{{cite news|author=Debashish Mukerji|title=Our students don know India's problems (Interview with Murli Manohar Joshi)|newspaper=The Week|date=15 November 1998|url=http://www.hindunet.org/hvk/articles/1198/0006.html|access-date=8 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304054847/http://www.hindunet.org/hvk/articles/1198/0006.html|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Joshi was awarded [[Padma Vibhushan]], the second-highest civilian award, in 2017 by the [[Government of India]].<ref>{{cite news|title=List of Padma awardees 2017|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/List-of-Padma-awardees-2017/article17092476.ece|access-date=7 March 2021|work=The Hindu|date=25 January 2017}}</ref>


== Early life and education ==
== Background and personal life ==
Joshi was born on 5 January 1934, hailing from [[Almora]] in [[Kumaon division|Kumaon]] region, which is now part of the [[Uttarakhand]] state. Joshi had his early education in [[Chandpur, Bijnor|Chandpur]], District Bijnore and Almora . He completed his B.Sc. from [[Meerut College]] and M.Sc. from [[Allahabad University]]. Here one of his teachers was [[Professor Rajendra Singh]], who later became the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh|RSS Sanghchalak]]. He did his doctorate from [[Allahabad University]]. The subject of his doctoral thesis was [[spectroscopy]]. He published a research paper in Physics in [[Hindi]], which was a first of its kind.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.drmurlimanoharjoshi.in/evolutions.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=5 July 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110626053453/http://www.drmurlimanoharjoshi.in/evolutions.html |archive-date=26 June 2011 }}</ref>
Joshi was born in [[Delhi]] on 5 January 1934. His family hails from [[Almora]] in [[Kumaon division|Kumaon]] region, which is now part of the [[Uttarakhand]] state. His father's name was Manmohan Joshi. In 1966, Joshi was married to Tarla Joshi, a lady of his own community and similar family background, in a match arranged by their families in the usual Indian way. The lifelong marriage has proven entirely harmonious and conventional. The couple are the parents of two daughters, Nivedita and Priyamvada.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jain |first=Praveen |date=7 January 2024 |title=Murli Manohar Joshi turns 90: Well-wishers flock to Raisina Road to celebrate life of BJP stalwart |url=https://theprint.in/in-pictures/murli-manohar-joshi-turns-90-well-wishers-flock-to-raisina-road-to-celebrate-life-of-bjp-stalwart/1913267/ |work=ThePrint |access-date=19 January 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Varma |first=Pavan K |date=14 January 2024 |title=Joshi at 90: The storied journey of a politician |url=http://epaper.hindustantimes.com/Home/ShareArticle?OrgId=141c9c204ad |access-date=19 January 2024 |website=epaper.hindustantimes.com/ |language=en}}</ref>
After completing his PhD, Joshi started teaching Physics at [[Allahabad University]].
 
==Education==
Joshi had his early education in [[Chandpur, Bijnor|Chandpur]], [[Bijnor district|district Bijnor]] and in [[Almora]], from where his family hails. He completed his B.Sc. from [[Meerut College]] and M.Sc. from [[Allahabad University]]. In Allahabad, one of his teachers was [[Rajendra Singh (RSS)|Rajendra Singh]], who later became the [[List of Sarsanghchalaks of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh|Sarsanghchalak]] of the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]].
 
Joshi did his doctorate in physics at [[Allahabad University]]. The subject of his doctoral thesis was [[spectroscopy]]. He published a research paper in Physics in [[Hindi]], which was a first of its kind.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.drmurlimanoharjoshi.in/evolutions.html|title=Evolution of Dr Joshi - Welcome to Dr. Murli Manohar Joshi|access-date=5 July 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110626053453/http://www.drmurlimanoharjoshi.in/evolutions.html|archive-date=26 June 2011}}</ref> After completing his PhD, Joshi started teaching physics at [[Allahabad University]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=डॉ मुरली मनोहर जोशी: फिजिक्स के इस प्रोफेसर ने लिखी थी हिंदी में थिसिस, बाद में बने बीजेपी की 'तीसरी धरोहर'|url=https://www.abplive.com/news/dr-murli-manohar-joshi-when-physics-professor-wrote-thesis-in-hindi-later-bjps-third-heritage-abpp-2300368/|website=ABP Live|language=Hindi}}</ref>


== Politics and activism ==
== Politics and activism ==
Joshi came in contact with the RSS in Delhi at a young age and took part in the Cow Protection Movement in 1953–54, in the Kumbh Kisan Andolan of UP in 1955,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Patrick |first1=French |last2=French |first2=Patrick |title=India: A Portrait |date=27 January 2011 |publisher=Penguin Books Limited |isbn=978-0-14-194700-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bf48JIIoLVoC&pg=PT131 |page=131 |language=en}}</ref> demanding halving of land revenue assessment. During the Emergency period (1975–1977) in India, Joshi was in jail from 26 June 1975 until the [[Lok Sabha]] elections in 1977. He was elected Member of Parliament from [[Almora]]. When the [[Janata Party]] (which then included his party) came to power forming the first non-Congress government in Indian history, Joshi was elected General Secretary of the Janata Parliamentary Party. After the fall of the government, his party came out of Janata Party in 1980, and formed the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] or the BJP. Joshi first looked after the Central Office as a General Secretary and later became Party Treasurer. As General Secretary of BJP, he was directly in charge of Bihar, Bengal and North-Eastern States. Later, when BJP formed a government in India under [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]], Joshi served as the Human Resource Development Minister in the cabinet.
Joshi came in contact with the RSS in Delhi at a young age and took part in the Cow Protection Movement in 1953–54, in the Kumbh Kisan Andolan of UP in 1955,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Patrick |first1=French |last2=French |first2=Patrick |title=India: A Portrait |date=27 January 2011 |publisher=Penguin Books Limited |isbn=978-0-14-194700-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bf48JIIoLVoC&pg=PT131 |page=131 |language=en}}</ref> demanding halving of land revenue assessment. During the [[The Emergency (India)|Emergency period]] (1975–1977) in India, Joshi was in jail from 26 June 1975 until the [[Lok Sabha]] elections in 1977. He was elected Member of Parliament from [[Almora]]. When the [[Janata Party]] (which then included his party) came to power forming the first non-Congress government in Indian history, Joshi was elected General Secretary of the Janata Parliamentary Party. After the fall of the government, his party came out of Janata Party in 1980, and formed the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] or the BJP. Joshi first looked after the Central Office as a General Secretary and later became Party Treasurer. As General Secretary of BJP, he was directly in charge of Bihar, Bengal and North-Eastern States. Later, when BJP formed a government in India under [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]], Joshi served as the Human Resource Development Minister in the cabinet.
 
In December 1991, Joshi held a ''[[yatra]]'', the [[Ekta Yatra|''Ekta'' ''Yatra'']], intended to signal that BJP supported national unity and opposed [[Separatist movements of India|separatist movements]]. It began on 11 December in [[Kanyakumari]], [[Tamil Nadu]] and visited 14 states.<ref name=":02">{{cite news |last=Sharma |first=Naresh Kumar |date=22 January 2011 |title=BJP to go ahead with Ekta Yatra in Kashmir |newspaper=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/BJP-to-go-ahead-with-Ekta-Yatra-in-Kashmir/articleshow/7340790.cms |access-date=22 March 2022}}</ref> The rally's final stop to hoist the [[Flag of India|Indian flag]] in Jammu and Kashmir on 26 January 1992 was considered unsuccessful, with minimal local participation.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=Bamzai |first=Kaveree |date=15 February 1992 |title=BJP flag-hoisting ceremony in Srinagar turns out to be a damp squib, militancy gets a boost |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/special-report/story/19920215-bjp-flag-hoisting-ceremony-in-srinagar-turns-out-to-be-a-damp-squib-militancy-gets-a-boost-765818-2013-06-24 |access-date=22 March 2022 |work=India Today |language=en}}</ref>


Joshi is known to have been influenced by the life and work of [[Babasaheb Ambedkar]], [[Mahatma Jyotiba Phule]] and [[Deendayal Upadhyaya]]. Joshi was a three-term M.P. from [[Allahabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Allahabad]] before he was defeated in the Lok Sabha elections of May 2004. He won election to the 15th Lok Sabha from [[Varanasi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Varanasi]] as a BJP candidate.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dikshit |first1=Rajeev |title=Joshi beats Mukhtar with big margin {{!}} Varanasi News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/varanasi/joshi-beats-mukhtar-with-big-margin/articleshow/4540142.cms |access-date=7 March 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=16 May 2009 |language=en}}</ref>
Joshi is known to have been influenced by the life and work of [[Babasaheb Ambedkar]], [[Mahatma Jyotiba Phule]] and [[Deendayal Upadhyaya]]. Joshi was a three-term M.P. from [[Allahabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Allahabad]] before he was defeated in the Lok Sabha elections of May 2004. He won election to the 15th Lok Sabha from [[Varanasi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Varanasi]] as a BJP candidate.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Dikshit|first1=Rajeev|title=Joshi beats Mukhtar with big margin Varanasi News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/varanasi/joshi-beats-mukhtar-with-big-margin/articleshow/4540142.cms|access-date=7 March 2021|work=The Times of India|date=16 May 2009|language=en}}</ref>
He also served as the home minister for 13 days government in 1996.
He also served as the home minister for 13 days government in 1996.
Joshi was appointed as Chairman of the Manifesto Preparation Board of the BJP in 2009. He was honoured as "Proud Past Alumni" of Allahabad University by Allahabad University Alumni Association. He was a sitting MP from Varanasi and he vacated that seat for Narendra Modi in 2014 Lok Sabha Elections. He later contested from Kanpur and won from the constituency by a margin of 2.23 lac votes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS2443.htm?ac=43 |title=Constituency wise-All Candidates |publisher=Eciresults.nic.in |date=17 May 2014 |access-date=18 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.auaa.in/proudpast.html|title=Allahbad University Alumni Association : Our Proud Past|work=archive.is|url-status=bot: unknown|archive-url=https://archive.today/20080115090226/http://www.auaa.in/proudpast.html|archive-date=15 January 2008|date=10 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://auaa.in/?page_id=31|title=Our Proud Past|work=archive.is|url-status=bot: unknown|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120707073335/http://auaa.in/?page_id=31|archive-date=7 July 2012|date=10 November 2018}}</ref>
Joshi was appointed as Chairman of the Manifesto Preparation Board of the BJP in 2009. He was honoured as "Proud Past Alumni" of Allahabad University by Allahabad University Alumni Association.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.auaa.in/proudpast.html|title=Allahbad University Alumni Association : Our Proud Past|work=archive.is|url-status=bot: unknown|archive-url=https://archive.today/20080115090226/http://www.auaa.in/proudpast.html|archive-date=15 January 2008|date=10 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://auaa.in/?page_id=31|title=Our Proud Past|work=archive.is|url-status=bot: unknown|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120707073335/http://auaa.in/?page_id=31|archive-date=7 July 2012|date=10 November 2018}}</ref>
 
He was a sitting MP from [[Varanasi Lok Sabha constituency|Varanasi]] and he vacated that seat for Narendra Modi in 2014 Lok Sabha Elections. He later contested from [[Kanpur Lok Sabha constituency|Kanpur]] and won from the constituency by a margin of 2.23 lac votes.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS2443.htm?ac=43|title=Constituency wise-All Candidates|publisher=Eciresults.nic.in|date=17 May 2014|access-date=18 August 2014|archive-date=14 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714213835/http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS2443.htm?ac=43|url-status=dead}}</ref>
 
==Awards and honours==
===National honours===
*{{flag|India}}
**[[File:Padma Vibhushan Ribbon.svg|50px]] [[Padma Vibhushan]] (2017)
 
===Foreign honours===
*{{flag|Mongolia}}
**[[File:Med friendship rib.PNG|50px]] Friendship Medal (2002)<ref>{{cite web|title=Mongolia bestows top honour on Dr. Joshi; plans afoot for Indian universities abroad|url=https://archive.pib.gov.in/release02/lyr2002/rjul2002/29072002/r290720027.html|publisher=[[Press Information Bureau]]|date=29 July 2002}}</ref>
*{{flag|Russia}}
**[[File:Orden of Friendship.png|50px]] [[Order of Friendship (Russia)|Order of Friendship]] (2013)<ref>{{cite web|title=Murli Manohar Joshi given Russia`s `Order of Friendship` award|url=https://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/murli-manohar-joshi-given-russias-order-of-friendship-award_897234.html|publisher=[[Zee News]]|date=16 December 2013}}</ref>
 
===Honorary degrees===
*{{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Kyiv Polytechnic Institute]]:
**[[Doctor of Science]] (DSC) (2003)<ref>{{cite web|title=Ukraine university to honour Dr. Joshi|url=https://archive.pib.gov.in/release02/lyr2003/rsep2003/02092003/r020920035.html|publisher=[[Press Information Bureau]]|date=2 September 2003}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|India}} [[Doon University]]:
**[[Doctor of Science]] (DSC) (2018)<ref>{{cite web|title=Honorary degree to Dr. Murli Manohar Joshi and Mr. Narendra Singh Negi|url=https://www.newspost.live/en/honorary-degree-dr-murli-manohar-joshi-mr-narendra-singh-negi/|publisher=Newspost|date=30 November 2018}}</ref>


== Awards and honours ==
===Other awards===
*[[Padma Vibhushan]] (2017)
*Honorary Fellow of Russian Academy of Natural Sciences (2001)<ref name=Russia>{{cite web|title=Russian academy honours Joshi|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/russian-academy-honours-joshi/articleshow/2120406221.cms|publisher=[[The Times of India]]|date=26 July 2001}}</ref>
*Nikolay Rerikh Medal,  International Academy of Ecology, Man and Nature Protection Sciences (2001)<ref name=Russia/>
*[[Outstanding Parliamentarian Award]] (2009)<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Dasmunsi-M-M-Joshi-to-get-Outstanding-Parliamentarian-award/articleshow/6266603.cms |title=Dasmunsi, M M Joshi to get Outstanding Parliamentarian award |newspaper=[[Times of India]] |location=[[New Delhi]] |date=6 August 2010 |access-date=7 November 2012}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==
{{commonscat}}
{{commons category}}
* [http://drmurlimjoshi.blogspot.com/ Reflections...] Murli Manohar Joshi's blog
* [https://drmurlimjoshi.blogspot.com/ Reflections...] Murli Manohar Joshi's blog (last updated 1 October 2009)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20040604232123/http://www.bjp.org/leader/mmjoshi.htm BJP profile of M.M. Joshi]


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{{s-ttl|title=Member of Parliament<br/>for [[Almora (Lok Sabha constituency)|Almora]] |years=1977 – 1980}}
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{{s-ttl|title=Member of Parliament<br />for [[Varanasi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Varanasi]] |years=2009 – 2014}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Joshi, Murali}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Joshi, Murli Manohar}}
[[Category:Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh pracharaks]]
[[Category:Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh pracharaks]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian physicists]]
[[Category:University of Allahabad alumni]]
[[Category:University of Allahabad alumni]]
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:1934 births]]
[[Category:1934 births]]
[[Category:6th Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:India MPs 1977–1979]]
[[Category:Presidents of Bharatiya Janata Party]]
[[Category:Presidents of Bharatiya Janata Party]]
[[Category:11th Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:India MPs 1996–1997]]
[[Category:12th Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:India MPs 1998–1999]]
[[Category:13th Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:India MPs 1999–2004]]
[[Category:15th Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:India MPs 2009–2014]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:16th Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:India MPs 2014–2019]]
[[Category:People from Nainital]]
[[Category:People from Nainital]]
[[Category:Education Ministers of India]]
[[Category:Ministers of education of India]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of Friendship]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Vibhushan in public affairs]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Vibhushan in public affairs]]
[[Category:Politicians from Varanasi]]
[[Category:Politicians from Varanasi]]
[[Category:Politicians from Kanpur]]
[[Category:Politicians from Kanpur]]
[[Category:Politicians from Allahabad]]
[[Category:Politicians from Prayagraj]]
[[Category:People from Almora district]]
[[Category:People from Almora district]]
[[Category:Ambedkarites]]
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from the Bharatiya Janata Party]]
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from the Bharatiya Janata Party]]
[[Category:Science ministers of India]]

Latest revision as of 19:15, 26 March 2026


Not to be confused with Manohar Joshi.

Murli Manohar Joshi
Official portrait, 2014
Union Minister of Human Resource Development
In office
19 March 1998 – 22 May 2004
Preceded byS. R. Bommai
Succeeded byArjun Singh
3rd National President of the Bharatiya Janata Party
In office
1991–1993
Preceded byLal Krishna Advani
Succeeded byLal Krishna Advani
Union Minister of Home Affairs
In office
16 May 1996 – 1 June 1996
Preceded byShankarrao Chavan
Succeeded byH. D. Deve Gowda
Union Minister of Science and Technology
In office
19 March 1998 – 21 May 2004
Preceded byYoginder K Alagh
Succeeded byKapil Sibal
Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha
In office
16 May 2014 – 23 May 2019
Preceded bySriprakash Jaiswal
Succeeded bySatyadev Pachauri
ConstituencyKanpur, Uttar Pradesh
In office
16 May 2009 – 16 May 2014
Preceded byRajesh Kumar Mishra
Succeeded byNarendra Modi
ConstituencyVaranasi, Uttar Pradesh
In office
10 May 1996 — 17 May 2004
Preceded bySaroj Dubey
Succeeded byRewati Raman Singh
ConstituencyAllahabad, Uttar Pradesh[1]
In office
22 March 1977 – 10 January 1980
Preceded byNarendra Singh Bisht
Succeeded byHarish Rawat
ConstituencyAlmora, Uttar Pradesh
Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha
In office
5 July 1992 – 11 May 1996
ConstituencyUttar Pradesh
Personal details
Born (1934-01-05) 5 January 1934 (age 92)
Delhi, British India
Political partyBharatiya Janata Party (since 1980)
Spouse(s)Tarla Joshi
EducationBSc, MSc, PhD
Alma materUniversity of Allahabad
AwardsPadma Vibhushan (2017)
Signature

Murli Manohar Joshi (born 5 January 1934) is an Indian politician. He is one of the founding members and a senior leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and served as its President from 1991 to 1993. In addition to his role in the BJP, he has been a lifelong member of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), a Hindutva paramilitary organisation. Joshi is the former Member of Parliament from Kanpur Lok Sabha constituency.[5] He is a former professor of physics in University of Allahabad. Joshi later became the Union Human Resources & Development Minister in the National Democratic Alliance government.[6] Joshi was awarded Padma Vibhushan, the second-highest civilian award, in 2017 by the Government of India.[7]

Background and personal life[edit | edit source]

Joshi was born in Delhi on 5 January 1934. His family hails from Almora in Kumaon region, which is now part of the Uttarakhand state. His father's name was Manmohan Joshi. In 1966, Joshi was married to Tarla Joshi, a lady of his own community and similar family background, in a match arranged by their families in the usual Indian way. The lifelong marriage has proven entirely harmonious and conventional. The couple are the parents of two daughters, Nivedita and Priyamvada.[8][9]

Education[edit | edit source]

Joshi had his early education in Chandpur, district Bijnor and in Almora, from where his family hails. He completed his B.Sc. from Meerut College and M.Sc. from Allahabad University. In Allahabad, one of his teachers was Rajendra Singh, who later became the Sarsanghchalak of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh.

Joshi did his doctorate in physics at Allahabad University. The subject of his doctoral thesis was spectroscopy. He published a research paper in Physics in Hindi, which was a first of its kind.[10] After completing his PhD, Joshi started teaching physics at Allahabad University.[11]

Politics and activism[edit | edit source]

Joshi came in contact with the RSS in Delhi at a young age and took part in the Cow Protection Movement in 1953–54, in the Kumbh Kisan Andolan of UP in 1955,[12] demanding halving of land revenue assessment. During the Emergency period (1975–1977) in India, Joshi was in jail from 26 June 1975 until the Lok Sabha elections in 1977. He was elected Member of Parliament from Almora. When the Janata Party (which then included his party) came to power forming the first non-Congress government in Indian history, Joshi was elected General Secretary of the Janata Parliamentary Party. After the fall of the government, his party came out of Janata Party in 1980, and formed the Bharatiya Janata Party or the BJP. Joshi first looked after the Central Office as a General Secretary and later became Party Treasurer. As General Secretary of BJP, he was directly in charge of Bihar, Bengal and North-Eastern States. Later, when BJP formed a government in India under Atal Bihari Vajpayee, Joshi served as the Human Resource Development Minister in the cabinet.

In December 1991, Joshi held a yatra, the Ekta Yatra, intended to signal that BJP supported national unity and opposed separatist movements. It began on 11 December in Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu and visited 14 states.[13] The rally's final stop to hoist the Indian flag in Jammu and Kashmir on 26 January 1992 was considered unsuccessful, with minimal local participation.[14]

Joshi is known to have been influenced by the life and work of Babasaheb Ambedkar, Mahatma Jyotiba Phule and Deendayal Upadhyaya. Joshi was a three-term M.P. from Allahabad before he was defeated in the Lok Sabha elections of May 2004. He won election to the 15th Lok Sabha from Varanasi as a BJP candidate.[15] He also served as the home minister for 13 days government in 1996. Joshi was appointed as Chairman of the Manifesto Preparation Board of the BJP in 2009. He was honoured as "Proud Past Alumni" of Allahabad University by Allahabad University Alumni Association.[16][17]

He was a sitting MP from Varanasi and he vacated that seat for Narendra Modi in 2014 Lok Sabha Elections. He later contested from Kanpur and won from the constituency by a margin of 2.23 lac votes.[18]

Awards and honours[edit | edit source]

National honours[edit | edit source]

Foreign honours[edit | edit source]

Honorary degrees[edit | edit source]

Other awards[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ "Election Commission of India".
  2. ↑ Mathew, Liz (17 August 2018). "Vajpayee's comrades, LK Advani to Murli Manohar Joshi". The Indian Express. Retrieved 4 March 2026.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Yadav, Shyamlal (4 September 2025). "At RSS meeting, concerns raised about income inequality, poor per capita GDP — by BJP stalwart Murli Manohar Joshi". The Indian Express. Retrieved 5 March 2026.
  4. ↑ Varma, Pavan K (13 January 2024). "Just Like That | Murli Manohar Joshi at 90: The storied journey of a politician". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 4 March 2026.
  5. ↑ "Dr. Murli Manohar Joshi". The Times of India.
  6. ↑ Debashish Mukerji (15 November 1998). "Our students don know India's problems (Interview with Murli Manohar Joshi)". The Week. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 8 October 2014.
  7. ↑ "List of Padma awardees 2017". The Hindu. 25 January 2017. Retrieved 7 March 2021.
  8. ↑ Jain, Praveen (7 January 2024). "Murli Manohar Joshi turns 90: Well-wishers flock to Raisina Road to celebrate life of BJP stalwart". ThePrint. Retrieved 19 January 2024.
  9. ↑ Varma, Pavan K (14 January 2024). "Joshi at 90: The storied journey of a politician". epaper.hindustantimes.com/. Retrieved 19 January 2024.
  10. ↑ "Evolution of Dr Joshi - Welcome to Dr. Murli Manohar Joshi". Archived from the original on 26 June 2011. Retrieved 5 July 2011.
  11. ↑ "डॉ मुरली मनोहर जोशी: फिजिक्स के इस प्रोफेसर ने लिखी थी हिंदी में थिसिस, बाद में बने बीजेपी की 'तीसरी धरोहर'". ABP Live (in Hindi).{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  12. ↑ Patrick, French; French, Patrick (27 January 2011). India: A Portrait. Penguin Books Limited. p. 131. ISBN 978-0-14-194700-6.
  13. ↑ Sharma, Naresh Kumar (22 January 2011). "BJP to go ahead with Ekta Yatra in Kashmir". The Times of India. Retrieved 22 March 2022.
  14. ↑ Bamzai, Kaveree (15 February 1992). "BJP flag-hoisting ceremony in Srinagar turns out to be a damp squib, militancy gets a boost". India Today. Retrieved 22 March 2022.
  15. ↑ Dikshit, Rajeev (16 May 2009). "Joshi beats Mukhtar with big margin Varanasi News - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 7 March 2021.
  16. ↑ "Allahbad University Alumni Association : Our Proud Past". archive.is. 10 November 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  17. ↑ "Our Proud Past". archive.is. 10 November 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  18. ↑ "Constituency wise-All Candidates". Eciresults.nic.in. 17 May 2014. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 18 August 2014.
  19. ↑ "Mongolia bestows top honour on Dr. Joshi; plans afoot for Indian universities abroad". Press Information Bureau. 29 July 2002.
  20. ↑ "Murli Manohar Joshi given Russia`s `Order of Friendship` award". Zee News. 16 December 2013.
  21. ↑ "Ukraine university to honour Dr. Joshi". Press Information Bureau. 2 September 2003.
  22. ↑ "Honorary degree to Dr. Murli Manohar Joshi and Mr. Narendra Singh Negi". Newspost. 30 November 2018.
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 "Russian academy honours Joshi". The Times of India. 26 July 2001.
  24. ↑ "Dasmunsi, M M Joshi to get Outstanding Parliamentarian award". Times of India. New Delhi. 6 August 2010. Retrieved 7 November 2012.

External links[edit | edit source]

  • Reflections... Murli Manohar Joshi's blog (last updated 1 October 2009)
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