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| The third letter indicates the degree of summer heat—''a'' indicates warmest month average temperature above {{convert|22|°C|°F|1}} while ''b'' indicates warmest month averaging below 22 °C but with at least four months averaging above {{convert|10|°C|°F|1}}, and ''c'' indicates one to three months averaging above {{convert|10|°C|°F|1}}.<ref name=Beck /><ref name=Peel /><ref name="kottek2006" /> | | The third letter indicates the degree of summer heat—''a'' indicates warmest month average temperature above {{convert|22|°C|°F|1}} while ''b'' indicates warmest month averaging below 22 °C but with at least four months averaging above {{convert|10|°C|°F|1}}, and ''c'' indicates one to three months averaging above {{convert|10|°C|°F|1}}.<ref name=Beck /><ref name=Peel /><ref name="kottek2006" /> |
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| === {{anchor|Csa}}''Csa'': Mediterranean hot summer climates ===
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| {{Main|Mediterranean climate}}
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| These climates usually occur on the western sides of continents between the latitudes of 30° and 45°.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mediterranean Climate |author=Melvin R. George |work=UCRangelands |publisher=University of California |access-date=2015-01-26 |url=http://californiarangeland.ucdavis.edu/Mediterranean_Climate/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304235950/http://californiarangeland.ucdavis.edu/Mediterranean_Climate/ |archive-date=2016-03-04 |url-status=dead }}</ref> These climates are in the polar front region in winter, and thus have moderate temperatures and changeable, rainy weather. Summers are hot and dry, due to the domination of the subtropical high pressure systems, except in the immediate coastal areas, where summers are milder due to the nearby presence of cold ocean currents that may bring [[fog]] but prevent rain.<ref name=McKnight />{{rp|221–3}}
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| '''Examples'''
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| <div float="left">
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| {{col-begin|width=70%}}
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| {{col-1-of-2}}
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| * [[Beirut]], [[Lebanon]] (''Csa'')
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| * [[Latakia]], [[Syria]] (''Csa'')
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| * [[Halabja]], [[Iraq]] (''Csa'')
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| * [[Jerusalem]] (''Csa'')
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| * [[Tel Aviv]], Israel (''Csa'')
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| * [[Tangier]], [[Morocco]] (''Csa'')
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| * [[Casablanca]], Morocco (''Csa'')
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| * [[Algiers]], [[Algeria]] (''Csa'')
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| * [[Valletta]], [[Malta]] (''Csa'')
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| * [[Rome]], [[Italy]] (''Csa'')
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| * [[Naples]], Italy (''Csa'', bordering on ''Cfa'')
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| * [[Madrid]], [[Spain]] (''Csa, bordering on BSk'')
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| * [[Barcelona]], Spain (''Csa'', bordering on ''Cfa'')
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| * [[Palma de Mallorca]], Spain (''Csa'')
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| * [[Lisbon]], [[Portugal]] (''Csa'')
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| * [[Faro, Portugal|Faro]], Portugal (''Csa'')
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| {{col-2-of-2}}
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| * [[Monaco]] (''Csa'')
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| * [[San Marino]] (''Csa'')
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| * [[Vatican City]] (''Csa'')
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| * [[Marseille]], [[France]] (''Csa'')
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| * [[Nice, France|Nice]], France (''Csa'')
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| * [[Athens]], [[Greece]] (''Csa, bordering on BSh'')
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| * [[Tunis]], [[Tunisia]] (''Csa'')
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| * [[Izmir]], [[Turkey]] (''Csa'')
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| * [[Tashkent]], [[Uzbekistan]] (''Csa'')
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| * [[Dushanbe]], [[Tajikistan]] (''Csa'')
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| * [[Los Angeles]], [[California]], United States (''Csa'', bordering on ''BSh'')
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| * [[Sacramento, California|Sacramento]], California, United States (''Csa'')
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| * [[Medford, Oregon|Medford]], [[Oregon]], United States (''Csa'')
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| * [[Tecate]], [[Mexico]] (''Csa'')
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| * [[Perth]], [[Australia]] (''Csa'')
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| * [[Adelaide]], Australia (''Csa'')
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| {{col-end}}
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| </div>
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|
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| === {{anchor|Csb}}''Csb'': Mediterranean warm/cool summer climates ===
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| Dry-summer climates sometimes extend to additional areas (sometimes well north or south of) typical Mediterranean climates, however since their warmest month average temperatures do not reach {{convert|22|C|1}} they are classified as ''Csb''.<ref name=Beck /> Some of these areas would border the [[oceanic climate]] (''Cfb''), except their dry-summer patterns meet Köppen's ''Cs'' minimum thresholds.
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| '''Examples'''
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| <div float="left">
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| {{col-begin|width=70%}}
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| {{col-1-of-2}}
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| * [[Concepción, Chile|Concepción]], Chile (''Csb'')
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| * [[Pasto (Colombia)|Pasto]], [[Colombia]] (''Csb'')
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| * [[San Carlos de Bariloche]], [[Argentina]] (''Csb'')
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| * [[Nakuru]], [[Kenya]] (''Csb'')
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| * [[San Cristóbal de la Laguna]], Spain (''Csb'')
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| * [[Salamanca]], Spain (''Csb'')
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| * [[Porto]], [[Portugal]] (''Csb'')
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| * [[Guarda, Portugal|Guarda]], Portugal (''Csb'')
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| * [[Rieti]], [[Italy]] (''Csb'')
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| * [[Ohrid]], [[North Macedonia]] (''Csb'')
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| {{col-2-of-2}}
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| * [[Bilecik]], [[Turkey]] (''Csb'')
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| * [[San Francisco]], California, United States (''Csb'')
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| * [[Santa Barbara, California|Santa Barbara]], [[California]], United States (''Csb'')
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| * [[Seattle, Washington]], United States (''Csb'')
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| * [[Victoria, British Columbia|Victoria]], [[British Columbia]], [[Canada]] (''Csb'')
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| * [[Cape Town]], [[South Africa]] (''Csb'')
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| * [[Albany, Western Australia|Albany]], [[Western Australia]], [[Australia]] (''Csb'')
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| * [[Devonport, Tasmania|Devonport]], [[Tasmania]], Australia (''Csb'')
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| * [[Mount Gambier, South Australia|Mount Gambier]], [[South Australia]], Australia (''Csb'')
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| {{col-end}}
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| </div>
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| === {{anchor|Csc}}''Csc'': Mediterranean cold summer climates ===
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| Cold summer Mediterranean climates (''Csc'') exist in high-elevation areas adjacent to coastal ''Csb'' climate areas, where the strong maritime influence prevents the average winter monthly temperature from dropping below 0 °C. This climate is rare and is predominantly found in climate fringes and isolated areas of the Cascades and Andes Mountains, as the dry-summer climate extends further poleward in the Americas than elsewhere.<ref name="McKnight" /> Rare instances of this climate can be found in some coastal locations in the North Atlantic and at high altitudes in Hawaii.
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| '''Examples'''
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| * [[Akureyri]], [[Iceland]] (''Csc''), alternatively: dry-summer subarctic climate (''Dsc'')
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| * [[Balmaceda, Chile|Balmaceda]], [[Chile]] (''Csc'')
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| * [[Government Camp, Oregon#Climate|Government Camp]], [[Oregon]], United States (''Csc, bordering on Dsb/Dsc'')
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| * [[Haleakalā]] Summit, [[Hawaii]], United States (''Csc'')
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| * [[Harstad]], [[Norway]] (''Csc''), alternatively: dry-summer subarctic climate (''Dsc'')
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| * [[Liawenee]], [[Australia]] (''Csc, bordering on Csb'')
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| * [[Spirit Lake (Washington)|Spirit Lake]], [[Washington (state)|Washington]], United States (''Csc'')
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| '''Examples''' | | '''Examples''' |
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| |archive-date=8 May 2012 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> | | |archive-date=8 May 2012 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> |
| * [[Irbid]], [[Jordan]] (''Csa'')<ref>{{cite web |title=Weather Information for Irbid |url=http://jometeo.gov.jo/ |publisher=Jordan Meteorological |access-date=27 November 2016}}</ref> | | * [[Irbid]], [[Jordan]] (''Csa'')<ref>{{cite web |title=Weather Information for Irbid |url=http://jometeo.gov.jo/ |publisher=Jordan Meteorological |access-date=27 November 2016}}</ref> |
| | * [[Istanbul]], [[Turkey]] (''Csa'') |
| * [[Izmir]], [[Turkey]] (''Csa'') | | * [[Izmir]], [[Turkey]] (''Csa'') |
| * [[Jerusalem]], [[Israel]] (''Csa'') | | * [[Jerusalem]], [[Israel]] (''Csa'') |
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| * [[Palma de Mallorca]], [[Spain]] (''Csa'') | | * [[Palma de Mallorca]], [[Spain]] (''Csa'') |
| * [[Perth]], [[Australia]] (''Csa'') | | * [[Perth]], [[Australia]] (''Csa'') |
| | * [[Rabat]], [[Morocco]] (''Csa'') |
| * [[Rome]], [[Italy]] (''Csa'') | | * [[Rome]], [[Italy]] (''Csa'') |
| * [[Sacramento, California|Sacramento]], [[California]], [[United States]] (''Csa'') | | * [[Sacramento, California|Sacramento]], [[California]], [[United States]] (''Csa'') |
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